• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:SU1825369A3
    申请号:SU874202768
    申请日:1987-05-25
    公开日:1993-06-30
    发明作者:Arman Gislen Korde Zhan；Emil Andre Dyussart Bernar；Anri Rollo Per
    申请人:Юзиhop Acьep；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a technology for the manufacture of coke, in particular the manufacture of molded coke, and a shaft furnace for the manufacture of molded coke, used, for example, in blast furnace production.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the reactivity of molded coke and furnace efficiency.
    Raw molded briquettes are prepared by mixing with a binder (tar, asphalt, resin) coals, which are pre-mixed, dried, crushed and heated. The heated mass is then pressed in the form of briquettes using a press.
    To implement the method, a mass of 80% lean coal (10-12% volatile substances), 15% coking coal (1/2 fat) and 5% tar additive are used.
    Raw briquettes are fed into the upper first unit zone of preheating and removal of volatiles in a downward moving bed of a shaft furnace, where they are heated to 850 ° C.
    Briquettes at the exit from the first zone have a temperature of 850 ° C, starting from this temperature the electrical conductivity becomes noticeable and increases with increasing temperature, reaching a maximum of about 1100 ° C.
    In the inner part of the second carbonization and coking zone, where the temperature is more than 900 ° C, electric currents are supplied or induced that heat the briquettes to a final coking temperature set at 960 ± 50 ° C (but can be up to 1250 ° C depending on the reactivity of coke , which they want to get, 1100 ° C for metallurgical coke.
    1825369 AZ
    Coked briquettes are lowered into the lower part of the furnace, corresponding to the third primary cooling zone, into the base of which cold recovered and recycled reused gas (which is used as countercurrent coolant to all heating zones) is introduced. In this zone, coke is cooled to 250 ° C, and the gas is heated from 250 to 900 ° C.
    In the fourth final cooling zone, the briquettes are completely cooled to 100-150 ° C with the remaining part of the recirculated gas stream, which is heated to 250 ° C and then sent to the upper part of the first zone, then the molded coke is removed from the furnace and purged with a neutral gas, which eliminates the risk of explosion , molded coke leaves cold, then it is sieved.
    The resulting molded coke size
    A type. 1.27x27x47 mm (30 g)
    Type 2. 32 x 43 x 51 mm (45 g)
    Specific gravity; 1.2 g / cm 3 (may be 0.8-1 g / cm 3 ).
    Open water porosity; 30%, specific surface area 240 m 2 / g.
    The temperature when reaching 2% loss by weight: 1030 ° C (1080 ° for known coke), which implies that the molded coke obtained by the proposed method has a higher reactivity. The furnace productivity in coke is 2-30 t / h.
    Variants of the proposed shaft furnace and its supply circuit are presented in figures 1-16.
    The shaft furnace shown in figure 1, has a metal casing 1. on the inner surface of which there is a refractory coating 2, which limits the chamber 3 of a tubular shape, slightly conical in the upper part, in which the mass of molded briquettes that form the movable layer 4. is loaded 1, the chamber 3 has a circular cross section, but may also have a rectangular cross section, as shown in FIG.
    The shaft furnace is loaded from above using sealed devices for filling molded briquettes, a rotating hopper 5, into which the briquettes are fed through a conveyor belt 6, controlled by a load level sensor 7, which is located in the hopper. In the lower part of the hopper 5 there is a rotating bell (cone) 8, through the opening of which, under the action of the jack 9, briquettes enter the airtight lock gateway 10, in which there are neutral gas cleaning pipelines 11a, 116. The air-tight lock 10 is closed in the lower part entering the furnace by a distribution cone 12, the opening of which is controlled by a jack 13, depending on the readings of the load level sensor 14, which is located in the furnace head.
    The opening of the cones 12 and 8 is made sequentially, depending on the readings of the sensor 14.
    At the top of the furnace there are devices for recovering the generated gases; these are two pipelines 15a, 156 of larger diameter, which enter the furnace chamber on both sides of the rotating feed cone 12.
    Coking gas collected in pipelines 15a and 156 is supplied to the primary treatment unit 16, where it is cooled, washed and where water and naphthalene condense. The treated gas is returned to the cycle, from 60 to 80% in volume, to the furnace through pipeline 17, and the rest through pipeline 18 is sent to the gas tank (not shown in the diagram) through the classic secondary treatment unit 19.
    In the chamber 3 of the furnace there are three different functional areas. The upper part of the chamber corresponds to the first firing zone 20, in which the briquettes are gradually heated, de-fattened by sublimation of coal and binders, and the first stage of carbonization is carried out by a rising stream of hot gases, which flows countercurrently.
    The middle part of the furnace chamber corresponds to the second zone 21 of the end of carbonization and coking; at the base of this zone, electric heating devices 22 are installed, which are located in the inner walls of the refractory coating 2.
    The third zone 23 of the primary cooling of the molded coke occupies the lower part of the chamber; at the base of this zone are reusable gas inlet devices that come from the primary treatment unit 16. These devices are primary reusable gas inlets 24 through the supply annular pipe 25 connected to the recirculation pipe 17 by a pipe 26 on which the valve is mounted 27 flow control, this valve is controlled depending on the readings of temperature sensors 28 located in the furnace head. The circulation of the reused gas in the pipe 17 is provided by the fan 29, and the flow rate of the first batch of reused gas 1825369, corresponding to the primary stream supplied to the pipe 26, is regulated so as to maintain a predetermined temperature measured by the sensors; this is necessary so that there is no con- centration of tar on briquettes in the furnace and on the inner walls of the furnace.
    At the base of the furnace there are devices for removing coke coming from the third zone 23 — rotating under 30, which is driven by a gear motor 31, this under can progressively move in the vertical direction due to the action of the height adjustment jack 32.
    Due to the rotating hearth 30, the third zone 23 is connected to the gateway 33, which goes into the fourth zone 24 of the secondary gateway between the gateway 33. The fourth zone 34 and the airtight gateway 46 are provided with jacks 54, 55. 56 depending on the readings of the load level sensor 57 located in the head fourth zone
    The described furnace design allows, due to the recirculation of gases separated into the primary stream and the secondary stream, to achieve, on the one hand, optimization of the thermal profile of the furnace in the carbonization zone by adjusting the primary stream, and on the other hand, to avoid the accumulation of tar condensed on top of the furnace , due to maintaining the temperature in the furnace head at least 150 ° С and due to the capture of these tars by dissolution in the secondary stream leaving the fourth coke quenching.
    In the fourth secondary cooling zone 34, at the base there are conduits 35 for inlet of the secondary cooling gas stream, which corresponds to the remaining portion of the reused gas. These conduits 35 exit the annular conduit 36 connected by conduit 37 through the flow control valve 38 to the recirculation conduit 17. The valve 38 is controlled by the temperature sensor 39, which measures the average temperature of the coke in the fourth coke secondary cooling zone 34. The flow rate of the remaining portion of the reused gas, which is introduced as a secondary cooling stream, is controlled in order to maintain a predetermined temperature detected by the sensor 39, this temperature must be lower than the maximum temperature of normal coke transportation.
    In the upper part of the fourth secondary cooling zone 34, there are conduits 40 that are connected to an annular conduit 41 collecting the secondary cooling flow, this annular conduit is connected by a conduit 42, on which the fan 43 is mounted, to the annular conduit 44 for returning the secondary cooling flow. which surrounds the upper part of the furnace, where the produced gases are recuperated, and which is connected to the furnace by return pipelines 45.
    The fourth cooling zone 34 is connected at the outlet to a pressurized sluice 46, in which there are purge pipelines 47, 48, the sluice is connected to an outlet hopper 49, from which cold coke is fed to a tape dispenser-extractor 50.
    Sequential and automatic opening of valves 51. 52. 53 connections of the cooling zone,
    - Using a variety of coals and reducing the cost of coke cake.
    The method allows the use of anthracites, lean coals, inert materials, coke dust, petroleum coke and replace fusible coals with binders such as tar, (coal) resin and asphalt residues.
    - Decentralization of coke production.
    The method allows the production of molded coke with the help of smaller furnaces, if necessary adapted for the required quantity and quality (shapes, sizes, firing temperature and reactivity of coke).
    - Reduced costs by more than 20% with the same production.
    - Higher thermal efficiency, since the gases of the furnace head exit at a temperature of about 150 ° C, briquettes from a shaft furnace are extracted cold, and in a classic battery, gases exit at a temperature of 500 ° C, coke is discharged from a furnace at a temperature above 1000 ° C, and smoke temperature in the chimney more than 400 ° C.
    - The best calorific value of coke, since dry cooling of briquettes in a neutral gas does not oxidize the carbon of coke, as ego does with water vapor during classical wet quenching.
    Compared to molded coke burned in a gas flame, electric molded coke has the following advantages:
    - Production of rich coking gas without heavy hydrocarbons, as does not mix with combustion smoke; reuse produces cracking of hydrocarbons. It is fashionable to use this gas as fuel for lying down or emitting
    Ί of this gas contains hydrogen.
    - Excellent calorific value of coke, which is associated with the absence of any combustion (or surface oxidation of briquettes in the furnace).
    - Physical and chemical qualities of coke.
    The combination of electric heating and gas counterflow allows gradual coking with precise temperature control in various zones: de-smoke and pre-firing, carbonization and electric coking, briquette cooling.
    - The uniformity of the firing temperature ensures consistent coke quality.
    - The control of the firing temperature allows you to maintain the reactivity of the resulting coke:
    reactive coke for electrometallurgy (fired at low temperature), linear coke, low reactivity (fired at high temperature 1300 ° C), blast furnace coke with controlled reactivity.
    - The choice of caliber coke.
    The supply of electric energy to the coking front in each briquette allows for gradual internal coking in the high temperature zone. Large-caliber homogeneous coke can be produced, which is better suited for blast furnaces and cupola furnaces, since the mechanical strength is noticeably better than the strength of briquettes fired in a gas flame.
    - Small inertia of the furnace.
    Quick electrical control of the heating makes it easy to change the mode of the furnace, adjust the firing, and makes it easy to start and stop the furnace.
    - No pollution and improved working conditions.
    Removing the briquettes is a dry method. The furnace is airtight when loading and unloading. Therefore, air pollution is limited, and the working conditions are significantly improved.
    - Ability to create small and medium furnaces.
    Small furnaces that create the required amount of coke of the required quality on site can be cost-effective, as they can be automated, and they do not require large investments.
    The heating devices 22 located in the inner part of the second zone 21 correspond to two implementation methods.
    According to a first embodiment of the invention, which corresponds to electrical heating due to electrical conductivity, the inner wall of the refractory coating 2, bounding the chamber 3, has a narrowing in the inner section for passing a layer of molded 'briquettes into the lower part of the second zone 21. This narrowing is limited by the protrusion 58. formed along the wall of the chamber 3.
    As can be seen from Fig. B. the electrodes 59 have a vertical section in the form of the letter L, oriented on each side of the protrusion 59, so that one of the shoulders, L will be horizontal. The electrode 59 is made of an electrically conductive material, such as copper, and is fixed using an anchor bolt 60, which passes through the electrode and the refractory coating 2, the bolt is fixed on the outside of the casing using classical means, for example, nuts and locknuts. Anchor bolt 60 is electrically isolated from the casing by laying insulating material in the form of a disk 61. The outer end of the anchor bolt forms a terminal 62 to which an electric power cable 63 of the electrode is connected, and the cable is connected to a power source 64 shown in Fig. 1.
    The area of the refractory coating 2, immediately adjacent to the electrode 59., is cooled by a pipe 65 of the internal circulation · 1 cooling agent, this pipe is located by a coil along two sides of the electrode 59 parallel to the refractory coating. The electrode can also be cooled directly by the internal circulation of the cooling agent. In the case of the circular furnace shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the electrodes 59 are in the form of circular segments located diametrically opposite: these segments are separated from each other by a dividing wall 66 (FIG. 7). This partition 66 has the shape of an inclined plane with an inclination corresponding to the inclination of the protrusion 58, against which the electrodes 59 are located.
    According to the first embodiment of the invention, when power is used at the mains frequency, two electrodes 59 per phase are arranged around the camera. The electrodes of one phase are located diametrically opposite in the chamber, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, so as to ensure the passage of current in the center of the furnace. The supply voltage is regulated (phase by phase) by the action on the secondary winding of the power transformer.
    Depending on the size of the furnace, it is necessary to arrange two or three pairs of electrodes on the periphery of the furnace.
    For small diameter furnaces, for example, not more than 2 m, two-phase power is supplied, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, using a Scott transformer, the connection diagram is shown in FIG. 2, according to this scheme, the primary three-phase voltage is converted into a two-phase regulated voltage ( phases are designated 1 and g in and 2 and 2 G ).
    In the case of large-diameter furnaces, for example from 3 to 4 m (see Figs. 4 and 5), three pairs of electrodes are indicated, designated 1, 1 b, 2, 26, 3, 3 b according to the three-phase circuit of Fig. 6.
    The electrodes 59 in the form of circular segments in a section in the form of the letter L are located on the cooled edge of the refractory 67 (Fig.6). A natural scree of highly graphitized briquettes is formed on each of these electrodes (due to local over-coking, which is due to the long stay of the briquettes at high temperature), these briquettes are strongly conductive, they protect the electrodes 59 and distribute the current densities in the rising charge.
    Each electrode is separated from the neighboring electrode by an insulating refractory partition, resistant to abrasion (for example, bricks made of silicon carbide connected by silicon nitride), the taper of which provides a small gradual compaction of the charge at the location of the copper electrodes, which improves and makes the conductivity of the briquette layer uniform during coking.
    On the contrary, under the compressed coking zone, at the entrance to the primary cooling zone 23, the diameter of the furnace increases rapidly, so that the density of the briquette layer decreases, the contact electrical resistance between the briquettes increases, due to this, stray currents in the cooling zone are eliminated, where they would already heat the coked briquettes. The expanded width of the circular segments of the electrodes 59 is chosen approximately equal to the width of the refractory walls 66, so as to avoid the predominant passage (current) between the phases or even short circuit from one phase to another on the periphery of the furnace.
    On Fig shows an option when the cross section of the chamber of the furnace is rectangular.
    The design of such a furnace is similar to the construction described in FIG. 1, with regard to the devices for filling untreated molded briquettes and removing coke, and for reusing coke oven gas collected in two pipelines 70 and 71, which are located in the furnace head, and supplied to the base primary cooling zones along two pipelines 72 and
    73. In this case, coke cooling also takes place in two stages, between which parts of the reused gas are separated, as described earlier.
    The main difference is the linear shape of the electrodes 74 for transmitting current, which are located on opposite sides of a rectangular section, the electrodes are mounted on the protrusions 75. These electrodes also have a L-shaped profile on which a scree of highly graphitized briquettes accumulates.
    For the three-phase supply, which is most often used in industry, the furnaces are grouped in three, as shown in Fig. 8. Each phase supplies through a transformer 76, one pair of copper electrodes. Elek; , the trodes of one phase are located opposite each other along each wide side of the furnace, they are separated from the pair of adjacent electrodes by an insulating refractory wall 77.
    In one embodiment of the first embodiment of the invention, shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the circular furnace has an inner body 80 in the form of a cowl made of refractory material, and the design of the chamber 3 of the furnace remains identical in all peripheral areas. In this housing 80 there is a truncated cone-shaped central electrode 81, through which currents passing through the mass of hot briquettes are returned, current is supplied from the outer ring-shaped electrode 82 with a section in the form of the letter L, which is located along the inner perimeter of the chamber above the protrusion 67.
    With this arrangement, parasitic currents between the electrodes, which are fed from different phases, are eliminated, and the current passes in the center of the furnace. The electrodes are outer 82, included as an anode, and central 81, included as a cathode, are fed from a direct current source, for example from a rectifier 83 or from a single-phase current source for small-capacity furnaces.
    The body in the form of a cowl 80 is mounted on the rod 84, it passes in the center of the column 85, which provides fastening and mobility of the rotating circular hearth 86.
    To adjust the height of the electric coking zone, the housing 80 is moved in the vertical direction under the influence of a jack 87 located under the rod 84. On the upper part of the rod 84 there is an insulator 88, which prevents the passage of stray reverse currents along the rod 84.
    The truncated cone-shaped center electrode cathode 81 is made of abrasion resistant material, such as dense silicon carbide, which is electrically conductive enough to limit local overheating of the cathode walls 81. The cathode 81 is located on the sleeve 89 of an insulating refractory material. Reverse currents through the cathode 81 go to the base of the furnace through a cooled insulated conductor 90 located in the hollow axis of the rod 84.
    The column 85 is made sliding, for example, by means of a groove system (not shown) in the bevel gear 91, by means of which the column is rotated from the bevel gear 82 with which it engages; the gear 92 is fixed at the end of the output shaft of the geared motor 93. The vertical movement of the column is ensured by the jack 94. The rate of delivery of coke homogeneous throughout the periphery is controlled by the speed of rotation of the hearth and the height of this hearth.
    The cathode 81 is cooled by supplying cooling gas through a conduit 95, the gas exits through a circular gap between the casing in the form of a fairing and the column 85 at the place where the casing 81 is articulated with the column.
    According to the second method of implementation of the invention shown in Fig.11-16. electric heating is carried out by induction.
    As shown in FIG. 11, the heating devices located at the base of the coking zone 21 are an inductor 100 coaxial with the housing 3, it is located in the refractory wall 2 of the furnace. Vertical lamellar. mild steel cores 101 are arranged radially around the coil 100, and magnetic field return lines extend along them. The coil 100 is powered by a medium frequency generator 102 from 50 to 1000 Hz.
    The electrical conductor, which forms the coil 100, is a hollow pipe in which a cooling agent circulates, which is supplied to the pipe 103 and exits through the pipe 104, this conductor is connected to the generator 102 using conductors 105,106.
    The plate cores 101 form a magnetic yoke cooled by an agent that is introduced through conduit 107 and exits through conduit 108.
    The formula for calculating the volumetric power (electric power dissipated per unit volume of coke) for the variant of Fig. 11 shows that the radius of the chamber and the conductivity of the briquettes are decisive for the power locally generated in the layer. In particular, since the induction fields in the center of the furnace are weak, 5 this first embodiment of the invention has a drawback, because unequal heating of briquettes takes place, passing at the walls and in the center of the furnace, where heating may be insufficient.
    In the case of large-capacity furnaces (with a diameter of more than 3 m), in which the rising gas stream has limited efficiency to reduce the unevenness of transverse heating, the layers of briquettes located on the outside will have a temperature and conductivity much higher than the briquettes in the center, this will lead to the coking end temperatures will be different, and the quality of the 20 coking briquettes will be different in the center and near the walls.
    Therefore, the simple solution shown in FIG. 11 is limited to small coking ovens in which the coke removal device 25 will facilitate the edge flow of briquettes (e.g., rotating underneath).
    In one embodiment of the second embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 30 12, the furnace has an induction electric heating device in the form of an induction coil 110, coaxial with the casing 3 and laid in the refractory wall 2 of the furnace, and the inner casing in the form of a fairing 111 of refractory material, in which there are devices that can enhance the magnetic field near the axis of the furnace . The refractory material from which the housing 111 is made may be 40, for example, silicon carbide with a binder made of silicon nitride, whose properties as an electrical insulator are sufficient for the application in question and whose strength to abrasion and heat shock is high. These devices may be in the form of a set of plate cores of mild steel, arranged radially, which are located in the body in the form of a fairing 111.
    These devices can be supplemented as shown in FIG. 12, by an internal induction coil 113, coaxial with the coil 110, this second coil is fed in phase with the first and is housed in a housing 55 in the form of a cowl 111. Vertical radius-mounted mild steel plate cores are inserted into the coil 113 coaxially with this coil.
    As in the case shown in Fig. 12, the induction coil 110 is made of a hollow helical conductor, inside which a cooling agent circulates, supplied through conduit 114 and exiting through conduit 115. The internal induction coil has the same design, it is cooled by circulation of the cooling agent between the inlet 116 and the outlet 117, this cooling circuit extends inside the furnace in a column 118 of a smaller diameter than the diameter of the housing in the form of a cowl 111 which it holds. Column 118 crosses rotating underneath the furnace, as shown in more detail in FIG. 7 for the first method for implementing induction heating.
    The plate cores 113 form an internal induction magnetic yoke, which is cooled by circulation of a cooling agent supplied from a central pipe 119 extending along the axis of the column and extending to the ends of the cores; the return of the cooling agent is carried out through the pipe, coaxial and external to the pipe 119.
    The vertical plate cores 120 are located radially outside the coil 110 and form an external induction yoke, cooled by the circulation of the cooling agent, which enters through the pipe 121 and leaves the pipe 122.
    The medium-frequency generator 123 feeds the series-connected coils 110 and 113 through a cable 124 connected to the input of the coil 110, then through a cable 125 that connects the output of the coil 110 to the input of the coil 113, cable 126 connects the output of the coil 113 to the generator 123.
    Coils 110 and 113, located in the furnace opposite each other, allow combining their induction fields in order to simultaneously and evenly heat the briquettes that extend along the outer walls of the chamber 3 and along the walls of the inner housing 111.
    In one embodiment of the second method of implementing the invention, induction heating devices consist of a set of pairs of inductors located radially in the refractory walls of the furnace, they form an external inductor that creates a rotating field crossing the chamber in the horizontal direction.
    In Fig.13, two coils 130, 131, whose axes coincide and are located radially and diametrically opposite to each other, are wound on magnetic steel cores from horizontally laid plates, these coils form inductors 132, 133. The coils 130 and 131 are fed from of the same phase 1 of a multiphase current, so that the magnetic field intersects the furnace chamber in the radial direction, i.e. so that the ends of the coils 130 and 131, which are opposite each other, are of opposite polarity.
    In the normal case of a three-phase current, there are three pairs of diametrically arranged coils. Each pair of coils 130, 131, which are connected to one phase of the current, is uniformly biased in the inductor so that the resulting field rotates at the frequency of the supply current and creates Foucault currents in the mass of coking briquettes.
    Inductors 132, 133 are cooled by circulation of a cooling agent, which enters through conduit 135 and exits through conduit 136.
    A three-phase medium frequency generator 137 energizes the coils, as shown in FIG. for two reel in axial section plane. On Fig shows a horizontal section of this power circuit, it shows only the external inductors of the furnace chamber.
    In one embodiment shown in FIG. 14 and 15, in the furnace there is an inner casing 140 in the form of a cowl made of refractory material, in this casing an internal inductor is placed, consisting of several radially arranged plates that are opposite the coils of the external inductor; they form a set of connected pairs of coils that interact and form a field that rotates in the radial direction between the internal inductor and the external inductor.
    A coil 130a is connected to the coil 130 of the external inductor and is energized so that the ends of the coils opposite each other are of opposite polarity. Similarly, a coil 131a is connected to a coil 131. Coils 130a and 131a are wound on a magnetic steel inductor made of horizontal plates, a cooling circuit consisting of a central pipe 141 and outer return tubes 142 (Fig. 15) passes through the inductor.
    In a mixed embodiment, the implementation of the invention shown in FIG. 16, the electric heating devices of the furnace consist in a coking zone of heating devices due to electrical conductivity with an external electrode 150 and a central electrode 151; these electrodes are powered from the rectifier 152, and the induction heating device with an axial coil 153, the coil is powered by a medium frequency power source 154, and a mild steel core 156 of vertical plates arranged radially mounted in the column 157 of the electrode 151. The axial coil is located in the protrusion 155, on which the electrode is located, below this electrode.
    Such a mixed installation with a combination of inductive heating at the periphery of the bath with heating due to electrical conductivity in the center is designed for medium and high power furnaces. In this method are combined:
    - induction heating using a simple coil, coaxial with the furnace chamber and located in the refractory coating of the furnace. This coil, identical to the basic solution proposed for induction heating in Fig. 11, provides heating of the outer layers,
    - heating due to electrical conductivity (from a single-phase source or from a direct current source) of the briquette layer between the central electrode and the ring-shaped electrode. This arrangement is connected with the conduction current to the electrode, around which the briquettes are heated, because by reducing the cross section in these places, the current density and volumetric power increase.
    Such a combination of the induction coil with heating due to the passage of current between the central electrode and the outer electrode also makes it possible to cause a rapid rotation of the conduction currents due to the action of the field lines created by the outer coil on these currents. In the same way, the current lines between two electrodes are continuously renewed, thereby eliminating the predominant passage of current along the most electrically conductive sections of the briquettes, which leads to local overheating.
    Induction heating uses an alternating flow created by induction coils that are external to the mass of briquettes during coking; this heating eliminates for the most part problems associated with changes in contact resistance between briquettes and between briquettes and electrodes.
    The effect of several coils can be combined so that the induction lines are in the electric coking zone. All these possibilities make it possible to evenly distribute heating currents in the transverse direction, to avoid local overheating of briquettes near the coils and to avoid spurious heating currents outside the firing zone. Due to these advantages, the electromagnetic induction created in the briquette layer allows the volume power levels to be changed over a wide range. With an electric field gradient from 75 to 100 V / m, the generated power can reach values from 5 to 10 MW / m3 of hot coked briquettes, and if there are only conduction currents, the volumetric power is much less.
    This electrical power, exceeding the thermal coking needs, which is released in the mass of briquettes, can be used to recover carbon coke and volatile components of the binder, small particles of minerals or oxide powders that can be introduced into the briquettes. The reduction reactions that take place simultaneously with electric coking regulate the coking temperature of the briquettes and create strong metallized coke.
    The present invention includes a method for the production of molded coke, which allows you to add other components to the coal mixture for pressing briquettes:
    - fine particles and powders of iron oxides (concentrates, dust from metallurgical production and dust from blast furnace gases, dust from treatment plants, etc.),
    - fine particles of manganese minerals and dust in the production of ferro 1 manganese,
    - chromite concentrates for the production of ferrochrome,
    - silica and quartz particles used in the production of ferrosilicon.
    For all these different applications, the percentage of fine particles of minerals introduced into the coke mixture is limited by the electrical conductivity of the briquette layer, which cannot be less than 100 reverse Ohms (electrical conductivity of a homogeneous medium equivalent to the briquette layer at the temperature of the beginning of electrical coking, i.e. from 850 to 900 ° C).
    The invention relates to a method and device that allows you to dissipate, uniformly and uniformly, significant volumetric electric power generated due to the Joule effect of induction electric currents in a conductive granular medium, which due to this can be brought to a high temperature.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1]
    Claim
    1. A method for the production of molded coke, comprising supplying raw coal briquettes to a vertical shaft furnace in a downward moving bed through a preheating and removal zone of volatiles, a carbonization and coking zone, and a cooling zone, heating a moving 5 layer of coal briquettes in a carbonization and coking zone when passing through electric current, recovery and countercurrent recirculation of the resulting exhaust gases, characterized by 10 s in that, in order to increase the reactivity of molded coke, h Some of the recirculated gases are introduced into the pre-cooling zone, and the remaining part of the recirculated gases is fed into the final cooling zone 15, and after the final cooling zone, the exhaust gases are recycled to the upper part of the pre-heating zone.
    [2]
    2. A shaft furnace for the production of molded coke, comprising a tubular chamber having a preheating zone in the upper part, a second carbonization and coking zone in the middle and a coke-25 sa cooling zone in the lower part, sealed to the upper part of the chamber devices for introducing briquettes to means for removing the resulting distillation gases and coking coal connected to the lower part of the chamber of the device 30 for removing coke and a device for introducing gas returned to the cycle connected to the circulation pipe through the pump to the means for evacuating the generated gases, means of electric heating, located at the base of the second zone of carbonization and coking, characterized in that, in order to increase efficiency in the operation of the furnace, it contains an additional cooling chamber connected to the top 40 parts with means for removing coke from the third zone and at the outlet with a sealed discharge gateway and equipped with a secondary cooling flow supply pipe connected to the circulation pipe 45, and in the upper part of the pipeline m return of secondary cooling gases connected to the upper part of the chamber near the means for removal of distillation gases and coal coking. fifty
    [3]
    3. The furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric heating means contain one or more pairs of diametrically opposite electrodes located 55 in the chamber wall of the second carbonization and coking zone of coal, and in this zone, protrusions are made in the wall of the furnace to constrict the internal section chambers in which the electrodes are located. ______
    [4]
    4. The furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the electrodes are made in the form of ring-shaped segments, the profile of which in vertical section has an L-shape, one shoulder of the segment is located along the side of the protrusion, and the second shoulder is horizontal.
    [5]
    5. The furnace according to claim 4, with the fact that the furnace chambers have a circular cross section and the ring-shaped segments of the electrodes are separated from each other by partitions of refractory material in the form of an inclined plane corresponding to the inclination of the protrusion bounded by the profile L-shaped electrode.
    [6]
    6. The furnace according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that it is equipped with a hollow cowl made of refractory material installed in the chamber and a central electrode located therein, interacting with a peripheral electrode located along the inner wall of the chamber.
    [7]
    7. The furnace according to claim 5, characterized in that the fairing is mounted to move vertically by means of a rod passing through a rotating under the furnace.
    [8]
    8. The furnace according to p.Z. characterized in that the camera has a rectangular cross section and the electrodes are made rectilinear and mounted on protrusions located on opposite sides of the camera.
    [9]
    9. The furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric heating means comprise an external induction coil mounted coaxially with the chamber and located in its refractory coating of the furnace chamber.
    [10]
    10. Treat according to claim 9, characterized in that it comprises a hollow cowl of refractory material in which an inner magnetic sheet core is located.
    [11]
    11. The furnace of claim 10, characterized in that it contains an internal induction coil, coaxial with an external induction coil and wound around an internal magnetic core, and the coils are fed in one phase.
    [12]
    12. The furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that the means of induction heating consist of a plurality of pairs of induction coils located radially in the refractory wall of the furnace chamber, forming an external inductor that generates a rotating field intersecting horizontally the chamber.
    [13]
    13. The furnace according to item 12. characterized in that it has a hollow cowl made of refractory material, in which an internal inductor is arranged, consisting of a plurality of radial coils that interact to generate a rotating field between the external and internal inductors.
    [14]
    14. The furnace according to claim 2, wherein the electric heating means consists of a combination of at least a pair of electrodes — a central electrode and a peripheral electrode interacting with it and at least an external The auction coil, coaxial with the shaft and placed in the refractory coating of the furnace chamber.
    FIG. 1 l-4
    2.
    figure 4 ί - in-in
    Fi g. 9 L
    10
    IP
    Aa
    3 2a fi9.16
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR2587713B1|1987-12-18|
    WO1987002049A1|1987-04-09|
    ZA867313B|1987-05-27|
    BR8606892A|1987-11-03|
    DE3667297D1|1990-01-11|
    AU6405086A|1987-04-24|
    JPS63501019A|1988-04-14|
    US4867848A|1989-09-19|
    EP0240527A1|1987-10-14|
    CN86106940A|1987-07-01|
    CN1014152B|1991-10-02|
    AU590013B2|1989-10-26|
    KR880700048A|1988-02-15|
    EP0240527B1|1989-12-06|
    CA1297445C|1992-03-17|
    IN167885B|1991-01-05|
    FR2587713A1|1987-03-27|
    ES2001712A6|1988-06-01|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR8514291A|FR2587713B1|1985-09-26|1985-09-26|METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MOLDED COKE BY ELECTRIC HEATING IN A TANK OVEN AND TANK OVEN FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A COKE|
    PCT/FR1986/000332|WO1987002049A1|1985-09-26|1986-09-26|Method for producing moulded coke by electric heating in a shaft furnace and shaft furnace for producing such coke and electric heating method by means of a fluid conducting granulated bed|
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