• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1. A method of separating roots and tubers from soil lumps and stones, involving individually feeding the mixture components to a sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, receiving, analyzing and converting received signals into electrical ones, for which soil lumps and stones are separated, characterized in that with an improved quality chain performing the process of separating the root crops by increasing the accuracy of recognition of the components of the mixture, additionally passing the components of the mixture through the magnetic the field created by the sensor, the joint reception, analysis and conversion of the received signals with the signals of a mechanical collision, and the separation is carried out by the SL based on the resulting signal.
    公开号:SU1160923A3
    申请号:SU813336897
    申请日:1981-09-24
    公开日:1985-06-07
    发明作者:Цвален Херманн；Ремунд Ульрих
    申请人:Бистроник Машинен Аг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

     (/ 2. A device for separating root crops from soil lumps and stones, containing at least one active sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, located under the conveying device, having a reflective plate, a unit for receiving, analyzing and converting sensor signals and a device for separating soil lumps and stones , characterized in that the sensor registration of mechanical collisions is made in the form of a magnet placed in a ferr magnetic housing, while in the annular space between the magnet and An inductance coil is located in its body. 3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the inductance coil is fixed rigidly by filling the-ring space of the magnet with a non-porous fill. 4. A device according to claim 2, that is transporting The device has channels for supplying the components of the mixture to the active sensor. 5. The device according to claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the receiving, analyzing and converting unit of the signals of each active sensor is fulfilled in the form of two amplifiers connected to its inductance coil lnyh channels, the first of which contains the circuit from-negative feedback connected through a low-pass filter. 3 and an amplifier with a demodulator with threshold circuits of Golozh1ttelny and negative voltage pulses, with a threshold circuit of positive pulses, via a delay link, and a threshold circuit of negative pulses connected to the OR circuit. 6. The device of claim 5, wherein the other amplifying channel contains a high-pass filter connected through an amplifier to a demodulator with a negative feedback circuit, the output of which is connected to the OR circuit via a threshold circuit and a delay link. 7. The device according to paragraphs. 5 and 6, characterized in that the OR scheme is connected to a device for separating soil lumps and stones. 8. Device on PP. 2, 5 and 6, characterized in that it contains at least one non-loaded passive sensor, and the receiving, analyzing and converting unit of the passive sensor signals is provided with an additional channel connected to the inductance coil of the passive sensor through the amplifier and containing a high-pass filter. connected via an amplifier with a demodulator, while the input of the additional amplifier channel is associated with the negative feedback circuit of the first amplifier channel, and the output with the negative feedback circuit of the second force Yelnia channel.
    one
    The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular, to methods and devices for separating root crops from soil lumps and stones and can be used in machines for harvesting and post-harvest processing of roots and vegetables.
    The most to the method proposed by the technical essence is the method of separation of root and tuber crops from soil lumps and stones, containing a piece feed.
    the components of the mixture to the sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, receiving, analyzing and converting the received signals into electrical signals, which are used to separate soil lumps and stones p J.
    However, this method is based solely on taking into account the distinctive criteria of mechanical impact; therefore, the root and root crops and soil lumps and stones can be distinguished only under particularly favorable conditions of humidity and soil type. 31 The closest to the proposed technical entity is a device for separating root fruits from a mixture from soil lumps and stones, containing at least one active sensor for detecting mechanical collisions located under a transporting device, having a reflective plate, a unit for receiving, analyzing and transforming the sensor signals and the device for separating lumps and stones 2. A disadvantage of the known device is the low accuracy of the process of separating the root and tuber crops from the mixture lumps and stones. The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of the implementation of the technological process of separating the rootstock club by increasing the recognition accuracy of the components of the mixture. The goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of separating the roots from the soil lumps and stones, providing a single-flow supply of the mixture components to the sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, receiving, analyzing and converting the received signals into electrical, which are separated soil lumps and stones, additionally pass components of the mixture through a magnetic field, the sensor creates a joint reception, analysis and conversion of the received signals with the signals of mechanical collisions, and division is made by the resultant signal. In addition, in the device for separating root and tuber crops from soil lumps and stones, containing at least one active sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, which has a reflective plate, and a unit for receiving, analyzing and converting, at least one active device. sensor signals and a device for separating soil lumps and stones, the sensor for detecting mechanical collisions is implemented in the form of a magnet placed in a ferromagnetic case, while The inductor coil is located at the end of the space between the magnet and its case. In addition, the inductance j is fixed rigidly by filling 34 the annular space of the magnet with a non-porous fill. The conveying device has channels for feeding the mixture components to the active sensor. The unit for receiving, analyzing and converting the signals of each active sensor is made up of two amplifier channels connected to its inductance through an amplifier, the first of which contains a negative feedback circuit connected through a low-pass filter and an amplifier with a demodulator with threshold circuits positive and negative voltage pulses, with a threshold circuit of positive pulses, via a delay link and a threshold circuit of negative pulses connected to the OR circuit. The other amplifying channel contains a high-pass filter connected through an amplifier with a demodulator to a negative feedback circuit, the output of which is connected to the 51G1I circuit by means of a threshold circuit and a delay link. I Scheme OR is connected to a device for separating soil lumps and stones. At the same time, the device contains at least one non-loaded passive sensor, and the receiving, analyzing, and converting signals of the passive sensor are provided with an additional channel connected to the inductance coil of the passive sensor through an amplifier and containing a high-pass filter connected through an amplifier to a demodulator , the input of the additional amplifying channel is connected with the negative feedback circuit of the first amplifying channel, and the output with the negative feedback circuit of the second amplifying anal FIG. 1 shows schematically a proposed device for separating a root-and-vegetable crop from soil lumps and stones, side view; FIGS. 2 and 3 show the fulfillment and mutual arrangement of the conveyor belt and sensors; FIGS. 4 is a sensor, a section in FIG. 5 - signals induced in the sensor, with the passage of root and tuber crops, soil lumps of J 1 and stones; FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a device for receiving, analyzing and converting sensor signals. The method of separating the root crops from soil lumps and stones is that the distinguishing criteria are the effect of the mixture components on the magnetic field, due to the fact that the effect of soil lumps and stones on the magnetic field is significantly different from the magnetic field of potatoes. which can serve as a reliable distinguishing criterion for determining and separating soil lumps and stones. To take into account all the necessary criteria, a combined sensor is used, which reacts both to shock waves and to changes in the magnetic field under the influence of a moving object, and having a membrane-like reflective plate through which the magnetic field, which also has an inductance, is passed. Both the shock oscillations of the reflective plate and the passage of soil lumps and stones through the magnetic field penetrating this plate affect the magnetic field, as a result of which all necessary signals are induced in the inductor, which are analyzed in the receiving, analyzing and converting unit sigalov. sensor by typical criteria. This allows you to create not only reliable, but also relatively simple and cheap device for determining and, if necessary, separating soil lumps and stones from root and tuber crops. The device for separating the roots from the soil lumps and stones contains a conveyor 1, to which a mixture of potatoes, soil lumps and stones is fed in a known manner (not shown). Under the upper branch of the conveyor, there is a rotating polyhedron 2, which rotates as the conveyor moves and starts rolling, whereby the components of the mixture on the conveyor are separated from one another and guided along different paths. For this purpose, a conveyor 1, consisting of one or several tapes, has a corresponding profile with shallow grooves 3 of width, for example, 35 mm (FIG. 2). At the same time, small 36 mixture components fall symmetrically into one of the grooves, while large several conveyor grooves may take ,, the lower branch of conveyor 1 passes above the cleaning brush 4. Underneath the exit end of conveyor 1 there is a series of active sensors 5 detecting mechanical collisions 5, in the region of the concave portions of the conveyor where a pad is expected The corresponding components of the mixture are provided with a corresponding number of active sensors of 5 ° (which are located in the common housing 6. At the ends of a row of sensors 5a there are two passive sensors 5b, which are made the same way as sensors 5o, but are not exposed to objects. Passive Sensors 5t serve to compensate for interference signals occurring in all sensors.The sensor for detecting mechanical collisions, both active and passive, is made in the form of a common body 6 of magnet 7 placed in a hole in a ferromagnetic m enclosure 8, wherein in the annular space between the magnet 7 and the housing 8 raspolozheya inductance coil 9, are rigidly mounted by filling the annular space of the magnet 7-porous fill. The magnet 7 is located at a short distance from the damper plate 10, to which the reflective plate 11 is connected. The magnet 7 distance from the reflective plate 11 is less than 1 mm, and the reflective plate is made of electrically conductive material that passes the magnetic field of the magnet 7 The plates 10 and 11 in the form of a membrane are located above the magnet 7 and vibrate when exposed to the feed components of the mixture, and since the reflective plate 11 has a certain effect on the magnetic field, a corresponding vibration occurs m varying magnetic field which induces in the coil 9 corresponding signals Passage pure potato and stone do not directly affect the magnetic field of the earth opposite kom affect the magnetic field
    7
    And induce typical signals in coil 9 inductance.
    Fig. 5 shows various signals that occur in the coil 9 when a component of the mixture hits a reflecting plate 11. If pure potatoes arrive, a relatively low-frequency vibration of the plate 11 occurs, which leads to the formation of a corresponding weak low-frequency decaying signal K induced in the coil 9. If the potato is very dirty, then the signal K is impacted by the impact of the earth, for example, a small positive voltage deviation as the potatoes approach the sensor and a weak denial Yelnia deviation when the potatoes is removed from the sensor. Such a signal in FIG. 5 is designated K; the earth's Como produces an alternating voltage of much greater amplitude k with a positive half-wave K and a negative half-wave. To When a lump of earth hits a baffle plate 11, this typical signal is superimposed with a slight low-frequency vibration, similar to the signal K for clean potatoes.
    If a stone falls on the reflective plate 11, a vibration arises and the corresponding induced signal is superimposed with a light low-frequency vibration similar to the signal K for clean potatoes.
    If a stone falls on the reflective plate 1, then a vibration and the corresponding induced ST signal with a much greater amplitude and frequency than the fall of potatoes or an earthy lump occur.
    The device also contains a general block 12 of receiving, analyzing and transforming signals. Each active sensor 5c (has a 12th unit for receiving, analyzing and converting signals with an output 13 connected to a magnetic valve 14, which actuates the ejection cylinder 15 with an ejecting pusher 16,
    The unit-1201 for receiving, analyzing and converting the signals of each actuator sensor 5 is made in the form of two amplification channels connected with its inductance coil 9 through the amplifier 17, the first each of which contains a circuit 18 of dene 609238. .
    teln feedback, connected through a low-pass filter 19 and an amplifier with a demodulator 20 with threshold circuits of positive 21, and negative 22 voltage pulses, with a threshold circuit of 21 positive pulses through a delay link 23 and a threshold circuit of 22 negative pulses connected to an OR 24 circuit, the output of which controls a device for separating soil lumps and stones by means of monostability. Switch 25, another amplifying channel contains a high-pass filter 26,
    connected via an amplifier 27 to a demodulator 28 with a negative feedback circuit 29, the output of which is via a threshold circuit 30 and
    Q link 31 of the delay is associated with a YAL 24 circuit.
     Additionally, the device contains a general block 12b for receiving, analyzing and converting passive signal
    5 sensor equipped with an additional channel connected to the inductance coil 9 of the passive sensor through amplifier 32 and containing a high-pass filter 33 connected through amplifier 23 to a demodulator 35. The input of the additional amplifier channel is connected to the negative feedback circuit 18 of the first of the amplifier channel, and the output with the negative feedback circuit 29 of the second amplifier channel. In addition, the device has discharge conveyors 36 and 37 for potatoes and soil and stone lumps.
    The device works as follows.
    If a sensor 5c is on the baffle plate 11 (potatoes fall, a signal K, which has a relatively small amplitude and frequency, is induced in coil 9. This signal is amplified in amplifier 17 and goes to the input of the first amplifying channel consisting of elements 18-23, and to the input of another amplifying channel consisting of elements 26-31. The signal passes through blocks 18 to 20. However, the amplitude supplied to the threshold circuits 21 and 22 is insufficient for them to be triggered. The signal is not passed by the high-pass filter 26, so through this The channel signal to the circuit OR 24 does not arrive in 9. Thus, the output pulse does not form at the output 13, the valve 14 does not operate and the pusher 16 remains in its neutral position J and the potato falls on the conveyor 36. The signal has a slightly larger amplitude, however it is not able to trigger the threshold circuits 21 or 22 or go through the high-pass filter 26. If a clod of earth hits the sensor So, a signal K with a relatively large amplitude is induced. This signal is low frequency and does not pass through high pass filter 26. However, it is amplified in the low-frequency channel with a low-pass filter 19 and then first during the positive half-wave triggers the thresholds of the circuit 21, and somewhat later during the negative half-wave of the threshold circuit 22. The delay in the delay not 23 is set so that both pulses simultaneously fall on the OR 24 circuit, so the output impulse hits the monostable switch 25 and the output 13. The magnetic valve 14 is energized and the compressed air flows to the cylinder 15j which actuates the pusher 1G and the earth comp is thrown into the conveyor 27. Experience shows that often one or several half-waves K or K with napa do not have sufficient amplitude to trigger the threshold circuits 21 or 22. For this reason, both half-waves are evaluated and almost simultaneously arrive at the OR circuit. Therefore, there is a guarantee that there will always be at least one impulse that will emit an earth coma. If a stone falls on the active sensor 5 ″, then a high-frequency pulse T of the high frequency is applied to the inputs of the low-pass filter 19 and the high-pass filter 26 to the appropriate device 12 ″. Through the filter 19, the pulse does not pass, and through the filter 26 passes. It is then amplified, demodulated, and triggers the threshold circuit 30, which, via delay link 31, sends a pulse to the OR circuit 24 and triggers the monostable switch 25, causing the ejection pulse from output 13 to valve 14. With a precisely defined link 31 a delay causes the plunger 16 and the stone is thrown into the transport device 27. Thus, the induced useful signals, especially the signals K and K, are very weak. Therefore, it can happen that any piston effects, such as work on a mobile unit, electrical and / or magnetic fields of high-voltage transmission lines, etc., induce signals of sufficient amplitude to trigger the threshold device. In order to eliminate such interference, two passive or compensating sensors 5b are mounted in as similar conditions as possible with active sensors 5 a. The signals of the parallel-connected sensors 5b, amplified and in an appropriate form, fall on the feedback circuits 18 and 29 as well as the signals from the sensors 5 ". Thus, interference is compensated and does not affect the operation of the device, which has an extremely high sensitivity. For similar reasons, the induction coil 9 must be rigidly flooded, since the total mutual movement of the coil and the magnet parts or even the turns of the coil between them can cause a parasitic signal that leads to undesirable triggering of the first device. Extremely low sensitivity of the sensors to vibration, which causes a very high gain or sensitivity of the analyzer, is necessary, since the signals generated by the impacts of potatoes and clods dohgzhny have an amplitude less than the very weak signals K, which are formed due to the magnetic effects of the clods. This very low sensitivity of such a sensor as a microphone is achieved by the fact that the reflective plate 11 has a very small effect on the magnetic field. This is achieved by the fact that the nonconductive plate itself is provided with thin metallic inclusions. At the same time, the magnetic field passes through the reflection plate almost without any
    11116092312
    therefore, a clod of land can have a realization that allows a significantly optimal impact on this field. to improve the quality of technological implementation of the proposed root separation process (technical solution) of the method of separating tuber crops by increasing the l.ltchptgt11-g LLTT (TJO ITT
    no root crops from soil j
    lumps and stones and devices for its mixture.
    Component Locations
     /
    // /
    -. / /
    56
    g / l- / i
    but for 5a
    YU
    5b

    Sa
    FIG.
    5a, 5b
    f1agg.6
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. A method of separating root crops from soil lumps and stones, providing for the piecewise supply of mixture components to a mechanical impact sensor, receiving, analyzing and converting the received signals into electrical signals, by which soil lumps and stones are separated, characterized in that, in order to increase the quality of the technological process of separation of root crops by increasing the accuracy of recognition of the components of the mixture, additionally carry out the passage of the components of the mixture through a magnetic field, ozdavaemoe sensor joint reception, analysis and conversion of the resulting signals signalami.mehanicheskogo collisions and produce separation of the resultant signal.
    SU ,,. 1160923>
    1
    [2]
    2. A device for separating root crops from soil lumps and stones, comprising, located under the conveying device, at least one active sensor for recording mechanical collisions, having a reflection plate, a unit for receiving, analyzing and converting sensor signals and a device for separating soil lumps and stones, distinguishing · With the fact that the sensor for detecting mechanical collisions is made in the form of a magnet placed in a ferromagnetic housing, while in the annular space between the magnet and its An inductor is located on the housing.
    [3]
    3. The device according to p. 2, characterized in that the inductor is rigidly installed by filling · the annular space of the magnet with non-porous filling.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 2, which includes the fact that the conveying device has channels for supplying the mixture components to the active sensor.
    [5]
    5. The device according to paragraphs. 2 and 3, characterized in that the unit for receiving, analyzing and converting signals of each active sensor is made in the form of two amplifier channels connected to its inductor through an amplifier, the first of which contains a negative feedback circuit connected through a low-pass filter, and an amplifier with a demodulator with threshold circuits of positive and negative voltage pulses, while the threshold circuit of positive pulses, through the delay link, and the threshold circuit of negative pulses are connected to Khem OR.
    [6]
    6. The device according to claim 5, wherein the other amplifier channel comprises a high-pass filter connected via an amplifier with a demodulator to a negative feedback circuit, the output of which is connected to the OR circuit by a threshold circuit and a delay link.
    [7]
    7. The device according to paragraphs. 5 and 6, characterized in that the OR circuit is connected to a device for separating soil lumps and stones.
    [8]
    8. The device according to paragraphs. 2, 5 and 6, characterized in that it contains at least one unloaded passive sensor, and the passive sensor signal reception, analysis and signal conversion unit is provided with an additional channel connected to the passive sensor inductor through an amplifier and containing a high-pass filter connected through an amplifier with a demodulator, while the input of the additional amplifier channel is connected to the negative feedback circuit of the first amplifier channel, and the output is connected to the negative feedback circuit of the second amplifier channel.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH7354/80A|CH651483A5|1980-10-02|1980-10-02|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DISTINATING BETWEEN EARTH FRUIT ON THE ONE SIDE AND STONE OR EARTH CLEAR ON THE OTHER SIDE.|
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