• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention concerns a device for simultaneously performing alignment and sighting operations relative to an adjusted vanishing line, and includes a light source, a bundle of parallel light, which is split into two partial light beams. Two identically constructured photo-electric transducer units are arranged one in each of the partial light beams. A subsequent electronic evaluation logic is connected to the photocells of said photoelectric transducer unit for evaluation of deviations from a desired aligned and sighting state. To this purpose identically located photocells in the two photoelectric transducer units are electrically connected to first difference amplifiers and diametrally opposed photocells in each photoelectric transducer unit are connected to first difference amplifiers followed by third difference amplifiers and to second difference amplifiers, respectively.
    公开号:SU958854A1
    申请号:SU787770332
    申请日:1978-10-26
    公开日:1982-09-15
    发明作者:Криг Вернер
    申请人:Феб Карл Цейс Йена (Инопредприятие)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS MISSION OF MESHEAD AND DIRECTION
    The invention relates to a measuring device for simultaneously measuring the misalignment and the direction in which the measured values of the misalignment deviations and the directions relative to the established measurement axis are in the form of an electrical analog signal. The misalignment and directional measurement device works in conjunction with a light source that sends out a parallel beam of light rays. The possibilities of its use and its radius of action depend on the power of the light source. Measuring devices of various versions are known, which combine the functions of an instrument for measuring misalignment and control. The description of the invention to the economic patent DD18222 contains the description of the device for measuring the misalignment and the direction of the classical type, with which it is possible to carry out various measurements, although with a single device, but only alternately. The measuring head consists of a system of optic tubes with a lens, an ocular tube and a plate (line reproduction) in the rear focal plane of the lens. On the measuring head there is a reinforced mirror with a cross marking. When measuring the misalignment of the lens is set so that the mirror is in the plane of the object. The marking of the cross on the mirror is then displayed in the image plane from the lens onto the plates (dashed reproduction). Each deviation from the coincidence of both markings can be recognized and evaluated with the help of an ocular as a deviation from alignment. When measuring the direction, the optical system is also used, only the lens is focused at infinity. Into the course of the rays of the telescope is introduced by the influx of risk, and after reflection in the mirror the subject of risk is again displayed on the plate (line reproduction). Each tilting of the mirror leads to a deviation from the coincidence of both risks and can be measured as a deviation of the direction. This principle of autocollimation is also applied in the description of the invention SV 416556. The measuring head is constructed similarly, and the lens can be focused selectively either on the reflective system of the measured object, or on infinity. Reflective system with this version is formed separately. It contains a lens, an eyepiece and two mirrors. Such a double mirror system makes it possible to detect the occurrence of two superimposed images of scratches already in the reflecting system, both in the measurement of the direction and in the measurement of the misalignment. The image and evaluation takes place in the usual way in the measuring head of the device. Both measuring systems have disadvantages. The measurement of misalignment and direction can only be carried out alternately and the focal length of the lens should be changed when switching from one type of measurement to another (take into account the distance between the object being measured and the measuring head). Instruments for measuring the misalignment and direction, which allow both measurements at the same time, are also known. In the descriptions of inventions DD 86508 and GB 841165, devices with two lens systems are presented. One of the lenses is focused on the mirror of the object or on the intersection of the object, while the B measuring head determines the deviation from the axis of the lens by comparing with the fixed dividing line. The second lens is used to evaluate the parallel course of the beam. The estimated images of scratches lie in the same plane of the image on top of each other or in the vicinity. Both measurement systems are relatively complex, since the principle of operation of a conventional misalignment and directional measurement instrument remains almost unchanged. In addition to the possibility of simultaneous measurement, all other disadvantages remain or even increase. So the necessary halving of the light intensity necessarily negatively affects the accuracy of the distance to be achieved. In the description of the invention to patent DE OS 1548480, a misalignment measurement instrument is presented which uses a laser light source and prefers visual photoelectric estimation of the measurement result instead of visual. The laser light beam hits a photoelectric receiver subdivided into four quadrants and each deviation of the light beam from the center of the quadrant photodetector causes a change in the photocurrent in separate photoelectric converters. The magnitude of the change is a measure for measuring the misalignment. If the photocurrent in one transducer increases, it decreases in the opposite transducer. Therefore, to simplify the electronic circuit, these elements are connected to the elements of the formation of the difference. Similarly, the misalignment of the light beam in other measuring devices, which are presented in the patent specifications DE AS 2000828 and DE OS 1911956 and GB 1178007, is assessed. The description of the invention to DE OS 2208004 shows the arrangement of the transducers in a bridge circuit. In its operation, this scheme does not differ from the elements of the formation of a difference. All known electronic estimation schemes are only a substitute for the usual visual determination of measured values in the measurement of misalignment and direction. They do not concern the principle of operation of the measuring device. It is necessary to find a simple optical design for the misalignment gauge and direction for the rapid and simultaneous determination of measured values for several coordinates and for high service comfort. The measuring device must provide measurements also for large measurable distances. The invention is based on the task of replacing part of the optical determination of the measured value with an estimate by means of electronic means. In a device for simultaneous measurement of misalignment and direction containing a light source focused on infinitely. A beam of light rays, a measuring head consisting of a misalignment meter and a beam misalignment meter measuring the misalignment of the beam splitter for filtering another beam path in the measuring plane a misalignment meter is a photoelectric conversion unit, the converters of which are electrically separated from each other and arranged in a transformation plane, evaluation of the misalignment of the transducers is connected to an electronic evaluation circuit; in the measuring plane of the filtered ray path, another identically assembled photoelectric conversion unit is located; The inputs of these first difference forming elements are electrically connected to estimate the deviation There is a known electronic evaluation circuit, the inputs of which are electrically connected to the outputs of the first difference forming elements. The evaluation schemes have the same structure and contain two elements of the formation of a difference, the inputs of which are respectively connected to diametrically opposite converters or the first elements of the formation of the difference. which are connected to respectively diametrically opposite converters of both photoelectric conversion units. The first elements of the formation of the difference also contain gain control elements for matching information channels or for calibrating the indicator of the measured value. The photoelectric conversion units preferably consist of four transducers formed as circular segments. Immediately in front of each converter are annular diaphragms. In one design of the device, the misalignment meter is made in the form of a telescope, in the image plane of which the photoelectric conversion unit is located, and in a filtered out-of-plane beam path, the image relating to this optical beam travel is located in the second photoelectric conversion unit. In the focal plane of the lens of the telescope there is a diaphragm with a hole. In another design without an optical lens system during the course of the misalignment meter, the photoelectric conversion unit is located at an optically shorter distance behind the entrance pupil of the measuring head than the photoelectric conversion unit in the filtered course of the rays. The light beam focused on infinity consists preferably of a laser beam optically expanded in diameter. The advantage of the invention is that with a simple and reliable optical design and relatively low cost of circuit elements of construction, a quick and accurate determination of the measured values by two coordinates is provided for measuring both misalignment and direction. The measurement result can be made visible or recorded for further evaluation and application. The use of an expanded laser beam of light in connection with an annular diaphragm in front of photoelectric converters brings the advantage that photoelectric converters are located inside the light beam in the region of the largest changes in brightness. This provides high measurement sensitivity. For alignment of the measured object and the measuring head, complex adjustment work is not required. As soon as the light beam is covered by the measuring head, the measurement can be started directly after setting to zero. FIG. 1 shows the optical and electronic part of the measuring head of the misalignment gauge and directional gauge according to the invention; on fis. 2 is another kind of optical part. The entire misalignment and direction gauge consists of a light source (not shown) that sends a parallel beam of light rays from the measuring head 1 to determine the measured values. The measuring head 1 in turn contains an optical part and an electronic circuit system. To measure the misalignment, in the optical part of the measuring head 1 there is a system of telescopes consisting of an objective 2, an aperture 3 with an aperture, an ocular 4, an annular diaphragm 5 and a photoelectric conversion unit 6. In the course of the beams of the telescope, there is a beam splitter 7 for filtering out another beam path. In the filtered beam path, there are aperture 8 with an aperture, an annular aperture 9 and a photoelectric conversion unit 10. To align the measuring head 1, the optical axis of the telescope is first aligned exactly with the axis of the parallel beam of light rays. The telescope is made so that the plane of the object lies in close proximity to the inlet of the measuring head 1, and the photoelectric conversion unit 6 lies in the image plane belonging to it. The plane of the object is the plane in parallel with the rays, which is depicted in the image plane. The measurement plane characterizes the position of the photoelectric conversion unit b. The torsion of the measuring head 1 around its inlet does not affect the photoelectric conversion unit 6. By this photoelectric conversion unit 6, only deviations from alignment can be determined. An annular diaphragm 5 directly in front of the photoelectric conversion unit B ensures high measurement sensitivity, since it is located inside the beam of light rays in the region of the greatest intensity change. The largest deviations from alignment cause in the conversion unit 6 already a large change in the photocurrent. The prerequisite is a beam of light rays with an uneven distribution of intensity over the radius, for example, as is the case with a laser light source. For enhanced directional stability, an extended laser light beam is used. Due to this, it is possible to measure large measured distances with a small divergence of the beam of light rays without changing the light ratio of the photoelectric conversion unit b.
    Diagram 3 with a hole in the focal plane of the lens 2, as well as the diaphragm 8 with a hole in the filtered part of the beam path, serves to eliminate the effects of scattered light. In part of the ray path beyond the focal plane, but outside the plane of the image of this ray path, the photoelectric conversion unit 10 is located. The measurement plane is selected so that the diameter of the part of the beam of light at this place corresponds to the diameter of the beam of rays at the conversion block 6. This brings the added advantage that both blocks b and 10 transformations can have the same design and the same size. The object plane related to the position of the conversion unit 10 lies far in front of the inlet of the measuring head 1. In the conversion unit 10, this fictitious object plane is displayed. This causes the beam of light rays to shift from the center of the conversion unit 10 during misalignment and deviations. direction of the measuring head 1.
    Conversion blocks 6 and 10 consist respectively of converters that are regularly arranged in the transformation plane. In block 6, the converters are converters 11, 12, 13, and 14 in the form of circular segments. Block 10 is assembled in the same way and contains converters -15, 16, 17, and 18. Due to this division into four circular segments, it is possible to determine the position of the beam of light rays in the measurement plane. The transform plane and the measurement plane are identical here. If, for example, the beam of light shifts upward on the conversion unit, then the photocurrent in converter 12 rises, while in converter 14 it decreases. An estimate of the misalignment and conversion of the measurement values into electrical output signals takes place in the evaluation electronics 19 with differential amplifiers 20 and 21. With the misalignment, the differential amplifier 20 sends an electrical output signal that detects the change in offset in the y direction. For this, the outputs are connected to converters 12 and 14. The output signal y is zero if the photocurrent of converters 12 and 14 are the same in magnitude. Each equilibrium shift in favor of converter 12 or 14 causes either a positive or negative output signal y. The deviation from coaxiality in the x direction is determined in the same way by evaluating the photocurrents in converters 11 and 13. From the differential amplifier 21, the corresponding output signal x is obtained. Part of the beam on the photoelectric conversion unit 10 deviates from its average position, both when the measuring head 1 deviates from the direction and from the alignment. Every photocurrent change in
    converters 15, 16, 17, or 18 consist of a change based on directional deviations and a change based on misalignment deviations.
    But there are already results of measuring deviation from alignment. Due to the formation of the difference between the photo signals of those converters of both photoelectric conversion units 6 and 10, which are located at the same place on the transformation plane, it is possible to separate the terms from each other. For this, the evaluation electronics contains the first differential amplifiers 22 and 23, 24 and 25 and the subsequent evaluation circuit 26 with two differential amplifiers 27 and 28. The differential amplifier 22 is connected to the converter 11 and 16 and the output signal appears equivalent to the deviation of the direction of the measuring head 1 in the negative direction. The differential amplifier 23 determines from the photosignals of the transducers 13 and 18 a corresponding positive signal.
    The prerequisite for the correct formation of a difference is that the photosignals emanating from the unit 6 are exactly the same as those contained in the photosignal of the conversion unit 10 and the terms derived from the misalignment. If necessary, the positive or negative inputs of the differential amplifiers 22, 23, 24 and 25 can be evaluated in such a way that equality of signals is obtained.
    The outputs of the differential amplifiers 22 and 23 contain only information about the deviation of the direction of the measuring head 1. If the matching is established in the direction of the axis of the measuring head 1 and the beam of light rays, then both output signals are of the same magnitude. Parallel displacement of both axes has no effect. Only if the axes form an angle, then the component at that angle affects the output signals of the differential amplifiers 22 and 23. Depending on the direction of the angle, one signal increases and the other signal decreases. The formation of the difference in the differential amplifier 28 determines the signal in the direction. For this, the outputs of the differential amplifiers 22 and 23 are connected to the inputs of the differential amplifier 28.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    To determine the component of the deflection direction, transducers 12 and 15 are connected in the same way to differential amplifier 25, and transducers 14 and 15 to differential amplifier 24. From both output signals, the flow in differential amplifier 27 produces a signal in direction 5 Differential amplifiers 27 and 28 form together the rating scheme 26. FIG. 2 shows the optical part 29 of the misalignment gauge and direction in another design without optical lens systems. As a radiation source, a laser light source 30 is used, which forms a parallel beam of light rays. The diameter of the beam of light rays is matched with photovoltaic reception facilities. The light source 30 can be rigidly connected to the object of measurement, and a measuring head 29 is located at some distance on the measuring axis. The light source 30 and the measuring head 29 are also replaceable. The measuring head 29 contains a beam splitter 31, photoelectric conversion units 32 and 33, and annular diaphragms 34 and 35. Directly behind the inlet of the measuring head 29 during the beam of light rays is a beam splitter 31, which 1Y filters part of the beam path and directs photoelectric conversion unit 32. If only the distance from the inlet of the measuring head 29 to the conversion unit is very short, then the tilting of the measuring head 29 can only very slightly withdraw the beam of light rays from the established central position on the conversion unit 32. A deviation from coaxiality acts as its full magnitude. Thus, the conversion unit 32 serves to determine deviations from the co-axis. The conversion unit 33 is located in the filtered part of the ray path at a greater distance from the inlet of the measuring head 29. This greater distance results in the fact that the direction deviation is noticeably much stronger. The output signal again consists of the directional component and the coaxiality, since the misalignment also acts as in the conversion unit 32. Thus, the same ratios are again (as in Fig. 1}, and the measured values of the directional deviation and misalignment can be determined with the same electronic circuitry system, assuming that each of the photoelectric conversion units 32 and 33 consists of four quadrant transducers In front of blocks 32 and 33 of the light beam in the area of maximum intensity change, ring diaphragms 34 and 35 are located. As blocks 6, 10, 32 and 33 of the conversion, you can also use position-sensitive Photoelectric receivers with sensitivity depending on their position along the straight line. Formula 1. A device for simultaneous measurement of misalignment and direction, containing a light source, with a beam of light rays focused on infinity, a measuring head consisting of a misalignment meter and lying in the course of the beams, the misalignment tester of the beam splitter for filtering out another beam path, located in the measurement plane of the misalignment tester, photoelectric conversion unit The transducers of which are electrically separated from each other and arranged in the transformation plane, and an electronic evaluation circuit, characterized in that, in the measurement plane of the dT filtered beam path, another identical photoelectric conversion unit is located, to two corresponding transducers located at the same place on the transform plane m of both photoelectric conversion units are connected to the inputs of the first elements of the formation of the difference, the inputs of the electronic evaluation circuit, electrically connected s outputs with the first elements forming the difference.
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation schemes are made identical.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 2, wherein the evaluation circuits comprise second difference formation elements whose inputs are associated respectively with diametrically opposite transducers or first difference formation elements that correspond respectively to the diametrically opposite transducers of both photoelectric conversion units.
    [4]
    4. Device on PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the first difference shaping elements comprise amplification regulating elements.
    [5]
    5. Device on PP. 1-4, characterized in that each of the two photoelectric conversion units consists of four transducers formed as circular segments.
    [6]
    6. The device according to paragraphs. 1-5, characterized in that an annular diaphragm is located in front of each electrical conversion unit.
    [7]
    7. The device according to paragraphs. 1- &, characterized in that the misalignment meter is made in the form of a telescope, in the image plane of which the photoelectric conversion unit is located, and in the filtered course of the rays outside the image plane related to this optical path, the second photoelectric conversion unit is located.
    [8]
    8. The device according to claim 7. characterized by Tenvi, that in the focal plane of the lens of the telescope there is a diaphragm with a hole.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE2847718A1|1979-05-31|
    DD136070A1|1979-06-13|
    DD136070B1|1980-08-06|
    US4277169A|1981-07-07|
    FR2410249A1|1979-06-22|
    引用文献:
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    DE3814466A1|1988-04-28|1989-11-09|Busch Dieter & Co Prueftech|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETERMINING THE RELATIVE POSITION OF A REFERENCE AXIS OF AN OBJECT WITH REGARD TO A REFERENCE BEAM, ESPECIALLY A LASER BEAM|
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    ES2094447T3|1992-10-16|1997-01-16|Schenck Komeg Gmbh|DEVICE TO CALIBRATE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT OF THE SLOPE, CLAMPING AND INCLINATION ANGLES, IN THE WHEELS OF AUTOMOBILE VEHICLES ON A SUPPORT DEVICE.|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DD20222577A|DD136070B1|1977-11-24|1977-11-24|DEVICE FOR SIMULTANEOUS FLOW AND DIRECTION MEASUREMENT|
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