• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL8800694A
    申请号:NL8800694
    申请日:1988-03-21
    公开日:2001-05-01
    发明作者:
    申请人:Marconi Gec Ltd；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Night vision viewing systems.
    This invention relates to night vision viewing systems.
    In particular, the invention relates to night vision viewing systems of a type suitable for wearing on a headgear to provide a headgear wearer with an enhanced view of a scene for the wearer placed on and in register with the direct view of the scene of the wearer.
    Such a known system includes an eyepiece arranged to intersect a forward line of sight of an observer using the system, an optical subsystem comprising a forward-looking objective lens fixed to the eyepiece and having an optical axis shifted with respect to the forward line of sight, and an image intensifier member, arranged optically between the objective member and the eyepiece such that light rays from an enhanced real image of a scene for the observer, viewed through the objective lens, are directed to the eyepiece through an input surface thereof which faces upward from the forward line of sight to thereby provide the observer with a view of the amplified image placed over and in register with the direct view of the scene in front through the eyepiece.
    By such a night vision viewer system is hereinafter meant a night vision viewer system of the precisely indicated type.
    It will be appreciated that while a night vision goggle array of the precisely indicated type gives the observer a monocular view of the remote scene only, two such galaxies can be used, one for each view of the observer, to provide binocular vision. to provide. In addition, two such galaxies can at least partially share a common optical subsystem so that the observer is provided with only a binocular view.
    Known night vision systems in which the system is worn on a headgear have certain inherent shortcomings when used in environments such as the cockpit of a high performance aircraft. Inevitably, the center of gravity of the night vision system is at a location in front of the pivot of the neck of the headgear wearer. The weight of the night vision system is generally of the order of 1 kg, and so far the moment arm around the pivot of the neck has been around 13 cm. In static conditions, the user must therefore develop a moment of equilibrium of around 1.3 Nm. In conditions of high gravitational maneuvers, any unbalanced mass of even small size may endanger the wearer.
    It is an object of the present invention to provide a night vision viewer system of the precisely indicated type in which these shortcomings are reduced.
    According to the present invention, in a night vision portion of the precisely indicated type, the optical sub-assembly is arranged so that the image intensifier member looks downward from the forward line of sight.
    Preferably, the objective lens is arranged to be close to one side of the observer's face when using the array, behind the eyepiece relative to the forward line of sight, and preferably the image intensifier is positioned in a similar manner. In a particular arrangement, the objective lens and image intensifier are positioned so that, with the night vision system worn on a headgear for use by an observer wearing the headgear, one or both of them occupy a position substantially aligned with a side portion of the headgear in the forward and reverse direction of the headgear ·.
    The optical subsystem will normally include image rotators between the image intensifier member and the eyepiece to provide the observer with a view of the amplified image with the correct orientation relative to the remote scene. The rotary members usually comprise a fiber optic end piece optically connected at one end to an output side of the image intensifier member,
    In one particular arrangement according to the invention, the optical subsystem further comprises: first light-reflecting members arranged so as to direct light received from the front scene through the objective lens on top of an input side of the image intensifier member; a lens switching device; second light reflecting means disposed between the image intensifier member and the lens switching device to direct light received from the image intensifier member forward and down through the lens switching device; third light reflecting means arranged to redirect substantially horizontal inwardly directed light directed through the lens switching device through the second reflecting means; and fourth light reflecting members, which are arranged to redirect the light redirected by the third reflecting members downwardly towards the entrance surface of the eyepiece.
    In such an arrangement, the second reflecting members have light transmitting properties as well as light reflecting properties, and the system further includes a display for directing the light providing a display through the second reflecting members through the lens circuitry, and hence, after reflection at the third and fourth reflective members, on the eyepiece to be viewed by the observer corresponding to the amplified image.
    The invention also provides a night vision goggle system comprising two night vision goggles according to the invention, one for each eye of the observer.
    In a night vision goggle system according to the invention, the one or each eyepiece is preferably of the type comprising a body of refractive material, having: a substantially flat entrance-top surface through which the rays enter the eyepiece, substantially flat entrance surface through which the rays entering the eyepiece, substantially planar front and rear surfaces joined by the entry surface, and an interior surface between the front and rear surfaces that is concave curved to the rear surface and has both reflecting and illuminating properties, the entering, front, rear - and interior surfaces are angled relative to each other such that the rays of the enhanced real image are reflected internally forward to the interior surface, reflected back to the interior surface at the interior surface, and finally through the rear surface be transferred to a design orpen eye position of the observer.
    Such an eyepiece is hereinafter referred to as an eyepiece of the precisely indicated type.
    Night vision viewing systems comprising eyepieces of the precisely indicated type are described in GB-A-2,108,702 and GB-A-2,144,558.
    In GB-A-2,108,702, the eyepiece consists of two parts; the internal surface consists of a coating with suitable light transmissive and light reflective properties at a curved surface formed by complementary convex and concave curved surfaces of the two parts. In such an eyepiece, the rays entering the refracting body at the top surface are internally fully reflected at the back surface.
    In GB-A-2,144,558, the eyepiece consists of three parts, with two interior surfaces, one forming the surface concavely curved to the rear surface and the other being a substantially flat surface between the concave curved interior surface and the rear surface. In this eyepiece, rays of light entering the body at the top surface are internally totally reflected at the other interior surface to the concave curved surface and reflected back there to be transmitted through the other interior surface and then through the back surface to the eye of the observer.
    The eyepieces of the night vision viewing systems of GB-A-2,108,702 and GB-A-2,144,558 are the same in operation, but the eyepiece of GB-A-2,144,558 can be made considerably more compact than that according to GB-A-2,108. 702, in the context of the head-lid systems with at least a significant angle of inclination to their front and back surfaces, as a result of the two-part construction. In the eyepiece according to GB-A-2,144,558, a much smaller angle of inclination of the front and rear surfaces can be achieved and the eyepiece can be brought closer to the place of the eye. Accordingly, a larger field of view can thus be achieved, while maintaining the overall dimensions in the eyepieces, or (perhaps more importantly) a smaller eyepiece can be used to achieve a field of view equivalent to that which can be achieved with a significantly larger eyepiece with the two-part construction according to GB-A-2,108,702.
    For example, an eyepiece of the type described in GB-A-2,144,558 is generally preferred for use in a system according to the present invention.
    It is to be understood that while the various surfaces of an eyepiece of the precisely defined type are substantially flat-faced, it may be convenient or advantageous to give these surfaces or some of them a degree of curvature to accommodate the. correct optical defects necessarily present in the system. Astigmatism in particular must be present; the nature of the shifted axis system in which the eyepiece is used makes this inevitable. According to the references in this description regarding flat surfaces, they are to be constructed with the foregoing in mind, it is a matter of preference whether or not present for the essence that the surfaces must be other than flat because corrective optical elements may be placed at the other places in the optical system.
    The combined effect of the various elements used in a night vision system according to the invention is such that the system has a minimal weight and a minimal moment arm around the pivot point of the neck.
    A night vision goggle system according to the invention to be used by the pilot of a high performance aircraft worn on the pilot's helmet will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    Figure 1 is a side view of the system;
    Figure 2 shows a front view of half of the system;
    Figure 3 shows a top view of half of the system;
    Figure 4 is a schematic showing the optical device of the system; and
    Figure 5 is a diagram showing another form of part of the assembly.
    Referring to the drawings, the system is mounted on a helmet 11 and forms a binocular night vision system comprising two night vision systems 13, 13b, for each eye of a wearer of the helmet 11.
    The night vision viewing systems 13a, 13b are each carried separately on the helmet 11, one at each side of the helmet, for a rotational movement about respective vertical axes Y-Y between working non-working positions, as described further below. For this purpose, each system 13a or 13b is mounted between upper and lower support blocks 12, which are mounted on the helmet 11 at positions such that a vertical part of the system between the blocks 12 lies within the thickness of the helmet 11, i.e. between the outer surface of a side portion of the helmet and the adjacent side of the head 14 of the wearer of the helmet, as best seen in Figure 2.
    Each of the assemblies 13a, 13b includes an eyepiece 15 which is placed in front of a respective eye E of the wearer of the helmet when the assembly is in the operating position, and includes an optical sub-assembly 17.
    Each of the optical sub-assemblies 17 includes an objective lens 19 which, when in the operating position, is shifted sideways and backward relative to the associated eyepiece 15 to occupy a position along the helmet wearer's temple and substantially in line with a side portion 21 of the helmet 11 in the forward and reverse directions of the helmet, i.e. a portion of the helmet 11 depending from the upper portion, generally hemispherical, the portion of the helmet being the upper portion of the encloses the head 14 of the helmet wearer.
    Each optical subsystem further includes a first planar reflector 23 disposed behind the objective lens 19 and inclined to its optical axis to direct light passing through the objective lens 19 from the front scene upward onto the input side of a downward-looking image intensifier 25, the axis of which substantially coincides with the axis YY. The output side of the image intensifier 25 is connected to an image rotator in the form of a coherent fiber optic end piece 27 with one end side optically adjacent to the output side of the amplifier and mounted thereon using an optical cement. Above the free upper end side of the end piece 27, which is parallel to the bottom end side thereof, there is a second flat reflector 29 which is inclined with respect to the axis of the image intensifier 25 so as to incident light from the end piece 27 forward, slightly inward and downward in order to land on a third planar reflector 33 via a lens switching device 31. The third reflector 33 is arranged and positioned obliquely relative to the lens switching device 31 to direct light from the lens switching device 31 horizontally and inwardly onto a fourth planar reflector 35 which in turn is inclined and positioned to receive light from direct the reflector 33 downward and slightly backward to enter the eyepiece 15 through an upper entrance surface 37.
    Each eyepiece 15 is made of a refractive material, preferably a transmissive plastic material, and comprises an inner surface 39 with both translucent and light-reflecting properties. The surface 39 lies at the interface between two parts A and B of the eyepiece 21. The part A has an optically flat top surface which forms the entrance surface 37 of the eyepiece 21, an optically flat rear surface 41 and a front surface which is concave curved towards the back surface 41, which front surface is joined to a complementary back surface of the portion B to form the surface 39. The part B has an optically flat front surface 43 which forms a second entrance side of the eyepiece 21. The eyepiece 21 is completed by a third wedge-shaped portion C with a front major surface 45 parallel to the surface 41 and a major rear surface 47 parallel to the surface 43.
    The required optical properties at the surface 39 are suitably imparted by a semi-silver plated mirror coating or a holographic coating.
    The different optical elements of each optical subsystem 19 and the connected eyepiece 15 are housed inside and supported by a protective case 49 (see Figures 1,2 and 3).
    In operation of the binocular night vision system, rays from a previously distant scene, represented by the F in the drawings, are received at the objective lens 19 of each of the constituent night vision systems 13a, 13b and are focused as an image of the scene at an image plane coinciding with the input side of the image intensifier 25 by reflection from the first reflector 23.
    An amplified display of this image is developed at the output side of the amplifier 25 and passed through the coherent fiber optic end piece 27.
    The reflectors 29, 33 and 35 and the lens switching device 33 serve at a close real image of the image that appears. at the top end of the fiber optic end piece 27.
    The image plane O, coincides with the focal plane of the concave curved surface 39 within the eyepiece 15. Rays from the image plane 0 enter the eyepiece 15 through the surface 37 and are internally totally refracted at the surface 41 of the eyepiece to the curved surface 39. The rays incident on the surface 39 from the surface 41 are reflected to be transmitted through the surface 41 and then through the rear portion C of the eyepiece 15 to the eye E of the wearer of the helmet.
    Since the rays begin, as far as the eyepiece 15, at the main focal plane of the eyepiece 15, essentially the surface 39, an enhanced virtual collimated image of the scene in front, as seen through the objective lens 19, is observed by the eye E.
    The fiber optic end piece 27 has a twisted construction, the angle of rotation being such that the combined optical effect of the optical subsystem 17 and the eyepiece 15 on the rays from the previously distant scene F is such that a virtual amplified representation of the distant scene with correct orientation is seen by the eye E. In addition, because the entire front and rear surfaces 43 and 47 of the eyepiece are parallel, the virtual amplified image, seen through the eye E, is in register with the view from the location of the eye E to the previously distant scene directly through the eyepiece 15, provided by rays of light from the scene which in turn pass through the eyepiece 15 through surfaces 43, 39, 41, 45 and 47 .
    In practice, the rotation of the image required in the end piece 27 is of the order of 90 °, the precise angle being determined by the detailed shape.
    The system may further include a display device to display further optical data to the eyes E of the helmet wearer placed on the direct and enhanced view of the remote scene.
    To this end, as shown in Figure 4, in each of the night vision systems 13a, 13b, the second planar reflector 29 is arranged to serve as a beam splitter and a display device, carried by the helmet 11, provides a clear display image in a plane C> 2 of which the position relative to the lens switching device 31 corresponds to that of the output end of the fiber optic end piece 27. Consequently, light from said bright display image is transmitted by the associated reflector 29 to a focal point guided by the switching lens at the real image plane to be seen at the eye E through the eyepiece 15.
    The display includes a cathode ray tube 51, a switching lens 53, a cubic beam splitter 55, composed of four straight prisms 57 with the opposite sides at the adjacent tips joined together by an optical cement and with a semi-reflective coating on one or on each opposite side. Two coherent fiber optic beams 59a, 59b have end sides, respectively, positioned adjacent to two opposite parallel sides 51a, 61b of the beam splitter 55, respectively, in planes, congruent with real image planes of the switching lens 53 relative to the objective plane through the screen 63 of the cathode ray tube 51. The faces of the ends of the fiber optic beams 59a, 59b, spaced from the cubic beam splitter 55, are congruent with the faces O ^.
    Since the beams must pass through two optical coatings to provide virtual images of the same clarity at the eyepiece 15 of the clear display image of the cathode ray tube, the optical coatings at the interior sides of the beam splitter 55 have a reflectivity of 70% and a transmittance of 30. %.
    In another display, instead of the cubic beam splitter 55, two planes reflectors 55 and 57, oblique to each other at right angles, can be used, as shown in Figure 5, with one reflector 65 being half silver plated, that is, 50% reflective, 50% transmissive, and the other reflector 67 may be completely reflective.
    In a further other display device (not shown), two cathode ray tubes may be used, each of which directs light to the end of a respective fiber optic
    权利要求:
    Claims (19)
    [1]
    Night vision viewer array (13a or 13b) comprising, an eyepiece (15) mounted to cut a forward line of sight of an observer using the array, an optical sub-array (17) comprising a forward-looking objective lens (19) secured to the eyepiece (15) and having an optical axis offset from the forward line of sight, and an image intensifier member (25) optically arranged between the objective member (19) and the eyepiece (15) so that light rays of an enhanced real image of a scene for the observer, seen through the objective lens (19), directed to the eyepiece (15) through an entrance surface (37) thereof facing upward from the forward line of sight to thereby oblige the observer provided with a view of the amplified image placed over and in register with the direct view of the scene in front through the eyepiece (15), characterized in that the optical subsystem (17) is o the image intensifier member (25) is arranged to look downward from the forward line of sight.
    [2]
    System according to claim 1, characterized in that the objective lens (19) is positioned to lie closely adjacent to one side of the observer's head (14) when using the system.
    [3]
    System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the objective lens (19) is placed rearwardly of the eyepiece (15) with respect to the forward line of sight.
    [4]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the image intensifier (25) is positioned such that it is closely adjacent to one side of the observer's head (14) when using the system.
    [5]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the image intensifier member (25) is placed rearwardly of the eyepiece (15) with respect to the forward line of sight.
    [6]
    System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized by a headgear (11) for use by an observer wearing the headgear (11).
    [7]
    System according to claim 6, characterized in that the objective lens (19) occupies a position substantially in line with a side portion (21) of the headgear (11) in the forward and backward direction of the headgear.
    [8]
    System according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the image intensifier member (25) takes up a position substantially in line with a side portion (21) of the headgear (11) in the forward and backward direction of the headgear.
    [9]
    System according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the system is carried on the headgear (11) for a rotational movement between a working and non-working position (YY) determined by the headgear (11), which extends substantially vertically to the forward line of sight at one side of the headgear (11).
    [10]
    System according to claim 9, characterized in that the axis (Y-Y) defined by the headgear (11) coincides substantially with an axis of the image intensifier member (25).
    [11]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical sub-system (17) comprises an image rotation member (27) between the image intensifier member (25) and the eyepiece (15).
    [12]
    System according to claim 11, characterized in that the image rotating member (27) comprises a fiber optic end piece (27) optically connected at one end on an output side of the image intensifier member (25).
    [13]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the eyepiece (15) comprises a body (A, B, C) of refractive material having: a substantially flat top entry surface (37) through which the eyepiece (15) ) entry, substantially planar front and rear surfaces (43, 47) joined by the entrance surface (37), and an interior surface (39) between the front and rear surfaces (43, 47) curved concave to the rear surface (47) and having both light reflecting and light transmitting properties, the entrance, front, rear and interior surfaces (37, 43, 47, 39) being angularly disposed relative to each other such that the rays of the amplified real image upon entry in the body (A, B, C), are reflected internally forward to the interior surface (39), at the interior surface (39) are reflected back to the rear surface (47), and finally through the rear surface (47) let through n are moved to a designed eye position (E) of the observer.
    [14]
    System according to claim 13, characterized in that the eyepiece (15) has two internal surfaces (39, 41), one (39) of which is the internal surface (39), which is concave curved towards the rear surface (47) and the other (41) of which is a substantially flat surface between the concave curved interior surface (39) and the rear surface (47), the entrance, front, rear and two interior surfaces (37, 43, 47, 39 , 41) are angled mutually such that light rays of the amplified image, upon entering the body (A, B, C), are internally reflected forward at the other interior surface (41) and then reflected at one interior surface (39) backward to pass through the other interior surface (41) and then at the back surface (47) to the observer's designed eye position (E).
    [15]
    System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the optical sub-system (17) further comprises: first light-reflecting members (23) arranged so as to receive light received from the scene in front via the objective lens (19). Aiming at their input side of the image intensifier member (25), a lens switching device (31), second light reflecting members (29) disposed between the image intensifier member (25) and the lens switching device (31) to forward light received from the image intensifier member (25) directing downwards and inwards through the lens switching device (31), third light-reflecting members (33) arranged so as to redirect substantially horizontal inwardly directed light through the lens switching device (31) through the second light-reflecting members (29) , and fourth light reflecting members (35) arranged to re-direct the light redirected by the third reflecting members (33) r aim downwards at the entry surface (37) of the eyepiece (15).
    [16]
    System according to claim 15, characterized in that the second reflecting members (29) have light-transmitting properties as well as light-reflecting properties, and in that the system further comprises a display device (51 to 63 or 5,53,59,63,65,67). for directing light, which displays a view through the second reflecting members (29) through the lens switching device (31), and hence after reflection at the third and fourth reflecting members (33,35) in the eyepiece (15 ) to be seen by the observer in a similar manner to the amplified image.
    [17]
    Night vision system, characterized by two night vision systems (13a, 13b) according to any of the preceding claims, one for each eye (E) of the observer.
    [18]
    Night vision system, comprising two night vision systems (13a, 13b) according to claim 16, one for each eye (E) of the observer, characterized in that the display device (51 to 63) comprises: a cathode ray tube (51), a second lens switching device (53) a beam splitter (55) comprising four rectangular prisms (57) which unit with the tops together and are provided on opposite sides with coatings having light reflecting and transmitting properties, and first and second coherent fiber optic beams (59a, 59b), wherein light from a real image displayed at a screen (63) of the cathode ray tube (51) is directed to a focus through the second lens switching device (59) together with the beam splitter (55) at one end of each first and second fiber optic bundle (59a, 59b), and wherein the other ends of the fiber optic bundles (59a, 59b) are positioned to receive light through the second reflecting beam, respectively direction (29).
    [19]
    System comprising two night vision systems (13a, 13b) according to claim 16, one for each observer's eye (E), characterized in that the display (51,53,59,63,65,67) comprises: a cathode ray tube (51) , a second lens switching device (53), fifth and sixth light reflecting members (65, 67), obliquely to each other at right angles and arranged on the optical axis of the second lens switching device (53) with the fifth: light reflecting members (65) closer at the second lens switching device
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
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    US6008779A|1999-12-28|
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    FR2748821A1|1997-11-21|
    GB8806482D0|1997-07-16|
    FR2748821B1|1999-02-19|
    DE3809788C2|2000-09-07|
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    法律状态:
    2001-05-01| A1C| A request for examination has been filed|
    2002-10-01| CNR| Transfer of rights (patent application after its laying open for public inspection)|Free format text: BAE SYSTEMS ELECTRONICS LIMITED |
    2002-10-01| DNT| Communications of changes of names of applicants whose applications have been laid open to public inspection|Free format text: MARCONI (HOLDINGS) LIMITED;GEC-MARCONI (HOLDINGS) LIMITED |
    2006-02-01| SNR| Assignments of patents or rights arising from examined patent applications|Owner name: BAE SYSTEMS PLC Effective date: 20051118 |
    2006-12-01| V1| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20061001 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB8706943|1987-03-24|
    GBGB8706943.1A|GB8706943D0|1987-03-24|1987-03-24|Helmet systems|
    GBGB8718177.2A|GB8718177D0|1987-07-31|1987-07-31|Helmet systems|
    GB8718177|1987-07-31|
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