• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    1421148 Cleaning exhaust gases from steelmaking converter K BAUM [trading as VERFAHRENSTECHNIK DR ING KURT BAUM] 20 Dec 1972 [20 Dec 1971] 58872/72 Heading C7D [Also in Division F4] A steel making converter 10 comprises tuyeres 16 through which O 2 , N2, Air, Ar, and hydrocarbons can be blown in the hydrocarbon surrounding the O 2 blast, and a gas-collection unit comprising a water-cooled hood 27 and a movable skirt 28. The off-gases pass into a stack 40 and a Venturi scrubber 41, thence to a secondary Venturi scrubber 44, and then either through valve 54 or to a stack 51 and torch 52. The skirt 28 can be adjusted either to allow air to enter the hood 27 and react with the off-gases, or to seal the hood. The scrubbed off gases are monitored by a partial pressure sensor 68 (for O 2 ) and an infra-red sensor 69 (for CO, CO 2 , and H 2 O), and when the off-gases reach the desired calorific value they are directed through pipe 53 and valves 58 to storage. The sensor 68 also. monitors changes in combustion conditions and shuts down the skirt 28 when stoichiometric conditions are achieved. When the converter 10 is tilted, the gases are collected by auxilliary hood 66. Powdered materials, e.g. iron oxide, CaCO 3 , CaO, CaF2 may be introduced through the tuyeres from container 31.
    公开号:SU1101177A3
    申请号:SU721865268
    申请日:1972-12-19
    公开日:1984-06-30
    发明作者:Баум Курт；Петер Баум Ерг；К.Перс Жай；Шредер Давид
    申请人:Пеннсильвания Инжениеринг Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    1 The invention relates to a converter method for melting steel by melting iron into steel in converters. Gases are produced during converter processes during blowing. The primary gases in the bottom blowing process are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (COj), hydrogen and water vapor, the ratio between which varies during the smelting process. Basically, these gases come to the cassa located above the converter; The caisson is separated from the converter by a gap and air enters it, under the action of which the combustion of CO and Hj occurs, and the products of combustion of gases are passed through a gas cleaning system equipped with a blower, the outlet of which they are emitted through chimneys into the atmosphere. During the combustion of gases, iron evaporates from the bath in zones with high temperature and the iron is first oxidized to nitrous oxide and then to iron oxide (Pe2C) j) which, together with the combustion products and excess air, enters the purification system. To clean large amounts of gases and smoke, a complicated and expensive cleaning system with powerful blowers with high productivity and pressure is required to clean the gases in accordance with the stringent requirements on the purity of the gases emitted into the atmosphere. The process of smelting steel with lower oxygen blast differs from the process of smelting steel with upper blast by a smaller amount of produced iron vapor and a finer dispersion of iron particles in the exhaust gases. Therefore, in this process, it is necessary to use an ochitski system without burning the gases coming out of the converter, in order to avoid oxidation of iron and dispersal of its particles in the air, which provides the known advantages associated with higher agglomeration and higher wetting properties of particles mostly non-oxidized or semi-oxidized (Fe, FeO, FeeO) In addition, such a system has certain economic advantages, since it produces a smaller volume of gas with a minimum end of it. it has dust in the waste and their gases, 772 which allows it to be sufficiently economical to meet the existing requirements for the purity of gases emitted into the atmosphere. Closest to the invention is a converter process control system comprising pressure sensors installed under a movable caisson damper and connected through a comparator unit and a regulator with a damper actuator installed in the flue lj. Such a cleaning system (without burning the gases exiting the converter) allows for the safe collection, cleaning and subsequent use of the gases leaving the converter as a source of thermal energy. The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity of the process and the reliability of the equipment by preventing explosive situations in the gas duct. This goal is achieved by the fact that the converter process control system, which contains pressure sensors installed under the movable caisson damper and connected through the comparator unit and the damper actuator installed in the gas duct, additionally contains gas analyzers for oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and waste water gases, the positioner of the movable caisson damper, the regulator of the supply of neutral gas to the gas duct, the position sensor of the converter, the executive mechanism for the supply of neutral gas into the gas duct Moreover, gas analyzers for oxygen, water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are connected via a mobile caisson damper with a caisson damper actuator and are also connected to a neutral gas supply regulator to the gas duct, which is connected to the converter position sensor and the neutral gas supply actuator to the gas duct. The invention proposes a system for independently determining the various components of the gas and combustion products, such as hydrogen, odes, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, which are formed in the downstream blower in which liquid hydrocarbons are used. This analysis system is highly sensitive and provides control over the process in the event of abrupt changes in its individual parameters. It is proposed to measure the partial pressure of oxygen instantaneously (in less than a second) and determine the gas phase burning stoichiometry and use these signals to control the processes of gas collection and purification. The invention provides for the joint operation of an oxygen partial pressure sensor and an acrad radiation sensor (4 h), Kotopbrii measures CO concentrations COj and H20 and has a response time of less than 5 s. The signals from the oxygen partial pressure sensor and the infrared sensor are used to control the process of moving the caisson flap and setting a predetermined gap between the caisson flap and the converter. The flue gas atmosphere protection system is operated when the converter is turned during its shutter and when steel is drawn from it, i.e. when the throats; the converter's breech is not under the main gas collecting box. Fig. 1 shows a converter with a lower oxygen blast along with auxiliary systems for gas collection and purification; Fig.1.2 shows time dependences of volumes of primary, partially burned off exhaust gases and volumes of collected gas, used later as a source of thermal energy. 1. The converter 1c is shown with a lower oxygen blast consisting of a metal shell 2 with an inner refractory lining 3 and an upper outlet 4. The box 5 with a collector 6 is located at the bottom of the shell. It is supplied with gas and powder in the converter. flux. The gas, together with the flux, is injected under pressure into the molten metal in the converter using nozzles 7, which enter the tuyere openings 8 located in the converter bottom 8. The gas and powdered flux rises under the action of excess pressure. the converter is a mass of molten metal in which stoichiometric reactions take place between the elements in the molten metal and the active 74 gases (oxygen) and the flux. Inert gases freely pass through the molten metal and exit its upper outlet from the converter. Converter 1 is fixed in a rotary ring 9, which has pins 10 and 11 mounted in supports (not shown). Using drive-related pins, the converter can be rotated to remove the donkey from it and to drink molten metal through the drain hole 12. Gases, liquid products and powders are fed to the collector 6 through a pipe 13 connected to a hollow trunnion 10, to which pipe 1A. Such a design provides for the injection of gases and powdery fluxes into the converter when it is in a vertical position, and when the converter is in an inclined position, only gases can be fed into it. A cap 15c is located above the upper outlet of the converter. Water Cooling. The cap has a movable casing 16, which can be raised and lowered relative to the converter, changing the size of the annular gap between the converter and the cap. The following gases are injected through the collector 6 into the lower part of the converter: Oj, N 2 (argon), air, and CHj ((to form gaseous or vaporous hydrocarbons). Gases are supplied to the converter through a pipe 14. Liquid hydrocarbons are continuously injected into the converter around the jet oxygen through the tuyere holes located in the converter bottom. Hydrocarbons protect the converter bottom lining against rapid failure. I Powdered fluxes are fed to the converter from tank 17. In reality, the feed to the converter of fluxes comes from several tanks in which various powdered materials are stored, such as quicklime, limestone, fluorspar, as well as iron oxide, desulfurizers and other additives. Dp of introduction of certain amounts of these materials into the manager, are used as carrier medium or oxygen, or nitrogen. The tank 17 communicates with the oxygen pipe and is equipped with a mixer 18, from which oxygen J1 together with the powder dispersed in it enters through the pipe 19 into the main inlet pipe 14 connected to the converter. Water cooling cap 15 is connected by air duct 20, which also has water cooling, with an air diffuser 21, in which the exhaust gases are cooled to the saturation temperature at a given pressure. Separator 22 is separated from the gases of water, after which the gases through pipe 23 are fed to a second diffuser scrubber 24 for thorough cleaning and controlling the flow of gases. Behind the scrubber 24, a droplet separator 25 is installed with a collector 26f from which water is again supplied to the pipe. inlet and / catypaTop diffuser 21. The gas leaving the separator 25 enters the pipe 27, in which a blower 28 is installed, which pumps Tde to the pipe 29, c. the upper part is equipped with a thumb-drive 30. Gases for sensors 31 (sensor PO) and 32 (infrared analyzer CO, COg t) can be taken either in the hood or after the second scrubber. The electrical signals from the pressure sensor 33 are used to control the motor that regulates the cross section of the second diffuser scrubber 24. At the beginning of the purge, the cross section of the second diffuser scrubber 24 is set using pointer 34. When the concentration of GO + Hj increases and gas is burned due to air entering the gas ) without a gap between the cap and the converter (the Klzhuk 16 of the Koltsak is raised), the P02 sensor 31 detects a change in the composition of the gas (it may be ignited). Upon reaching the stoichiometric point of combustion and the presence of an inert gas plug (determined by sensor 31), the signal from sensor 31 is used to lower the casing 16. Casing 16 continues to drop until the pressure under the cap measured by sensor 33 and determined by gauge 35, will not be equal to the pre-set discharge, which is set using the indicating device 36. After that, the discharge control in the gas collection and purification system is carried out by changing the cross section of the second control scrubber 24. 77 When smelting high carbon steels or turning the converter, when the concentration of CO + Nl increases sharply, the converter position indicator 37 sends a signal to the nitrogen valve 38, which opens automatically. Nitrogen is supplied under the hood and CO-Sh2 concentrations are reduced to safe. In addition, the valve 38 is switched by signals from sensors 31 and 32 in the case when the composition of the gases becomes close to dangerous (an explosion is possible) due to the presence of oxygen and large amounts of CO + H, which increase the calorific value of the gas. The smoke produced by the evaporation of iron when the converter turns or when loading and unloading it is collected in the main cap 15 and the auxiliary cap 39, which is connected by pipe 40 through valve 41 to pipe 23 leading to the second scrubber 24. When the converter is tilted by the signal from the position indicator 37 opens the flap 41, and the flap of the first saturator-diffuser 21 closes to the minimum level determined by the position of the end switches. The smoke from the additional hood is cleaned in the scrubber 24 and partially in the saturator-diffuser 21, th {} through them through blower 28. Figure 2 shows two dependences of the volumes of primary and partially burned exhaust gases and the gas extracted from the system from the cycle time smelting, one of which relates to the proposed process, and the other to lime smelting processes with oxygen blasting. The diagram of the known process, (converter with the top oxygen blast) is shown in diag. 2A. This process begins with the supply of atmospheric air to the converter (before blowing). This air is used for combustion at the beginning of the purge process and forms an inert plug, the lifetime of which depends on the volume of air entering the system. For safety and better performance of test instruments, the cap in such a system is closed with some delay, which is associated with the operation of a conventional oxygen analyzer, which determines the actual amount of acid in the gas. When the oxygen concentration reaches a safe level, the hood casing is manually lowered (area 42) and the exhaust gases (curve 43) will consist mainly of CO with small amounts of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Gas collection begins at that moment (point 44) when its calorific value reaches a predetermined value. Gas collection occurs during the purging process until the concentration of bo in the gas reaches the minimum permissible (in terms of calorific value of gas) level (point 45). After some time, the hood rises (area 46) and the gas starts to burn completely until all carbon monoxide remains in it. At the same time, an inert gas plug is formed in the system (before suction in the air system, area 47, after the end of the interface of the purge section 48. A long time of formation of the inert plug at the beginning and at the end of the cycle leads to a decrease in the duration of the gas extraction time from system 1 (area 49) compared with the cycle performed in the proposed installation. The advantages of the proposed system are clearly shown when considering the diagram shown in Diagram 2. B. Using the oxygen partial pressure sensor 31 (Fig. 1) allows t determine the stoichiometric point of combustion very accurately and quickly detect the absence of oxygen in the gas, i.e. determine the moment of inert gas plug formation. High 7, 8 the reliability of this sensor makes it possible to operate the gas cleaning system before the start of blowing (interface 50) with a small amount air (region 30. This air is used to burn gas and form an inert gas plug (region 52), and the duration of the gas plug in the system and its volume are significantly reduced due to the and the mentioned sensors with high sensitivity. In this embodiment, it is also possible to automatically control the movement of the hood casing (area 53), which is one of the important positive features. The resulting gas consists mainly of CO and H2 with small amounts, CO and z (curve 54). Safe gas extraction begins from that moment (point 55) when its calorific value reaches a predetermined level. Gas collection continues during purging and ceases at the moment when its calorific value reaches its minimum value (point 56). The use of a highly sensitive infrared analyzer together with a highly sensitive oxygen partial pressure sensor makes it possible to capture these moments with high accuracy. After gas withdrawal from a signal from sensor 31 (Fig. 1), the cap opens (area 57) and an inert gas plug forms in the system (area 58), and then after the end of the purge (interface 59) air is again supplied to the system (area 60 ).
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    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    CONVERTER PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEM containing pressure sensors installed under the movable box of the caisson and connected through the comparison unit and the regulator to the damper drive installed in the gas duct, characterized in that, in order to increase the productivity of the process and the reliability of the equipment due to the prevention of explosive situations in the flue, it additionally contains gas analyzers for oxygen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide and water in the exhaust gases, a position regulator for the movable damper box, regulate Orifice for supplying neutral gas to the duct, converter position sensor, actuator A mechanism for supplying neutral gas to the duct, moreover, gas analyzers for oxygen, water, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are connected via the position regulator of the movable box shutter to the drive § shutter box and are also connected to the regulator into the flue, which is connected to the position sensor of the converter and the executive mechanism for supplying neutral g to the flue.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DD100283A5|1973-09-12|
    DE2239578C3|1982-07-22|
    FR2164574A1|1973-08-03|
    ZA728464B|1973-09-26|
    NL7213481A|1973-06-22|
    HU166611B|1975-04-28|
    DE2239578A1|1973-06-28|
    BE791165A|1973-03-01|
    SE407235B|1979-03-19|
    CS167367B2|1976-04-29|
    DE2239578B2|1977-10-13|
    GB1421148A|1976-01-14|
    FR2164574B1|1975-01-03|
    PL89690B1|1976-12-31|
    AU5012572A|1974-06-20|
    CA1017563A|1977-09-20|
    引用文献:
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    DE658726C|1936-09-23|1938-04-09|Hartmann Akt Ges Maschf|Dedusting system, especially for electric ovens|
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    DE1408912A1|1960-08-03|1968-12-05|Baum Verfahrenstechnik|Process for obtaining a combustible gas when refining pig iron|
    DE1280895B|1961-07-27|1968-10-24|Cie Des Ateliers Et Forges De|Method for collecting and discharging converter exhaust gases|
    FR1325023A|1962-03-14|1963-04-26|Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech|Control process for combustion-free capture of gases from pneumatic refining of pig irons|
    DE1916945C3|1969-04-02|1980-04-17|Eisenwerk-Gesellschaft Maximilianshuette Mbh, 8458 Sulzbach-Rosenberg|Use of the jacket gas process for refining pig iron to steel|
    US3588070A|1969-06-19|1971-06-28|Chemical Construction Corp|Oxygen steel converter|
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    AT382888B|1984-11-19|1987-04-27|Voest Alpine Ag|METHOD FOR PRODUCING A MIXED GAS AND SYSTEM FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD|
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    JP5039651B2|2008-07-08|2012-10-03|三菱重工業株式会社|Carbon dioxide recovery system in exhaust gas|
    DE102020200571A1|2020-01-20|2021-07-22|Sms Group Gmbh|Device and method for operating the device|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US20995371A| true| 1971-12-20|1971-12-20|
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