• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A composite drive shaft having a pair of aligned, diametrically opposed bores in which a cross-shaped coupling forming part of a universal joint is pivotally connected. This construction materially reduces the weight of drive shaft/universal joint combinations by eliminating the steel Hookes joint yokes which heretofore have been bonded into the shaft.
    公开号:SU820671A3
    申请号:SU782612149
    申请日:1978-04-27
    公开日:1981-04-07
    发明作者:Реджинальд Смит Дерек；Питер Ворган Гордон
    申请人:Юнион Карбид Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (54) CARDAN HINGE AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE
    one
    The invention relates to mechanical engineering, and more specifically to engine drive assemblies for vehicles.
    Known universal joint, containing a shaft with heads at the ends, support bearings placed in the heads, a crosspiece connected to the shaft, and a fork that connects the shaft through the crosspiece 1.
    A method of manufacturing a known hinge consists in making a shaft with heads from a forging by machining on a lathe, drilling a hole in the heads, making a cross with punching and groove and final assembly.
    A disadvantage of the known hinge is its large weight. This prevents the reduction of weight and the increase in durability of both cars and a number of other vehicles, where the use of such devices is possible.
    The aim of the invention is to reduce the weight of the universal joint and at the same time increase its strength.
    This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the cardan joint, containing the shaft with
    heads on the ends, thrust bearings, placed in the holes of the heads, a cross, connected to the shaft, and a fork, kinematically connected to the shaft through the cross, the shaft is made in the form of a pipe, and the heads - in the form of thickenings on its ends, while the shaft and the head is made of synthetic resin with reinforcing fibers introduced into it. In this case, the thickness of the shaft walls may be from 1/15 to 1/25 of the thickness of the walls of the head. In addition, the heads can be made in the form of rings made of synthetic resin with reinforced fibers.
    Thermosetting resin or epoxy resin are used as synthetic resin.
    Reducing the weight of the universal joint while increasing its strength is also achieved by the fact that in the known method for producing a universal joint by forming a shaft with heads,
    Drilling holes in the heads and subsequent assembly of the shaft and the heads are made by winding synthetic fibers onto the mandrel, impregnating them with synthetic resin and then removing the mandrel. In addition, heads with a greater wall thickness than the shaft wall are made by mounting rings on the mandrel with further winding reinforcing fibers along the surface of the mandrel and rings and impregnating them with a synthetic resin. A head with a greater wall thickness than the wall of the shaft is obtained only by winding a greater number of reinforcing fibers impregnated with a synthetic resin as compared with the rest of the shaft. In this variant of the head manufacturing, as in the previous case, gaskets on the adhesive substance are removed in the shaft cavities under the heads, which are removed after the holes are made. The impregnation of the fibers with a non-hardening resin is carried out either during their winding on the mandrel, or the impregnation is carried out before the start of the winding, or after its completion. FIG. 1 shows a partial longitudinal section of the universal joint; in fig. 2, section A-A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 - embodiment of the shaft. The cardan joint contains a shaft in the form of a pipe 1, heads 2 with coaxial holes 3 for bushings 4 in which needle roller bearings and a pair of projections 5 of the cross b are placed, the second pair of projections 7 of which are connected to a fork 8 mounted on the driven shaft 3. Bushings 4 are installed in the holes 3 due to a tight fit or glue. The spring rings 10 and the gaskets 11 fix the position of the crosspiece 6. The tubular shaft 1 is made by winding reinforcing fibers onto a mandrel, and the fibers are impregnated with epoxy or thermosetting resin. The winding direction of the fibers varies widely from 90 ° to O relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft. The production of heads 2 is ensured by winding additional layers of fibers or setting rings of a material of increased strength. After winding and heat treatment, the mandrel is removed, the holes are drilled and the plug 8 is assembled with the cross piece 6. The head in which the bearings are mounted is also prepared from rings 12, which are then coated with synthetic resin in the manufacture of the tubular shaft. In order to manufacture the drive shaft according to the invention, it is necessary to use a mandrel (not shown) of an appropriate diameter that would correspond to the inner diameter of the shaft 1, install this mandrel in the appropriate device and cover it with a substance to remove the shaft 1 from the mandrel. Then the fibers are wound onto the mandrel, and they are impregnated with a curable resin prior to the winding operation of the fibers on the mandrel. A typical shaft structure 1. May contain layers of fibers which are arranged spirally at an angle of about 90 relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft, i.e. have one or more ring windings, and fibers, which are located at a smaller angle, for example 45 °, relative to the axis of the shaft 1. In addition, the fibers can be parallel to the axis of the shaft 1. One or both ends of the shaft thus obtained can be thicker than the rest of the shaft 1, and this can be achieved either by additionally winding fibers onto the mandrel at its ends during the process or after obtaining the main shaft part, or by using a pre-fabricated ring 12 of reinforced material that is placed It is mounted on the mandrel before the fiber winding operation is started on the mandrel. After obtaining the shaft I on a mandrel, having, if necessary, corresponding thickened ends or one end, this shaft 1 together with the mandrel is removed from the device and is processed, i.e. heating in order to obtain a rigid matrix into which the reinforcing fibers are inserted. After this operation, the shaft 1 is removed from the mandrel and the opposite holes 3, drilled at one end or at both ends of the hollow shaft 1, are ready for receiving the sleeve 4 of the bearing. Then, the assembly of universal joints is performed, and the plug 8 is first assembled with the ends of one branch of the spider 6. Then the obtained prefabricated structure is located inside the end part of the shaft 1 so that the end parts of the other branch of the cross are arranged in line with the holes 3 of the shaft 1, therefore, the bearings 4 sleeves can be inserted into the holes 3 outside the shaft 1 and thereby ensure the rotation of the crosspiece inside the shaft 1. The bearing sleeve 4 is shown in the lower hour, in the position before it is installed in There is a gap in the shaft body. Example 1. The fibers were wound on a mandrel with a diameter of 3 inches as follows: 1. One layer was wound along the entire length of the mandrel, using a bundle of ten fibers “Tornel 300” (trademark of Union Carbide Corporation carbon fibers) at an angle of winding of approximately 90 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 1. In this case, the full coverage of the mandrel with carbon fibers with a layer of uniform thickness was ensured. 2. Six layers were wound along the length of the mandrel, using 180 tornel 300 (carbon fibers) fibers for this purpose, while winding the fibers was carried out under
    angle of 22, 5 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 1. Each of these six layers or rows of winding also provided full coverage of the mandrel. The fibers of each subsequent layer of winding superimposed on each previous layer at an angle of 45 °.
    3. Ring winding was made of ten carbon fibers at an angle of 90 ° relative to the axis of shaft 1.
    All these operations on the winding of carbon fibers on the mandrel allowed us to obtain the outer diameter of the composite shaft 1 of about 3.15 inches (79 mm). Then the ends of the shaft at a distance of about 6 inches (152 liters) thickened by 0.2 inches (5 mm), using the fiberglass P. 5, which was wound onto the indicated ends of the shaft 1.
    These fibers were impregnated in the process of winding the mandrel with a mixture of epoxy resin and a curing agent, which is available from Shell Chemical Co. No. 828/142, the mixture consisting of 100 wt. including resin to 27 wt. h curing agent. Then, the assembled shaft 1 was heated for 60 minutes. at 180 ° C to cure the mixture of resin and curing agent and cementation of the fiber in a resinous matrix. Then, the thickened ends of the shaft 1 were drilled to obtain through holes 3 with a diameter of 1 inch, into which then 4 bearings made of "Thornel (trademark of the company) were inserted by means of a tight fit.
    Example 2. A mandrel with a diameter of 2.54 inches (64.5 mm) was wound with six layers or rows of 180 carbon fibers of the “Tornel 300” brand at a winding angle of 22.5 ° relative to the longitudinal axis of the shaft 1. The fibers of each subsequent layer covered the previous fibers layer at an angle of 45 °. Then, two layers were wound at an angle of winding of approximately 90 °, using five Tornel 300 fibers for this purpose. The resin and the processing for curing were applied as in Example I. By winding the fibers onto the mandrel, a hollow adjacent shaft 1 s was obtained wall thickness equal to approximately 2.62 inches (66.5 mm). The shaft 1 thus manufactured is then drilled to obtain through holes 3 in the wall of the shaft 1 with a diameter of 0.75 diameter, into which the rods are then inserted along the shaft diameter. The design thus obtained could withstand a torque of 200 foot-pounds (27.7 kgm).
    In addition, the shaft 1 manufactured by the proposed method, having an inner diameter of 6 inches (152 mm) and an outer diameter of 6.08 inches (154 mm) with a shaft wall thickness at its end of 1 inch (35.4 mm), during testing, withstood a twisting moment, equal to 17,500 foot-pounds (242 kgm).
    These results show that this kind of composite drive shafts can withstand considerable loads, being used in the system of mechanical power transmissions of conventional land vehicles.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Kardanny hinge containing shaft with heads at the ends of the supporting podshchpni. located in the holes of the heads, a crosspiece connected to the shaft, and a fork kinematically connected with the shaft through the crosspiece, characterized in that, in order to reduce its weight and increase its strength, the shaft is made in the form of a pipe, and the head is
    15 in the form of bulges on its ends, while the shaft and heads are made of synthetic resin with reinforcing fibers introduced into it.
    [2]
    2. Cardan joint according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall thickness of the shaft is 1 / 15-1 / 2 of the thickness of the wall of the head.
    [3]
    3. Kardanny hinge on PP. 1, 2, characterized in that the heads are made in the form of synthetic resin rings with reinforcing fibers.
    [4]
    5 4. Cardan joint on PP. 1-3, characterized in that a thermosetting resin is used as the synthetic resin.
    [5]
    5. A hinge according to claim 1, characterized in that epoxy resin is used as the synthetic resin.
    [6]
    6. Method of making cardan joint on PP. 1-5 by forming a shaft with drill heads in the heads and then assembling it, characterized in that the shaft and the heads are made by winding synthetic fibers onto the mandrel soaked with synthetic resin, removing the mandrel after the resin has hardened.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the heads with a greater wall thickness,
    than the shaft wall is made by mounting rings on the mandrel with further winding of reinforcing fibers on the surface of the mandrel and rings and impregnating them with a synthetic resin.
    [8]
     8. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that a die with a greater wall thickness than the shaft wall is produced by winding a greater number of layers of reinforcing fibers impregnated with a synthetic resin compared to the rest of the shaft.
    [9]
    9. Method of making a universal joint on PP. 6-8, characterized in that before the drilling operation of the holes, gaskets are installed in the cavity of the shaft under the heads on the adhesive substance, which are removed after making the holes.
    [10]
    10. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the impregnation of the fibers with a non-hardening resin is performed before winding them onto the mandrel.
    [11]
    11. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the impregnation of the fibers with an uncured resin is carried out during the process of winding them onto the mandrel.
    [12]
    12. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the impregnation of the fibers with an uncured resin is performed after they are wound onto a mandrel.
    Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 425002, cl. F 16 C 1/08, F 04 B 1/04, 1974.
    Fig. /
    //
    FIG.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    SU820671A3|1981-04-07|Cardan hinge and its manufacturing method
    US4185472A|1980-01-29|Fiber reinforced composite shaft with metallic connector sleeves mounted by radial pin interlock
    US4530379A|1985-07-23|Filament wound interlaminate tubular attachment
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    EP0030996A1|1981-07-01|Driving shaft of fibre-reinforced synthetic material with lost mandril and tightly wound end pieces
    US4335587A|1982-06-22|Universal coupling member for two shafts and method of manufacturing such a coupling member
    US3553978A|1971-01-12|Composite propeller shaft construction and method of making
    CA1068501A|1979-12-25|Joint structure and method of joining
    US20060258469A1|2006-11-16|Composite transmission shaft joint
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    US4325174A|1982-04-20|Composite drive shafts
    CA1130594A|1982-08-31|Power transmission shaft
    DE3019954A1|1980-12-04|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TUBULAR, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE SHAFT OR COMPOSITE SHAFT - V
    DE3020021A1|1980-12-11|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TUBULAR, FIBER REINFORCED COMPOSITE SHAFT OR COMPOSITE SHAFT - I
    ES457747A1|1978-08-16|Carbon fiber drive shaft
    JPH0278533A|1990-03-19|Cylindrical molded body made of fiber-reinforced composite resin and its manufacture
    DE102007001253A1|2007-11-22|Configuration of a connection for a transmission shaft
    EP2730743A2|2014-05-14|Shaft of a gas turbine engine
    EP2902165B1|2019-01-16|Method of manufacturing bar member and bar member
    JPH0742975B2|1995-05-15|Drive shaft made of fiber reinforced synthetic resin and method and device for producing the drive shaft
    US4649960A|1987-03-17|Filament wound interlaminate tubular attachment
    GB2127938A|1984-04-18|Method of forming a composite drive shaft tube
    GB2051304A|1981-01-14|Fibre-reinforced composite shaft with metallic connector sleeves
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    GB1599292A|1981-09-30|
    DE2818167A1|1978-11-30|
    FR2389038A1|1978-11-24|
    DE2818167C3|1985-10-24|
    SE425929B|1982-11-22|
    CA1120737A|1982-03-30|
    IT7849111D0|1978-04-27|
    US4218895A|1980-08-26|
    JPS601489B2|1985-01-16|
    ES472737A1|1979-02-16|
    SE7804851L|1978-10-29|
    DE2818167B2|1980-05-14|
    ES469208A1|1979-01-01|
    JPS54139A|1979-01-05|
    引用文献:
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    RU2766646C1|2018-09-21|2022-03-15|Тирсан Кардан Сан. Ве Тидж. А.С.|Assembly and method for manufacturing a hybrid composite pipe of the drive shaft|US899534A|1907-06-19|1908-09-29|Ernst Gustav Hoffmann|Universal joint.|
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    US2723705A|1950-07-21|1955-11-15|Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp|Method and apparatus for making reinforced plastic laminates|
    US3068134A|1954-04-26|1962-12-11|Fmc Corp|Method of making composite plastic pipe of reinforcing glass fibers|
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    DE1923179U|1963-10-31|1965-09-09|Reuter Kunststoff Osnabrueck|SHAFT, IN PARTICULAR FOR DRIVING MOTOR VEHICLES.|
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    US3461688A|1967-11-09|1969-08-19|Marvin Garfinkle|Constant velocity universal joint|
    US3553978A|1969-10-06|1971-01-12|Gen Motors Corp|Composite propeller shaft construction and method of making|
    US3651661A|1970-02-02|1972-03-28|United Aircraft Corp|Composite shaft with integral end flange|
    US3970495A|1974-07-24|1976-07-20|Fiber Science, Inc.|Method of making a tubular shaft of helically wound filaments|
    US4089190A|1976-04-14|1978-05-16|Union Carbide Corporation|Carbon fiber drive shaft|DE2963167D1|1978-09-07|1982-08-12|Ciba Geigy Ag|Method of producing a fibre-reinforced plastics tube and a tube produced by this method|
    JPS6352251B2|1979-05-10|1988-10-18|Ciba Geigy|
    DE2951629C2|1979-12-21|1985-03-14|Felten & Guilleaume Energietechnik GmbH, 5000 Köln|Drive shaft made of fiber-reinforced plastic, with a lost mandrel and tightly wound end pieces|
    SE424218B|1980-10-31|1982-07-05|Fiber Mech|TRANSMISSION SYSTEM|
    FR2515757A1|1981-10-29|1983-05-06|Peugeot Cycles|CARDAN JOINT FORK|
    EP0094468A1|1982-05-14|1983-11-23|Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|Cardan joint connection|
    DE3239075A1|1982-10-22|1984-05-03|Uni-Cardan Ag, 5200 Siegburg|PTO SHAFT, IN PARTICULAR FOR DRIVING THE WHEELS OF A MOTOR VEHICLE|
    DE3321348C2|1983-06-13|1985-04-25|Uni-Cardan Ag, 5200 Siegburg|Universal joint half and process for their manufacture|
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    DE3321351A1|1983-06-13|1984-12-13|Uni-Cardan Ag, 5200 Siegburg|UNIVERSAL SHAFT|
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    JPH04200678A|1990-11-30|1992-07-21|Shibaura Eng Works Co Ltd|Treating device for substrate|
    DE4102515C2|1991-01-29|1993-03-25|Etablissement Supervis, Vaduz, Li|
    FR2705610B1|1993-05-26|1995-08-11|Aerospatiale|Method for manufacturing a rod in a one-piece composite material by placing pre-impregnated fibers on an extractable mandrel and the rod thus obtained.|
    JP3453832B2|1994-02-17|2003-10-06|株式会社豊田自動織機|Drive shaft made of fiber reinforced composite material and manufacturing method thereof|
    US6547025B1|1999-03-18|2003-04-15|Gkn Automotive, Inc.|All wheel drive system for a motor vehicle|
    IT1404177B1|2011-02-23|2013-11-15|Cifa Spa|PROCEDURE FOR THE REALIZATION OF ARMS IN COMPOSITE MATERIAL FOR THE DISTRIBUTION OF CONCRETE AND ARM, SO OBTAINED.|
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    DE102012022260A1|2012-11-13|2014-05-28|Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg|Method for producing a shaft of a gas turbine engine, in particular a radial shaft or a shaft arranged at an angle to the machine axis|
    DE102012022198A1|2012-11-13|2014-05-28|Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg|Shaft of a gas turbine engine, in particular a radial shaft or a shaft arranged at an angle to the machine axis|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB17695/77A|GB1599292A|1977-04-28|1977-04-28|Fibre reinforced resin drive shaft having a universal joint|
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