• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    There is provided a method for generating an acoustic impulse by propelling, at a very-high velocity, along a predetermined trajectory, a main liquid jet into a liquid body. The jet is propelled by a force field which is stopped substantially instantaneously. For very high-power impulses the jet's kinetic energy is such as to create a cavity followed by an implosion in the liquid body. Preferably the main liquid jet is split into at least two branch liquid jets which are deflected. Each branch jet can also have sufficient kinetic energy to create an implosion. The generator comprises a housing defining a slug chamber which, when the housing is submerged in the liquid body, entraps a liquid slug therein. The slug chamber has an exit port communicating with the liquid body. Means are coupled to the liquid slug for propelling a main liquid jet along a predetermined trajectory. Desirably the generator also includes jet splitting means for splitting the main liquid jet into at least two branch liquid jets, and diverting means for diverting the branch liquid jets in a plane which is inclined relative to the trajectory of the main jet.
    公开号:SU858580A3
    申请号:SU762345908
    申请日:1976-04-16
    公开日:1981-08-23
    发明作者:П.Паску Адриен；Дави Шадвик
    申请人:Сосьете Пур Ле Девелоппеман Де Ля Решерш Апплике (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    inside a strongly shielding cylinder, the occurrence of a reactive jolt, which causes a strong weakening of the structure, in order to prevent its harmful influence, and the occurrence of cavitation effects, which also cause an increase in the strength of the structure.  The purpose of the invention is the creation of a generator with greater power, ease of construction and the absence of a cavitation effect on its parts, moreover, the elimination of the reactive effect that occurs when the generator operates.  The generator discharges a jet of water under high pressure and at high speed into the surrounding water.  Rather, it is not even a jet, but a liquid pool (or several bullets), which flies out of the generator cavity and explodes at a distance from it.  The explosion occurs due to the fact that the pressure inside this bullet is significantly higher than the pressure of the surrounding water.  Thus, an acoustic pulse occurs not inside the generator, but outside, which significantly increases its power and eliminates cavitation.  The goal is achieved by the fact that the generator is a structure consisting of two cylinders placed in the same housing and arranged vertically on the same axis.  Inside the cylinders are pistons connected by a common rod.  The upper cylinder and piston serve to set the lower piston in motion, for which compressed air or another inert gas is supplied to the upper cylinder by means of a valve system.  The lower cylinder is provided with a special structure by an outlet window located in the lower end part of the cylinder.  In the initial position, the lower cylinder is filled with water, which is thrown out through this outlet window to form a liquid bullet.  The opening window is formed by a conical rim that runs along the internal surface of the lower edge of the cylinder, and the section area of the window is significantly smaller than the area of the internal section of the cylinder itself.  This side has a piston seat, working at the end of its path like a valve closing an outlet port.   The closure of the outlet port51 occurs due to the special configuration of the lower part of the piston, which repeats the configuration of the outlet port and has a special protrusion that fits tightly into the window.  The upper part of the lower cylinder also has a window of construction similar to that of the lower exhaust window.  The upper part of the lower piston is designed so that its configuration corresponds to the configuration of the upper window, the cross-sectional area is also much smaller than the bottom of the lower section of the cylinder.  Through this upper window, the lower cylinder communicates with the upper window and puddles the window to abruptly transfer the pressure of the compressed gas to the lower piston.  The upper cylinder consists of three glasses, concentrically inserted one into the other so that the inner glass serves as a guide for the upper piston, the middle one is a compressed gas collector moving the upper piston, the outer one is a compressed gas collector acting on the lower piston.  The design of the upper cylinder may be different, since this cylinder serves mainly to move the lower, working piston and, therefore, its design does not affect the principle of operation of the generator.  The proposed construction makes it possible, as it were, to roll a long upper cylinder and make the structure more compact.  One of the most important parts of the generator is the deflector, which is put on the outlet window of the lower cylinder.  It is a damper that prevents the rectilinear movement of a jet of water that is being diverted from the generator.  The damper is provided with holes dividing this jet at least into two, oppositely directed at an angle of up to 90 ° to the generator axis, the jet.  This device eliminates one of the most important drawbacks of the known Structures — the reactive recoil of the jet.  The generator is also provided with a valve located in the upper part of the generator and serving to switch the supply of compressed gas that controls the movement of the pistons.  The valve consists of a small cylinder and a piston rod that acts as a valve.  The rod extends at its lower end into the cavity of the upper cylinder and moves upward at the moment when the upper piston moves to the upper end position and rests with its upper part to the lower part of the valve stem.  FIG. Figures 1–4 show cuts on the side of one of the variants of the generator, showing the different positions of its elements during operation and the configuration of the water jets produced by the generator; in fig. 5 — breakthrough of ambient water into a spherical cavity formed inside the expanding liquid in FIG. b - effect of recoil of an inward directed explosion; Fig. 7 shows the effect of elastic compression caused by the beveled surfaces of the piston and the exhaust port; in fig. 8 shows the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the outlet port and the speed of the water jet produced in FIG. 9.11 - generator equipped with a deflector, cut; in fig. 10 is a section A-A in FIG. 9; in fig. 12 - times cut BB in FIG. eleven; in fig. 13 — generator and cavities formed in the main and split jets; in fig. 14, the same cavities as in FIG. 13, top view; in fig. 15 - generator with deflector at the moment of raising the piston; in fig.  16 is a generalized pressure waveform obtained by means of a pulse generator; in fig. 17 - the same, average variant; in fig. 18 a controlled waveform at a predetermined distance from the explosion site for a generator without a deflector; in fig. 19 shows a controlled waveform at a predetermined distance from the explosion site for a generator with a baffle; FIG. 20 is the curve of the direct wave obtained by means of a generator with a deflector; in fig. 21 - direct wave curve near the explosion site after reflection from the water surface; in fig. 22 is the curve of the waveform in the vicinity of the explosion site; in fig. 23 is a pressure curve obtained from a generator without an expansion chamber; in fig. 24 is a pressure curve for a generator with an expansion chamber; in fig. 25 illustrates the use of an apparatus for conducting seismic exploration under water; on fi-g. 26 using a device for splitting and deflecting a stream of steam for generators operating on superheated steam.  Acoustic generator (FIG. 1-4) includes a housing 1 consisting of an upper cylinder 2 and a lower cylinder 3 The lower cylinder is provided with seats 4 and 5 for the corresponding upper and lower parts of the lower piston b located in the lower cylinder 3.  The saddles form the upper 7 and lower 8 windows, which have sloping surfaces corresponding to the shape of the upper and lower parts of the piston 6.  The piston 6 is equipped with a sealing ring 9.  The upper cylinder consists of two concentric glasses of the inner 10 and intermediate 11, which are also concentrically inserted into the outer glass, which is the body of the cylinder 3.  The inner cup 10 forms a chamber 12 in which the upper piston 13 is fitted, equipped with a sealing ring 14.  The upper and lower pistons are interconnected by a rigid rod IS. The upper part of the chamber 12 of the inner cup 10 has a vent hole 16 which is connected to the seawater, an opening (with seal) 17 for the passage of the rod 18 of the valve 19, and a version 20 for communication valve 21 (preferably electromagnetic) with ks1mera 22, formed by the outer wall of the upper cylinder 2 and the intermediate Cup 11.  The upper part of the chamber 23 formed by the walls of the inner cup 10 and the intermediate cup 11 has an opening 24 for communication with the upper part of the valve 19 and with the compressor 25 supplying compressed air through the valve 26 to the generator.  The chamber 22 may communicate with the cavity 27 of the lower cylinder (Fig. 2), formed by the lowering piston b, through the window 7.  The communicating chambers 12 and 23 are isolated from the chamber 22 with a special seal 28.  In addition, the chamber 22 has an opening 29 through which it communicates with the lower part of the valve 19 and the compressor 25.  The cavity 27 of the lower cylinder has an opening 30 through which it communicates with the seawater through the expansion chamber 31 and a small air vent 32 in the expansion chamber itself.  33 - the main stream of water produced by the generator, 33. 1 - 33. 4 branched jets of water, 34 - the main internal cavity, 34. 1-34. 4 side cavities.  The generator contains all the necessary components and elements to create a pulse that is much more powerful than that of a known device and does not undergo a cavitation effect of an explosion that occurs outside the generator.  It is desirable that the generator ends with a deflector, which can be removable.  FIG. 9-15 illustrate the arrangement and action of the deflector 35, which in its simplest form can be a flat or conical plate, set at a distance from the outlet port B.  Preferably, the deflector is a hollow cup, having two walls in the walls 36, two or more openings 37 spaced apart around each other.  The optimal number of holes is four and they should be separated by about 90 around the circumference of the wall of the deflector.  To prepare the generator for operation (FIG. 1), where the generator is depicted in its initial position for driving a pulse, it is immersed in the water by the outlet window 8 downwards and the control valve 26 is opened in order to supply compressed air to the chambers 23 and 12 through the opening 24 of the compressor 25.  The injected air causes the porous 13 to take up the cocked position, in which the stem 18 of the valve 19 is raised and the open valve 19 supplies pressure to the chamber 22 (the direction of movement of the compressed air is shown by arrows).  The lower piston also occupies the uppermost position and the lower cylinder is filled with seawater.  The generator is ready for operation.  To generate a pulse, it is necessary to open the solenoid valve 21, after which the upper parts of the chamber 12 and the chamber 23 receive direct communication between themselves.  The pressure from chamber 22 is transferred to chamber 12 and to piston 13.  This pressure is summed with the pressure already acting through the window 7 on the piston 6 from the chamber 22, and causes the system, consisting of the piston 12, the rod 15 and the piston b, to start moving downwards. {The system will be referred to as a shutter hereinafter).  When the lower piston moves from its upper saddle 4, the area affected by the pressure from the chamber 22 sharply, abruptly, increases accordingly. the force acting on the shutter also increases, causing it to jerk abruptly, to go down, pushing water through the outlet port 8 (Fig. 2).  At the end of the path, the piston 6 closes the outlet port 8 with a special cylindrical protrusion (FIG. 3).  High pressure begins to be throttled through the opening 30 into the expansion chamber 31 and from there through the opening 32 into the outboard water.  Skosheyna.  The surface of the saddle 5 of the outlet port 8 is very important.  Before the conical surface of the lower part of the piston b approaches the conical surface of the seat 5, water can flow out unhindered through the outlet port 8.  However, when these surfaces begin to converge, the water ring 38 (FIG. 3.7 and 8 is trapped between these two surfaces and begins to work as a shock absorber, preventing the piston from striking the saddle.  The speed at which the water jet 33 exits depends on the diameter of the outlet port 8 and the speed of movement of the shutter.  The fast moving jet is detached from the generator (Fig. 3) and forms a cavity close to a cylindrical 39 and then close to a spherical cavity 40 (FIG. four).  This cavity, due to the high internal suppression, which is still radiated inside the generator, expands and breaks out further by filling tee with seawater.  First, a two-dimensional, and then a three-dimensional cavity explosion at a considerable distance from the generator proceeds (Fig. З and 6 Acoustic energy generated by a two-dimensional explosion (Fig. 3) is approximately proportional to the square of the jet velocity, and the acoustic energy from a three-dimensional explosion (Fig. 4 and approximately proportional to the cube. jet speed.  Thus, the speed of the jet, which is determined in part by the cross-sectional area of the outlet port 8, plays a dominant role in determining the amount of acoustic pulse energy received from the generator.  In addition, the higher the jet velocity, the farther from the generator an explosion occurs, which is better from a constructive point of view, because when an explosion occurs between the elements of the generator's structure, this causes metal fatigue.  In all currently known constructions of this kind, the pulses were either two-dimensional or three-dimensional but always occurred inside the generators, thereby significantly reducing the service life of the device, not to mention the obvious significant attenuation of the pulse power.  When the shutter stops, closing the outlet port 8 with the protrusion of the piston b (Fig. 3), the chamber 27 located above the piston b, the chamber 12 (its upper part, located above the piston 13) and the chamber 31 continue to be ventilated into the outboard water until the back pressure in the chamber 23 exceeds the pressure in the ventilated chambers.  After that, the shutter will start rising (FIG. four).  By adjusting the size or adjusting the lumens of the air vents 32 and 16, you can adjust the speed at which the shutter returns to the weighted position and thereby regulate the frequency of the pulses.  When the shutter occupies the initial extreme upper position (FIG. 1), the cycle is repeated again.  Thus, the generator operates in automatic mode.  The explosion occurs very quickly, even before the beginning of the return stroke of the shutter (FIG. 4 and 5).  Without the expansion chamber 31, the cavity 27 would be ventilated directly into the seawater at a point too close to the explosion site, and the outgoing air would act as an absorber of high-pressure water acoustic energy, which would weaken the output acoustic pulses of the generator. The difference in signals detected near the explosion (known as pressure signatures) is seen in FIG. 23 and 24.  Due to the presence of the expansion chamber 31, the cavity 27 is first blown into this races. a sweeping chamber during the time of the explosion.  Thus, the fact that the ventilation hole 1 32 faces upward and is located a great distance from the explosion site improves the pressure signature, which becomes cleaner, NARROW and large in the presence of chamber 31 (Fig. 24) than without a camera (FIG. 23).  When the generator operates without a deflector (FIG. 1–4) after each operation of the generator, upward reactive force occurs.  It is often desirable or necessary to exclude this upward reactive force, In addition, a cavity 39 (FIG. 5) it is filled with water under very high pressure.  This creates a primary compression in water 41 and, therefore, an acoustic impulse.  At such pressures, the water in the cavity acts as a spring, which after the explosion gives off, produces a secondary compression (Fig. 6) known as the bubble pulse 42, which is an undesirable seismic pulse, also causing reflections from the underlying rocks.  Detected reflected bubble signals significantly complicate seismic signal processing.  The reactive force and the bubble pulses can be eliminated or reduced by a deflector (FIG. 9-15).  When water on the jet 33 produced by the generator hits the plate of the deflector 35, if it were not for the cylindrical wall 36, the jet would deflect around the circumference in all directions in a plane perpendicular to the generator's longitudinal axis.  Re. active efforts would also be in this plane and would strive to balance one another.  However, a cylindrical wall with openings spaced 90 ° around the circumference allows ordering the movement of the jets and makes it possible to form explosive cavities of equal size and action.  The main jet 33 splits into four branched jets 33. 1-33. 4 Cavities 34 are formed inside each jet. 1-34. 4 (FIG. 13,14).  The jets are detached from the walls of the deflector and form these cavities inside the kind of liquid bullets.  The main stream forms a cavity 34. 4 still inside the vent as it passes through the outlet port.  If you use more than four holes 37, the explosions will interfere with one another.  If only two holes are used, the bubble pulses will not be attenuated enough.  When using four openings, external cavities 33. 1-33. 4 will not interfere with each other in a noticeable way.  It has been found that the inner cavity 34 is filled after the cavities 34. 1-34. 4, so that the internal cavity absorbs masses of water under high pressure, which would otherwise cause bubble pulses.  Thus, splitting the main :: pipe 33 into four eliminates or substantially weakens the bubble pulses 42, which are extremely undesirable when conducting seismic observations.  The function of the deflector can be illustrated by the example of an explosion produced by a steam generator 43 (FIG. 21), releasing superheated steam into the intake water.  Superheated steam is released through an insulated pipe 44, submerged approximately 3-5 meters below the surface of the water.  At the end of the pipe there is a steam valve 45, periodically ejecting a superheated steam ball into water with a pressure of about 90 bar at 100 ° C.  The ejection of steam from this valve causes two effects, it is subjected to the action of reactive force and recoil.  By surrounding the steam valve 45 with the deflector 35, the ejected vapor bubbles will be located in a plane perpendicular to the path of the normal exhaust and the reaction force will be destroyed.  Splitting a bubble into four gives an internal roller and four outer cavities 46.  Here, a breakthrough into the internal cavity occurs after the breakthrough into the external cavities, whereby the recoil energy of the bubble explosions is absorbed (Fig. 14).  Thus, the deflector plays an important role in the operation of the generator.  The basic requirements for cavity formation are determined by the conditions in which the porlan is slowed down and stopped 6.  On the other hand, in order for the cavity to produce a useful pressure pulse 41, it is necessary that the jet velocity 33 (Fig. 8) to stop the piston was large enough.  It is important to keep in mind the shape and nature of the signals of the total pressure arising under the influence of explosive compression.  FIG. 16 shows the total pressure signal, or pressure signature, as a function of time measured at a fixed distance from the explosion site.  The first part 1 of this curve shows the increase in circumferential pressure Ph in the liquid, corresponding to the advancement of the jet 33.  The overpressure reaches a peak value LRO, and then the pressure decreases.  Part 2 of this curve shows that when the piston stops abruptly, the pressure decreases until it becomes negative relative to hydrostatic pressure.  This negative pressure corresponds to the formation of the cavity and the increase in its volume, and continues until the vacuum reaches its maximum dP value.  When the volume of the cavity becomes maximum, its potential energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the explosion.  Part of curve 3 marks the high peak AP, (explosion pressure), which corresponds to the maximum pressure in the surrounding water at the point of measurement.  This moment corresponds to the explosion of the cavity shown in FIG. five.
    A portion of curve 4 shows the mass output of high pressure water filling the cavity (Fig. 6). The recoil produces a secondary cavitation followed by secondary explosions, which can be repeated several times in succession. These cavitations and explosions produce successive peaks of DFD, dR3, etc., with decreasing amplitude and alternation of stability, corresponding to rarefaction.
    On a time scale, a part of the T curve means the period of the signal measured from the beginning to the end of the primary explosion. This period T depends on the potential energy of the cavity, and therefore on the kinetic energy of the water jet, as well as on the distance from the surface of the water. The total duration of the pressure signature is T, which determines the seismic resolution. Resolution is greater when T is smaller. The vaz curve shown .16 is not the curve commonly used in geophysical exploration. The useful signal is that part of this baseline curve, which is left after filtering a frequency of 8-62 Hz from a penetration point of view or after filtering a frequency of 0-248 Hz from a resolution point of view.
    FIG. Figure 17 shows what the left side of the pressure curve means in Figure 16 after filtering at 862 Hz. It can be seen that the dP peak corresponds to the first explosion and containing high frequencies is not noticeably different from the peak AAR corresponding to the explosion occurring after the first bubble pressure increase 42. Therefore, the signal has many peaks, which means that the flat layer produces many reflected signals detected by the pennant cable 47 and recording unit 48 (FIG. 25).
    All these residues are inherent in a generator that works without a deflector. In addition, most of the energy used is released at the maximum of the explosion and is emitted in a relatively high band that is quickly absorbed by the ground. The penetration of such a wave is relatively small.
    When using a deflector, the nature of the generator changes dramatically. The secondary peaks of LDD and L P 3 are eliminated by imparting appropriate dimensions to the side openings 36. In this way, cavities can be created
    of different sizes, the periods of explosions of which will also be different, and all this allows you to create, at times corresponding to the secondary peaks of dR and dR.} (Fig. 16), explosions with oppositely directed peaks, which will result in the cancellation of the secondary peaks.
    This formation of explosive cavities is of interest for generators that are relatively small in size, in which the side openings 37 have dimensions that do not provide sufficient water absorption by high pressure in the internal cavity 34 (Fig. 14) at the time of recoil. Finally, it is highly advisable to shorten the period T / of the emitted signal, since the signal reflected from the surface of the water (FIG. 21 superimposes on the original signal (FIG. 20), but with a phase difference corresponding to the time required for the original signal to complete the full circle) places of explosion.
    A generator with a deflector makes it possible to overlay the positive part of the reflected signal (Fig. 20) on the positive part of the original signal (Fig. 20) with relatively small explosions. The combination of signals (Fig.20 and 21) gives the resulting signal (Fig.22). This signal is of particular interest because it contains a relatively high energy in the low frequency band precisely because of the use of low frequencies contained in the positive part of the reflected signal (Fig. 21). In line with this, with an equal amount of input energy entering the generator, it is possible to significantly increase the penetration depth of the combined signal (Fig. 22).
    The actual waveform of the signals, traced by the hydrophone near the explosion site without a deflector, is shown in Fig. 18, corresponding to Fig. 20. The waveform when working with the deflector is shown in Fig. 19, corresponding to Fig. 22. Thus, the experiment confirms the theoretical theoretical waveforms.
    The proposed acoustic-pulse generator for seismic underwater reconnaissance makes it possible to significantly increase the power of the pulses, to avoid the cavitation effect on the structural elements and also to avoid the recoil effect that occurs during the operation of all known devices of this designation.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. A device for generating acoustic impulses in a liquid medium, consisting of coaxially arranged upper and lower cylinders, in which pistons are interconnected, which are connected between themselves by a common rod, a system of pipelines and openings for supplying cylinders of compressed gas, as well as valves, so that, in order to increase the power of it and prevent cavitation inside the device, the lower cylinder has an outlet port formed by a conical rim running along the inner surface of the lower edge of the cylinder, and The window is substantially smaller than the area of the inner section of the lower cylinder; the outer end of the piston located in the lower cylinder has a shape corresponding to the shape of a conical rim, which is a piston seat and is provided with a protrusion facing c. the said window when the piston is in the extreme lower position, and the outlet window is provided with an orifice with apertures dividing the ejected liquid into at least two oppositely directed jets that exit from the orifices at an angle of up to 90 to the vertical axis of the generator. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper cylinder consists of three glasses inserted coaxially into one another in such a way that the inner glass serves as a guide for the upper piston, the middle glass is a collector of compressed gas that drives the upper piston, and the outer cup is a collector of compressed gas acting on the lower piston. 3. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper part of the lower cylinder has a window formed by a side running along the inner surface of the upper edge of the cylinder, and the cross-sectional area of the window is substantially less than the area of the inner section of the cylinder. 4. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper cylinder has an orifice in the front part through which the valve stem passes, supplying compressed gas to the upper part of the lower cylinder at the moment when the upper piston is in its highest position and presses the rod . 5. A device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower cylinders communicate with each other via a pipeline provided with a normally closed valve. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent number 3369627, cl. 181-5, pub. 1968.
    [2]
    2. US patent 3642089, cl. 181-120, pub. 1972 (prototype).
    "
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    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA1070819A|1980-01-29|
    JPS5653760B2|1981-12-21|
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    引用文献:
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    US3711824A|1971-01-15|1973-01-16|United Geophysical Corp|Method of producing underwater seismic waves and apparatus therefor|US4131178A|1977-11-30|1978-12-26|Hydroacoustics, Inc.|Seismic source for use under water|
    US4303141A|1979-01-26|1981-12-01|Pascouet Adrien P|Liquid slug projector apparatus|
    EP0052107B1|1980-04-24|1985-09-25|The Commonwealth Of Australia|Impulse noise generator|
    US4594697A|1983-05-25|1986-06-10|Pascouet Adrien P|Pneumatically-operated liquid slug projector apparatus|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR7512222A|FR2307999B1|1975-04-18|1975-04-18|
    FR7512221A|FR2308112B1|1975-04-18|1975-04-18|
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