• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Method and apparatus for sorting objects according to the degree to which they possess a required characteristic. Objects are moved in a line on a conveyor belt past a line of detectors each responsive to the required characteristic. Each detector produces a time sequence of output signals and the signals from successive detectors are accumulated. The objects are projected from the downstream end of the conveyor belt in a free flight path past an optical scanner and a series of air blast nozzles. The scanner determines the portions and sizes of the objects and objects selected on a comparison of the detector signals and signals from the scanner are blasted with air jets from appropriate nozzles so as to be deflected from their free flight trajectory. Deflected and undeflected objects are caught in separate collection bins.
    公开号:SU1237069A3
    申请号:SU792778800
    申请日:1979-06-04
    公开日:1986-06-07
    发明作者:Питер Хокинс Альберт；Бойль Алан；Вилки Ричардс Артур；Пол Гордон Хилтон
    申请人:Сфир Инвестментс Лимитед (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to a device for you to sort ore.
    The purpose of the invention is to increase the bone grading point.
    FIG. 1 shows a device for sorting ore, a schematic view; in fig. 2 and 3 are alternative embodiments of the detectors embedded in the device, top view; Figures 4-6 are alternate embodiments of signal processing systems for obtaining final results.
    The device contains a belt conveyor 1 with a conveyor belt 2,
    upper span 3, which serves 15 larger sizes, so that they cannot
    the objects to be sorted 4 from the bunker 5. The objects 4 are transferred by the upper span of the conveyor above the steel plate 6, which is located above the system for controlling and analyzing the properties of the ore.
    Objects 4 are dropped from the front end 7 of the conveyor belt so as to fly in free flight through the optical scanning field and behind the deflecting means 8. The deflecting means 8 may include sets of air jet nozzles to which compressed air is supplied through air valves controlled by signals from a signal analyzer. The signal analyzer receives inputs from the control system and a belt speed tachometer and generates output signals that control the air valves of the diverting means 8 so that objects with a selected characteristic are impacted by air jets so as to be deflected into the collecting bin 9, while discarded objects continue free flight into the bunker of substandard materials. The device can be used to sort the pieces of radioactive ore. In this case, it includes a number of scintillation sensitive elements 10.
    Scintillation sensitive elements respond to the size and radioactivity of the pieces being sorted. Thus, when the pieces fed from the hopper 5 are generally small, this is achieved by a preliminary sorting operation by size. Scintillation-sensitive elements j can be set in the order shown in FIG. 2, so that 20 times
    effectively being scanned by a single scintillation sensitive element, the scintillation sensitive elements 10 can be arranged into groups located across correspondingly wider channels so that each detector consists of such a group of sensitive elements. This device (Fig. 3)
    25 contains (for each channel) three detectors 11, each of which is composed of a group of three scintillation sensitive elements 0. Detectors 1I are mounted between the two
    ; 10 lead walls to protect against the influence of adjacent channels.
    The control and synchronization unit 12 processes the signals received from the detectors 11 of one tape channel. 215 It should be noted that block 12 must have multiple processing circuits for performing such operations for each channel.
    Unit 12 operates to receive signals from all detectors 11 at regular intervals determined by the tape speed, so that each signal represents the output of the corresponding detector 1I when the separate short section of the tape passes this detector regardless of whether it is located or not on this site a piece of ore.
    Block 12 accumulates these signals 50 in such a way that each signal of the last detector 11 accumulates together with the signal from each previous detector P during
    D
    . before receiving the signal from the detector 11 after it, where D is the distance between the last detector 11 and the preceding -; then the lean detector 11, V 40
    45
    divide the span of 3 tapes into a number of narrow channels. In addition, each element that is sensitive to scintillation is able to efficiently view the entire channel width. In this case, with each communication channel, there is a group of scintillation detectors located at equal intervals along the channel, with each detector being formed by a single element 10 sensitive to scintillation. Figure 1 shows such detectors 11 for each channel. When sorted pieces will be
    effectively being scanned by a single scintillation sensitive element, the scintillation sensitive elements 10 can be arranged into groups located across correspondingly wider channels so that each detector consists of such a group of sensitive elements. This device (Fig. 3)
    contains (for each channel) three detectors 11, each of which is composed of a group of three elements 0, which are sensitive to scintillation. Detectors 1I are installed between the two
    lead septa to protect against the influence of adjacent channels.
    The control and synchronization unit 12 processes the signals received from the detectors 11 of one tape channel. It should be noted that block 12 must have multiple processing circuits for performing such operations for each channel.
    Unit 12 operates to receive signals from all detectors 11 at regular intervals determined by the tape speed, so that each signal represents the output of the corresponding detector 1I when the separate short section of the tape passes this detector regardless of whether it is located or not on this site a piece of ore.
    Block 12 accumulates these signals in such a way that each signal of the last detector 11 accumulates together with the signal from each previous detector P at a time equal to
    D
    . before receiving the signal from the last detector 11, where D is the distance between the last detector 11 and the preceding -;, skinny detector 11, V
    31
    belt moving speed. This accumulation continues for a certain time to generate signals, each of which represents the outputs of all the detectors 11, obtained from a separate section of the tape.
    The signals received from the scan tool indicate which individual tape segment is occupied by the ore pieces being sorted. Block 12 uses these signals to compare the scan signals with the accumulation signals corresponding to this tape segment to generate control signals.


    used to control sorting signals of trigger 13. Output
    whoa. The comparison effectively directs the accumulation signals so that the final control signals depend on the accumulation of the signal received from the last detector, P, at the time indicated by the scanning signal, the passage time of the object through the last detector II, and on the signal received from each previous signal. the detecting detector 1 1 at the time indicated by the scanning signals. This time is the transit time of the same object through the previous detector 11,
    One separate circuit for performing the indicated functions of block 12 is shown in FIG. 4. This circuit contains triggers 13 for receiving scintillation pulses from detectors 11. In the case of
    when each scintillation is removed by a disabling input 15, and is passed on
    ment 11Ia, which also receives counting pulses from trigger 13. The synchronization level of input 15 is selected
    The detector 11 consists of a group of sensitive elements 10, (FIGS. 2 and 3). The outputs of the individual sensitive elements 10 are fed to the elements OR 14 to provide trigger inputs, but if the elements 10 sensitive to scintillation are set in the order shown in FIG. 2, you can do without these elements OR.
    The triggers 13 have setting inputs 15. The synchronizing pulses are fed to these inputs 15 at a frequency proportional to the tape speed measured by the tachometer 16. The proportionality constant is chosen so that the time interval between successive pulses is represented by a very short section of the tape path. During this interval, there is a row that the filled signals pass Q to the element OR 14 from the offset register 17 with the same tape segments as the signals passing from the trigger 13. The output of the {-shi 14 element is connected to the next offset register 17, which - 45 tory effectively adds counting pulses from register 13 and accumulated counting pulses from offset register 17.
    The accumulated counting pulses received by offset register 17 are converted into a large offset register 18, which operates at a relatively high synchronization frequency. The impulses accumulated in this way are
    imenia triggers 13 are set to keep any counting pulses received from
    by the scintillation pulse generated by the detector 11, so that at the end of the same time interval
    The signal applied and synronized to Mbtft in the offset registers 17 indicated whether a pulse was received from the scintillation detectors 11. The triggers 13 are set at the beginning of each synchronization period to the ready state for the next time interval.
    The output signals of the trigger 13 are supplied to the offset register 17 and synchronized therein to a level controlled by the synchronization input 15, and then fed to the element OR 14, which also receives the output signals of the trigger 13 thus accumulated with the delayed output signals of the trigger 13, and the filled pulses are sent to the next offset register 17.
    The synchronization level of the synchronization input 15 of the register 17 offset is selected relative to the number of characters to store information bits
    in the register 17 of the displacement and the speed of the tape so that each delayed pulse occurring on the element OR 14 of the register 17 of the displacement is associated with the same section of the tape that
    and the pulse resulting from the offset register 17.
    Accumulated count pulses pass
    d t through the offset register 17, at the level set by synchronization, that the filled signals pass to the OR element 14 from the offset register 17 with the same tape segments as the signals passing from the trigger 13. The output of the {-shire 14) is connected to the next offset register 17, which effectively adds counting pulses from register 13 and accumulated counting pulses from offset register 17.
    The accumulated counting pulses received by offset register 17 are converted into a large offset register 18, which operates at a relatively high synchronization frequency. The impulses accumulated in this way are
    objects passing over the detectors 11 and stored in the offset register 18 until the pieces analyzed are
    will not be scanned optically by optical ore sorting unit 9.
    The device also contains a collimator 20, counters 21 and additional displacement registers 22, receiving bunkers 23 and 24. The detection unit consists of 13 detectors P. The ore transportation unit contains a belt conveyor 1, a conveyor belt 2, a tachometer 16.
    The device works as follows.
    Above the stream of pieces of ore, installed on the plate of the collimator 20, This section of the collimator 20 consists of a large plate of suitable material in which many collimator holes are drilled. A phototransistor is installed above each o l - version. The collimator holes and phototransistors are installed in a single line across the trajectory of the ore pieces. When there is no piece of ore under the plate of the collimator 20, the light of the fluorescence falls on all the photometers, which as a result turn into the conduction state. However, when a piece of ore passes under the plate of the collimator 20, it blocks some of the number of collimator holes from exposure to light, and the current of each phototransistor connected to these holes drops to a dark value. The number of photo transistors turned off depends on the area of the particle projected on the plate of the collimator 20 and the number of transistors turned off indicates the area of the piece projection.
    Block 19 is also controlled by synchronizing pulses associated with the speed of movement of tape 2. In the interval, controlled by the synchronization level, the outputs of a number of phototransmitters are fed to a series-parallel displacement register 17, from which they pass to block 12. as a series of pulses indicating the area of a piece of ore intersecting the optical axis of block 19 at a particular time interval, and the position of this piece across the channel, i.e. the extent to which this piece deviated from the center. These signals are applied to block 12 and processed. To correct the area measurement, according to the degree to which the piece deviated from the center
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    0
    five
    channel, the processed signals are sent to the comparator, which compares them with signals (also processed) from offset register 18, which correspond to the tape segment 2 occupied by this piece during its passage over the detectors 14. The comparator measures the radioactivity of the piece based on the radioactivity of a unit of its area and produces output signals, if it significantly exceeds the selected value. These signals are used in the control signal transmission by the air strike valve so that the selected piece is exposed to the air impact and is directed down into the bunker 9, and unwanted pieces are not affected by this and continue to fall into the bunker 23, the Comparator thus effectively locks signals from offset register 18, so that only those signals that correspond to the presence of a piece of ore are used to receive control signals.
    The need for signal processing from block 19 arises due to the fact that the sensitivity of detectors 11 to radiation emanating from different sites of a piece of ore will vary depending on how much this site is offset from the center of the channel. When each detector I1 contains a number of sensing elements 10 located across the channel, the detection sensitivity becomes more uniform across the entire width of the channel, but, nevertheless, decreases in the areas with adjacent sensing elements and in the end sections. The curve and sensitivity for detectors 1 can be determined empirically, and the pulses from block 19 pass through a compensation circuit in which each pulse is multiplied by a factor corresponding to the position of the individual phototransistor from which the pulse was received. The multiplication factors can be set in advance to compensate for changes in the sensitivity of the detectors 11 across the channel. Thus, the scanning pulses corresponding to the channel region S with a reduced sensitivity of detector 1 will be multiplied by a factor larger than the factor applied to the pulses, corresponding to
    high sensitivity areas. The pulses in this area are therefore normalized or standardized and passed to the drive, from which they then enter the parator.
    Signals from offset register 18 are also processed before being supplied to the comparator. These signals are passed through a multiplier (short pulse generator) and a divider to a drive, which feeds the processed signals to a comparator. The divider can be tuned to match the quality (grade) of the ore being tested and to determine the intensity of radioactivity required to generate a start receiving signal.
    The signals transmitted to the air strike valves are signals received from block 19 and indicating both the area and the position of the individual yacTKa piece, i.e., signals before compensating the sensitivity of the detector 11. The control signals, ay, determine which of these scanning signals must be transmitted to the air strike valves, and the selected signals are synchronized through the offset register 17 so that they control the OR elements after a corresponding time delay and in accordance with the exact position of the piece p rows in the channel.
    Various clock pulses to control the signal passing through the flip-flops 13 and the bias registers 17 can be controlled by control circuits.
    The circuit (Fig. 4) satisfies the control / reception signal generation of the Accept / Reject control signal in the sort operation. However, if the objects 4 to be sorted, including some pieces of intense radioactivity, some offset registers 17 may be saturated and some counting pulses may be lost. The term Accumulation used here is not limited to the total addition of all accumulated signals. The probability of saturation of the offset register 17 increases as the information accumulated through the OR element increases. The saturation limit of the offset registers 17 is negligible in a simple sorting operation, but in some operations it is important to show the grade of ore passing through the machine.
    0
    five
    0
    five


    In such cases, a scheme is used. in FIG. five.
    The circuit of FIG. 5 illustrates the direct replacement of the delay circuit of FIG. 4 and is designed to accurately record the counting pulses of various scintillation detectors in each channel. The output of each detector 11 is calculated in binary counter 2I of parallel loading for period T, where T is the synchronization period of the offset registers 22. At the end of each period T, the binary information in the counter 21 is loaded in parallel into a certain number of offset registers 22, and the binary counter 21 is set to its original position by parallel loading of the binary pulse stored by the previous group of offset registers 2G into the counter. Binary counter 21 is now ready to record counting pulses from detector I 1 during the follow-up period T.. Then the counting pulses associated with a separate portion of the ore particles are accurately accumulated by direct addition. The accumulated counting pulses pass from the binary counter to the binary counter as the associated ore particle moves along the tape 2 and is finally fed to the offset register 17, the functions of which coincide with the functions of register 18 (Fig. 4).
    In the circuit (Fig. 6), and the counting pulses accumulated in the counters 21 of the detectors 11 during the synchronization period T of each offset register 17 are loaded into the circuit of the offset register 22. The number of blocks of the offset register 22 is chosen so that the information collected in the period Tj corresponding to the given position of the particle in relation to the corresponding detector I1 appears at the input of the accumulator at the same time as the utr count pulses from the last counter of the detector I1, when the particle is in the same position relative to the latter, detector 1 I.
    Counters 21 are set to their original position at the beginning of each period T (., And the binary number representing the sum of the counting pulses accumulated during the period T. is read into the offset registers 22 at the end of each period. The drive adds up the binary numbers from each of the chains of the 17 offset register 17 corresponding to
    each counter of detector 11, and the sum as a binary number is then fed to offset register 17, which delays the information for a period corresponding to the time it takes for the piece of ore to go between the last detector 11 and block 19.
    The specified device was given for the length of the example and can be significantly modified. For example, as detector types, it is possible to use other types of detectors to determine other characteristics of the sorted objects.
    Although it is preferable to scan the pieces during free flight, as it is, j
    Block 19 should be used, the pieces can be scanned before appearing over the detectors 11, and the detectors 11 will then work to get a signal only when the piece passes over them.
    The invention is not necessarily limited to sorting machines 5, and the detection system can be used to automatically sort or stamp objects 4. Accordingly, the invention is by no means limited to the details of said device. The use of the invention improves the sorting accuracy.
    OJ Editor A. Sabo
    Compiled by S.Aleksandrov Tehred L. Serdyukova
    FIG 6 Proofreader I. Muska
    3100/59
    Circulation 565 Subscription BHtninii USSR State Committee
    for inventions and discoveries I3035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab, 4/5
    Production and printing company, Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    ORE SORTING DEVICE containing ore transporting unit 1 , detection unit located under the conveyor belt of the ore transporting unit, an optical ore sorting unit installed at the end of the conveyor belt movement of the ore transporting unit, a control and synchronization unit connected to the electrical terminals the conclusions of the drive of the ore transportation unit, the detection unit and the optical ore sorting unit, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of sorting, the detecting unit anija has rows of detectors arranged parallel to the movement of the ore transporting belt conveying unit, wherein the terminals are connected to the detectors controls the clock and sync block.
    SU, „> 1237069>
    类似技术:
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    SU1237069A3|1986-06-07|Apparatus for sorting ore
    US3052353A|1962-09-04|Ore sorting device
    US4365719A|1982-12-28|Radiometric ore sorting method and apparatus
    US4136778A|1979-01-30|Linen sorter
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    US4194634A|1980-03-25|Method and apparatus for sorting radioactive material
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    US3760166A|1973-09-18|Random flow counter
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    EP0341094A2|1989-11-08|Identifying specific objects or zones
    EP0059033A1|1982-09-01|Ore sorting
    CA1158748A|1983-12-13|Radiometric ore sorting method and apparatus
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU524503B2|1982-09-23|
    ZA783198B|1979-09-26|
    US4320841A|1982-03-23|
    JPS5513194A|1980-01-30|
    SE7904833L|1979-12-06|
    AU4086178A|1980-05-08|
    GB2022824A|1979-12-19|
    DE2922463A1|1979-12-06|
    FR2427852A1|1980-01-04|
    DE2922463C2|1988-08-11|
    FR2427852B1|1985-07-19|
    GB2022824B|1983-01-12|
    SE437774B|1985-03-18|
    CA1145439A|1983-04-26|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ZA00783198A|ZA783198B|1978-06-05|1978-06-05|Improvements relating to sorting systems|
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