• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A decoking apparatus suitable for use on a reaction vessel for the thermal cracking of heavy petroleum oils the apparatus essentially including a rotatable main injection pipe to be disposed in the reaction vessel and having a multitude of jet nozzles along its length, and a second or auxiliary injection pipe positioned in the proximity of the main injection pipe to inject a scrubbing liquid over the outer peripheral walls of the main injection pipe to prevent deposition of coke. The main and auxiliary injection pipes are both supplied with heavy petroleum oil to remove the coke deposition from the reactor wall by the heavy petroleum oil jets from the main injection pipe while wetting the exterior of the main pipe with the heavy petroleum oil injected by the auxiliary injection pipe.
    公开号:SU965360A3
    申请号:SU782575956
    申请日:1978-02-03
    公开日:1982-10-07
    发明作者:Такахаси Хисао；Номура Такеси；Озаки Киедзи；Изумида Харуо；Мива Наотака；Кавабе Наоси；Сигета Масатото；Хозума Хироси；Сузуки Сейичи
    申请人:Куреха Кагаку Когио Кабусики Каися (Фирма)；Чиеда Кемикал Инджиниринг Энд Констракшн Ко,Лтд (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    However, although some of the deposits can be removed by injecting an inert liquid through the rotating nozzles, deposits remain on the outer surface of the pipe that constantly grow and solidify, as a result, the weight of the rotating injector pipe gradually increases and the effect of the nozzles becomes difficult. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of operation by reducing the cox ratio from the injector pipe. The purpose of the invention is achieved in that a device for removing coke deposits in a reactor for the thermal cracking of heavy oils, comprising a main injection pipe installed in a reactor with a viscosity and having a series of nozzles, made along a straight vertical section located near The inner surface of the reactor stack additionally contains an additional injection pipe, the output end of which is located above the straight vertical section of the main injection pipe. The end part of the auxiliary injection pipe is spirally wound around the main injection pipe. The lower end of the auxiliary injection pipe is provided with an annular nozzle surrounding the main injection pipe. A cleaning fluid, such as liquid feedstock, or heavy oils fed to the reactor, is fed into the main and auxiliary injection pipes. The main injection pipe is calibrated to eject the raw material jets to the inner walls of the reactor at a pressure of maximum 20 kg / cm to remove coke deposits. from the walls. The secondary injection pipe is adapted for jetting a pressurized or non-pressurized raw material onto the outer surface of the main injection pipe, which allows it to be kept moist and thus preventing the sedimentation of the bone. In some cases, the auxiliary pipe can be adapted to the injection pipe to eject the raw material at a pressure of several kilograms per square centimeter. It is preferable to install the main injection pipe rotatably around the vertical axis of the reactor and simultaneously move up and down along this axis. The vertical movements of the main injection pipe ensure that coke-removing jets penetrate the entire inner surface of the reactor walls even in the case when the nozzles are located on the main injection pipe with a certain interval. The compactness of the device, the upper part of the auxiliary injection pipe is preferably connected to the main injection pipe, and the auxiliary injection pipe itself is located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the main injection pipe. In such a case, the lower part of the auxiliary injection pipe projects through the wall of the main injection pipe, preferably in a position in which the main injection pipe is bent towards the side wall of the reactor. . The main injection pipe, which directs jets under high pressure to the inner surface of the reactor walls, is susceptible to vibrations arising from the jets reaction and the process of intense bubbling of high pressure vapors formed during the cracking process. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the main injection pipe with a vibration device. The use of the device prevents the coxane from settling the outer surfaces of the main injection pipe and hardens it, eliminates the time-consuming cleaning of the injection pipe from coke deposits, the device has a longer service life compared to the prototype ... FIG. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a heavy oil cracking reactor with a device for removing coke; in fig. 2 is a partial section of the upper part of the reactor with a drive for pipes in the form of a cylinder with pistons; in fig. 3 — node I in FIG. in fig. 4 is a schematic representation of an auxiliary injection pipe spiral-wound around the main injection pipe. A device for removing coke deposits is installed on the reactor 1 for thermal cracking of heavy oils. The reactor 1 has a conventional design. A device for removing coke includes a main injection pipe 2 and an auxiliary injection pipe 3 located inside the reactor 1 with the possibility of rotation around its axis. Along the main injection pipe 2, there is a series of nozzles 4, made at least of Mepis, in the wall of the pipe that directly opposes the wall of the reactor 1, which allows high-pressure jets of heavy oil to be directed at the inner surfaces of the reactor walls. The nozzles 4 are made downward at an angle of 45 relative to the longitudinal axis of the main injection pipe 2.
    The number and location of the nozzles is selected based on the amount of heavy oil that must be ejected through them and its pressure. The main pipe 2 in its lower part is closed and has two curved sections 5 and b located in close proximity to the inner surface of the walls of the reactor 1. As a result, the nozzles 4 of the main injection pipe 2 are located in close proximity to the inner surface of the walls of the reactor 1. The upper straight a portion of the main injection pipe 2 passes upward through the hole in the upper wall of the reactor 1, more precisely through the bearing 7, which provides the possibility of rotation, and the pipe 2. The seal and the gland 8 provide a tight st upper opening 9 of the reactor and preotvra1tsaet gas leakage therefrom. The end of the upper straight part 10 of the main injection pipe 2 is connected to a connecting bowl 11 fixed on gear 12 driven by an electric motor (not shown).
    The secondary injection pipe 3, passing through the upper straight section 10 of the main injection pipe 2 along its center, comes out at the bend located in the lower part of the upper straight section 10 and is connected in its lower part to the annular pipe 13 with nozzles 14, made in the direction of the main injection pipe 2. At the bend, where the auxiliary injection pipe 3 leaves the main injection pipe 2, its wall along the entire circumference is welded to the main injection pipe 2 to prevent leakage from the last cleaning fluid supplied to it. The upper end of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 is connected to a connecting bowl 15, which can rotate with the connecting bowl 11.
    Heavy oil is supplied to the main injection pipe 2 through pipe 16, having a connecting bowl 17 in the lower part located opposite the connecting bowl 11. The upper end of the pipe 16 is connected to two pipes 18 and 19 through valves 20 and 21, respectively. A pipe 22 passes through the vertical part of the pipe 16, having at its lower end a connecting bowl 23 located opposite the connecting bowl .15. The pipe 22 is provided with a pressure-reducing valve 24 serving as a control for setting the injection pressure. One of the connecting bowls 11 and 17 has a smaller diameter and is installed in the other through a sealing
    ring in such a way that the two connecting pieces can be rotated relative to each other. The same applies to another pair of connecting bowls 15 and 23.
     The device works as follows.
    The heavy oil, which is the raw material for thermal cracking, is fed to the reactor 1 through the inlet pipe 25.
    0 Superheated steam having a temperature of 400-2000 ° C is introduced into the reactor through the inlet pipe 26. During the cracking process, a fluid, such as nitrogen gas or water vapor,
    5 inert with respect to
    to the decomposition reactions of heavy oils, is fed into the main injection pipe 2 through the pipe 18 and is ejected through the nozzles 4, thereby preventing clogging of them by feeding raw materials into the reactor 1. At this stage, the rotation of the main injection pipe 2 is not necessary.
    5 A portion of the heavy oil fed to the reactor is supplied at a predetermined pressure, for example 1 kg / cm, through pipe 22 to the auxiliary injection pipe 3, the preliminary pressure reducing valve 24 passes, and then is ejected through the ring pipe 13 to the outer surface of the main injection pipe 2. Thus, off-grip surface
    5 of the main injection pipe 2 is kept moist and the emissions of heavy oil occurring during its bubbling, can neither settle on it nor harden. Formed
    Q During the cracking process, gases and
    the inert gas is discharged through the outlet 27, the reaction products are discharged through the outlet 28. At the end of the cracking of the loaded 3 reactor raw materials, the reaction products are discharged through the outlet 28 and the valve 20 is closed, stopping the supply of inert gas through the nozzles 4. At that At the same time, valve 21 opens, feeding a portion of heavy oil,
    intended for subsequent refilling of the reactor, from pipe 19 to pipe 16. Heavy oil under high pressure, for example 20 kg / cm, is jets thrown through nozzles 4 onto the inner surfaces of reactor walls 1. When heavy oil is ejected, the main injection pipe is rotated drive gear and gears 12. Thus, coke precipitated
    on the inner surfaces of the walls of the reactor 1 during the cracking reaction, is removed and discharged through the discharge pipe 29. Since the precipitated coke is removed after the cracking of each refueling, the amount of
    small and can not cause blockage of the discharge pipe 29. As soon as the cleaning of coke from the walls of the reactor ends, the rotation of the main injection pipe 2 stops and the valve 21 closes, stopping the supply of heavy oil to the nozzles 4. The valve 20 opens at the same time and feed an inert fluid into the main injection pipe 2 until the cracking process is completed — an alternate charge.
    Fig. 2 shows a device for removing coke, comprising a drive mechanism 30 mounted above the reactor and designed to rotate the pipe and move it in the vertical direction. A drive shaft (not shown) of the drive mechanism is connected through the piston 31 to the upper end of the injection pipe located in the cavity of the reactor 1. The cylinder 32 is mounted on the reactor 1 and is designed to supply cleaning heavy oil to the injection pipe and simultaneously seal the upper part of the reactor.
    The drive mechanism 30 includes an electric motor and a reduction gear for rotating and displacing the injection pipes in the vertical direction by means of a drive shaft. The drive mechanism 30 is provided with a control circuit for successively controlling rotation and movement in the vertical direction of the injector pipe.
    The drive mechanism is designed in such a way that the radial and shock loads applied to it are perceived by him. This design of the drive mechanism ensures its compactness.
    The injector pipe is located in the reactor and has essentially the same design as the injection pipe in the specified embodiment. However, in the second embodiment, the location of the auxiliary injection pipe has some differences. In particular, as in the first embodiment, the auxiliary injection pipe 3 passes through the center through the main injection pipe 2 to the bend, in the place of which the auxiliary injection pipe 3 emerges through the wall of the main injection pipe 2. The lower end of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 projecting from the main injection pipe 2 extends and opens in the direction of the curved section 33 of the main injection pipe, which at this point is bent in order to be located in close proximity to the inner surface of the walls. reactor 1. The open end of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 is positioned in such a way that the heavy oil evenly spreads over the entire outer surface of the main injection pipe 2. In this embodiment, the heavy oil is poured onto the surface of the main injection pipe 2 under its own weight or if necessary, it is supplied under pressure. The free end 34 of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 can be wound in the form of a spiral around the surface of the main injection pipe (the variant shown in FIG. 3). In such a construction, the open end of the auxiliary injection pipe is kept at a constant position relative to the main injection pipe 2, compensating for its thermal deformation. The main injector tube 2, located in the cavity of reactor 1, must be made of a light material, as it is exposed to high temperatures of vibrations caused by the reaction of ejected jets during coke deposits and the dynamic moment resulting from the eccentricity of the main and auxiliary injection pipes 2 and 3. For example, part of the injection pipe 2 located in the reactor can be made of carbon steel. It is possible to make the main injection pipe with a split or collapsing lower part of the upper straight portion, but such an implementation is not preferable due to these influencing factors. The nozzles 4 are located on the main injection pipe 2 as in the first embodiment.
    The main and auxiliary injection pipes 2 and 3 and the piston 31 are welded as follows. The piston 31 has on its lower surface an axial bore 35 of the same diameter as the inner diameter of the main injection pipe 2. The bore 35 through the bottom channel 36 is connected to the chamber 37 for heavy low pressure oil. The straight pipe section, which passes into the auxiliary injection pipe 3, passes through a through hole made in the lower part of the curved section of the main injection pipe 2, and the upper end of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 is connected to the bottom channel 36. The outer perimeter of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 is welded to the bottom of the hole 35. The upper end of the main injection pipe 2 is located opposite the lower end of the piston 31 and is welded to it. The auxiliary injection pipe 3 is welded to the main injection pipe 2 along the entire outer perimeter where it leaves the bent part of the main injection pipe, and the protruding end of the lower auxiliary injection pipe is bent.
    Cylinder 32 is installed in reactor 1 to supply high and low pressure heavy oil to main and auxiliary injection pipes 2 and 3 and to seal the upper part of reactor 1, and also to prevent the leakage of flammable gases or other substances, including heated bitumen. A cylinder 32 having a bottom wall 38 extending from the bottom side of the base into the cavity of the reactor 1 forms the lower steam chamber 39 around the main injection pipe 2. The cylinder 32 together with the surfaces of the piston 31 forms a high pressure chamber 37 for heavy oil under low pressure and the upper steam chamber 40. These chambers are sealed by piston rings 4i located in the respective sections of the piston. The upper vapor chamber 40 is separated from the atmosphere and sealed with a seal 42 and a sealing bushing 43. The bottom wall 38 of the lower steam chamber 39 is provided with a cylindrical vibration damping element 44, which dampens the vibrations of the main injection pipe 2.
    Chamber 45 for heavy oil under high pressure of cylinder 32 is connected to main injection pipe 2 through openings 46 and receives heavy oil supply under high pressure in direction B for injection through nozzles 4 of main injection pipe 2 to inner surfaces of reactor walls 1.
    A chamber 37 for heavy oil under low pressure is connected to an auxiliary injection pipe 3, which receives heavy oil under low pressure along direction F for its injection from the lower end of the auxiliary injection pipe 3 to the outer surface of the main injection pipe 2. Lower and upper steam pipes chambers 39 and 40 receive steam supply in direction B to ensure rotational and vertical movement of the injection pipe, complete sealing of gases and heavy oil in reactor 1 and sealing of chambers 45 and 37 for heavy oil high and low pressure, and the chambers are sealed with the help of a piston ring 41 and a seal 42 T. The desired oil can be supplied by degrading the rotational and vertical movement of the injection pipes.
    The operation of this variant differs from the operation of the first variant.
    in that the steam is continuously supplied from direction B to the corresponding steam chambers. During the cracking process, heavy oil under low pressure is supplied to the secondary injection pipe 3 to maintain the surface of the main injection pipe 2 in a humidified state.
    The main injection pipe is rotated and heavy oil
    is sprayed onto the inner surfaces of the reactor 1. This variant of: is also different in that the main injection pipe 2 rises after it performs: one turn.
    Raising the main injection pipe 2 shifts the arrangement of the upward and downward nozzles 4 relative to the inner surfaces of the reactor 1. It is preferable to lift the main
    the injection pipe 2 at a distance corresponding to the intervals between the individual nozzles 3, which ensures complete removal of the deposited coke. In this embodiment, the drive shaft
    has a full stroke equal to
    100 mm, while the nozzles 4 are farther apart by a distance equal to or less than 100 mm. To work under normal conditions such
    the variation is satisfactory. Drive shaft raises each. c by a value of 1/3 of its full stroke, which can be accomplished, for example, by controlling the rotation with a tachometer capable of responding to the number of oropiTOB.
    The rotational and vertical movements of the main injection pipe 2 under normal conditions are carried out in turn, but can be performed simultaneously.
    Instead of moving the main injection pipe using the drive mechanism of the drive 30, it is possible to actuate the piston in the cylinder by creating fluid pressure, for example by moving the piston 31 up and down it is possible to carry out
    controlling the pressure of steam supplied to the upper and lower steam chambers 40 and 39.
    Thus, coke deposited on the internal surfaces of the reactor
    is removed by jets of hot, heavy oil under high pressure, supplied as a cleaning fluid through the nozzles of the main injection pipe to allow
    unceasing, in the reactor, the cracking reactions of the feedstocks fed to it. In this case, the feed pipe is also fed through an aid injection pipe.
    the role of cleaning fluid for external.
    surface of the main injection pipe.
    Feeding the feedstock through the auxiliary injection pipe to the surface of the main injection pipe allows the surface to be kept moist and prevents the deposition of its coke.
    Rotational; and the vertical translational motion of the nozzles of the main injection pipe in the cavity of the reactor increases the area covered by the streams of cleaning fluid and provides a better quality of coke deposits. During rotation and vertical movement of the assembly of the injector pipe, the leakage of gases and fire-hazardous hot bitumen from the reactor is completely prevented by seals, which are very simple in design, easy to maintain and are available for condition monitoring.
    in case auxiliary-. The injector pipe is coiled around the main injection pipe and easily adapts to the thermal lengthening of the main injection pipe, which is exposed to high temperatures. Installing a vibration damper on the main injection pipe prevents vibrations of the part that is equipped with nozzles, and makes rotational and vertical translational movements smoother, thereby providing more
    thorough removal of coke deposits and washing.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    Claims. 1. A device for removing coke deposits in a reactor for thermal cracking of heavy oil oils comprising a main injection pipe installed in a reactor with rotational potential and having a series of nozzles arranged along a straight vertical section located near the inner surface of the reactor wall, characterized by By the fact that, in order to increase reliability by reducing the coke deposits on the injection pipe, the device contains an additional injection pipe, the output end of which is located above the th vertical portion of the main injector tube.
    [2]
    2. The POP.1 device, DIFFERENT, with the fact that the end part of the auxiliary and injected pipe is spirally wound around the main injection pipe.
    [3]
    3. The device according to Claim 1, about tl and so that the lower end of the auxiliary injection pipe is equipped with an annular nozzle surrounding the main injection pipe.
    Sources of information taken into account in the examination
    1. USSR patent for application number 2416107 / 23-26, cl. C 10 G 9/12, 1975.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA1108083A|1981-09-01|
    US4224108A|1980-09-23|
    FR2379595A1|1978-09-01|
    DE2804369A1|1978-08-17|
    JPS53107651U|1978-08-29|
    DE2804369B2|1980-09-25|
    IT1092396B|1985-07-12|
    FR2379595B1|1980-08-29|
    JPS5414749Y2|1979-06-16|
    IT7819989D0|1978-02-03|
    DE2804369C3|1981-10-08|
    GB1588821A|1981-04-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2531395C2|2009-05-04|2014-10-20|Флоусерв Менеджмент Компани|Improved nozzles for equipment intended for decoking by fluid jet|
    RU2573833C2|2010-06-28|2016-01-27|Дженерал Электрик Компани|Method of carbon transformation, cracking of hydrocarbons and device for cracking of hydrocarbons|US1783257A|1924-07-17|1930-12-02|Universal Oil Prod Co|Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons|
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    US2326525A|1940-08-28|1943-08-10|Standard Oil Co|Method of preventing deleterious coke deposits|
    FR855970A|1944-05-25|1940-05-24|Process for cleaning the tubes of heavy gasoline oil distillation furnaces, boilers and others|
    GB1097762A|1963-12-12|1968-01-03|British Titan Products|Device for use in oxidation of metal halides|
    US3836434A|1972-03-27|1974-09-17|Great Lakes Carbon Corp|Process for decoking a delayed coker|
    CA993161A|1974-07-24|1976-07-20|Joseph M. Emond|Tank cleaning apparatus|
    US3985572A|1974-11-04|1976-10-12|Georgia-Pacific Corporation|Automatic spray cleaning apparatus and method|
    JPS565434B2|1975-10-22|1981-02-04|US4302423A|1978-04-19|1981-11-24|Phillips Petroleum Company|Apparatus and method for producing carbon black|
    US4294271A|1979-11-30|1981-10-13|Dexon, Inc.|Apparatus for removing deposited matter from a diffusion tube|
    US5518607A|1984-10-31|1996-05-21|Field; Leslie A.|Sulfur removal systems for protection of reforming catalysts|
    US5080720A|1990-06-11|1992-01-14|Titmas And Associates Incorporated|Method and apparatus for cleaning the annulus formed by concentric pipes|
    US5151112A|1990-07-24|1992-09-29|Pike Daniel E|Pressure generator/gas scrubber|
    FR2716458B1|1994-02-22|1996-04-12|Inst Francais Du Petrole|Decoking process and device.|
    US5902485A|1994-10-03|1999-05-11|Amersham Pharmacia Biotech Ab|Access valve devices, their use in separation apparatus and corresponding methods|
    US5932089A|1997-01-24|1999-08-03|Atlantic Richfield Company|Petroleum coker cooling method with minimum coke drum stress|
    DE19711020A1|1997-03-17|1998-09-24|Basf Ag|Polymerization reactor|
    SE0100714D0|2000-07-13|2001-02-28|Ap Biotech Ab|Reaction vessel and method for distributing fluid in such a vessel|
    US8002951B2|2008-09-05|2011-08-23|Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc.|Furnace and process for incinerating a decoke effluent in a twin-tube-plane furnace|
    US8137476B2|2009-04-06|2012-03-20|Synfuels International, Inc.|Secondary reaction quench device and method of use|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    JP1977011555U|JPS5414749Y2|1977-02-04|1977-02-04|
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