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    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to a winter wheat planting method for adjusting application time and an application rate of a nitrogen fertilizer according to basic soil fertility. The method includes: arranging a nitrogen-rich region and nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions in a field; applying a base fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions according to 60% of the total nitrogen application rate; respectively measuring dry root weights of wheat seedlings, i.e., W1 and W2, in the nitrogen-rich region and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions in a wintering period and a flag leaf period; when W1/W2 is less than or equal to 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer is not needed; and when the W1/W2 is more than 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer is needed. According to the method in the present invention, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is significantly decreased; a utilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is high; and wheat yield is high.
    公开号:NL2028367A
    申请号:NL2028367
    申请日:2021-06-01
    公开日:2021-12-14
    发明作者:Kong Ling'an；Zhang Bin；Li Huawei；Feng Bo；Wang Fahong；Wang Zongshuai；Li Shengdong；Si Jisheng
    申请人:Shandong Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Crop Res Institute；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    WINTER WHEAT PLANTING METHOD FOR ADJUSTING APPLICATION TIME AND
    APPLICATION RATE OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO BASIC SOIL FERTILITY Technical Field The present invention relates to a winter wheat planting method for adjusting application time and an application rate of a nitrogen fertilizer according to basic soil fertility.
    Background As a major grain crop in China and an important grain ration for urban and rural residents, wheat occupies a special place. In nearly three decades, remarkable progresses have been achieved in breeding of high-yield high-quality wheat varieties, high-yield theoretical innovation of wheat, key technical breakthrough of wheat production and technical pattern integration of regional production in China.
    In spite of continuous high yield of grains, there is still a big gap in wheat production in China from developed countries such as Europe and the United States. At present, in the wheat production of the developed countries, agricultural machinery intelligence and precise production management are basically realized, thereby promoting the rapid increase of utilization efficiency of agricultural resources and the increase of wheat production benefits. By taking nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency as an example, the utilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer applied to wheat in the developed countries such as Europe and the United States is up to about 50%, while the utilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer in China is about 25% only. Due to rudimentary production and management technologies, production cost of the wheat in Shandong province is high, and market competitiveness is seriously insufficient.
    The patent 2014105995675 has disclosed an efficient nitrogen fertilizer application method for wheat in a Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region based on soil fertility. Accurate nitrogen fertilizer management of wheat is guided by arranging two treatments, such as a facility blank plot and a nitrogen-rich plot, in a plot. Although a comparison result of the control plot and the nitrogen-rich treatment serves as a reference base for topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer in the field, there is no quantitative nitrogen fertilizer topdressing method, and thus accurate topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer cannot be achieved.
    Information that discloses the background is only intended to increase some understanding of the overall background of the present invention, and it is not necessarily regarded to acknowledge or imply in any form that the information has become the prior art known to those skilled in the art.
    Summary With respect to the above background, the present invention provides a winter wheat planting method for adjusting application time and an application rate of a nitrogen fertilizer according to basic soil fertility. The application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is significantly decreased; root vitality is significantly enhanced; and wheat yield is high.
    Specifically, technical solutions of the present invention are as follows: The winter wheat planting method for adjusting application time and the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer according to basic soil fertility adopts a reasonable nitrogen application method and includes specific steps: arranging a nitrogen-rich region and nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions in a field; applying a base fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions according to 60% of the total nitrogen application rate; and respectively measuring dry root weights of wheat seedlings, i.e., W; and W» respectively, in the nitrogen-rich region and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions in a wintering period and a flag leaf period, wherein when W/W: is less than or equal to 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer is not needed; when the W:/W: is more than 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer is needed; when the W/W: is more than 1.5, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 25% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W: is more than 1.4 and less than or equal to 1.5, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 20% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W:/W:2 is more than 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.4, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 15% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W:/W: is more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.3, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 10% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W: is more than 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.2, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 5% of the total nitrogen application rate; and when the W/W is more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.1, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounts for 2.5% of the total nitrogen application rate.
    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, time of measuring the dry root weight is a wintering period, that is, a period when the fifth leaf of wheat comes out; and a flag leaf period, that is, a period when the uppermost leaf of a wheat stem comes out.
    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, nitrogen fertilizer topdressing time is a wintering period, that is, a period within 1-3 days after the fifth leaf of wheat comes out; and/or, the topdressing time is a flag leaf period, that is, a period within 1 day after the uppermost leaf of the wheat stem comes out.
    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen-rich region is 1.2-1.5 times of fertilizer requirement for target yield, and the fertilizer is applied according to a base-topdressing ratio of 5:5; further, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer in the nitrogen-rich region is 1.4 times of the fertilizer requirement for target yield. The fertilizer requirement for target yield may be calculated according to a formula: the total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm2)=(the target yield-the yield in the nitrogen blank region) x nitrogen absorption/utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer in the current season while producing 1 kg of grains.
    In embodiments of the present invention, at least one nitrogen-rich region and at least one nitrogen fertilizer topdressing region are arranged; an area of the nitrogen-rich region is (5- 6)mx{5-6)m; and an area of the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions is the same as the area of the nitrogen-rich region.
    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one nitrogen-rich region and a plurality of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions are arranged; the nitrogen-rich region is arranged in the centre of the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions; and further, isolation regions are arranged between the nitrogen-rich region and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions, and have a width of 2-3 m.
    In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the wheat is Shannong 27 winter wheat. The technical solutions of the present invention have beneficial effects as follows: Compared with the prior art, complicated statistics and calculation of a single tillering number of wheat seedlings, a dry matter quantity of the overground part and leaf colour readings are saved.
    According to the method in the present invention, the accurate application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer may be obtained; the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is significantly decreased; and the wheat yield is high. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer is scientifically applied by wheat growers; and the method is particularly applicable to large wheat fields.
    Description of Drawings Drawings of the description forming part of the present invention are used for providing further understanding of the present invention. Illustrative embodiments and descriptions thereof in the present invention are used for explaining the present invention, rather than forming an inappropriate limitation to the present invention.
    Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of plot selection in the present invention.
    In the figure: 1: nitrogen-rich region; 2: nitrogen fertilizer topdressing region; 3: contrast region; 4: nitrogen blank region.
    Detailed Description It should be indicated that, detailed descriptions below are all illustrative, and are intended to provide further descriptions for the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present invention have the same meanings as those generally understood by those ordinary skilled in the art in the present invention.
    It should be noted that, the terms used herein are merely used for describing specific embodiments, rather than intended to limit the illustrative embodiments according to the present invention. Unless otherwise expressly stated in the context, a singular form of the terms used herein is also intended to include a plural form. In addition, it should be understood that, when terms “include” and/or “comprise” are used in the description, it is indicated that features, steps, operations and/or combinations thereof exist.
    The inventor has been engaged in production research and technical development of winter wheat for a long time. To increase the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency, effects of different nitrogen application levels on various characters of wheat in different development periods are analysed and researched. Statistical analysis is conducted according to research results. It is accidentally discovered that, the nitrogen application level has a certain linear relationship with some root characters according to a specific base-topdressing ratio, which provides a convenient method for accurately applying the nitrogen fertilizer by wheat growers. The method is applicable to alarge farm.
    Specifically, the method includes the steps: A nitrogen-rich region and nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions were arranged in a field; a base fertilizer was applied to the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions according to 60% of the total nitrogen application rate; dry root weights of wheat seedlings, i.e., Ws and W respectively, were respectively measured in the nitrogen-rich region and the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions in a wintering period and a flag leaf period; when W/W; was less than or equal to 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer was not needed; when the W/W. was more than 1, topdressing of the nitrogen fertilizer was needed; when the W/W. was more than 1.5, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 25% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W. was more than 1.4 and less than or equal to 1.5, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 20% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W. was more than 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.4, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 15% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W: was more than 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.3, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 10% of the total nitrogen application rate; when the W/W. was more than 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.2, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 5% of the total nitrogen application rate; and when the W/W. was more than 1 and less than or equal to 1.1, the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer accounted for 2.5% of the total nitrogen application rate.
    It is worth noting that, with the goal of increasing yield of grains, a topdressing frequency of the nitrogen fertilizer is decreased; and the base fertilizer is applied to the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions according to 60% of the total nitrogen application rate, thereby increasing the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer.
    To clearly understand the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below in detail in combination with specific embodiments.
    Test method: test was conducted in a test field of Shandong Dezhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018/2019; an experimental variety was Shannong 27; the seeds were sowed on October 5, 2018; soil was brown soil; and the soil contained 0.60 g/kg of total nitrogen, 14.49 g/kg of organic matter content, 32.49 mg/kg of available nitrogen content, 48.21 mg/kg of available phosphorus and 40.85 mg/kg of available potassium.
    Drill sowing was conducted; as shown in Fig. 1, a nitrogen-rich region (1) was arranged in a central part of the test field; nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions (2), a contrast region (3) and a 5 nitrogen blank region (4) were arranged at the periphery of the test field; the size of each region is 5mx5m; and a width of an isolation region was 2 m. A traditional local nitrogen application method was adopted in the contrast region (3); and the nitrogen fertilizer was not applied in the nitrogen blank region (4). Planting density was 200 plants/m ; and before sowing, a phosphorus fertilizer was applied by 100 kg/hm (based on P2Os) and a potassium fertilizer was applied by 100 kg/hm (based on K20).
    Time of measuring the dry root weight was a wintering period, that is, a period when the fifth leaf of wheat came out; and a flag leaf period, that is, a period when the uppermost leaf of a wheat stem came out. 5 locations were randomly selected in each treatment; soil columns having an area of 400-600 cm and a depth of 40 cm were dug in rows; the soil columns were fully soaked and flushed; 50 intact wheat plant roots were selected; the roots were wiped dry and dried to constant weight in an oven; and the dry root weight was measured. Results were shown in Table
    1. Table 1 Average dry weight of roots of single wheat plant in different treatment regions (unit: mg) Measuring periods Nitrogen-rich region Nitrogen fertilizer Wi/W2 EET en | Period when the fifth leaf 104.1 80.5 1.29 Coro | Period when the 321.6 2445 1.32 uppermost leaf of a wheat We Nitrogen application method: Determination of total nitrogen application rate: the total nitrogen application rate is determined according to a formula: the total nitrogen application rate (kg/hm2) =(the target yield- the yield in the nitrogen blank region) xnitrogen absorption/utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer in the current season while producing 1 kg of grains. The target yield is 8.50 t/hm ; yield in the nitrogen blank region is 4.50 t/hm ; the nitrogen absorption of every 100 kg of the produced grains is 2.9 kg; and the utilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer in the current season is calculated according to 35%, thereby obtaining the total nitrogen application rate=(8500-4500) x0.029+0.35=331.43 kg/hm . The total nitrogen application rate in the nitrogen-rich region (1) is equal to 331.43x1.4=484.0 kg/hm ; the fertilizer is applied according to a base-topdressing ratio of 5:5; and the topdressing time is a jointing stage. The nitrogen application method in the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions (2) is shown in Table 2; and the nitrogen application method in the contrast region (3) is shown in Table 3.
    The wheat was fully ripened and harvested on June 26, 2019; and an ear number per mu, a grain amount per ear, thousand seed weight and yield of the wheat were surveyed before harvesting.
    Test results: The test results are shown in Table 2 and Table 3. According to the method in the present invention, the nitrogen fertilizer application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions is 85% of the traditional method and is saved by 15%. The ear number per mu, the grain amount per ear and the thousand seed weight are equivalent; and the yield of grains is higher than that in the traditional method, which indicates that the application time and the application rate of the nitrogen fertilizer are reasonably adjusted according to the basic soil fertility in the present invention. Moreover, compared with the traditional fertilization method, the method in the present invention significantly increases the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency and achieves significant technical effects.
    Table 2 Fertilizer application rate, ear number per mu, grain amount per ear, thousand seed weight and yield in the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions Fertilization Ear number | Grain Thousand Grain time Ratio Kg/hm per mu/plant | amount per | seed vield/kg per accounting ear/grain weight/g mu for total nitrogen application Base 60% 198.86 fertilizer (before = | Within 1 day | 10% 33.143 after the fifth 467000 39.2 41.5 645.77 leaf of the wheat comes out Within 1 day | 15% 49.71 after the uppermost leaf of the wheat stem = |
    Table 3 Fertilizer application rate, ear number per mu, grain amount per ear, thousand seed weight and yield in the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions Fertilization Ear number | Grain Thousand Grain time Ratio Kg/hm per mu/plant | amount per | seed yield/kg per accounting ear/grain weight/g mu for total nitrogen application Base 40% 132.57 fertilizer (before sowing) Tillering 25% 82.86 stage of 467000 39.0 41.3 629.32 wheat (when 4 leaves comes out) Jointing 20% 66.27 stage of wheat (when 9 leaves comes out) Heading 15% 49.71 stage (when 12 leaves comes out) The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention.
    However, the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments.
    Other changes, modifications, replacements, combinations and simplifications made without departing from the spiritual essence and principles of the present invention shall be equivalent substitute modes and are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    1. A method of planting winter wheat involving adjusting the time of application and the amount of application of a nitrogen fertilizer according to the basic fertility of the soil, establishing a reasonable method of applying nitrogen and comprising the following steps : — arranging a nitrogen rich area and areas with nitrogen fertilizer top dressing in a field; — applying a basic fertilizer to the areas with a top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer corresponding to 60% of the total amount of nitrogen applied, and — measuring respectively the dry root weight of wheat seedlings, ie W1 and W2, respectively, in the nitrogen rich area and the areas with a top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer in a wintering period and a flag leaf period, where — when W1/W2 is less than or equal to 1, the application of the nitrogen fertilizer is not necessary; — when W1/AWV2 is greater than 1, the nitrogen fertilizer must be applied as top dressing; — when the W1/W2 is greater than 1.5, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 25% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; — when the W1/W2 is greater than 1.4 and less than or equal to 1.5, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 20% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; — when the W1/W2 is greater than 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.4, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 15% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; — when the W1/W2 is greater than 1.2 and less than or equal to 1.3, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 10% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; — when the W1/W2 is greater than 1.1 and less than or equal to 1.2, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 5% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied; and — when W1/W2 is greater than 1 and less than or equal to 1.1, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied is 2.5% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied.
    [2]
    The method according to claim 1, wherein the time of measuring the dry root weight is a hibernation period, i.e. a period in which the fifth leaf of the wheat hatch, and a flag leaf period, that is, a period in which the top leaf of a wheat stalk comes out.
    [3]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the time of applying nitrogen fertilizer as top dressing is a wintering period, that is, a period within 1 to 3 days after the emergence of the fifth wheat leaf; and/or, the time of application of nitrogen fertilizers is a flag leaf period, i.e., a period within 1 day of the emergence of the top leaf of the wheat stalk.
    [4]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied in the nitrogen rich region is 1.2-1.5 times the amount of fertilizer required for the target yield.
    [5]
    The method of claim 4, wherein the amount of nitrogen fertilizer to be applied in the nitrogen rich region is 1.4 times the amount of fertilizer required for the target yield.
    [6]
    The method of claim 1, wherein at least one nitrogen rich region and at least one nitrogen fertilizer top dressing region are arranged; and the area of the nitrogen-rich region is (5 - 6) m x (5 - 6) m.
    [7]
    The method of claim 6, wherein the area of the nitrogen fertilizer top dressing area is equal to the area of the nitrogen rich area.
    [8]
    The method of claim 6, wherein a nitrogen-rich region and a plurality of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions are arranged, and the nitrogen-rich region is arranged in the middle of the nitrogen fertilizer topdressing regions.
    [9]
    The method of claim 8, wherein between the nitrogen-rich area and the areas with a nitrogen fertilizer top dressing are provided isolation areas having a width of 2-3 m.
    [10]
    The method of claim 1, wherein the wheat is Shannong 27 winter wheat.
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN202010506952.6A|CN111512910A|2020-06-05|2020-06-05|Winter wheat planting method for adjusting nitrogen fertilizer application period and application amount according to soil basic fertility|
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