• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Comprises a grid-like structure of stopping (51a) and/or delaying elements adapted to influence the amplitude and/or phase of sea waves and located in such positions in the water that the elements in interaction with the incident waves produce an interference pattern in the sea which gives a concentration of the wave energy in a limited area (concentration area (53)). When the wave energy is to be utilized for power production, the grid-like element structure (51) is designed to give a concentration of the wave energy in a concentration area located in the short-range field of the element structure. The wave energy in the focal area can drive a large hydraulic pump for lifting water into a basin 54. Preferably the elements in the structure are mainly situated in front of the concentration area with respect to the dominant wave incident direction (52). <IMAGE>
    公开号:SU1095880A3
    申请号:SU782663398
    申请日:1978-09-12
    公开日:1984-05-30
    发明作者:Мехлум Эвен
    申请人:Сентралинститутт Фор Индустриэлл Форскнинг (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    FIG. 1 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, in particular, to devices for utilizing the energy of the sea waves.  A known system for the concentration of the energy of the waves in the open sea, including a concentrating device installed in the sea, performed in the form of a funnel, which allows one to collect the energy of the waves from the wider wave front m.  The disadvantage of this device is that the width of the front of the used wave is limited by the width of the funnel, so it has a low concentrating ability.  Closest to the invention is a system for concentrating the energy of the open sea waves, including a concentrating device installed in the sea, made in the form of elements installed in a row opposite to the motion of the waves, the distance between which decreases from the middle of the row to its periphery. low concentrating ability.  The purpose of the invention is to increase the concentration efficiency.  The goal is achieved by the fact that the elements are located below the surface of the water.  In addition, the system. is provided with a second row of elements parallel to the first one, wherein the distances between the elements of the second row are inversely proportional to the distances between the elements of the first row.  The system can also be equipped with a second row of elements parallel to the first, located behind the zone of wave concentration and made in the form of a vertical obstacle.  Moreover, natural elements, such as rocks, can be used as elements, and at least one element can be made of an elastic material.  At least one element can be made in the form of a horizon.  At least one element can be configured to adjust the shape and size, or it can be mounted to move in three mutually perpendicular directions and / or rotate in three mutually perpendicular planes.  The invention is based on the use of a grating type structure or a diffraction grating by analogy with an optical one.  FIG.  1 shows a known diffraction structure for diffracting light waves; in fig.  2 the known diffraction system for focusing light waves; in fig.  3 is a diagram of focusing water waves {fig.  4 shows a setup for conducting experiments with an amplitude array; in FIG.  5 shows a system for concentrating open sea waves by applying an amplitude grating; in fig.  6 is the same by applying the phase grating in FIG.  7 shows a system using stop elements of natural origin; FIG.  8 system using a modified coral reef as an amplitude grating; in fig.  9 - alternative delay elements; in fig.  10 - alternative stopping elements; in fig.  11 and 12 - combined systems.  An apparatus for conducting experiments with amplitude grating 1 (Fig.  4) consists of a pool with walls 2, in which a lattice is installed, made in the form of a beam 3 with strips 4 fixed to it, the distances between which are reduced from the middle to the periphery.  In the middle of the lattice 1, a wall 5 is installed perpendicular to it, white painted for the convenience of observing the wave pattern.  Behind the grid 1, a wave generator is placed that provides parallel waves 6 (not shown).  Under natural conditions (FIG.  5) the lattice 1 is located perpendicularly to the predominant direction of the waves b, and the zone 7 of the concentration of the waves B is in the bay 9 formed in the rock 10.  On cliff 10, there is a power station 11 with a power line, using wave energy in concentration zone 7, and a pool 12.  In the Gulf 9 can be installed hydraulic pump connected by pipeline to the pool 12.  The grid may consist of retaining elements 13 (FIG.  6), made in the form of air-filled hoses or buoys, fixed to the bottom by means of ropes with bark or with winches 14.  In the concentration zone, a platform 15 is installed with a bucket or other means using wave energy such as a turbine plant, a pump and a pool.  The grille may also consist of stopping members 16 (FIG.  7) in the form of natural islands of rocks, etc. d.  and artificial abandonment elements 16.  Instead of the stopping elements 16 can be used and delaying. elements 13.  On the bank 17, a phase grid 1 of the retaining elements 13 can be installed.  Between the grids 1 there is a concentration zone 7 in which the platform 15 is located with power equipment.  The amplitude grating 1 may be formed by an explosion at certain locations on the coral reef (FIG.  8) with the receipt of elements 18 with Straits 19 between them.  The retention elements 13 (FIG. 9 can be made in the form of a horizontal plate 20 with a length equal to the wavelength of the bent plate 21, the plates can be interconnected (shown by a dotted line), and a cubic reservoir 22 and fixed to the bottom by the crust.  One of the elements may be a vessel 23 or a natural shelf 24.  The stopping elements 16 (FIG.  ten).  can be made in the form of a concrete block 25 on supports, cylindrical by the root element 26, the sunken ship 27 or the artificial island 28.  To focus parallel waves (Fig.  11) two lattices 29 and 30 are installed in parallel in the sea.  The lattice elements can be made with the possibility of adjusting the shape and size, with the ability to move or rotate, and also represent a section 31 of the seabed (Fig.  12).  Light waves 6 (FIG.  1), falling on the diffraction grating 1, is diffracted in certain directions, determined by the wavelength and distance between the elements of the grating 1, into waves 8.  04 If the distances between the elements increase towards the center of the grid 1 (Fig.  2), converging spherical waves 8 are formed with a focus in zone 7.  Lattice 1 placed in water (FIG.  3), deflects waves 6, and if the distances between the elements of the lattice 1 increase towards its center, convergent concentric waves 8 are formed with a focus in zone 7.  The elements of the lattice 1 can affect both the amplitude of the wave and its phase.  In the first case, the elements stop the wave, in the second - they delay.  The phase grating composed of the stopping elements 16 is more efficient than the amplitude because it slightly reduces the wave energy, while delaying the elements 13 significantly reduces the wave energy by partially reflecting the wave energy.  One installation or system may include both stopping elements 16, affecting the amplitude, and delaying 13, affecting the phase.  In connection with the concentration of free sea waves 6 for the production of energy, a so-called short-range field is of interest.  By analogy with the optical geometry, the microscope, it is possible to systematize the structure of the elements in such a way that different directions of the original waves are focused at one point or in the concentration zone 7, which may also be called the focal zone.  This focal zone is a zone located in the field of a short range of action of an elementary system, which is covered by different and adjacent focal points -.  we differently fall of the waves 6 on the elementary system.  With respect to a distant field, different focal points are so far apart from each other that there may not be a large enough concentration to generate energy.  In addition, the distant field is so disturbed by extraneous source waves that the estimated concentration in a restricted area is further reduced.  The use of a short-range field is not a prerequisite for the production of wave energy, however, in the short-range field of systems intended for energy production, the focus zone must be located. The ability of the system of elements to concentrate waves having different directions has a great effect on the short-range field. in the said focus area or focal zone.  When designing the proposed installation or system, calculations should be carried out using the method traditionally used in construction or mechanics, i. e.  by selecting the configuration and size and calculating on the basis of their results.  If the initially selected configurations and dimensions (parameters) do not meet the requirements, it is necessary to re-do the selection of parameters and calculations until a satisfactory result is obtained.  For many practical cases, it is necessary to set a limit to extend the short-range field, according to the following rule: if the largest size itself in the structure of the entire element is D, and the distance between the concentration zone and the nearest element in this structure, then the concentration zone is inside a short-range floor when flr-ci is about 20 °.    The largest size itself is the distance outside between two elements that are separated in the system at the greatest distance from each other, which is usually the length of the system, which has a direction perpendicular to the preferred direction of wave propagation.  How far from the structure of elements within the specified limits the short-range field should be located with the concentration zone depends, for example, on the topography of the bottom and the characteristics of the waves in the area of the system.  The degree of the distance between the concentration zone and the elementary system within the limits of the short-range field depends, in particular, on the distance.  Or apertures, systems in relation to the fronts of the original waves.  At least some of these elements must be adjustable, for example, by shifting to some position and orientation in space for adaptation and adjustment, for example, to take into account changes in the direction of the original waves, large or destructive waves during bad weather.  When such waves are concentrated, their destructive effect can be catastrophic, therefore in such situations it is desirable to be able to modify or eliminate the effect of concentration of this structure.  I The design of these elements can vary in several ways.  These elements can be mounted so that they are stationary at the bottom of the sea, can be put on measles or held in the appropriate position by means of dynamic locking systems in place.  Thus, they can be formed by concrete blocks or by conventional large vessels, such as tankers (alternatively as an accident ship), which are arranged to form a lattice system of the desired configuration.  Elements of natural origin, such as islands or the like, can be used as elements of the repetitive system at the actual location for the system.  In such a case, the location of the artificial elements should be determined in relation to the already existing elements of natural origin, which, however, can be modified by blasting or additional structure.  Although the said elements act in a lattice structure in conjunction with other elements, there may be many element structures that form a continuous structure, such as an elongated hose-shaped structure, which in certain places or parts protrudes in the direction or above the surface of the water, in order to form separate elements which in the rest of the parts sink so deeply that the effect of this construction on the waves in the intermediate parts is imperceptible.  When using the proposed individual elements in a lattice-like structure, it is necessary to take into account that the systems for generating energy of the waves of the open sea can be very long, or extended, for example, of the order of several kilometers or several tens of kilometers, especially when elements of natural origin are used, such like coral reefs with exploded passages.  By applying the invention, it is possible in one power plant to use wave energy over a much larger region, or shoreline, than was possible using known systems.  When using the invention, it is important to be able to adjust the system of elements for each separated site or site so that the diffraction structure could be optimized to obtain the best possible concentration of energy in the area in which transformation into useful power should take place.  Mathematical calculations play an important role in determining the system configuration and the shape of the elements mentioned.  The differential equations used in this case must be solved, taking into account the boundary conditions, the occurrence of which is due to the desired configuration of the structure of the elements.  Calculations or calculations are performed using the equations in Book D. B.  Uitama Linear and nonlinear waves (London, 1973, Chapter 13), and the parameters necessary for the calculations are the shape, size and position of the elements (regardless of whether they are artificial or natural formations) For waves, the only important parameter is their phase.  It is important to establish a system of elements so that it exerts such an impact on the original waves, with which the receiving wave has a hinged front leading to the energy concentration of the waves in the focal zone.  In the course of theoretical calculations, it is important to directly consider acceptable approximations, as well as to take into account certain physical states in the open sea waves, namely, their frequency spectrum and angular dispersion of directions within which the waves usually fall in a given place.  When reference is made to open-sea waves, powerful waves with large periods and lengths that are more or less permanently worn through large surface areas of the ocean and eventually fall to some coast are meant.  After systematic measurements and analyzes, it was established that such waves have a rather narrow spectrum of the frequency band, on which the expediency of the invention essentially depends, since with a narrower frequency spectrum, greater efficiency is provided.  As an example, the following figures.  If we talk about the period with the opposite concept of frequency, then the average period of the waves is 10 s.  In this case, the structure of the elements will provide an acceptable concentration of wave energy with a period change of 20%, t. e.  with periods varying in the range of 8-.  12 s.  Angular deviations in the range of 30 to both sides of the center line or the main direction can be considered acceptable.  For the case of using a short-range field, the limit is 20 °.  The design of the system of elements will be less complicated if the angular dispersion or deviation of the directions of the waves from the main direction is not large.  Waves emanating from directions lying outside the angular range for which the system is designed are not photographed.  When receiving energy from waves in a short-range field, the interference pattern of the waves is influenced by means or equipment for converting the energy of the waves into other energy.  When designing a system, it is necessary to consider the method of energy removal.  Pool studies (FIG.  A) with a depth of 0.5 m, in which waves 6 with a height of 2 cm and a length of 25 cm were cut with a wave generator, the ficus distance (from the grating 1 to zone 7) was 220 cm, and the wave height in the zone was 7-A cm .  The length of the lattice 1 was applied A50 cm.  The distance between the elements and their width were determined in accordance with the table, where A is the distance from wall 5 to the nearest faces of the hole, B is the distance from column 5 to the distant border.  Hole number Amplitude or phase grating 29 can be used to focus plane waves 8 (FIG.  11) Concentric rings.  In front of the focal zone 7, in the short-range field, there is another grating 30, for example a phase grating, which delays the phase of the circular waves 8 to both sides of the center of the grating 30 so that the flat waves 8 with increased height propagate in the direction of the arrow.  The grid 30 may also be formed from a natural bottom formation (Fig.  12).  Here, the seabed area 31 forms a phase grating with bottom contours, symmetrically located by P9 to both sides from the bottom of the bottom.  This system can be used to generate energy, as well as to destroy the ice cover and form a canap in the ice.  Therefore, petueTKa 30 has the possibility of a stump azimuthal movement, and therefore flat waves can be directed at different angles to the ice slope for breaking a fan-shaped passage in it.  The angular movement of the grid 30 can be performed by moving each of the grid elements separately.  The type of such elements is similar, for example, to the type of elements 13 (FIG.  6).  .  With the focal zone 7 of the grid 29, located close to the shore or on the shore, the constructed channel can lead waves 8 to the elevated basin for energy.  Lattices 29 and 30 in the system (FIG. 11) can also be considered as parts of a single system of larger elements, in which the grid 29 forms the main part of the system creating a concentration, and the grid 30 is a dispersing auxiliary system located in the short-range field from the grid 29.  Such an embodiment of the system makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the concentration of waves in the open sea.
    Ozigl
    (Reg. 5

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     L

    S700.a
    FIG. W
    Fi.P
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1]
    1. SYSTEM FOR THE HUB-
    ENERGY CENTER FOR OPEN SEA WAVES, including a concentrating device installed in the sea, made in the form of elements arranged in a row towards the movement of the waves, the distance between which decreases from the middle of the row to its periphery, characterized in that, in order to increase its effective concentration elements are located below the surface of the water.
    [2]
    2. The system by π. 1, characterized in that it is provided with a second row of elements parallel to the first, and the distances between the elements of the second row are inversely proportional to the distances between the elements of the first row.
    [3]
    3. The system according to π. 1, characterized in that it is provided with a second row of elements parallel to the first, located behind the wave concentration zone and made in the form of a vertical obstacle.
    [4]
    4. The system of claims. 1-3, t l i-j characterized in that natural formations, for example rocks, can be used as elements.
    [5]
    5. The system of claims. 1-3, characterized in that at least one element is made of elastic material.
    [6]
    6. The system of claims. 1-3, 5, characterized in that at least one element is made in the form of a horizontal plate.
    [7]
    7. The system of claims. 5 and 6, characterized in that at least one element is configured to adjust the shape and size.
    [8]
    8. The system of claims. 5 and 6, characterized in that at least one element is mounted with the possibility of movement in three mutually perpendicular directions and / or rotation in three mutually perpendicular planes.
    SU < i , 1095880
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    法律状态:
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