• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Compact reaction apparatus, such as for steam reforming a hydrocarbon feedstock to produce hydrogen, includes a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a furnace. A portion of each reactor extends into the burner cavity or combustion volume of the furnace. Baffles, such as sleeves, are disposed around these portions of the reactor tubes to shield the tubes from excessive radiant heat from the wall of the burner cavity and to more evenly distribute heat among and around all of the reactors. These baffles permit the reactor tubes to be closely packed within the furnace and reduce temperature differences between the tubes.
    公开号:SU1075947A3
    申请号:SU772558698
    申请日:1977-12-22
    公开日:1984-02-23
    发明作者:Аллан Седерквист Ричард；Рональд Крар Джордж；Феликс Зидлау Дональд；Ломхольт Олесен Оле
    申请人:Юнайтед Текнолоджиз Корпорейшн (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to installations for carrying out catalytic reactions, in particular for producing gases from hydrocarbon feedstocks. Installations for carrying out catalytic reactions for converting hydrocarbon feedstock into industrial gases, such as hydrogen, are known, which are a heating furnace in which pipes filled with catalyst are located. Each pipe with a catalyst is a reactor inside which the reaction gases are supplied, and outside it is heated with heat produced in a furnace when fuel is burned. However, processes of this type, such as steam reforming of hydrocarbon feedstocks, are carried out at a high temperature, therefore radiation is the main type of heat transfer from heating gases to reactor tubes. This circumstance does not allow a large number of tubes to be placed compactly in the furnace, since the tubes near the stentses are heated more than the tubes surrounded by other tubes. Thus, in the known devices there is an Irregularity, the distribution of heat, which reduces the efficiency of using the device, decreases. the service life and the heat utilization coefficient inside the furnace. Also known are apparatus for carrying out catalytic reactions, which are contained vertically in a housing, mounted in a concentric circular cylindrical reactor (tubes with a catalyst), equipped with partitions into the intertubes | space to improve heat transfer due to the beam. Isolation 1. However, since these apparatuses require the supply of heating gases from the outside, the advantages associated with improving heat transfer by placing a partition are reduced due to heat loss in the supply lines. In addition, this solution requires increased material consumption. The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and reduce the metal consumption. This is achieved by the fact that in an apparatus for carrying out endothermic reactions containing a furnace, a combustion chamber, vertically mounted cylindrical reactors mounted on concentric circumferences, equipped with bridges for uniform distribution of heating gases, and a furnace for heating gas and oxidant, To the measure of combustion, reactors are placed, under which the devices for supplying fuel and oxidizer are installed, the reactors located near the walls of the combustion chamber are equipped with shields. Figure 1 shows the location of the reactor inside the furnace (the direction of flow is shown by arrows); in Fig. 1. The apparatus comprises a furnace 1, a combustion chamber 2 with fuel gas combustion means — nozzles 3, a branch pipe 4 for introducing an oxidant into the combustion chamber, and vertically mounted cylindrical reactors 5. Each reactor consists of two coaxially mounted tubes 6 and 7, between which catalyst granules are poured in the annular space (reaction chamber) located on the mesh 8 at the entrance to the reaction chamber. Any steam reforming catalyst, such as nickel, can be used. The central tube has openings in the lower part and is connected to the annular space in the upper part. A cylindrical insert 10 whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than the central diameter of the central tube is concentrically mounted inside the central tube, creating an annular regeneration chamber 11. The gap between the insert 10 and the central tube is preserved - due to the projections 12. The regeneration chamber is isolated from the hot gases of the furnace. To maximize the overall performance of the reactor, it is important to prevent the reaction products from heating inside the reaction chamber due to the heat of the furnace gases. The lower part of the reactors is located in the heating part of the furnace, designed to increase heat exchange between furnace gases, in which a cylindrical shell 13 is placed, forming a gap with the reaction chamber in which thermally conductive stuffing material is placed, for example alumina balls. The space between adjacent reactors is filled with non-heat-conducting material, such as ceramic fibers, located on the plate 14, installed along the entire length of the furnace and provided with holes through which the reactors 5 pass. In the lower part of the furnace there are collectors fuel and exit of furnace gases. In the upper part of each reactor, there are baffles 15, made in the form of coupling screens. Muft: around the reactors, located near the walls of the combustion chamber, are made of stainless steel, they shield the reactors from the radiant heat of the walls of the combustion chamber. The installation works as follows j. The mixture of water vapor and hydrocarbon fuel flows from the collector to the lower part of the reactor through the dB opening in the reactor wall, and is fed to the collector through the pipe 17. The mixture is immediately heated by furnace gases flowing countercurrent through the gap between the reaction chamber and the cylindrical shell 13, and begins to react in the presence of catalyst particles. As the combustible water vapor and reaction products move up the reaction chamber, they continue to react and absorb additional heat. At the outlet, the temperature of the reaction products reaches a maximum, the hot reaction products enter the regeneration chamber 11. As the reaction products pass through the regeneration chamber, heat is removed back into the reaction chamber. They then enter the collector to drain the reaction products through the openings 18 and out of the reactor through pipe 19 either for further processing or for storage or consumption.
    The fuel for the stove enters the collector through pipe 2O, then passes into the combustion chamber 2 through the nozzle 3. Air enters through the nozzle 4 and
    enters the combustion chamber 2 through an annular passage 21 formed around each nozzle 3. The combustion of fuel and air takes place in the combustion chamber 2. Exterior partitions 15
    in reactors near the combustion chamber these reactors are protected from excessive radiant heating by the walls of the furnace. Other couplings help distribute heat evenly among all reactors.
    The hot gases enter the annular gap between the outer wall of the reactor and the cylindrical partition 15 and exit through the pipe 22, returning heat to the reactors.
    The invention makes it possible to compactly arrange several reactors in a furnace, while ensuring uniform distribution of heat to all reactors, as well as to prevent excessive and uneven heating of reactors near the furnace walls.
    The conversion degree in the proposed installation is 95% and the total thermal efficiency of the reactor is 90%. The maximum average temperature variation between the reactors or around the circumference of the reactor along the same axis is 15 ,.
    15
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    INSTALLATION FOR THE ENDOTHERMAL REACTIONS, comprising a furnace, a combustion chamber, cylindrical reactors vertically mounted on concentric circles, provided with baffles for uniform distribution of heating gases, and a device for supplying combustible gas and an oxidizing agent, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and reduction of metal consumption, under the combustion chamber there are reactors above which devices for supplying fuel and oxidizer are installed, while reactors located near the walls of the chamber combustion equipped with screens. § cl
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
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    RU2009712C1|1994-03-30|Apparatus for catalytic conversion of hydrocarbons
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US4098587A|1978-07-04|
    BE860864A|1978-03-16|
    CA1103428A|1981-06-23|
    引用文献:
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    RU2515326C1|2012-10-04|2014-05-10|Открытое акционерное общество "Центральное конструкторское бюро морской техники "Рубин"|Method for diesel fuel conversion and converter for its implementation|US2543568A|1947-01-20|1951-02-27|C A Olsen Mfg Company|Radiation shield means|
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    US3541729A|1968-05-09|1970-11-24|Gen Electric|Compact reactor-boiler combination|
    US3635682A|1969-06-13|1972-01-18|United Aircraft Corp|Fuel cell reactor-burner assembly|
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    US4292274A|1980-08-04|1981-09-29|United Technologies Corporation|Catalytic reactor with improved burner|
    DE3170290D1|1981-09-08|1985-06-05|Dow Chemical Nederland|Heat exchanger and use thereof|
    US4504447A|1981-11-13|1985-03-12|The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy|Slab reformer|
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    US4692306A|1986-03-24|1987-09-08|Kinetics Technology International Corporation|Catalytic reaction apparatus|
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    JPS63162503A|1986-12-25|1988-07-06|Toyo Eng Corp|Gas producer|
    US4820314A|1987-02-11|1989-04-11|International Fuel Cells Corporation|Fuel cell power plant reformer|
    JPH0642940B2|1987-03-31|1994-06-08|東洋エンジニアリング株式会社|Device for gas endothermic reaction|
    US4909808A|1987-10-14|1990-03-20|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration|Steam reformer with catalytic combustor|
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    US7922781B2|2001-03-02|2011-04-12|Chellappa Anand S|Hydrogen generation apparatus and method for using same|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US75333576A| true| 1976-12-22|1976-12-22|
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