• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU880239A3
    申请号:SU792733598
    申请日:1979-03-01
    公开日:1981-11-07
    发明作者:Шарль Мишель Салмон Жан
    申请人:Лэтри Юбер Трибалла (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to dairy industry and relates to the production of casein.
    Casein is a protein complex that precipitates from milk at pH 4.6. His e also called isoelectric.
    A known method of producing casein from skim milk by introducing into it a coagulant reagent, such as hydrochloric acid, to establish a pH of 4.2-4.6, precipitating casein, separating the casein clot from whey and processing it to obtain freshly deposited casein [1]. If necessary, raw casein is dried ..
    With the use of a strong acid to coagulate milk proteins in casein clot and serum, there is an increased content of mineral substances. For further use of the serum formed in casein production in a known manner, it is necessary to carry out its demineralization and remove excess mineral substances. This is due to the fact that hydrochloric acid whey contains from 12 to 14% by weight of mineral substances and from about 7 30 1 to 8% and even more chlorides (in terms of solids).
    In addition, the treatment with milk with a strong acid can lead to the denaturation of a number of its valuable substances and to the entry of unnecessary mineral substances into the casein product, which it is desirable to remove from it.
    In the case of using acidic serum as a coagulant reagent in the production of casein by a known method, there is a need for containers for its fermentation, which complicates the production.
    The aim of the proposed method is to improve the quality of casein.
    This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the proposed method, comprising introducing into a skim milk a reagent-coagulant, for example hydrochloric acid, to a pH of 4.24.6, precipitation of casein, its separation. before serum reagent is introduced into milk, it is pre-acidified to pH 4.9-5.0 by contact with granules of a cation exchange resin of size 0,4τ 0.4 to 1.0 mm in Hi form with relative movement of milk and granules with its subsequent separation from the granules.
    Upon contact of milk with the resin, the latter exchanges its Η * cations for metal metal cations. Thus, anions do not get into milk during this treatment.
    “In order that the pH of the part of the milk in contact with the resin does not drop too quickly at the point of contact and does not coagulate on the resin, on one side the pH is reduced not lower than 4.7 (4.9-5.0), and on the other hand, they eliminate long-term contact between milk and resin by maintaining them in relative motion and forming a suspension of milk and resin, taken in the form of granules (balls).
    Classical cation exchange resins can be used as resins, for example, Rem Haas Duolit firm Diamond Alkali firm, Kuvet castell (styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with functional exchange groups), levagite ”, relit, perlite, etc.
    Considering the mechanical stresses to which the resins are subjected, it is preferable to use macroporous and more durable resins than resins of the gel type · (levatite ς 100 or duolit C:
    To obtain a suspension, the density of the resin should be close to the density of milk, for example, about 1.035. The size of the balls is preferably between 0.5 and 1 mm. It is important that the granule size is uniform, which ensures uniform distribution of the balls in skim milk and eliminates any local coagulation on a ball too heavy or on a ball too light, which is difficult to move with. stirring the suspension. Too light a ball will be on the surface of the suspension. Since then the balls should be separated from the milk, it is preferable that the balls are of sufficient size for the power of the sieve.
    The ratio of the weight to the weight of the balls varies depending on the duration of processing and mixing of the suspension. This is an attitude of topics. shorter, shorter processing times and shorter mixing. Usually this ratio is between 1/6 and 1/20. Good results are obtained with a ratio of from 80 to 100 ml per 1 liter of milk, stirring for 3 to 5 minutes using a magnetic stirrer. If necessary, mixing can be supplemented by intermittent air supply to the surface of the suspension in order to eliminate any pricing, especially in a large-capacity tank. Usually a duration of 1 to 30 minutes is sufficient.
    '20
    20).
    35, their separation from skim milk can significantly
    Satisfactory results are obtained by conducting operations between 4 and 50 seconds. Laboratory tests performed at 4, 10, 20, 40, 50 and 70 ° C turn out to be positive, but at a temperature above 50 ° C a number of fragile proteins may be denatured.
    Also known is a plant for the production of casein containing containers for skim milk and a coagulant reagent, a device for precipitating casein, separating casein clot from serum and its subsequent processing [2].
    When working on this installation, hydrochloric acid or acid serum is used as a coagulant reagent. This first case leads to the production of casein and serum with an excessive amount of minerals, and in the second to the need for a large number of containers for fermenting the serum of the coagulant reagent).
    The purpose of the proposed installation is to improve the quality of casein.
    To achieve this goal, in the proposed installation, containing containers for skim milk and a coagulant reagent, a device for precipitating casein, separating casein clot from serum and its subsequent processing, there is a container for granules of cation exchange resin, a container for preliminary acidification of skim milk by contacting it with granules of cation exchange resin, equipped with a mixer, pH meter and discharge device for the selective removal of milk or granules at the end of the process acidification, milk.
    It is advisable to provide the proposed installation with an additional capacity for granules of cation exchange resin, and install them in parallel with the possibility of alternate communication with the unloading device. The latter should be made in the form of a mesh bucket for granules, placed in a container for preliminary acidification of skim milk and equipped with a lift. In addition, a device for separating a casein clot from the serum from the whey exit side is connected to the granules.
    In Fig.1 schematically the proposed installation of casein; figure 2 preliminary acidification of skim milk, equipped with a mesh · bucket for granules; in Fig.Z - the same with a stirrer.
    The proposed installation for the production of casein contains containers 1 and 2 for granules of cation exchange resin and a container 3 for preliminary under containers for depicts a power reservoir for acidification of the original skim milk, equipped with a stirrer 4 for maintaining milk and granules of cation exchange resin in relative motion, with a pH meter 5 (see Fig. 3) and unloading device. The latter serves to selectively remove podkislen- 5 Nogo milk or pellets after acidification and closure process can be carried out in various ways. According to one of the options, this device is a mesh bucket for pellets installed in the tank 3 and equipped with a lift 7 (see figure 2). According to another variant, the device consists of an inclined sieve 8, mounted under the tank 3 and limiting from above the chamber 9 for acidified milk with side and bottom walls 10 and 11 (see Fig. 1).
    The installation also includes a container 12 for collecting acidified milk, which, through a piping system 13,14 and a pump 15, communicates with a chamber 9 for acidified milk, a casein precipitation device including a bath 16, a heat exchanger 17, a deaerator 13, a coagulation column 19 with a pipe 20 for supplying a coagulant reagent communicated with a container for the latter (not shown in the drawing); a device for separating a casein bunch from serum, consisting of an inclined sieve 21 and a raw casein bath 22, a device for further processing a casein clot containing a wash column 23, and a drying unit (not shown in the drawing).
    (0
    A device for separating a casein clot from the whey from the whey exit side through a pipe 40 24, a separator 25, a piping system 26, a concentrate concentrator 27 and a two-way valve 28 are connected to containers 1 and 2 for cation exchange resin granules. A bypass pipe 29, which is connected to a coagulation column 19, leaves the concentrator 27.
    The described method is carried out on the installation as follows. Skim milk is loaded into container 3. 3 In this case, container 1 is filled with a resin in the form of H + , and container 2 is filled with a resin saturated with metal ions. Sizes of resin granules from 0.4 to 1.0 mm. Connect the container 3 with 55, the container 1, opening the valve 30 so that the resin in the form of N + came through pipelines 31 and 32 into the container 3, while the stirrer 4 works. After some time, the pH of the milk in the container 3 becomes close to 5.0 (4.9-5 / 0). Open valve 33, and a mixture of milk (at a pH close to 5.0) and the resin in suspension in the milk flows through line 34 and accesses £ 5 em on sieve 8. From the resin, a residue forms on the sieve, which is sucked off by a pump 35 through the pipeline 36 and the branch 37 or 38 it is returned to the tank 1 or 2.
    Through a sieve 8, milk enters the chamber 9, passes through the pipe 14, is sucked up by the pump 15 and enters through the pipe 13 into the tank 12, and then through the pipe 39 to (the bath 16, from where it is sent via pipe 40 to the heat exchanger 17 for heating, is degassed in deaerator 18, and casein is precipitated in a coagulation column 19. A mixture of casein clot and whey through line 41 enters the sieve .21, where the whey is separated and enters line 24, and the raw casein enters the bath 22. From it, casein passes through the wash column 23 and it is fed into a horizontal separator 42, and then through a pipe 43 N to the dryer. The whey passes through a pipe 24, a separator 25, a pipe 26 and enters the container 2 with the resin to be regenerated. In this case, the valve 28 is in such a position that the container 1 she misses.
    . After the resin regeneration process in the container 2 is completed, the position of the valve 28 changes so that <acid whey begins to flow into the container 1.
    In the proposed installation, the washing column 23 may be smaller at the same capacity.
    Example 1. Place 1 liter of skim milk having a pH of 6.6 in a glass beaker equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a pH meter. Gradually, at 4 ° C, 10 ml of Levatite S100 resin, having granules from 0.4 to 0.98 mm in size, is added until the pH of the milk drops to 5.0, which takes 2-3 minutes. The acidified milk is then separated from the resin and acidified with diluted It until the casein clot precipitates.
    Next, casein is prepared in a classic way. The degree of alkalinity of the whey ash is 480 mg of Na ^ CO-j per 1 g of ash.
    Example 2. Repeat as in example 1, but the process is carried out at 50 ° C. Lower the pH of milk to 5.0 in 4 minutes.
    Example 3. In a tank with a capacity of 1000 l skim milk is mixed with a stirrer, rotating at a speed of 5-6 rpm Air is supplied in an intermittent manner, directing it to the surface of the milk, and 50 l of resin Dulit C 20 is introduced. The resin granules have a size of 0.5 to 1.0 mi. Duration of lowering the pH of milk to
    4.9 is 4 to 5 minutes.
    The whey formed in the casein production by the proposed method differs from the whey obtained by the known method in a lower total mineral content (from 8 to 9% instead of 11 to 14%) and chloride content (expressed in NaCt) below 3.5% instead of from 6 to 8%, and lower in sodium, potassium, and calcium.
    Sodium and potassium are less. 1% and 3%, respectively, and calcium from 1.5 to 2%. Thus, the aggregate of sodium, potassium, and calcium in serum is lower than 5%, which does not occur in hydrochloric acid whey.
    Below are given for comparison the results of analyzes of certain sera 'obtained in the implementation of the method for producing casein by the hydrochloric acid route and the method with acidification of skim milk with a cation exchange resin.
    1. The properties of whey upon receipt of casein by a known method:
    ^ Acidity
    Dornika40-50 pH4-4.4
    Minerals (in terms of solids),% 11-14
    Alkalinity of ash, mg Ma ^ COg300
    Chlorides (expressed as NaCC),% 6-8
    Sodium,% 0.7-1.2
    Potassium,% 2.4-3
    Calcium,% 1.7-2.2
    2. The properties of whey upon receipt of casein by the proposed method
    Acidity, 0 Dornica 40 pH. 4.2-4.4
    Minerals,% 8-9
    Alkalinity of ash, mg Na 2 CO3300
    Chlorides (expressed in CEEC),% 3.5
    Sodium,% 1.0
    Potassium,% 3.0
    Calcium,% 1.5-2
    For milk with a given salt composition, acidification with resins makes it possible to obtain whey with a much lower total mineral content, weaker acidity, a much lower chloride content, a weaker content of Na, K and Ca, since during the exchange of H + ions at By acidifying the milk, it loses sodium, potassium and calcium, which pass to the resin.
    On improving the quality of casein; obtained by the proposed method, in comparison with caseinbm (C), prepared according to the known technology using hydrochloric acid, we can conclude based on the following data. When studying solubility for casein (R), 15% of dissolved nitrided materials were found, and for casein (c), 9%, i.e. casein (R) is more soluble than casein (C). As a result of enzymatic proteolysis of casein (R) and casein (C), it was found that the first of them is more susceptible to enzymatic proteolysis. When studying the viscosity of casein (R) and casein (C), the first had a higher viscosity than the second. So at pH 10, the viscosity of casein (R) 31, casein (C) 23.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. New in technology of food casein and caseinates. Survey information, Seri: Milk industry, M., TsNIITEI somolprom, 1971, p.5-10.
    [2]
    2. Sokolov A.L., Koneva O.I., Heinstein G.Sh., Perenechko A.V., Yanpunas V.A. Creating a continuous line for production
    casein raw on the basis of coagulation and prokvvki in the stream. Milk production, No. 1, 1975, p.10. fl t CM sL. e AND {% Ss x g I o
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
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    FR7806006A|FR2418626B1|1978-03-02|1978-03-02|
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