• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to vessels for navigation in the open sea and in an ice-covered basin. The aim of the invention is to increase the ship's near-conductivity and increase its stability with the least power required. The vessel contains a pontone-shaped bow tip 1 in the waterline zone and above it, the bottom of which in the lower part is made with a portion of the frontal surface 2 inclined at an acute angle to the plane of the waterline, as well as the aft end with motive forces located in it. The portions of the transition of the side walls of the pontoon-shaped fore end of the ship hull to the frontal surface 2 of the bottom are formed by the side ribs 3 located along the bow end partly curved in the longitudinal direction. The transition section of the frontal surface of the bottom into the aft section thereof under the constructive waterline is made curved downwards or with a break. The lobov surface of the bottom is made expanding in the direction of the feed and passes into the underwater nose with U-shaped frames. 20 hp f-ly, 12 ill. ; / § SO oo o 00 oo oo SP h /
    公开号:SU1308188A3
    申请号:SU823510549
    申请日:1982-11-04
    公开日:1987-04-30
    发明作者:Ваас Хайнрих；Фрайтас Айрес；Шультц Юрген；Варгес Гюнтер
    申请人:Тиссен Нордзееверке Гмбх (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    113
    The invention relates to shipbuilding, in particular to vessels for navigation on the high seas and ice-covered basin.
    The aim of the invention is to increase the ice capacity at the lowest power required to move the vessel, and to increase the stability of the vessel.



    Figure 1 shows the hull of the vessel in axonometric projection, General view; Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the bow end of the ship hull, general view; on fig.Z - the principle of the vessel in the ice; figure 4 - section aa in figure 2; FIG. 3 is a top view of the bow end of the hull; figure 6 - section aa in figure 2 (option); Fig. 7 shows the design of the bow end of the ship hull in an axonometric projection (option) in Fig. 3 shows a section along the planes of the frames of the vessel in accordance with a variant of its bow tip in Fig. 7; in fig. 9 - operation of the hull of the vessel in the nasal tip when interacting with ice; figure 10 is the same, the nasal tip, the cross section; figure 11 is the same, the area of the bottom of the vessel, the cross-section; Fig. 12 shows an embodiment of the bow end of a ship hull with a wave damping assembly.
    The ice float vessel of FIG. 1 contains, in its pontoon-shaped fore end 1 extending for a considerable part of the width of the vessel, a frontal surface 2 inclined at an acute angle to the plane of the waterline. The front surface 2 is bounded on its outer side edges by two side ribs 3, partially curved in the longitudinal direction, protruding to the side in comparison with the hull of the vessel located above. Lobovaya surface 2 is located from front to back, increasing in the transverse direction of the vessel, taking the form of a dome, curved down, or has a fracture.
    The lower part of frames 4 between both lateral protrusions, starting from the point of the length of the vessel, where the front surface 2 reaches in the center plane 5 of the vessel to its bottom 6 (at least the plane of the main frames 7), is made decreasing if the stern in the transverse
    direction of the vessel and vaulted down or with a break.
    The side ribs 3 extend the greater part of the length of the vessel towards the stern as compared with the bulb-like projections 8. The protrusions 8 move rearwardly into the side walls of the 9 propeller tunnels.
    The side ribs 3 in cross section are made mainly with an arched profile, but may also be pointed.
    Directed forward upward, the front surface 2 can pass back into the underwater nose with V-shaped frames. In their end zone, the frontal surface is made slightly broken in the middle part and thus forms a gradual, not too sharp, transition to the underwater nose with V-shaped frames. Further towards the stern, the frames take a trapezoidal shape, the contours of which are formed by the bottom 6 of the vessel and the adjacent side lines that are directed steeper than the preceding V-shaped frames.
    The side ribs 3 are located in the nose area, at least slightly below the structural waterline 10 in two parallel diametral planes 5 lateral restrictive surfaces so that they together form the widest part of the underwater part of the vessel.
    Anteriorly directed forehead 2 contains on average
    the section of its longitudinal extent near (in particular, below the structural waterline 10) the lower limits of the frames extending horizontally in the transverse direction of the vessel,
    whereby in this area the frontal surface forms a plane. The side ribs 3 are directed forward beyond the frontal surface 2 above the structural waterline 10 and move into two hollowed above-water bodies 11, with respect to which the shape of the vessel in the zone of the diametral plane 5 retreats back and rises up steeper than both forms 11.
    In addition, the shape of the vessel above the longitudinal position of the side ribs 3 is formed by concave inward frames.
    The nose end 1 of the hull of a vessel with ice-breaking properties contains, according to the embodiment of FIG. 2, a flat frontal surface 2, to which a V-shaped part of the underwater nose part adjoins. The upward-facing front surface 2 has corner points 12-15, which are located approximately in the same plane on sharp edges.
    The forward frontal face 2 of the nose tip gradually passes slightly below the waterline into a V-shaped underwater bow of the vessel. The width of the nose tip 1 in front of the corner points 16 and 17 is larger than the width of the rest of the vessel in contact with ice.
    The lobovaya surface 2 of the pontoon-shaped tip 1 and the V-shaped underwater nose section pass into the bottom of the transition surfaces 19 and 20 that are attached to the forward 18 inclined forward 18 and directed side to side.
    The side walls 21 with their corner points 12, 22, 16, 23 and 13, 24, 17, 25 of the pontoon-like nasal tip 1 are separated from the cutting edges 26, 27 and 28, 29 upward to the waterline 10 so strongly inward and inward that the cutting edges protrude laterally beyond the width of the hull that is under water. The cutting edges form the widest part of the ship hull section coming into contact with ice.
    Referring to Fig. 4, the side walls 30 and 31 (sides) of the nasal tip are located at an acute angle oL to the vertical planes 32 tangent to their lower edges, and are inclined toward the diametral plane, forming a gap 33 with vertical planes and with ice 34 ( ice field).
    In the case of the embodiment of the nasal tip shown in Fig. 6, the corner points 12,16 and 13,17 are located, as shown in Fig. 4.
    The angle of inclination of the side walls 30 and 31 of the pontoon-like fore end 1 to the vertical planes is made according to FIG. 5 in the direction of the aft end.
    The embodiment of FIG. 6 provides that both side
    the walls 30 and 31 contained protruding 35 and 36 protruding outwards at their lower edges, which protrude to the side beyond the rest of the vessel hull width.
    According to another embodiment, a vessel with ice-breaking properties comprises a frontal surface 2 (Fig. 8 and dotted line), which extends the entire width of the vessel and is directed forward upwards. The frontal surface 2 is located approximately halfway below the structural waterline 10. At both outer edges of the frontal surface 2 there are cutting edges 37 extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel, which are on rod-shaped, symmetrically relative to the diametrical plane, 5 sliding and crushing profiles x 38 ( side skids x), as well as two side bounding planes 39, which define the largest hull width of the icebreaking vessel. Each of the side ice-cutting polos 38 in their bounding plane 39 is slightly curved. This slight bending in the longitudinal direction also follows. forward-facing frontal surface 2. In the middle partial section of its longitudinal extent near, in particular, below the constructive waterline 10, the frontal surface 2 contains horizontal, P1, effectively straight lines, lower limits attached to the frames, so that it forms a plane. With its continuation further forward, the frontal surface 2 is made in the transverse direction for a gradual transition into the nose part slightly arched-concave, since the above-water nose part in the forward direction goes up into two roll-like bow 40, relative to which the nose part in the diametral plane 5 retreats back and steeper (as compared with the 40step) and rises up.
    Directed forward upward, the front surface 2 passes in the rear direction into the underwater nose with frames 41 having a V-shaped in the lower part. In its final section, the frontal surface 2 is therefore made with a light-to-m break in the middle and thus creates a not-too-steep transition to the underwater nose with frames made in their lower part in a V-shape. Further, the frames take a trapezoidal shape, the contours of which are formed by the bottom lines 42 and the adjacent lateral and 43 lines, which are steeper than the V-shaped frames 41, are directed upwards.
    Large sized ice floe and prevent its destruction into many pieces. In the back area
    The nasal part of the vessel has the greatest extent, controllably, to produce different widths (FIG. 8). This width, respectively, divided into two parts approximately welcomes the distance between the cutting edges 37 on the Slide skids x 38 (i.e., between the limiting planes 39) and has a length of 15 respectively the underwater bow of the vessel laterally shaded. . The outboard skids 38 are transferred to the side and side skids 38. the projections 47 of the ship's hull.
    7 and 8 by a dotted line indicate the thick ice of the waterline 48, the walkway of the frontal surface 2 near 20 indicates the draft of the vessel, the structural waterline 10, where the frontal surface is practically a plane. For this area, it is slightly concave in the middle part, and in the rear area 25 we have cut edges, the middle has a slight fracture and is broken off from the ice floor and is preserved by the central ice-cutter 44. The rest of the hull the nasal part recedes backward (to the zone of
    for example, after loading with ballast water. Due to this measure, a greater bending moment is created when an approximately rectangular ice plane is broken, relative to the runners 38 and 44, as well as to both of the tips, at least in the area of that part of the hull that is brought into contact with a hard ice cover or with just one broken piece ice floes.
    All other icebreaking properties are located on the vessel. At the same time, the front surface 2 is inclined forward up almost completely under water.
    Figure 9 shows an ice-floating vessel in a transverse section behind a structural waterline 10 on a side surface 2 (Fig. 7.8) in the front section of the central skid 44 From the ice floor 34 is cut by means of cutting edges 37 of an ice floe and under the action of a bending force is broken off by one piece 49 along an invisible transverse line from the ice field 34.
    Located in the diametral plane 5, the central runner 44 is directed from the rear underwater section of the flat frontal surface 2 along the underwater nose with frames 41 having a lower V-shaped profile to the bottom 45. The area shown in FIG. 7, FIG. 8 is shaded plot. Initially, the approximately triangular profile 46 of the central runner 44 becomes trapezoidal, the pointed part pointing down. Such a shape of the central skid 44 allows an incision to be made in an ice floe completely broken from the ice cover, thus creating the line of a predetermined fault. The lower edge of the central runner 44 has a slightly greater inclination in the zone of the frontal surface 2 than the lower edge (cutting edge
    37) lateral runners 38. The slope relative to the contours is reduced in the direction in the stern. Starting from the height of the profile of the central runner and the height of the V-o. Of the various frames, it is possible to ensure the selection of the optimal cut of the floe by the central runner, taking into account other design features of the vessel. In addition, it is a large-sized ice floe and prevents its destruction into many pieces. In the back area
    It is controlled, in order to break into two parts of the near-bow fore part of the vessel, the side skids 38 pass into the side projections 47 of the ship's hull.
     In Figs. 7 and 8, thick ice is indicated by the stroke of the waterline 48, indicating the draft of the vessel, with cut lateral edges broken out of the ice floor and preserved
    for example, after loading with ballast water. Due to this measure, a greater bending moment is created when an approximately rectangular ice breaks. In Fig. 7 and 8, a thick ice is indicated to the waterline 48, indicating the draft of the vessel, with cut edges, broken out of the ice field, and preserving

    All other icebreaking properties are located on the vessel. At the same time, the front surface 2 is inclined forward up almost completely under water.
    Figure 9 shows an ice-floating vessel in a transverse section behind the structural waterline 10 on the frontal surface 2 (Fig. 7.8) in the front section of the central skid 44. From the ice field 34 is cut out by means of the cutting edges 37 of the floe and under the action of a bending force is broken off by one piece 49 along an invisible transverse line from the ice field 34.
    Nosov pontrnoobrazny extremity 1 of the hull of the vessel of ice navigation contains, according to a variant on
    Fig.12 frontal surface 2, which is adjacent to a V-shaped underwater nose part. The forward-facing front face 2 has angular inflection points 50-53, which are located above the waterline approximately in the same plane. The action of the sharp edges of the sides can be enhanced by the use of teeth 54.
    The forward frontal face 2 of the nose section gradually passes slightly below the waterline into the V-shaped part of the underwater area of the vessel. The width of the nose tip 1 in front of the corner points 55 and 56 is the same or even slightly larger than the width of the rest of the vessel. Beyond the corner points 55 and 56, the width of the nose tip 1 is noticeably reduced.
    The V-shaped part of the underwater area of the vessel, adjacent to the pontoon-like fore end 1 of the hull of the vessel with ice-breaking properties, passes into the frontal surface 2 with the help of side-facing, upward and forward
    57 and 58 transition surfaces, a adopted runner 44 and a lifting force on
    mocking to the stem 59.
    The pontoon-shaped nose end 1 is equipped with a series of wave damping nozzles 60, located from the left to the right side approximately at the waterline 10. Water, air or a mixture of water and air are discharged through the nozzles 60. Nozzles 60 are located predominantly below the structural waterline 10 in the zone
    frontal surface 2 bow 1 of the vessel. These nozzles 60 are installed 1- The vessel for sailing in the open is modified so that with the help of water, air, or a mixture of water and air discharged from them it is possible to damp the waves beating to the nasal tip.
    a sea and an ice-covered basin containing a 30-liter scientific research institute located in the water-zone and above the pontoon-like bow end of the hull, the bottom of which in the lower part is made with a portion of the frontal surface extending for most of the width of the core
    The nozzles 60 are connected to nozzles installed on the hull of the ship-J assemblies or may be integral
    the sea and the ice-covered basin containing the pontoon-shaped fore-end of the ship hull located above the water-line of the SRI and above it, the bottom of which in the lower part is made with a portion of the frontal surface extending for most of the width of such units, which are 35 inclined forward and
    upwards to the plane of the waterline, as well as the aft end with movers placed in it, characterized in that, in order to increase the ice, it is necessary to introduce ice-drift 60 with the least amount of nozzles into the ice. the power required for the front end 1. the cushion and the increase in stability,
    The ice float vessel of the exploitation — the portions of the side walls of the ponra are made so that the suction funnels of these nozzle installations can be kept free of ice when the vessel is in covered
    Routes in ice as follows.
    When moving the nasal tip 1 in the ice field 34 is inclined inward relative to the vertical plane 32 of the side wall 30 or
    The hull of the ship's bottom in the frontal surface of the hull of the hull is formed of bead-shaped ribs along this nose, partly curved in the longitudinal direction, and the nose part makes it possible to form, with protrusions outward from the housing 33, outwardly protruding from the body 33. - sa and forming the widest part of the rym ice field 34 (see figure 4), the underwater section of the hull, thereby preventing the transition area of the frontal force transfer F, The bottom surface in the aft of his students in FIG. 3. The gap 33 increases the drain under the constructive waterline in the upper direction, and it can be curved downward or with a fracture, and also increases in the direction of the frontal surface of the bottom towards the stern of the vessel, as in Fig.5, where the stern extends the ship's nasal part is shown in plan.
    81888
    not. The formation of such a gap can be advantageous for a strong compression of ice, and it is advisable to increase the gap both from the bottom up and from front to back. In this case, the friction between the hull of the vessel and the side of the solid ice cover will disappear. In the embodiment according to Fig. 7, the central runner 44 makes an incision along the midline of the piece 49 of the floe, thereby forming the line of the specified fracture. In the underwater nose with V-shaped frames (FIG. 10, cross section), the central
    the edges of the floe cause it to break into two approximately equal halves. On the downstream part of the hull, these halves are diverted to the outside and fall under the ice cover 34 (Fig. 11, cross section).
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    25 claims
    1- Vessel for sailing in the open
    the sea and the ice-covered basin containing the pontoon-like fore tip of the hull located in the waterline and above it, the bottom of which in the lower part is made up with a portion of the frontal surface extending over most of the width of the cortex 91308188
    2. Vessel POP.1, characterized by the fact that the side edges of the transition sections of the side walls of the bow tip in its bottom have an arched profile in the section sections of the frames.
    [2]
    3. Vessel POP.1, characterized in that the side edges of the transition sections of the bead walls of the nasal tip at its bottom have sharp edges in sections of the frames
    [3]
    4. The vessel according to claims 1–3, which is such that the transition sections of the sides in the bottom of the hull are “bottoms” in the frontal surface of its nose, the bottoms are formed. bulbous protrusions located along the hull of the vessel and smoothly mating with the profile of the sections
    [4]
    11. The vessel according to claims 3-10, that is, ice-cutting
    the transition of the side-walls of the nasal eye-20 cops are made in the form of runners
    infinity at its bottom.
    5. Vessel according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the bulbous parts of the junction of the sides in the bottom of the hull, and at the tip of the bow, smoothly mate with the side walls of the tunnels, made in the aft end of the hull for accommodating propellers propellers.
    [5]
    6.SUDNO on PP.3-5, characterized in that the side edges with sharp edges in the transition section of the side walls of the nasal tip into the frontal surface of its bottom are made straight or curved, provided with ice-cutting elements placed on them, and
    [6]
    The lower part of the bow of the ship hull is equipped with 40 other ice-cutting elements installed along its center along the hull.
    7. Vessel according to claims 1-6, characterized in that the bottoms of the participating 35
    [7]
    25
    thirty
    Stacks of frames are made of trapezoidal and having a lower flat base parallel to the plane of the waterline.
    8. A vessel according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at the bottom of the hull of the vessel, in the fore end beyond the frontal surface, there is a V-shaped projection in the planes of the frames forming the underwater body.
    [8]
    9. Vessel according to claims 1-8, for aphids, so that the side walls of the pontoon-like bow are located at an acute angle
    [9]
    ten
    to vertical planes tangential to their lower edges, and made in the direction of the median plane.
    10. The vessel according to claims 1-9, which is the fact that the front end of the pontoon-like bow is made with a depression forming with the side walls of this nose part two surface stems symmetrically arranged on both the sides with respect to the diametrical plane and the sections of the transition of the side walls of the nozzle area that are passing into the frontal surface of the povoshoi passing into its side edges with its lower edges.
    [10]
    11. The vessel according to claims 3-10, that is, ice-cutting elements
    [11]
    five
    sharp cutting edges, the central of which is located in the median plane, and the other two side skid mounted on the side 5 edges of the sections of the transition of the side walls of the pontoon-like bow tip in the front surface of the bottom of the latter.
    12. Vessel pop.9, characterized by the fact that the angle of inclination of the side walls of the pontoon-like bow tip to the vertical planes is made increasing towards the aft tip.
    [12]
    13. Vessel pop.11, characterized by the fact that the skid of ice-cutting elements have a rod-like profile.
    [13]
    14. Vessel according to claim 13, of the case where the central rod-shaped profile of the skid of the ice-cutting element is located at the top of the corner of the V-shaped profile of the underwater protrusion on the bottom.
    [14]
    in this plane of the frame.
    15. Vessel according to claim 14, characterized in that the length of the central rod-shaped profile of the skid of the ice-cutting element does not exceed
    [15]
    0 the length of the nasal tip.
    16. Vessel according to Claim 14, characterized in that the central rod-shaped profile of the skid of the ice-cutting element is made bent in the diatomic plane.
    [16]
    17. The vessel according to claim 11, characterized in that the cutting edges of the side skids of ice-cutting elements with their stern ends of the rim 5
    [17]
    wives with bulbous protrusions of sections of the vessel hull crossings at the bottom of the latter.
    18. Vessel according to claim 11, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the center runner of the ice-cutting member is inclined to the waterline plane at a greater angle than the angles of inclination to the waterline plane of the longitudinal axes of the side skids of the ice-cutting members.
    [18]
    19. Vessel according to claim 18, characterized in that the deviation of the angle of inclination to the waterline plane of the longitudinal axis of the central runner from the angle of inclination to the plane of the waterline of the longitudinal axes of the side skids decreases in the direction from the bow tip to the aft tip.
    [19]
    08i
    ten
    f5
    8812
    20. Vessel according to claims 1-19, which is designed so that the pontoon nose is equipped with a wave damping nozzle group mounted in its lower part with the frontal side; air or water mixes located in a row from one side wall to the other opposite side wall across the hull.
    [20]
    21. The vessel according to claim 20, characterized in that the number of damping nozzles of implementation is located under a constructive waterline. Priority points
    [21]
    11.06.82p.1,2,4,5,7,10;
    05.11.81 pp 3,9,12,19; 20 11.09.82, on PP.8, 20,21;
    03.02.82pp.6.10,11,13-18.
    ten
    27 W
    1if
    Fi.2.
    thirty
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    Fi.Z
    1308188
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    12.16
     A., A.AHCHA / 3.77
    32
    /
    1 75
    FIG. five
    FIG.
    Aa
    W
    37
    /
    3
    / U
    .. at 12,
    Fuz. five
    7 hh
    hell,
    6
    33
    Fig.8
    34
    8.37
    V
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    Je.37
     YU
    In ///// /////// /.
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    D17
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    se
    (Rig. P
    Editor M.Nedoluzhenko
    Compiled by V. Starhyh
    Tehred M. Khodanich Proofreader A.Obruchar
    Order 1645758
    Circulation 409Subscribe
    VNISh State Committee of the USSR
    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
    Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, Projecto st., 4
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DK487582A|1983-05-06|
    NO162221C|1989-11-29|
    KR860002189B1|1986-12-30|
    EP0079002A1|1983-05-18|
    DD204232A5|1983-11-23|
    ES275563Y|1985-03-01|
    FI823692A0|1982-10-28|
    NO823671L|1983-05-06|
    FI823692L|1983-05-06|
    US4506617A|1985-03-26|
    FI75532B|1988-03-31|
    DE3268881D1|1986-03-13|
    NO162221B|1989-08-21|
    PT75798B|1985-01-28|
    PL144286B1|1988-05-31|
    GR77123B|1984-09-07|
    AR229710A1|1983-10-31|
    PT75798A|1982-12-01|
    ES275563U|1984-08-01|
    PL238845A1|1983-05-23|
    AU9012282A|1983-05-12|
    FI75532C|1989-08-22|
    EP0079002B1|1986-01-29|
    CA1187342A|1985-05-21|
    BR8206409A|1983-09-06|
    KR840002310A|1984-06-25|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    RU2487043C2|2011-07-12|2013-07-10|Государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Сахалинский государственный университет"|Vessel of increased stability in heavy gale|
    RU2535382C2|2012-10-24|2014-12-10|Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации. Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "САХАЛИНСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ"|Finishing boat for northern seas|
    RU2573186C2|2010-12-30|2016-01-20|Акер Арктик Текнолоджи Ой|Ship with enhanced performances for navigation in ice|
    RU2630871C1|2016-07-01|2017-09-13|Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Крыловский государственный научный центр"|Closed-type lifeboat for evacuation and saving of personnel of marine oil and gas platforms, transport and technological ships in ice conditions|US2191904A|1937-12-07|1940-02-27|William P Baker|Ship's hull|
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    GB1096809A|1966-10-19|1967-12-29|Ts Tekhn Kb Min Rechnogoflota|Shallow-draught vessel|
    FR2028675A1|1969-01-17|1970-10-16|Sogreah|
    US3706295A|1970-03-18|1972-12-19|Emanuele Iozza|Ice breaking passive bow|
    US3727571A|1971-07-07|1973-04-17|Exxon Research Engineering Co|Icebreaking cargo vessel|
    CA1014016A|1973-08-30|1977-07-19|Heinrich Waas|Icebreaker vessel|
    DE2823075A1|1978-05-26|1979-11-29|Weser Ag|Hull for ice-breaker ship - has overhanging profiles to push floes under ice sheet|
    DE2823074A1|1978-05-26|1979-11-29|Weser Ag|Clearer for ice-breaker hull - has angled water jets in bows to keep floes from under hull|DE3523763A1|1985-07-03|1987-01-08|Thyssen Nordseewerke Gmbh|REAR PROTECTOR FOR ICEBREAKING SHIPS|
    DE3630578A1|1986-09-09|1988-03-10|Thyssen Nordseewerke Gmbh|ICEBREAKING SHIP|
    DE8802053U1|1988-02-18|1989-06-15|Thyssen Nordseewerke Gmbh, 2970 Emden, De|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE3143857|1981-11-05|
    DE3203468|1982-02-03|
    DE3221924|1982-06-11|
    DE3233816|1982-09-11|
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