Method for making cellular structure from plastic

专利摘要:
The plastics material device 6 has a plurality of generally quadrilateral openings 8 for receiving and gripping the containers 9, the openings 8 having their sides formed by strips 5, 10, each of the strips 5 of two opposite, corresponding sides of each opening being orientated along their length, the strips 10 of the remaining two opposite sides not being substantially orientated. The strips 5, at least, have substantial elasticity. The device may be made by forming holes or depressions in a plastics web and then stretching the web longitudinally to orientate just the strips 5 and to form the holes or depressions into the openings 8. <IMAGE>
公开号:SU973005A3
申请号:SU792835962
申请日:1979-10-09
公开日:1982-11-07
发明作者:Брайан Мерсер Фрэнк
申请人:П.Л.Г.Рисерч Лимитед (Фирма)；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

(LAW SPOSOV MANUFACTURING The invention relates to the processing of plastics into products and can be used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of cellular structures necessary for gardening, agriculture, civil engineering.  A known method of making a cellular construction of plastic, according to which a structure is obtained in the form of strands connected by knots formed by elementary filaments, a central thread and thin jumpers Г1.  The disadvantage of the method is that the structure is not sufficiently strong, since, when a gap is broken, it often tears around the node and begins to tear in the circuit (acting as the initiating element of the gap.  The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a method of making a four-piece plastic construction consisting in extracting the initial plasticity of the cellular structure of the sticking material having a system of holes or depressions, which are filled with columns and perpendicular to them p dam t, direction, pair -.  before the formation of strand-shaped zones of the material placed by the adjacent holes or recesses, connected between themselves by strips of material arranged perpendicular to the strands, having a thickness in the middle part that is less than the thickness of the node on the strip connecting the C2 strands .  However, the knots are not stretched, they are thick and heavy, which reduces the quality of the cellular structure.  The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the cellular structure.  This goal is achieved in that, according to the method of making a cellular plastic structure consisting of drawing a raw plastic material having a system of holes or recesses, which are arranged in columns and perpendicular to them in rows, in a direction parallel to the columns, to form from material zones placed between adjacent holes or recesses, oriented strands, interconnected by strips of material, arranged perpendicular to the strands, having in the middle part a thickness the thickness of the node on the strip connecting the strands, the initial plastic material has a thickness of at least 0.75 mm, and the stretching is carried out to a point offset on the plastic raw material on a straight line, parallel to the lines and tangent to holes or recesses from the indicated straight line and the corresponding strand.  In addition, the point offset from the indicated straight line to the corresponding strand is at least 25 times the thickness of the strand in the middle part.  The stretching is carried out to such a degree that the orientation passes through the strip of material from one strand to another in the stretching direction.  The original plastic material has a thickness of at least 1 mm.  The distance between adjacent holes or depressions does not exceed the toli: 1, the initial plastic material.  Additional stretching is carried out in a direction parallel to the rows of holes or recesses.  Additional stretching is carried out before the formation of additional oriented strands located perpendicular to the strands parallel to the columns from the material strips and to the formation of oriented nodes having a central zone with a thickness exceeding the thickness of the oriented zones located on both sides of the central zone and to the orientation of the zones strands that go over into a knot, and complete an additional stretch when getting a knot with a minimum thickness of at least 75 times the thickness of the middle part of any of the strands, boiling the node and a maximum thickness greater than the thickness of the middle portion of any of the strands in the transition boiling Further stretching is carried out with decreasing mesh sizes structure in a direction perpendicular to the direction of drawing additional Hkee.  Term oriented means molecular oriented.  The terms rows and columns are used for convenience to indicate the axes of a rectangular grid. Terms are thick, thin.  height and thickness.  high low refers to a size perpendicular to the plane of the source material or cellular structure, and the terms wide, narrow and width refer to the corresponding size in the plane of the original material or cellular structure.  The thickness of the source material or cellular structure is the distance between the extreme front surfaces of the original material or cellular structure.  .  The thickness, or height, of the strand is the thickness of the strand cross section, excluding the raised edges.  In particular, if the initial holes or depressions are not rounded at the exit of them onto the front surfaces of the source material, the strands have a cross-section in the form of a pin cushion with raised edges and with reduced middle portions.  The thickness, or height, must be measured inside of the raised edges.  Imaginary zones of nodes on the source material are the zones formed at the intersection of a zone with parallel sides, which is located between and tangent to two columns of holes or recesses, and is parallel and tangent to zones with parallel sides, which are located between two rows of holes or grooves .  Grooves are not necessarily obtained by applying pressure.  Extensions are given either in strands or in common.  If they are given on strands, they are obtained by measuring the distance traveled by the respective ends on either side of the strand.  For the second stretch, the degrees are determined by comparing the stretch lengths with the original starting material, and not with the material after the first stretch.  Extent of stretch is measured after relaxation.  According to the proposed method, a uniaxial or biaxial orientation is carried out.  In the case of a biaxial attempt, according to the proposed method, the source material gives nodes between strands without excessive thinning, with the elementary filaments inside the nodes. No, the entire node has a minimum thickness of not less than 75 the thickness of the middle of any of the strands included in the node.  Each knot is made monolithic in contrast to a black knot formed from segments of filaments and films.  The nodes have a central zone, which is thicker than the oriented side zones at least from: two opposite sides of it, containing a certain amount of unoriented material (. or there may be two small, spaced with some space between them unoriented zones on each side of the center of the node).  The unoriented or randomly oriented central zone is thicker than the strands, and therefore may have sufficient strength to prevent a gap in the center of the node.  The nodes retain their shape, which provides the transmission of stresses and allows the nodes. It is necessary to withstand large forces by a pair of strands located on the same line, or between two strands located initially at an angle of 90 to each other.  If the strands are thick enough, the structure is sufficiently durable for use, for example, as a fence for livestock, relatively durable, lightweight structures can be used, for example, in gardening to collect plums.  FIG.  1-3 three stages of the proposed method; in fig.  4 shows section A-A in FIG.  2; in fig.  5 is a section BB in FIG.  2; in fig.  6 is a sectional view BB in FIG.  2; in fig.  7 shows a section B-B in FIG.  Option 2; in fig.  8-12 - nodes. in five different constructions obtained according to the proposed method.  in fig.  13 shows a section of FIG.  12; in fig.  14 is a section dD in FIG. 12; in fig.  15 various forms of holes or recesses that can be used in the source material; in fig.  16 is a plant for the manufacture of bifold constructions, a schematic vertical projection; on league.  17 strengthening cell structure, perspective view; FIG. 18 is a retaining wall (FIG.  vertical section; in fig.  19, embankment reinforced in accordance with the present invention, vertical section.  FIG.  Figure 1 shows a sheet of plastic material 1 having flat front surfaces and provided with circular openings or recesses 2.  The recesses can be made on one or both sides of the sheet 1 with a solid web left, preferably in the middle plane of the sheet.  FIG.  1 shows an imaginary zone of 3 nodes, t. e.  an area formed at the intersection of an imaginary zone with parallel sides, which is located between two columns of holes or recesses 2 and tangent to them, and an imaginary zone 5 with parallel sides, which is located between and two rows of holes and recesses 2 tangent to them.  FIG.  1 also shows lines 6 and 7.  .  .  When the sheet 1 is stretched in the vertical direction, the structure shown in FIG.  2, due to the fact that zone 8 (lig.  1) stretched and oriented in strands 9.  The stretching is carried out so much (for example, to a stretching ratio of 7: 1, on the strands) that the outermost portions of the imaginary nodal zones 3 are oriented and stretched, forming the end portions of the strands 9.  smoothly merging with the rest of the strand (see  fig, f)}, wherein the orientation can pass exactly through the center or approximately through the center of each imaginary nodal zone 3.  Imaginary point 10 (league.  1) lying on an imaginary straight line 11, which is parallel to the perpendicular columns of the rows of holes 2 or recesses and is tangent to them, moves to the corresponding strand (Fig.  2), as a result of which it is located from the corresponding "ae oy straight line 11" at a noticeable distance x (Fig. 2 and 6).  This is also illustrated by real lines 7 (FIG.  2).  The distance x is preferably at least 2S% of the thickness of the mid-strands of 9 oe, more preferably not less than the indicated thickness.  9 Imaginary zones 5 with parallel sides form stripes running horizontally (see  FIG.  . and each containing a continuous series of alternating zones, namely, the first zones located at the ends of strands 9 that are on the same line and mutually connecting them, and the second zones 13 between the first, zones 12.  The second zones 13 are not oriented and still retain the original thickness of sheet 1 (. cm.  fig, k) and have flat outer surfaces (see  FIG.  4 and 5 However, the first zones 12 are oriented (see  the undulating upper and lower surfaces in FIG.  t), let us assume that the orientation of qi can pass through the first zones 12 in the direction of the strands to form a hollow in the horizontal strip, as shown in FIG.  t, with the entire first zone 12 oriented in the direction of the strands 9.  The center of each first zone 12 (corresponding to the middle of an imaginary nodal zone 3) is noticeably thicker and less oriented than strands 9-1 cm.  FIG.  6, and may have tol1cin in the range from a thickness slightly greater than the thickness of the strands to the thickness of the starting material of sheet 1.  If the entire first zone 12 is oriented, its central third may be stretched to a stretch degree of at least 1.5: 1.  If the central part of the first zone 12 is not stretched, then the length of the non-stretched part may be, for example, five times more than its thickness, if the strips are wide, or no more than its thickness.  In the design shown in FIG. 6, there is a gradual increase in thickness from point 10 to the center of each first zone 12.  At point 1t (FIG. 2), the material of the imaginary nodal zone 3 is stretched, forming an incoming angle on each side of the first zone 12.  FIG.  Figure 7 shows a possible option: the orientation passes through the entire first zone 12, but there is only a slight thinning in the center of zone 12, and there is a steeper transition to the thickness of the strand 9 At the edges of zone 12.  To obtain single-base constructions, the starting material can be of any suitable thickness (from 0.75 mm and above); we accept the best designs can be obtained with a thickness of the starting material of at least 1 mm.  5 The distance between adjacent holes 2 or depressions 2 in the starting material — sheet 1 may be greater than the thickness of sheet 1 in the same place.  One-grounded constructions can find a wide range of factors. The presence of the orientation included in the first zones 12 provides savings of plastic material; as a result of the orientation passing through the first zones 12 through, there arises such a degree at which the strands 9 that are located on the same line are joined together, and a decrease in the yield strength that would take place inside the strip during tension in the vertical direction (see .  FIG.  . ) as a result of the fact that the center of each imaginary nodal zone 3 is much less oriented, the risk of splitting during bending of the bands is reduced.  In accordance with another embodiment of the method, the structure may be subjected to a second stretch in the horizontal direction (see  FIG.  2J.  Appointment of the second stretch. - stretch shown in FIG.  1 zones 15, which correspond to the second zones 13 in FIG.  2, in order to form strands 1b.  At the same time, as it was established, in the absence of tension applied in the vertical direction, the length of the cells in the direction of the first winding decreases (possibly by a value of up to 33%), and the end sections of strands 9 partially or completely retract into the nodes and even Hypinge in the direction of the second stretch to form the sleep areas of the RT-16 (see  FIG.  3), with the stack in the first direction shortened accordingly (real lines 6 in FIG.  3,).  Thus, the outermost portions of the original (the imaged nodal zones 3 at the end of the first stretch may have an orientation extending in the direction of the first stretch, and at the end of the second stretch - ki - the predominant orientation extending in the direction of the second stretch, or about the same orientation in each of these two directions.  .  The magnitude of this effect depends on the total degrees of drawdown for the two drawdowns indicated.  If the orientation passes through all or at least almost the entire imaginary nodal zone 3, then a better node can be obtained in the final product.  However, it was found that it is not necessary for the orientation to pass through almost the entire zone 3.  FIG.  8-12, some examples of nodes 17 formed between strands 9 and 1 &amp; are shown.  The first stretching is carried out in the vertical direction of the sheet 1 according to the drawing, and the second in the transverse direction of the sheet 1.  Each of the nodes 17 has a diamond-shaped, or lenticular, shape (in particular, in figures 10-12) with a larger axis (or maximum size, lying on the same line with strands 16 formed during the second stretch, and longer (much longer it is smaller than their axis (or minimum size), lying on the same line with strands 9- The sides of the node 17 form curved surfaces and very smoothly go to the sides of the strands 16, but relatively sharply go to the sides of the strands 9.  The size of node 17 is much larger than the size of an imaginary intersection zone 18, which would have been formed at the intersection of strands 9 and 1b (see  FIG.  eight.  Each node 17 is symmetrical with respect to a plane parallel to the median plane of the cellular structure, but not flat and has a characteristic contour.  The minimum thickness of each node 17 is at least 1S% of the thickness of the middle part of any of the strands 9 or 16, which, when the minimum thickness is reduced to 90% or 80 (or lower) the thickness of the middle of the thickest strand 9 or 16, the strength of the node decreases.  Maximum thickness, the node is much larger than MI. Nor is the thickness, and significantly greater than the thickness of the middle part of any of the strands of 9 or 16.  . . .  Usually the thickness of the strand is measured w / in its middle.  However, it was found that, in particular, if the original holes or recesses were round, the middle of the strand may not be its thinnest point.  Each node 17 has a central zone 19, which is thicker than the oriented side zones 20 and 21, at least from its two opposite sides, and usually thicker than the middle of at least two strands 9 9 510 and 16.  TaKHf takes place (FIG.  8-1. . ) a noticeable increase in thickness when passing through node 17 from one strand 9 to another strand 9 located with it on one line.  If the orientation did not pass through the first zone 12, the central zone 19 would be even thicker.  The central zone 19 will be noticeably less oriented than the side zones 20 and 21, and the central part of the central zone 19 may even be unoriented, although most of the node must be oriented.  In the worst case, only 7% of the site area in the plan can be oriented.  A high degree of orientation occurs in the direction along the gaps between adjacent strands 9 and 16.  In node 17 (in FIG.  10-12} the major axis coincides with the direction of the second, m. e.  is aligned with strands 16, and the structure has greater strength in this direction if the cross sections of strands 9 and 16 and the intervals between the strands are equal.  The ratio of the larger size of the node 17 to the smaller one can be changed, a more balanced orientation and shape can be obtained by carefully selecting the degree of stretching in two stretching operations.  Although the degree of stretching during the second operation may be higher than with the first, with the second stretching, the knots are stretched and strands 9 are shortened.  Increasing the degree of stretching in the second direction increases the strength in this direction, but decreases it in another direction.  FIG.  In the second zone 13 (see FIG. 2) the first zones 12 were pulled out before the first zones 12, and the first zones 12 were not completely stretched (or even small central zones of unoriented material were left in from zones 12), leaving the central zone 19 of node 17 in the form of a lump.  However, the side zones 20 and 21 are oriented and may have a thickness slightly greater than the thickness of any of the strands 9 or 16, where they enter node 17, and approximately equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the middle strands 9 and 16.  A structure may have approximately the same strength along each axis if the sections of strands are 9 and 1b and the gaps between the strands.  The Type Node 17 shown in FIG.  8, it is possible to obtain if the material is not allowed to shorten in the first direction of the second stretch and the orientation of the second stretch and provide an orientation that is far in the first zones 12, but does not go through them.  FIG.  9 shows the node 17 (FIG.  8), with further stretching in the second direction.  Central zone 19 appears somewhat more rectangular.  The gaps are still smoothly curved, and, orientation in their extreme zones, runs along the gaps, but protrudes outward at the corners of the central zone 19.  FIG.  10 shows the assembly 17 (FIG. 9), and by further stretching in the second direction.  The raised central zone 19 has an elongated shape and is on the same line with strands 1b, at each end it enters zones or iishki 22, which are thicker than central zone 13 and are adjacent to the ends of strands 1b, and together form a shape shown in strokes.  FIG.  11 shows the node 17 (Fig /.  10) with further stretching in the second direction.  Central Zone 19 enters shiiki 23, together with them form a dumbbell 1fig.  ten).  Fig, 12 shows the node 17 (. FIG. 1 with further in the second direction.  The central zone 19 has an elongated shape and blends seamlessly with the ca: {dy of strands 1b with a gradual decrease in thickness, although in zones 2+ there is a slight thickening.  Two sections through the nodes 17 are shown in FIG.  13 and 1t.  The production of the above-described assemblies 17 depends on the shape of the holes or depressions 2 and the pitch between them, on the conditions of drawing, for example temperature, and on the plastic material. , There is a tendency to form nodes of the type indicated in the analogue, if the sheet thickness is less than 1.5 mm, in particular, if the ratio v /: d (ratio of the distance W between the holes or depressions of the adjacent columns or rows in the original sheet to the thickness d sheet) is too large.  This tendency decreases when the sheet thickness decreases below 1 mm, and especially when the sheet thickness decreases.  is up to 0.75-0.5 mm.  This tendency can be reduced by eliminating the raised edges around the holes caused, for example, by extrusion (embossing) or by decreasing the relative ratio of 9030 5 W: d.  However, the preferred lower limit for the thickness of the source material is 1 mm, while it has been established that the thickness of the node 17 itself can be about 0.7 mm, while if the thickness of the source material is 0.75 mm, the corresponding thickness of the node would be about 0.55 mm.  The behavior of the material changes with decreasing thickness because the dimensions of the molecules themselves become more appropriate.  It is not necessary to obtain a structure similar to that of the inventive invention when using the starting material, which is reduced in all dimensions compared to the material in any of the examples given (t. e.  in terms of thickness, hole size and pitch in each direction), for example, up to a thickness of 0.5 mm and below.  It is preferable to use drawing temperatures lower than those recommended, for example 97 ° C for IEPE (high density polyethylene), instead of a temperature slightly below 126 ° C.  At the first stretch, the orientation may not pass through imaginary nodal zones 3 (Fig.  1) or may not go far enough into zones 3.  This trend can be avoided or can be reduced by reducing the distance between the holes 2 or depressions in the direction of the first extract by reducing the distance between the holes 2 or depressions in the direction of the second stretch or reducing the radius of the corners of the holes or depressions.  A decrease in the ratio w; d increases the tear resistance.  The starting material can have any approach and its thickness is from 0.75 mm and higher and be in the form of a sheet or sleeve.  The preferred material is strictly unplanar material, however, minor deviations from unplanarity are not excluded.  Holes (or recesses, if they are more suitable /) can be obtained by punching or by molding during the formation of the source material with the closure of the slit die head.  It is preferable to avoid any protrusions around the periphery of the holes or recesses 2, especially in the manufacture of biostable structures.  So, P97 zones 13 preferably have flat surface and lower surfaces (. cm.  FIG.  6 and 7), this reduces the tendency to the formation of thin places in the nodes of bifold structures.  If depressions are provided instead of the openings 2, the web closure can be broken during the stretching process and the film-like material remaining after that will be removed.  Preferably, the starting material is not oriented, although orientation in the melt may occur. The starting material may be any suitable thermoplastic material, such as, for example, NOPE (low density polyethylene), low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene copolymers of high density .  density and polypropylene and polyamides. The starting material may have on each front surface a surface layer containing an ultraviolet stabilizer, and the greater the ratio of the width of oriented strands in the product to their height, the more effective is the stabilization of ultraviolet radiation, since A smaller part of the total surface area.  To allow the cellular structure to be used in the manufacture of laminated materials (with one or more similar cellular structures or with one or more other materials, such as fabric or film), the starting material may have a special layer on one or both surfaces.  This layer may consist of substances such as reduced density polyethylene or ethylene vinyl acetate that melt or become sticky at a temperature at which the main component: the structure is not disoriented.  Said layer or layers can be applied by co-extrusion coating.  After stretching, the structures can be released in a known manner.  FIG.  Figure 15 shows various shapes, holes, or recesses 2. For making uniaxially or biologically based mesh structures, on which the centers of the holes or recesses 2 are located, may be square or rectangular.  The area of the holes or recesses 2 depends to some extent on the shape of the holes, preferably less than 50 areas of the source material in plan, and more preferably less than 2. five%.  Installation for the implementation of the proposed method (Fig.  16) contains the exhaust device 25, the little ru. Lone 2b of non-perloryed starting material, which passes through the installation along the path shown by a dotted line and lines and arrows, The starting material passes through a leveling device 27, a hole punching machine 7. 8, machine 29 for orientation (stretching) in the transverse direction, machine 30 for orientation (. stretching) in the direction of processing and is wound on the receiving-punching device 31. In the machine 3, for the second orientation, it is necessary to avoid too short a distance between the grips to allow some lateral shrinkage of the cellular structure.  Theoretically, it does not matter whether the first stretching is carried out in a continuous-action machine in the transverse direction or in the direction of the circumference (5 flows).  In tab.  1 and 2 show the experimental method and the results of examples 111.  ) All dimensions are in millimeters.  Extent of stretching is given for the w / d ratio values.  In tab.  1 w is measured in the direction of the first stretch; Cell size is cell diameter or width (Example 3). In Table. 2 in all columns except the first, second and fifth, shows the thickness.
r
SP
oh oh
- see T
r- cr
Mr. Y. SP
vS
LTi
I S Q) O S
ii G
i
Im s
Th about
about o q
tr with
CM "
LTv m
un
r -. r- LA
““ Ha
CMCM
-I- 4D
r
CM-C
rr
r CM
C3
LOLTi CO
ga gorvD vO
t-vo
in
"T"

-iCD
en rr CO
-a- 1Л O
IIIIIrr r fv |
cr
 go
GO
LTltA
J- -
CMII
CMrO-3 -AvX5l-
in CM
CX {N |
"I"
 1 f
vo -d- u rr GO GOCM
H Ib "44"
CNJCM
C3O LA
VOCvl
t
vo
tM -
(M
CO
cf
Ooco
-3 (G- "s
, -СЧ.СЭ-
irv
ur.
SHE
rr
CM
G1L
m rr
r
GO
r
H.
SC-CMCMCM
 , - - CO In all the examples, except for Example 1, there was no limitation of the material in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the stretch, both at the first stretch and at the second; in Example 11, there was some limitation in the direction perpendicular to the hitch direction) during the second stretch. The results are typical for producing structures. The structure of example 1 is particularly suitable for stabilizing embankments (see below / and has excellent properties in terms of breaking load per meter width and deformation when stretched from the design to examples 2, 3 and 4 but the orientation does not intersect zones 12. In examples 2, 3 and k, the length of the incomprehensible part of zone 12 is 7, 10.5 and 2.5 mMu, respectively, these values are greater than the thickness of the material, respectively, in 1) 5b; 7 and 2 ;;; times. 8 example 7 middle of zone 19 all
Ma is slightly thicker than the middle of strands 1b,
In Example 11, the ratio of new: d is less than one, and although the draw rates are relatively low, the entire 17 ° unit is oriented.
Cellular structures according to the invention are not necessary, they must be uniform throughout their length, certain heterogeneity may be introduced for certain purposes, for example, for the manufacture of bags,
In one example, the sleeve-type construction is made in the form of sections of an uniaxial (in the processing direction) oriented grid (as in FIG. 2), separated by sections of an unstretched plastic material and when cutting (top or top and bottom) the sleeve structure into suitable segments bags are obtained. Single-grounded structures can be used, for example, for sun umbrellas, awnings, etc., sun protection for agricultural crops, windbreaks, coating materials, anti-glare filters, protection against insects, or strengthening the stabilization of soils, be used, for example, to fence livestock, in horticulture, to collect plums, in civilian construction of granular material, for example, horizontally under a roadway or obliquely close to the surface of the embankment or t ranches Preferably, the cellular structure is straight in section, perpendicular to its plane, at least in section, parallel to oriented strands, which are usually parallel to the line of intended stretching of the cellular structure. This provides the possibility of full use of the strength of the cellular structure and stretching.

权利要求:
Claims (3)
[1]
The cellular construction can be of practical use without special fastening, but it is preferable to attach it to at least one rigid element, the Mechanism, for the manufacture of reinforcement of laminated sheets. The constructions according to the invention may be used to strengthen (stabilize) granular materials of any suitable type, such as earth, sand, clay or gravel, and in any suitable place, for example, on a trench wall or embankment, under road covering, take-off coating landing strips or rail tracks, under buildings or floors by embankments, this structure may be particularly suitable for preventing the retaining wall from moving away from the pressure space of the granular material behind it, Support 1 uk Healing) is a concrete example of stabilization. The preferred structure for strengthening (stabilization) is a single-base construction, although it can be used, and a bi-reinforced construction. A cellular structure is usually placed approximately parallel to the surface using one element, for example, extending along one edge of the cellular structure, or two separated parallel elements, for example, on opposite edges of the cellular structure, or several elements spaced at intervals between them. Elements may be perpendicular to the above oriented strands. Each: the rigid member is preferably made of molded material in which the cellular structure is embedded before solidification. Concrete is a suitable material, but in accordance with another embodiment of the mesh, the structure may be otherwise attached to one or more pre-cast elements or, for example, to one or more steel plates. The mentioned element, for example, passing along one edge of the cellular structure can be a retaining wall. FIG. 17, the two opposite extreme zones of the cellular structure 32 are cast into Lekty concrete elements, or bars 33. The cellular structure has parallel oriented strands 3 and parallel strips 35 and is a single-foundation structure (see Fig. 2 and Example 1). As shown, strips 35 are embedded in bars 33 so that the concrete subjected to vibration during the molding of the bars 33 enters the spaces between the strands 3 and tightly wraps the strips 35. In FIG. 18 illustrates the use of the construction depicted in FIG. 17, in order to prevent the retaining wall of the ST from moving from the ground surface 37. There are several parallel layers of cellular structures 32 stacked one on top of the other with some intervals between them (l 37, and the end bar 33 of each layer is embedded As shown, bars 33 of one layer are located directly above the bars of the next layer. Estimated stretching of the cellular structure 32 will occur in the direction of strands 3, and each layer is straight in cross section located in the plane of Figure 18, Himself and the cellular structure has good slip resistance relative to earth 37, and bar 33 (except for bars p wall 3f) increases the slip resistance, so that cellular structures 32 act as anchors, preventing the rear wall from shifting from the vertical flare. in one (1 mound with some gaps between them, layers of one-base structures 32, such as described, for example, with reference to FIG. 2 and Example 1. The bottom invention allows the fabrication of a 9 5 FROM a good quality plastic material. Claim 1. A method of making a cellular plastic structure consisting of extracting a source plastic material having a system of holes or recesses which are arranged in columns and perpendicular rows in a direction parallel to the columns to form from zones of material placed between adjacent holes or recesses, orientation-. strands interconnected by strips of material arranged perpendicular to strands having a middle part thickness smaller than the thickness of the node on the strip connecting strands, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the cellular structure, the original plastic material has a thickness of at least 0.75, and the stretching is carried out until the point lying on the plastic raw material is displaced on a straight line parallel to the rows and tangent to the holes or recesses, from the indicated straight line to the corresponding line. strand.
2. The method according to claim 1 is also distinguished by the fact that the point offset from the indicated straight line to the corresponding strand is at least 25% of the thickness of the strand in the middle part.
[2]
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the drawing is performed to such an extent that the orientation passes through the strip of material from one strand to another in the direction of drawing. A. The method according to PP. 1-3, characterized in that the raw plastic material has a thickness of at least 1 mm. 5. Method according to paragraphs. 1-3, in connection with the fact that the distance between the adjacent openings or depressions does not exceed the thickness of the original plastic material. 6. Method according to paragraphs. 1-5 (characterized in that an additional stretching is carried out in a direction parallel to the rows of holes or recesses. 7. Method 6, different and with the fact that
[3]
the hood is carried out before the formation of additional oriented strands perpendicular to the strands parallel to the columns from the material bands and to the formation of oriented nodes having a central zone with a thickness exceeding the thickness of the oriented zones located on both sides of the central zone and to the orientation of the zones strands, transition to the node, and complete additional stretching when receiving a node with a minimum thickness of less than 75 times the thickness of the middle part of any of the strands that go into the node,
and maximum thickness exceeding the thickness of the middle part of any of the strands passing into the node.
8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the additional stretching is carried out while reducing the size of the mesh structure in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the additional stretching.
Sources of information taken into account in the examination
1. The patent of England W 1310 (7, 1SP.V 5 V, published 1972.
2. The patent of England M 982036,
cl. P 5 V, published, 19b5 (prototype).
FIG. 1.
Jl
sixteen
SK
l
P
.
T
Fig.d
/ I-l
/ 3
12
O / 3
FIG. five
uid.
9 J / 9
12
fig.d
Fig 7
Fig.8
Fig.e
22 j
19 JV-- V-V
Z2
,,, i ,,, u, n ,, nР
 about
21 16
l
FIG. ten
W
 1P1 Shi1111111P | 1I | 11 | 1 (
  1 I 1/1 and I (V
Fig.i
  , 1,, Г1 | Г Г | 11 НМ11Г | 11И1111 11Г | 1 | 1
I „,„ 1 PPINMP | 11 | „,. | IM1.M .. ,, J
-.
/
2fy
X
20
-J
g
f (.p
/ 7 gg
S
nineteen
X
SSXSSXSSS
/ 7 // g / J
lit
SXXXXS
/ n
L-4 X
Zif
Id
w
FIG. one
-
x
g7
t ii
.v
i
FIG. 15
DR
.sixteen
.P
.n
32
J
city /

类似技术:

---

公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题

---

SU973005A3|1982-11-07|Method for making cellular structure from plastic

---

CA1144327A|1983-04-12|Plastics material mesh structure

---

KR820001945B1|1982-10-21|Plastic material mesh structure

---

US5156495A|1992-10-20|Plastic material mesh structure

---

EP0062462B1|1986-10-22|Plastics material mesh structure

---

FI56331C|1980-01-10|NATURAL PRODUCTS WITHOUT FOUNDATION AT THE FRAMSTAELLA DENSAMMA

---

DE60313978T2|2008-01-24|EARTH DUCT OR GRATED CONSTRUCTION

---

US5267816A|1993-12-07|Geogrids

---

AU2015414528B2|2018-11-08|Packaging material and method for producing a packaging material

---

DE69923644T2|2006-03-16|Resin mesh and its production process

---

RU2608768C2|2017-01-24|Cellular structure, its production and use

---

GB2034240A|1980-06-04|Plastics Material Mesh Structure

---

KR20200066318A|2020-06-09|Geogrid

---

KR20000000692A|2000-01-15|Plastic and iron reticular fabric manufacturing method

---

KR100387215B1|2003-06-12|A network structure of plastic and the manufacturing method

---

NL190319C|1998-10-09|A method for manufacturing a mesh structure from flat or substantially flat plastic material by biaxial stretching, and using a mesh structure manufactured in this way for stabilizing soil.

---

AU630735B2|1992-11-05|Geogrids

---

NZ623363B2|2016-11-01|Mesh structure, production and uses thereof

同族专利:

---

公开号 | 公开日

---

ZA795384B|1980-09-24|

---

GB2031833B|1983-01-12|

---

BE879294A|1980-04-09|

---

JPH0132060B2|1989-06-29|

---

JPS5590337A|1980-07-08|

---

ES257385U|1981-11-16|

---

GB2031833A|1980-04-30|

---

GB2073090A|1981-10-14|

---

ES257386Y|1982-05-01|

---

MY104847A|1994-06-30|

---

GB2073090B|1982-06-30|

---

ES257385Y|1982-05-01|

---

ES257386U|1981-11-16|

引用文献:

---

公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

---

RU2459040C1|2011-02-28|2012-08-20|Закрытое акционерное общество "ПРЕСТО-РУСЬ"|Innovative spatially polymer grid |

---

EA017356B1|2010-01-27|2012-11-30|Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Завод "Славрос"|The geolattice focused in one direction and a building element on its basis|

---

EA017604B1|2010-01-27|2013-01-30|Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Завод "Славрос"|Flexible gratingfor construction and fencing, and building element based thereon|

---

RU193856U1|2019-04-19|2019-11-19|Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью Завод "Славрос"|Geogrid|SE404503B|1973-01-16|1978-10-09|Hercules Inc|PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFORMING A THERMOPLASTIC FOIL TO A WIRE PRODUCT|

---

CA1080419A|1976-04-08|1980-07-01|Chia-Seng Liu|Reticulated web structures|

---

US4140826A|1976-04-08|1979-02-20|Hercules Incorporated|Reticulated web structures|NO152611C|1978-10-16|1985-10-23|Plg Res|PLASTIC NETWORK CONSTRUCTION, PROCEDURE FOR ITS MANUFACTURING AND USE OF THE CONSTRUCTION|

---

US5156495B1|1978-10-16|1994-08-30|Plg Res|Plastic material mesh structure|

---

EP0027031A1|1979-10-09|1981-04-15|P.L.G. Research Limited|Non-planar plastics material article and method of making the same|

---

US4330058A|1980-06-13|1982-05-18|Illinois Tool Works Inc.|Container carrier preform strip|

---

DE3273902D1|1981-04-03|1986-11-27|Plg Res|Plastics material mesh structure|

---

AT20325T|1981-10-05|1986-06-15|Plg Res|PLASTIC NET STRUCTURE.|

---

GB2124965B|1982-07-06|1986-05-29|Plg Res|Mesh structure and laminate made therewith|

---

US4662946A|1982-10-05|1987-05-05|Mercer Frank B|Strengthening a matrix|

---

GB2120475B|1982-10-05|1983-12-29|Frank Brian Mercer|Strenhthening a matrix|

---

US4590029A|1982-10-13|1986-05-20|P. L. G. Research Limited|Molecularly orientating plastics material|

---

CA1210942A|1983-06-03|1986-09-09|Frank B. Mercer|Strengthening a matrix|

---

JPS61154833A|1984-12-27|1986-07-14|Takiron Co Ltd|Manufacture of stretched net body|

---

JPH0421763B2|1986-06-20|1992-04-13|Okasan Kogyo Kk|

---

US5269631A|1989-09-14|1993-12-14|Netlon Limited|Plastics material mesh structures|

---

GB8920843D0|1989-09-14|1989-11-01|Plg Res|Plastics material mesh structure|

---

US5267816A|1989-09-14|1993-12-07|Netlon Limited|Geogrids|

---

CA2062896A1|1991-05-24|1992-11-25|Frank Brian Mercer|Plastics material mesh structure|

---

IT1274668B|1994-04-12|1997-07-24|Rdb Plastotecnica Spa|STRUCTURE OF NETWORK STRETCHED PARTICULARLY FOR GEOTECHNICAL USE|

---

US6019550A|1996-05-21|2000-02-01|Nelton Limited|Modular block retaining wall construction|

---

US5695050A|1996-06-10|1997-12-09|Illinois Tool Works Inc.|Container carrier with different coefficients of friction|

---

DE19913479C1|1999-03-25|2000-10-19|Naue Fasertechnik|Large, high tensile geogrids, method and device for their production and their use as drain and reinforcement grids and as fences|

---

JP2009174280A|2008-01-28|2009-08-06|Hajime Matsuoka|Earth retaining structure and construction method of earth retaining structure|

---

GB0920396D0|2009-11-23|2010-01-06|Dijofi Ltd|A plastics container carrier|

---

GB201118659D0|2011-10-28|2011-12-14|Tensar Technologies Ltd|Mesh structure, production and uses thereof|

法律状态:

优先权:

---

申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

---

GB7840641|1978-10-16|

---