![]() Electromagnet
专利摘要:
The invention relates to electrical engineering. The purpose of the invention is to improve performance. The electromagnet contains a frame, moving with respect to the bark, and a coil, (FR) covering the magnetic circuit, and the measles has a magnet, equipped with two pole tips, protruding on both sides beyond the limits of this magnet. At the same time, at least one of these pole tips has ends curved at right angles to create air gaps that create opposing forces in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet. The second measles, identical to the first, is parallel and opposite to the first. The two rods connect the gap zones of both Koreas, which are located opposite one another, so that the magnetic circuit forms the sequence of the core and the frame, forming a rectangle. The two coils are located on opposite sides of said rectangle. 9 hp f-ly, 5 ill. с (У) с со; о о Oi Ы 公开号:SU1349706A3 申请号:SU843812577 申请日:1984-11-15 公开日:1987-10-30 发明作者:Коэлер Жерар 申请人:Ля Телемеканик Электрик (Фирма); IPC主号:
专利说明:
The invention relates to an electromagnet having a PM and a measles containing a permanent magnet, having pole tips on its pole surfaces protruding beyond the limits of the axis of the magnet, while the relative movement of the core with respect to the PMs is perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet. magnet box The purpose of the invention is to improve performance. FIG. 1 shows the first embodiment of the proposed electromagnet, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - the same, the second option, a longitudinal section; Fig, 3 - the same, the third option, a longitudinal section; in fig. 4 - the same, a fourth option; in fig. 5 - the same, fifth option. The electromagnet (Fig. 1), operating with two stable positions, contains a bark 1 with an H-shaped cross section, movable with respect to the rm. Anchor 1 contains a permanent magnet 2, having on two polar surfaces two pole tips 3 and 4, which protrude on both sides beyond the axis of the magnet 2. One of the pole tips 4 has its ends curved with respect to the axis of the magnet 2 to form with the other pole tip 3 two gap zones into which the ends penetrate. Each gap zone contains two gaps, creating opposing forces F, F, in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the permanent magnet 2. Bending at the right angle of the ends of the pole tip 4 allows for parallel forces for both zones of the gap. FIG. 1, it can be seen that the movable block also contains a second measles 5, consisting of elements 6-, 7 and 8. This measles has the same shape as the first 1, and is located parallel and opposite to the first. In addition, the first coil 9 is arranged parallel to the second coil 10 Coils 9 and 10 each contain a frame 11 and 12 of plastic, which can be informed around PM 13 and 14, which play the role of a core for the corresponding coil 9 and 10. In addition, the ends 15 - 18 both rm 13 and 14 connect the gap zones of both Koreas 1 and 5, located opposite one another. Thus, the magnetic circuit of an electromagnet is formed by a sequence of core and rm, forming a rectangle. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, coils 9 and 10 are respectively located around pm 13 and 14, which form two opposite sides of a rectangle formed by a magnetic circuit. Plates 19 and 20 of a non-magnetic metal or alloy (brass) are fixed on the side surfaces of the plastic cages 11 and 12, which divide the ends of the pole tips 4, 8 and the coil cages curved at a right angle with a gap and guide the movement of magnetic coils 1 and 5 according to the direction of the forces 0 25 F four 5 and perpendicular five those. axes of coils b and 6, The electromagnet with two stable positions works as follows. When coils 9 and 10 are driven in the direction of H, the forces F., Fj are created on the cores x 1 and 5 and move the latter to one of the stable positions (downward as shown in Fig. 1). Conversely, when coils 9 and 10 are excited in the rfg direction, opposite to the H direction, false Directional forces F counter 40 2 4 from cores 1 and 5 and move the latter to another stable position (upwards according to fig. 1). The flux trajectory in the magnetic circuit of the electromagnet is shown by solid arrows when coils 9 and 10 are excited in the direction of H, and vice versa when coils 9 and 10 are excited 4g in the direction of H. - Dotted arrows. Direct and short connections exist between the opposite zones of the gap. Thanks to these zones, very little scatter flow is obtained. The trajectory of the magnetic flux that follows the contour of a rectangle or square approaches the ideal trajectory created in the toroidal core. The flow passes along this trajectory in one direction or another depending on the direction of the excitation of H or N. Mai HHTHbic potentials in coils and permanent magnets have a uniform distribution along the flow path. Along with this, it is noted j that the air gaps are located very close to coils 9 and 10. On the other hand, the design of an element of an electromagnet can be precisely positioned using plates 19 and 20, ri 13 and 14, which form flat cores for coils 9 and 10. Plates 19 and 20 can serve as a means of fastening an electromagnet. In a modified version, the width of the pole pieces 3 and 7 at the level of the air gaps could be more than the width shown so as to increase the surface of these air gaps. For the same purpose, the ends of the pole pieces 3 and 7 could be curved, like the ends of the pole pieces 4 and 8. In addition, the design of the electromag-25 element 14, penetrates into the nt-nzhny zones of the nita, allows easy removal of the katz-gap between Korya 1 and 5. Sheeks 9 and 10 and facilitates the connection. or after it is illogical to an electromagnet, illustratively in order to reduce the charge, in FIG. one. 30 However, the permanent magnet 22 amplifies the current. Along with this, by switching the polarities of the magnet 6, displacements are made in the opposite direction to the core. In addition, by performing a mechanical connection between the cores 1 and 5, they improve the impact strength of the electromagnet. Coils can also be installed around korea 1 and 5 in addition to coils 9 and 10 around pm 13 and 14. In an embodiment according to firms 2, an electromagnet contains, as in the case of FIG. 1, two fixed cores 1 and 5 with a cross section to the form B, arranged in parallel and opposite one another, and permanent magnets 2 and 6. Each measles 1, 5 consists of two pole tips 3 and 4, 7 and 8, The magnetic flux passes through the 1st direction in the direction of the arrows, shown as a solid line, and causes the displacement of the RM in the direction F., and against 40 45 Water flows to the magnetic flux in the opposite direction (arrows with a dotted line), which tend to move the frame in the direction of F ,; . However, this flow can occur due to the resistivity of the leakage between the elements 21.1 and 21.2 and the small thickness of the permanent magnet 22 compared to the thickness of the magnets 2 and 6, Thus, the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2, has a job with one stable position, while n, the upper position corresponds to protruding from both sides beyond the gg displacement of the rm in the F direction, and the working position corresponds to the displacement in the Fj direction. A permanent magnet, identical to the magnet 22, can be symmetrically mounted in the frame 14, divided into two elements 21.1, 21.2. In addition, flat opposite surfaces (Fig. 2) are 23 and 24. 25 and 26 plastic frameworks of coils 9 permanent magnet 2 and 6. In addition, as in the case of Fig. 1, the two coils 9 and 10 are located on opposite sides of said rectangle. Thus, two movable chambers 13 and 14 connect the zones of the gap opposite one another so that the magnetic circuit is formed goit on the pc sequence and kg p forming a rectangle. At the pole tip 4 and 8, the two ends are curved at a right angle and form with the other pole tip 3 and b two zones of a gap into which -: the opposite ends penetrate 15–18 pm 13, 14. The electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 is different from the electromagnet of FIG. 1 in that the coils 9 and 10 are placed around the node of each core 1 and 5. In addition, one of the magnetic PMs, for example, 14, consists of two elements 21.1 and 21.2 between which the size of the permanent magnet 22 is small. The end 18 of the element 21.2 is bent by the principle of the bayonet for its insertion into the continuation of the element 14, which is flat. The end of the 18, as well as the opposite end of the 17 flat The magnetic flux passes through the 1st direction in the direction of the arrows, shown as a solid line, and causes the displacement of the RM in the direction F., and opposite five Water flows to the magnetic flux in the opposite direction (arrows with a dotted line), which tend to move the frame in the direction of F ,; . However, this flow can occur due to the resistivity of the leakage between the elements 21.1 and 21.2 and the small thickness of the permanent magnet 22 compared to the thickness of the magnets 2 and 6, Thus, the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2, has a job with one stable position, while n, the upper position corresponds to 10 are located in the compartment with respect to the opposite ends of the poles of the lugs 3 and 7, the guiding means formed by the plate 27 connect both the frames 13 and 14, . The guide plate 27 may be connected to an external device (not shown), to which the joint movement of the PM, the core 5 and 6 and the coil 9 and can be transmitted. 10 in this case are fixed. The plate 27 may, for example, be made of brass and slide in slots 28 and 29 extending between the adjacent edges 15 of the frameworks 11 and 12 of the plastic of the coils 9 and 10. The plate 27 may be fixed in the hole of the chassis 13 or have a cut-out comprising a block formed by the elements 21.1 and 21.2 and a permanent magnet 22. Plate 27 may be replaced by two columns extending along both sides of coils 9 and 10. 25 Thus, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, pme 13, 14 are mobile, have low inertia with respect to two cores 1 and 5, which are fixed, which is 30 seconds expedient due to the speed of operation of the electromagnet. This inertia can still be reduced. It can be reduced by decreasing the length of the rm 13 and bending one end to the other ends of the pole ends 3 and 7, which would simultaneously increase the air gap surface. The frames 11 and 12 of the coils 9 and 10 in this case could easily be 40 molded onto the cores 1 and 5 under conditions that allow the exact position the surface of the gap. The dimensions in height in the direction of movement of the electromagnet shown in FIG. 2 are small, taking into account the fact that the coils 9 and 10 are opposite each other parallel to this movement. In addition, the guiding means allow insignificant non-parallelism of the RM. Thus, a complete closure of the air gaps is obtained even in the case when the position of the pole pieces is not very strict. FIG. 3 Measles 1 was turned on its axis and a cut was made at the level of the pole tip 3. Anchor 5 remains unchanged, but his coil is removed; on the contrary, measles 30, symmetrical with coco, is added. rem 5 with respect to koryu 1. The coil of element 30 is also removed. The guiding means of both pm 13 and 14 are not shown. The flow movement is depicted in the same way as previously, according to the field AND-H2 of the coil 9. Instead of circulating flow B in the form of a rectangle, the two opposite sides of which have coils, it is seen that there are two rectangles having a common side on which a single coil is located. Such a symmetrical arrangement has the advantage of being compact. It can be considered that the cuts depicted by the positions 5 and 30 are the image of the same core, curved by an arc, concentric to the ko-ryu 1, with the magnet 6 made of magnetic rubber. FIG. 4 measles 5 is curved 360 ° so as to form an electromagnet in shape, a pot. To improve symmetry, rotation, the central measles 1 also has a cylindrical shape and consists of a solid cylindrical pole tip 4 having extensions at its ends, which play the role of the ends curved at a right angle. Pole Tip 4 is covered by a ring magnet 2, magnetized radially, and he is covered by a hollow cylindrical pole tip 3. The thickness of the pole tips-. The box can decrease as the pot is removed from the axis. The yoke 13 and 14 are connected and guided by the elements 27 of the 1st movement of the electromagnet. They have a ring shape. Instead of having a cylindrical structure according to the axis of displacement, the arrangement of FIG. 2 so as to have a cylindrical arrangement along the axis perpendicular to the displacement, as in FIG. five, Coils 9 and 10 are curved in the form of arcs concentric with the center of the electromagnet, while the permanent magnets 2 and 6 have radial magnetization, the axis of symmetry or the main axis of which, as always, is perpendicular to the displacement F, -Fj. Pole ends Cushions 4 and 8 are no longer bent at a right angle, and the curvature of these tips, as well as the camber of parts 3, 7; 13 and 14, allows parallel forces for different zones of the gap. This arrangement requires more expensive tools than in the previous cases, but it allows you to have a circular flow path, which has a 10-minute gap, and less in each square than in a rectangular or square path. In addition, the permanent magnets are closer to the air gaps. In the same way, the arrangement of FIG. 4 so that on each side of the coil axis of the flow path in the plane of the figure is circular with a common central part. Thus, a 20-shaped trajectory is obtained in the form of a horizontal eight, which, due to symmetry along the axis of the coil, gives a volume in the form of a toroid, the internal part of which is occupied by a coil. In this way, a structure is obtained which minimizes the flow paths in the iron and the currents in copper. According to the invention, rma 14, 21 A pair of air gaps, the magnetic forces are directed opposite and perpendicular to the main axis of the permanent magnet, characterized in that, in order to improve performance, it is equipped with a second permanent magnet core, and the core and permanent magnets are of identical shape, core are arranged in parallel, each rm is introduced into the gaps, one of which is located at one core, and the other at the other5 and the indicated rm are located opposite each other so that the k-25 r and rm form consistent magnetism tny chain. 2. Electromagnet according to claim 1, which is based on the fact that it is equipped with an additional coil, and the core and (fig. 2) can have wings, the curved 30 rm form at the redline one measure, by 90 °, and the magnet in this case is a rectangle, and the coils are located 22 is located between these edges so that the position of the air gaps does not depend on the thickness of the magnet 22 and on the bending of the element 18. The air gaps described in the above examples refer to gaps of the type with a constant surface and a variable distance between the surfaces. Not going beyond the scope of the invention, an air gap with a variable surface with a constant distance between the surfaces can be obtained, for example, in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1, aligning the 15 g of the PM 13 end slightly below the level of the guide plate 19 and bringing the corresponding ends of the pole pieces 3 and 4 together. The air gaps are less effective than the gaps described by gn with regard to friction and the risk of incomplete closures. wives on opposite sides of the indicated rectangle. 3. Electromagnet according to claim 2, characterized in that the coils are located on the core, 4. Electromagnet according to claim 3,. O. T, which is based on the fact that at least one rotor consists of two parts, and a permanent magnet is installed between the ends of these two parts to enable operation with one stable position. 5. Electromagnet according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is provided with a guiding means mounted on the frames and installed independently with respect to the crust and to the coils, this guide means being intended to be connected to an external device to which the movement of said belts is transmitted. Invention Formula 1. Electromagnet containing rma, first measles and coil, covering part of the magnetic circuit, while the first measles is equipped with a permanent magnet with two pole tips, the ends of one of the indicated pole tips are bent towards the other pole tip so that between the pole tips there are two air gaps in which the condoms of the RM are inserted so that each of the said gaps is divided into two voz35 about g n five wives on opposite sides of the indicated rectangle. 3. Electromagnet according to claim 2, characterized in that the coils are located on the core, 4. Electromagnet according to claim 3,. O. T, which is based on the fact that at least one rotor consists of two parts, and a permanent magnet is installed between the ends of these two parts to enable operation with one stable position. 5. Electromagnet according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is provided with a guiding means mounted on the frames and installed independently with respect to the crust and to the coils, this guide means being intended to be connected to an external device to which the movement of said belts is transmitted. 6. Electromagnet on PP. 3-5, characterized in that the coil frames are made of plastic and accordingly are formed on the box. 7; An electromagnet according to claim 1, characterized in that it is. contains a third, central, measles, with 513 In this case, the first and second cores are located symmetrically to the central axis of the said core, and the magnetic circuit consists of two rectangles with one common branch, 8. Electromagnet according to claim 7, which is based on the fact that the central measles is equipped with a coil 9. Electromagnet for c, 1, o tl and-- Q nechnniki, as well as rma arched in due to the fact that the second measles is curved in the form of an arc concentric with the central rye, the magnetic axis of the second ten The core is directed to the central bark and only the first bark is provided with a coil for creating a pot-shaped electromagnet. 10. Electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that the coils, permanent magnets and pole diagrams are concentric to the central axis of the electromagnet, to increase the steepness of the flow characteristic. 6 G8 thirty //, 2. f | .f.: 13 H, | .f.: H, t F, . Fj H2 1 Fi f YU 12 FIG. five
权利要求:
Claims (10) [1] Claim 1. An electromagnet containing a yoke, a first armature and a coil covering part of the magnetic circuit, the first armature provided with a permanent magnet with two pole pieces, the ends of one of these pole pieces are bent to the side of the other pole piece so the pole pieces have two air gaps, den yoke ends I stuffy clearance; For a given pair of air gaps, the magnetic forces are directed opposite and perpendicular to the main axis of the permanent magnet, characterized in that ι that, in order to improve operational characteristics, it is equipped with a second anchor with a permanent magnet, and the anchors and permanent magnets are made of identical shape, the anchors are parallel moreover, each yoke is introduced into the gaps, one of which is located at one anchor, and the other at the other; The locations and said yoke us opposite each other so that one pn Thou and yoke form a magnetic circuit consistent. [2] 2. The electromagnet in π. 1, said there that it is provided with an additional coil, and the anchors and yokes form at least one rectangle, with the coils located on opposite sides of the specified rectangle. [3] 3. The electromagnet is revered for being anchored. [4] 4. An electromagnet in accordance with the fact that at least one yoke consists of tei, and a permanent magnet is installed between the ends of these two parts to ensure the possibility of working with one stable position. [5] 5. The electromagnet according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it is provided with a guiding means fixed on yokes and mounted independently with respect to the anchors and coils, this guiding means being intended for connection with an external device to which the movement is transmitted indicated by the jerk. [6] 6. The electromagnet according to paragraphs. 3-5, characterized in that the frame of the coils are made of plastic and accordingly molded into anchors. [7] 7; The electromagnet under item 1, characterized in that it. contains a third, central, anchor, with so that it is divided into so that between each of the two ukana are formed each 2, about t l and coil ras3, about τ l and for at least two hours9 1349706 the first and second anchors are symmetrically central axis of the indicated anchor, and the magnetic circuit consists of two rectangles with one common branch. [8] 8. The electromagnet according to claim 7, characterized in that the central armature is equipped with a coil. [9] 9. The electromagnet according to claim ’1, wherein the second armature is bent in the form of an arc concentrically to the central armature, the magnetic axis of the second armature is directed towards the central armature and only the first armature is equipped with a coil to create an electromagnet in the form of a pot. [10] 10. The electromagnet according to claim 3, characterized in that the coils, permanent magnets and pole pieces, as well as the yoke, are curved in the form of arcs concentric with the central axis of the electromagnet to increase the steepness of the flow characteristic. 72 S 74 FIG. 1 F7 F2 J 22 21 23 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. Ts FIG. 5
类似技术:
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日 FR2554960A1|1985-05-17| JPS60123006A|1985-07-01| FR2554960B1|1987-06-26| ES292049Y|1987-10-16| DE3467951D1|1988-01-14| JPH0332898B2|1991-05-15| US4604599A|1986-08-05| EP0146421B1|1987-12-02| ES292049U|1987-03-16| CA1222540A|1987-06-02| EP0146421A1|1985-06-26|
引用文献:
公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题 NL88383C|1952-05-28| DE1037593B|1955-07-16|1958-08-28|Siemens Ag|Poled electromagnet system| GB806455A|1956-10-23|1958-12-23|Telephone Mfg Co Ltd|Improvements relating to polarised electromagnetic devices| FR1332740A|1962-06-08|1963-07-19|Rech Etudes Prod|Rectilinear displacement polarized magnetic circuit| FR1417292A|1964-09-30|1965-11-12|Electric motor with magnetic circuit in bridge| AT290657B|1967-09-26|1971-06-11|Villamos Berendezes Es Keszule|Switching device| NL7012890A|1970-08-31|1972-03-02| FR2358006B1|1976-07-09|1980-08-29|Manuf Fse App Electr| FR2388386B1|1977-04-18|1981-02-13|Francaise App Elect Mesure| JPS5636109A|1979-08-31|1981-04-09|Matsushita Electric Works Ltd|Monostable type polar electromagnet| AT384497B|1981-04-30|1987-11-25|Sds Relais Ag|POLARIZED RELAY| FR2520152B1|1982-01-20|1986-02-28|Telemecanique Electrique|ELECTRO-MAGNET WITH MOBILE EQUIPMENT WITH PERMANENT MAGNET WITH MONOSTABLE OPERATION|FR2586324B1|1985-08-16|1988-11-10|Telemecanique Electrique|DIRECT CURRENT ELECTROMAGNET WITH TRANSLATION MOTION| JPH057847B2|1986-06-02|1993-01-29|Fuji Electric Co Ltd| JPH0379854B2|1986-08-08|1991-12-20|Seiji Yamamoto| JPH0752690B1|1986-12-26|1995-06-05| US4814732A|1987-08-28|1989-03-21|Tektronix, Inc.|Magnetic latching actuator| DE3852624T2|1987-12-23|1995-05-04|Electric Power Res Inst|Polarized electromagnet.| JPH07118252B2|1988-06-09|1995-12-18|松下電工株式会社|Remote control type circuit breaker| US4847581A|1988-08-01|1989-07-11|Lucas Ledex Inc.|Dual conversion force motor| US4855700A|1988-08-01|1989-08-08|Lucas Ledex Inc.|Dual conversion force motor| US5268662A|1988-08-08|1993-12-07|Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd.|Plunger type electromagnet| JP2552179B2|1988-09-29|1996-11-06|三菱電機株式会社|Polarized electromagnet device| US5034714A|1989-11-03|1991-07-23|Westinghouse Electric Corp.|Universal relay| DE4214284A1|1992-04-30|1993-11-04|Schneider Co Optische Werke|ELECTROMAGNETIC LINEAR MOTOR| FR2705510B1|1993-05-19|1995-07-13|Moving Magnet Tech|Short-stroke single-phase electromagnetic actuator with good force-to-power ratio.| DE19509195B4|1995-03-14|2004-07-22|Siemens Ag|DC magnet system with permanent magnet support| US5809157A|1996-04-09|1998-09-15|Victor Lavrov|Electromagnetic linear drive| DE29905883U1|1999-03-31|1999-06-17|Festo Ag & Co|Electromagnetic drive device| FR2846469B1|2002-10-23|2004-12-03|Schneider Electric Ind Sas|MODULAR ACTUATOR FOR SWITCHING APPARATUS| JP2004298428A|2003-03-31|2004-10-28|Shinko Electric Co Ltd|Device for shooting pachinko game ball| US6870454B1|2003-09-08|2005-03-22|Com Dev Ltd.|Linear switch actuator| US20050067143A1|2003-09-08|2005-03-31|Glacialtech, Inc.|Heat conductive seat with liquid| FR2895594B1|2005-12-22|2008-03-07|Sagem Defense Securite|DEVICE FOR LINEAR DISPLACEMENT OF A BODY BETWEEN TWO PREDETERMINED POSITIONS| DE102012107922A1|2012-08-28|2014-03-06|Eto Magnetic Gmbh|Electromagnetic actuator device| DE112013004972A5|2012-10-12|2016-01-21|RHEFOR GbR |Scalable highly dynamic electromagnetic linear actuator with limited stroke and low shear forces| CN103515050A|2013-09-18|2014-01-15|浙江科技学院|Groove step surface self-returning type electromagnet|
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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题 FR8318184A|FR2554960B1|1983-11-16|1983-11-16|ELECTRO-MAGNET COMPRISING CYLINDER HEADS AND AN ARMATURE COMPRISING A PERMANENT MAGNET PROVIDED ON ITS POLAR FACES, OF POLAR PARTS EXTENDING THE AXIS OF THE MAGNET, THIS AXIS BEING PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT| 相关专利
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