• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A techniqu for producing measurements of physical characteristics of subsurface media near a borehole penetrating the earth is disclosed that uses multiple transducers positioned along a borehole tool. A number of transducers of a first type, such as transmitters, are separated from each other along the tool by a preselected separation, and a number of transducers of a second type, such as receivers, are separated from each other by the same separation and are positioned on the tool at a preselected distance from the transducers of the first type. The technique contemplates the use of appropriate circuitry for producing measurements, using different combinations of transducers, of physical characteristics of the subsurface media at different positions along the borehole. Furthermore, different combinations of measurements produced at different borehole positions may be compared or combined to produce improved measurements that are compensated for borehole effects and other errors.
    公开号:SU1301322A3
    申请号:SU772484353
    申请日:1977-05-17
    公开日:1987-03-30
    发明作者:А.Шастер Ник
    申请人:Шлюмбергер Оверсиз,С.А. (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to automatic compensated measurement devices in a borehole.
    Various measuring devices are known in a borehole, in which measurements are made using two receivers and one sensor (T-RR, where T is a sensor, R is a receiver), however such devices do not compensate for the tool tilt relative to the axis of the borehole. To eliminate skewing, an additional sensor may be provided, forming a tool that has a T-RR-T arrangement.
    Each of the two sensors can be selectively controlled, and the propagation time to each of the two receivers can be measured.
    However, in downhole tools such as T-RK-T, increasing the distance T-R entails lengthening the tools as the distance T-R doubles. Longer tools are undesirable due to the high cost of transportation and the difficulty of lowering them into a skewed or tilted borehole.
    Measuring devices are also known in which the longer T-R distances in the T-RR-T set-up increase the length of the trigger sled, which reduces the likelihood of the trigger sled in continuous contact with the borehole wall.
    The partial compensation is also known. a toolless system without a change in tool length, in which at least two different measurements are stored for two different distances. This leads to a rise in the cost of the system and a high level of problems with the depth of installations, such as those introduced by tool movement. In addition, tool compensation is not always complete.
    It is also known a device that uses an additional receiver to each of the two existing ones. Each additional receiver is separated from the existing one by a short distance corresponding to approximately double displacement due to refractive error (one offset for each of the two different directions of reception). Thus, four receivers are used.
    five
    0
    five
    two for each direction of admission. However, such an implementation complicates management and increases cost.
    A measurement device in a borehole is known, comprising two groups of transducers fastened along a support element mounted for movement in the well and extending along a direction parallel to its direction of movement, measuring equipment including a memory unit, a control unit and a display unit.
    However, such an embodiment of the device requires an extension of the tool, complicates management and increases cost.
    The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy by compensating for the deviation of the borehole and / or deviation of transducers inside the borehole.
    The goal is achieved by the fact that in the device for measuring 1 in bu0
    0
    transducers mounted along a support element mounted for movement in the well and extending along a direction parallel to the direction of its movement, measuring equipment including memory block 5, control unit and indication block I, receiving transducers placed from one another on the same the distances along the line, as transmitting converters, and placed on one side of them, and the converters of both groups have the same performance,
    e At THIS, the measuring apparatus is equipped with a unit for selecting and combining measurements, to the input of which there are connected groups of transducers and outputs of the memory unit, and to the outputs l the display unit and control unit.
    FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a measurement device; FIGS. 2 and 3 show two separate positions of the I and L transducers at the depth marks d.j and in FIG. 4 four two and J at the depth marks d
    five
    wives
    and dy,
    The device includes a downhole tool 1 with a sensor array containing four transducers 2-5. The arrangement can enter a tool that is designed as a hollow spindle adapted for central or eccentric work, or in a triggering sled element with sensors located on the sled for working in close contact with the borehole wall.
    Subsequent explanations suggest that the tool has been lowered to the bottom of the well so that it can then slowly return to the surface by mechanically controlling the recording cable 6, which is wound on the winch 7, on the surface, which ensures the transmission of a signal and commands between the tool and the block 8 surface controls. Thus, the movement of the tool southeast will be directly related to the movement on the surface of the wire rope.
    The ground control unit 8 acts as a software selector of sensors and receivers, which through the annular collector on winch 7 is connected to the recording cable 6 and the underground control unit 9. in tool 1, which is in the well. Synchronously with the cable movement, the control unit 8 and the measurement memory unit 10 are supplied with depth increment pulses through some mechanical or electrical connection 11, as well as the measurement selection and combination unit 12, if it is located at the well location, so that the processing K measurements can be made at the same time. Thus, the selection of sensors and the corresponding measurements are synchronized.
    The device works as follows.
    The current selection and combination of measurements is not necessary at the same time as obtaining separate measurements. These measurements may be provided for processing at a later time from a conventional digital or analog storage device, at a location remote from the well.
    However, it is important that, together with the measurements, depth increments corresponding to the tool movements be recorded, as this is necessary for an accurate ratio of the measurements to each other based on the depth.
     When tool 1, containing a four transform spread, is moved up through the depth positions I, J, K. and L, various
    sensors, so that at regular increments a sequence of measurements is performed. Usually, a certain point on the tool is taken as a reference point, so measurements made with different transducers can be attributed to one another and to the depth of the tool located in the well, as recorded on
    surface. Although any point can be selected (Fig. 1), the description is further based on the choice of the depth reference point located on tool 1 at
    the upper converter, i.e. a transducer that is closest to the surface of the earth when the tool advances in the well. FIG. 2, 3, and 4 show the four transducers of the instrument 10, labeled 1 through 4. In the description, the letter T with the index is used as the designation of the transducers, receivers, or sensors.
    In addition, the top two converters T, and T work as receivers, and the two lowest converters T and T work as sensors.
    It is desirable that certain types of transducers, such as those that act as receivers, be grouped in the tool or paired together, and that the transducers move horizontally and vertically in the well coordinate. in a way. In addition, the pre-selected spacing between converters
    in each group should be one-. covy, i.e. the separation between T and T along the length of the support element with transducers should be the same as the separation between the sensors T and
    T. The distance between groups of transducers of various types, for example, the distance between the receiver Tj and the sensor Td, may or may not be the same as the separation between
    transducers of the same type, depending on the physical characteristics of the measured earth formation, depth of investigation in the required earth formation, and other factors.
    Figures 2-4 depict the alignment of transducers T ,, Tg, T, and T in two separate positions shown by the depth level indices at the top of each arrangement. These indices from I to L refer to the upper transducer T,
    In FIGS. 2 and 3, these positions will be I and L, i.e. the upper transducer 1 is at the depth marks d., and c1c-, respectively. FIG. 4, two positions are indicated by I and J, since the upper sensor T is at the depth marks d-j and dj, respectively,
    When the spread is moved from position I to position L (Figures 2 and 3) and from position I9 to position J (Figure 4), it rises along the well from the depth d-j through d |, using Tj as the depth reference point. A sensor T generates a signal that travels upwards towards the receivers T and T. Each of these receivers converts the received signal into a corresponding electrical signal, which can be processed into a measurement of mp. Since it is usually expected that a signal propagating from T in the direction of TJ and T will arrive first at T and then at Tj, the measurement of T is denoted as T, and T, as Then, m, and ha can be combined to obtain a measurement of subsurface physical characteristics depending on the measured characteristics.
    For example, if T, transmits an acoustic pulse, the measurements of TP, and trig represent the time of signal propagation through the formation and the environment surrounding the well, from Td to T2 and T, respectively, and then they can. be combined to determine the propagation time interval between T and Tj, called it.
    After some time period after the signal is generated by the sensor T, a signal is generated by the sensor T, as shown in FIG. 3 which is received by receivers T
    and
    T, and is converted to measurements in.
    five
    0
    five
    0
    0
    five
    0
    five
    five
    and t, respectively.
    The complete measurement sequence at depth d-j includes, therefore, all measurements n, t, mJ and m. Further, m denotes a separate measurement in general, irrespective of the type, and t, is performed during the operation of T with T, and p with T, t-5 during the operation of T with T, and p with T ,.
    Since the four measurements can be obtained in a very short period of time with respect to the movement of the tool, they can be considered as obtained at the same depth. For example, an acoustic sensor can emit pulses on the order of 20 times per second. This speed provides at least five full sequences per second, during which very little tool movement takes place at normal recording speed. Four measurements are transmitted to the surface and stored in memory unit 10 for later use.
    After some time, when the tool progresses in the well to a depth d, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, a second measurement sequence T, W, T and T can be made and used to compensate for the effects of the borehole on the individual measurements.
    For example, when T is an acoustic pulse sensor, the propagation time interval q t between T and T will be in error if the portions of the signal path that are located in the borehole are of different lengths for two receivers. Such a difference
    Occurs when the tool is skewed.
    This type of borehole compensation is possible with an arrangement that has a much shorter overall length. By combining the first group of measurements m and ha, obtained at depth d, (see Fig. 2 for case I), with measurements m, and t obtained at depth d (cM. Fig. 2 for case L), a new a combination of measurements from sensors with inverse near and far ratios, which provides
    borehole compensation required.
    In addition, simultaneously with the compensated measured for cutting in the well, a second compensated measurement can be made for a larger segment. Combined second group of measurements of m and m obtained
    at depth d (see fig. 3 for case J
    I), with measurements m and t, obtained at depth d (see Fig. 3 for case L), we obtain the second measurement compensated for the borehole, but here having a greater T-R distance than the first measurement. This is because the second group of measurements refers to the transducers more remote than the first group.
    A further advantage of the transducer arrangement is its use to compensate for the statistical or systematic errors of the resulting measurements and can be described with the link in FIG. 4,
    With this measurement w at a depth d-j, it is repeated by measuring a p. With dj when T replaces T, and 1 replaces T, as the tool advances in the well. Under ideal conditions, the measurements of m are equal to m. However, under normal conditions of measuring a borehole, there are some known reasons why this may not happen. If even small statistically significant changes can be expected, for example, when acoustic measurements are taken of the transit time interval, averaging
    with dj, improved measurements are obtained, providing d and th
    d (cut T to T ,, works T); d, (segment T, to T4, d works (segment T to T, works T); d (segment T, to T4, works T,); to T,) and tn at up to T); to Tj) and m when d (T
    to T).
    As shown in FIG. 1, each measurement cm, ha for each increment of depth d.j,, -., Etc. memory unit 1 is stored, with each increment of about six inches (152.4 mm) or less.
    If the capacity of the measurement memory block is limited, it is beneficial to combine some measurements that compensate for these statistical changes. While comparable statistical compensation could be achieved by repeating the measurement with d-j, such repeated measurements limit the tool's duty cycle to half. In contrast, to achieve this result by combining
    already available measurements
    A duty cycle is not required.
    Other measurements can also be combined to compensate for random noise or different effects of transducers and their relative positions in the well. For example, the depth d 1 can be
    n increased 0
    example t
    used with m-j for ich,
    In some cases, such measurements as t and mj can also be compared to detect distortion.
    borehole, such as skewing tool. Comparison of such measurements can give an indication of the compensation of a well applied to the Main measurements, and thus an indication of the reliability of the compensated Measurements.
    To obtain one compensated measurement, all four measurements in each sequence are optional and it is not necessary to do each measurement after a separate sensor trigger. However, each from-.
    5 individual measurements are used at least twice in different combinations, providing two different compensated measurements at a selected well segment, corresponding to two different study distances between the sensor and the receiver:
    bots T bots T bots T botate T o T);
    to T).
    would minimize the required capacity. For example, the measurements of tp, go for the same depth increment (see Fig. 2 in the slope 1 with the increment of d-j) can be subtracted
    in block 2, the selection and combination of measurements to form a new measurement m m m, which in turn can be memorized, replaced, and nij, or if there is a reach
    storage capacity as an extra dimension.
    When the spread is advanced in the borehole from d ... to dj, other measurements may be combined to form a replacement or additional measurements. When the spread is advanced to the depth d (see position L in Figs. 2, 3), a full group of measurements will be taken. Those measurements that were performed earlier can be obtained from the accumulation element of the memory tO block, and those obtained at depth d now exist as current measurements. Thus, it is then possible to combine these measurements to obtain compensated measurements of the well bore shown in FIG. 2 - And under d-j.
    For example, subtracted, from ha, obtained at d ,, the current depth at position L, shown in FIG. 2, and combined this result with measurements of m and t, at dj, obtained earlier at position I, or with the previous combination t with d- |, compensated measurements are provided for the borehole section shown in FIG. 2–4, corresponding to the short T-R probe distance.
    The described combinations are expressed for the acoustic example of the implementation of measurements in the addition of two of 032210
    measurements for the same segment of a borehole, one corresponding to the measurement with two receivers, and j the other to measurement with two sensors,
    5 providing the required borehole compensation-. Depending on the posting of single-type pairs of generators, it may be necessary to convert the z-scale. If, for example, the distance is one foot (30.48 cm), the correct value of ut, as indicated by output A, will be obtained by dividing the final combination by two.
     5 In addition to combining these two measurements, various measurements at different depth levels can be compared to indicate borehole conditions requiring compensation, or combined to obtain average measurements, for example, m with d .. (see Fig. 4 for case I) and t, with d,
    // h
    (see Fig. 4 for Case J) can be added or averaged to form m. These average measurements can then be combined to form measurements and t or for other purposes.
     The use of the proposed device allows for more complete compensation of the borehole, including the skew of the tool, and allows you to measure over the entire length of the well,
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    Editor N. Kishtulints Tehred A. Kravchuk Proofreader L, Pilipenko
    Order 1164/59 Circulation 533 Subscription,
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    for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5
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    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    1. MEASUREMENT DEVICE IN A DRILLING WELL, containing two groups of receiving and transmitting transducers, mounted along a support element mounted with the possibility of movement in the well and extending along a direction parallel to the direction of its movement, measuring equipment, including a memory unit, a control unit and an indication unit characterized in that, in order to improve the measurement accuracy by compensating for deviation of the borehole and / or deviation of the transducers inside the borehole, receiving reobrazovateli placed from one another at the same distance along the line as the transmitting transducers, and arranged on one side of them, the transmitters of both groups have the same performance characteristics,
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring equipment is equipped with a unit for selecting and combining measurements, the input of which is connected to a group of transducers and outputs of the memory unit, and to the outputs are an indication unit and a control unit.
    SU <,., 1301322 ___ AZ
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE2720562A1|1977-11-24|
    NL7705420A|1977-11-21|
    MY8500205A|1985-12-31|
    IE45032L|1977-11-17|
    ATA354077A|1985-02-15|
    DE2720562C2|1988-09-01|
    IE45032B1|1982-06-02|
    NL185243C|1990-02-16|
    AR226801A1|1982-08-31|
    GB1582714A|1981-01-14|
    JPS6044480B2|1985-10-03|
    CA1091797A|1980-12-16|
    NL185243B|1989-09-18|
    FR2352312B1|1982-05-14|
    PT66556A|1977-06-01|
    DK215077A|1977-11-18|
    EG13047A|1980-10-31|
    NO147084B|1982-10-18|
    IN149024B|1981-08-22|
    OA05660A|1981-04-30|
    AU509996B2|1980-06-05|
    FR2352312A1|1977-12-16|
    NO771424L|1977-11-18|
    IT1075425B|1985-04-22|
    DK154584B|1988-11-28|
    NZ184115A|1981-04-24|
    BR7702837A|1978-01-10|
    JPS52140401A|1977-11-24|
    AT378855B|1985-10-10|
    PT66556B|1979-04-12|
    MX144362A|1981-10-05|
    ES468667A1|1978-12-16|
    AU2427777A|1978-10-19|
    TR19865A|1980-03-19|
    ES458842A1|1978-08-01|
    DK154584C|1989-04-17|
    NO147084C|1983-01-26|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US3257639A|1961-11-29|1966-06-21|Schlumberger Well Surv Corp|Well logging system employing average travel time computation|
    US3312934A|1963-07-12|1967-04-04|Mobil Oil Corp|Measuring acoustic velocity over two travel paths|
    FR1573830A|1967-07-07|1969-07-11|
    US3524162A|1968-01-05|1970-08-11|Schlumberger Technology Corp|Multiple acoustic receiver and transmitter system for measuring sonic attenuation ratio in earth formations|
    US3622969A|1969-06-11|1971-11-23|Inst Francais Du Petrole|Acoustic method and device for determining permeability logs in bore-holes|FR2426916B1|1978-05-23|1982-04-23|Armines|
    FR2431710B1|1978-07-18|1982-04-23|Elf Aquitaine|
    US4692908A|1982-03-24|1987-09-08|Schlumberger-Doll Research|Method and apparatus for investigating stand-off in a borehole|
    JPH0434706B2|1983-06-30|1992-06-08|Schlumberger Overseas|
    US4649526A|1983-08-24|1987-03-10|Exxon Production Research Co.|Method and apparatus for multipole acoustic wave borehole logging|
    US4698791A|1986-06-17|1987-10-06|Exxon Production Research Company|Acoustic well logging method for improved amplitude data acquisition|
    US4852069A|1986-12-31|1989-07-25|Shell Oil Company|Thin bed evaluation device|
    FR2669741B1|1990-11-23|1993-02-19|Schlumberger Services Petrol|HIGH RESOLUTION LOGGING METHOD AND DEVICE.|
    GB2357841B|1999-10-06|2001-12-12|Schlumberger Ltd|Processing sonic waveform measurements from array borehole logging tools|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US68747176A| true| 1976-05-17|1976-05-17|
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