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    • 专利摘要:
    The present disclosure provides a method for collecting and further reducing phosphorus by kidney-inspiration in a slope catchment area of a phosphorus-rich area. The method includes the following steps: analyzing suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the surface runoff of the phosphorus-rich area through the hydrometeorological assay report; determining the amount of fillers and plants required based on the rainfall and the concentration of relevant non-point source pollutants; determining the scale of the desilting and filtration system based on the obtained rainfall and suspended solids content; designing the size of the catchment/drainage ditch according to the rainfall; the runoff and hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic retention time; hydraulic load; flow rate; and flow velocity. The present disclosure mainly solves the problem of the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus output from the mountainous phosphorus-rich area. In order to prevent and control the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, the earth-rock engineering and the biological engineering are combined into a micro-ditch shunting/infiltration system and a drainage/confluence system; so as to eliminate the pollutants in the catchment area in situ. The present disclosure is applied for removing non-point source pollutants such as total suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) in the runoff of the mountainous phosphorus-rich areas.
    公开号:NL2024991A
    申请号:NL2024991
    申请日:2020-02-25
    公开日:2020-04-29
    发明作者:Duan Changqun；Liu Change；Fu Denggao；Guo Zhen；Pan Ying；Zhang Yajing
    申请人:Univ Yunnan；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Deze publicatie komt overeen met de oorspronkelijk ingediende stukken.
    METHOD FOR COLLECTING AND FURTHER REDUCING PHOSPHORUS BY KIDNEY-INSPIRATION IN SLOPE CATCHMENT AREA OF PHOSPHORUS-RICH AREA
    TECHNICAL FIELD
    The present disclosure belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an ecological improvement method for a mined phosphorite area.
    BACKGROUND
    The phosphorus-rich basins are mostly located in mountainous and hilly areas and belong to the plateau structure and the hilly landforms that are eroded and slightly split, such as the areas classified as No. IIAii-1 (i.e. the sub-humid evergreen broad-leaved forest in the central Yunnan and eastern Yunnan plateau, and the pine forest region in Yunnan), and the areas classified as No. IIAii-la (i.e. the cyclob al anop sis forest in the central Yunnan plateau valley basin, Yuanjiang castanopsis forest, and Yunnan pine forest subregion in the central Yunnan plateau). The dominant plants in the area are erianthus rufipilus, corianarianepalensis and pnius yunnanensis, etc. The soil type is acid soil, the soil is mainly mountainous red soil and partly red lime soil, the pH value of the soil is 4.94-8.35, with an average of 6.23. The soil organic matter is 0.55% 11.6%, with an average of 3.21%. The soil total nitrogen is 54.7-8978 mg/kg, with an average of 778 mg/kg. The soil total phosphorus is 106-20895 mg/kg, with an average of 1864 mg/kg. The available phosphoms is 7.9-184mg/kg, with an average of 80.4mg/kg. The soil rapidly available potassium is 2.9-122 mg/kg, with an average of 61.2 mg/kg. The total phosphorus content in the phosphorus-rich area ranged from 0.3335.44 g/kg, with an average value of 5.27 g/kg. The total phosphorus in the soil is at the first level. The soil rapidly available phosphorus content ranged from 1.54-9007.53 mg/kg, and the average value shows that the soil rapidly available phosphorus is at the first level. Since the soil itself contains excessive phosphorus, a large number of phosphorus pollution is carried into Dianchi Lake from this area every year, which accelerates the eutrophication process of Dianchi Lake, seriously threatens the safety of water bodies, poses a potential threat to human health, endanger the sustainable development of society.
    In general, the research on the reconstruction and improvement of phosphorus-rich areas at home and abroad has been carried out for many years, but it makes relatively slow progress. In recent years, more attention has been drawn to researches on soil quality restoration in phosphorus-rich areas. Studies have shown that the restoration efficiency of major species in common communities in phosphorus-rich degraded mountainous areas is investigated and evaluated, and the soil and water conservation functions of common plants in the phosphorus-rich areas of the Dianchi Lake Basin are studied. In addition, foreign researchers improve soil texture by planting fast-growing plants, or by soil modifiers, so as to restore the phosphorus-rich areas to communities with dominant oak species. The dynamic characteristics of plant belts for reducing phosphorus-rich mountain runoff have been studied. However, the qualitative and semiquantitative research on the restoration and management of phosphorus-rich areas is not mature and systematic, and needs further improvement.
    SUMMARY
    The objective of the present disclosure is to solve the deficiencies existing in the prior art described above, and to provide a method for collecting and further reducing phosphorus by kidney-inspiration in a slope catchment area of a phosphorus-rich area. In order to prevent and control the output of the mountainous phosphorus-rich areas, the earth-rock engineering and the biological engineering are combined into a microditch shunting/infiltration system and a drainage/confluence system, so that pollutants in the catchment area can be eliminated in situ.
    The present disclosure adopts the following technical solutions:
    A method for collecting and further reducing phosphorus by kidney-inspiration on the slope catchment area of the phosphorus-rich area includes the following steps:
    Step 1: analyzing the content of suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the surface runoff in the phosphorus-rich area according to the hydrometeorological assay report.
    Step 2: determining the required amount of fillers and plants according to the rainfall and the concentration of related non-point source pollutants ( suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and total nitrogen in surface runoff) according to step 1, and arranging the fillers and the plants on the surface of the phosphorus-rich area.
    According to the test of the adsorption performance of a single filler combination, the filler combination is selected as ceramsite, iron-ore slag, furnace slag and carbon slag. The isothermal adsorption and dynamic adsorption test are performed on the filler selection objects to comprehensively compare the maximum adsorption amount of phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen of each filler, and the velocity of equilibrium adsorption of each filler. The results show that the performance of phosphorus adsorption is ranked as: ceramsite> iron-ore slag> furnace slag> diatomite, and coal slag and straw are not suitable as fillers for phosphorus adsorption.
    The performance of ammonia nitrogen adsorption is ranked as ceramsite> diatomite, slag and iron-ore slag are not suitable as the fillers for ammonia nitrogen adsorption. By comprehensively analyzing the removal effects of each filler on phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen, ceramsite, diatomite, iron-ore slag and furnace slag (from two places, named furnace slag and coal slag, respectively) are selected as the main fillers. The filler is placed in a filling bag with good permeability, and assembled according to the form of phosphorus and nitrogen in the water and the water flow velocity. Finally, the filling bag that has been saturated for adsorption is taken out and replaced, and the replaced filler is placed on the roots of mountain plants as a source of fertilizer for growth.
    The scale of the desilting and filtration system is determined based on the rainfall and suspended solids content obtained in step 1;
    The materials of check dams are selected from the group of erianthus rufipilus straws, corn straws, saccharum straws and wormseed straws, which are abundant in the phosphorus-rich area.
    In the phosphorus-rich area, a plurality of spout-like landforms are selected from top to bottom according to the topography. A plurality of check dams made of plant straws are constructed in a stepwise manner, and are arranged upstream of the phosphorus-rich area;
    According to the design requirements and site conditions, the vegetative filter strip is installed downstream of the phosphorus-rich area and upstream of the check dam. The removal threshold of particle size is preset, and the settling velocity ω (m/s) is calculated according to the particle settling velocity formula. The slope drop of the vegetative filter strip is E, and the plant spacing of the vegetative filter strip is S (m3/s). According to Manning formula:
    Df=(qi])° f7E°3 (m), where, Df: flow depth of the vegetative filter strip (m);
    q: flow rate of the runoff per unit width (nf’/s);
    η: Manning roughness coefficient;
    E: slope drop of the vegetative filter strip (%);
    the actual runoff depth of the vegetative filter strip is determined.
    The flow velocity in the vegetative filter strip: Vs=(l/q)*Df2/3E1/2=q/Df (m/s);
    The plant spacing parameter: Rs=(S*Df)/(2Df + S) (m);
    According to the empirical formula studied by the University of Kentucky, the removal parameter X is:
    X=(Vs*Rs/V) 0.82*(Lm*ro*Df/Vs) 91;
    where, V is kinematic viscosity, generally IO'6.
    The parameters of the vegetative filter strip are: the plant spacing is 3mm. The plants grown in the vegetative filter strip include vetiver, festuca arundinacea, cynodon dactylon, bluegrass and ryegrass, and a small amount of castor and Jerusalem artichoke (according to the plant evaluation system, castor and Jerusalem artichoke are good at absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus).
    According to the empirical relationship between the removal parameter X and the sediment removal rate, when X=10, the sediment removal rate reaches more than 98%, which can meet the engineering requirements. Therefore, the length of the vegetative filter strip can be calculated.
    One or more rectangular sedimentation ponds are constructed based on the local rainfall and surface runoff, and the dimensions of length, width and height of the rectangular sedimentation ponds are designed to make the surface hydraulic load q in the range of 0.8-3.0.
    According to the Stokes overflow formula, at a certain flow rate, when the overflow velocity is less than or equal to the particle settling velocity, particles of this size will settle. The area of the desilting pond determines the overflow velocity at a certain flow rate. The Stokes overflow velocity formula:
    OR=Q/As=<(o;
    where, OR: overflow velocity (m/s);
    Q: flow rate (m3/s);
    As: desilting pond area (m2);
    ω: settling velocity (m/s);
    Oj=gD2*(Ps-l)/18V;
    where, D: Critical sand particle size (m);
    g: gravitational acceleration (m/s2);
    V: viscosity coefficient;
    Ps: sediment proportion;
    According to the rainfall analysis in the phosphorus-rich area, the flow rate is measured. Taking the sediment content in the runoff, economic conditions, and project requirements into consideration, the settling efficiency of the desilting pond is set as 70%. The particle size analysis of the runoff shows that the threshold of particle size for removing sediment is 0.05 mm when the requirement for desilting efficiency is satisfied.
    According to OR=Q/As=<o and ®=gD2*(Ps-l)/18V, the area of the desilting pond is calculated. The desilting pond is located upstream of the phosphorus-rich area.
    The desilting pond has an inner diameter of 5m, an area of 25m2, a depth of 1.5m, and a design flow rate of 0.099 nf7s, and is built with red bricks. The water outlet is set in gradients (the water outlets are provided at 0cm, 40cm, 80cm, 120cm, and 150cm from the bottom respectively). In order to properly realize the regulating and control function, the sedimentation pond is arranged downstream of the vegetative filter strip.
    The size of the catchment/drainage ditch is designed based on the rainfall, the runoff and the hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow rate, and flow velocity in step 1.
    The retention time of water in the ditch system is required to be greater than 20min. According to the rainfall and catchment area of the phosphorus-rich area, and taking full account of the adsorption function of plants, combined with the Stokes overflow velocity formula and the Manning formula, the parameters of the desilting pond and the related parameters of the vegetative filter strip are determined, so as to design the length and sectional area of the catchment/drainage ditch.
    The ditch is designed to be located upstream of the sedimentation pond and connected to the sedimentation pond.
    A gravel layer is placed at the bottom of the ditch; The fillers, including ceramsite, diatomite, iron-ore slag, and furnace slag, are placed in the ditch. The plants, including vetiver, festuca arundinacea, cynodon dactylon, bluegrass, and ryegrass are planted at the top, sides and bottom of the ditch plant.
    The advantages of the present disclosure are as follows:
    The present disclosure is mainly aimed at preventing and controlling the output of the mountainous phosphorus-rich area, and combines the earth-rock engineering with the biological engineering to design a micro-ditch shunting/infiltration system and a discharge/confluence system, so that pollutants in the catchment area can be eliminated in situ. The present disclosure is applied for removing non-point source pollutants such as total suspended solids (SS), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) in the mnoff of mountainous areas rich in phosphorus.
    According to the local landforms and climatic conditions, and based on the bionics principle and the principle of the largest detoxification and purification organs, i.e. kidney of living organisms, the common wetland fillers and biological fillers are combined to establish a kidney-like multi-level decontamination ditch system relied on the local vegetation, especially used for phosphorus removal.
    In the present disclosure, the plant check dam made of the straws of large biomass plants in the severely eroded areas where plants are difficult to grow. The fillers are placed in the planting bag to ensure the contact area, which facilitates placement and recycling. The plant combination and the filler combination achieve the maximum removal rate of non-point source pollutants.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present disclosure.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
    In order to clearly illustrate the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present disclosure, the technical solutions in the present disclosure are clearly and fully described hereinafter. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by an ordinary person skilled in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
    Technical principle: in order to solve the technical problem in the prior art, the nutrient element output in the runoff in the phosphorus-rich area is analyzed, and the various forms of phosphorus in the runoff through various methods are reduced in multiple manners. The check dams are constructed to reduce the content of sediment and particulate phosphorus in the desilting ponds and vegetative filter strips, and the absorption of dissolved phosphorus is achieved by the plants and fillers.
    Operation method: according to the data of annual rainfall and the hydrometeorological data assay report, the content of suspended solids, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved phosphorus (DP), and total nitrogen (TN) in the runoff is analyzed. According to the content of rainfall and suspended solids, the scale of the desilting and filtration system are determined. According to the rainfall and the concentration of relevant non-point source pollutants, the amount of fillers and plants required is determined. According to the rainfall, runoff and hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow rate, and flow velocity, the catchment/drainage ditch is designed.
    Embodiment
    The project area: the mountainous area in the east of the Seventh Office of Shangjia Town, Jinning County, in Dianchi Lake Basin.
    Objective: according to the climate and landform in the project area, the non-point source pollutants are removed to the greatest extent from the runoff in the project area, with minimum investment.
    The demonstration area is located in the valley about 2 kilometers southeast of Duanqi Village
    The cross-section of the distribution ditch is trapezoidal, with an upper base of 1 meter, a lower base of 0.5 meters, and a depth of 0.8 meters;
    The total length of the distribution ditch is 314 meters, with fourteen longitudinal trenches and thirteen short horizontal trenches;
    Two overflow walls are provided in the drainage channel, with a thickness of 0.25 meters. One with a height of 0.3 meters, and the other one with a height of 1.5 meters.
    A retaining wall is provided in the lower side (west side) of the project area, with a width of 0.25 meters and a length of 26 meters, and 0.5 meters above the ground.
    The south side of the project area is the original mountain road, and the north side is the hill corner line.
    1. Plant combination and filler combination selection
    According to the test of the adsorption performance of a single filler combination, the filler combination is selected as ceramsite, iron-ore slag, furnace slag, carbon slag.
    Analysis results of the ability of plants for phosphorus fixation and retention are as follows: five indicators, including leaf P content, root density, biomass, biotype, and specific leaf area, are evaluated. Based on the perturbation analysis (i.e. the smaller the perturbation is, the more dominant the system is), the five optimal plants are selected, including erianthus fulvus, worm seed, alfalfa, ageratina adenophora, and cyclosorus aridus, which are ranged in order of superiority.
    Analysis results of the adaptability and transformation ability of plants in the barren environment are as follows: six indicators, including leaf N content, leaf K content, species importance under barren conditions, biotype, diffusion method, and specific leaf area, are evaluated. Based on the perturbation analysis (i.e. the smaller the perturbation is, the more dominant the system is), the five optimal plants are selected, including worm seed, rumex hastatus, ageratina adenophora, alfalfa, and buddleja asiatica, which are ranged in order of superiority.
    Analysis results of the adaptability and transformation ability of plants in the barren environment are as follows: five indicators, including the performance of the species in the dry season, the presence of underground stems, the shape of leaf hairs (thorns), the root depth of plants (herbs), and the specific leaf area, are evaluated. Based on the perturbation analysis (i.e. the smaller the perturbation is, the more dominant the system is), the five optimal plants are selected, including single-thorn cactus, cirsium japonicum fisch, mullein, rumex hastatus, and euphorbia prolifera, which are ranged in order of superiority.
    Based on the plant properties, the abilities of plants for phosphorus fixation and retention, tolerate barren soils, and drought resistance are evaluated by the perturbation analysis. The top 5 plants with the perturbation capacity of each capacity are selected, including vetiver, festuca arundinacea, ryegrass, bluegrass, and cynodon dactylon.
    Based on the comparison of the runoff water purification effect under different plant combinations, the plant combination is selected as vetiver, festuca arundinacea, ryegrass, bluegrass, and cynodon dactylon.
    The straw of the invasive species, ageratina adenophora, with the largest biomass in the project area is selected as the material of the plant check dam. A plurality of spout-like landforms are selected from top to bottom according to the topography, and a plurality of plant check dams are constructed in a stepwise manner. When the runoff passes, the large particles of sand and gravel are trapped to prevent the downstream ditch system from blocking. Moreover, the loss of particulate phosphorus and nitrogen and the output of sediment can be reduced. The amount of plant check dams can be appropriately modified according to the intensity of the runoff. For example, the volume and number of check dams are increased at locations where the runoff has a strong intensity.
    Since the sediment content in the project area is large, it is required for a sediment settling system with strong sedimentation ability. As a widely used sedimentation ίο method, the sedimentation pond is relatively mature and efficient at removing sediment with a certain particle size. According to the local rainfall and runoff, one or more rectangular sedimentation ponds are constructed, and the length, width, and height dimensions thereof are designed to make the surface hydraulic load q preferably between 0.8-3.0. The desilting pond is arranged downstream of the ditch and connected to the ditch.
    Determination of the parameters of the desilting pond:
    According to the Stokes overflow formula, at a certain flow rate, when the overflow velocity is less than or equal to the particle settling velocity, particles of this size will settle. The area of the desilting pond determines the overflow velocity at a certain flow rate. The Stokes overflow velocity formula:
    OR=Q/As=<m where, OR: overflow velocity (m/s);
    Q: flow rate (m3/s);
    As: desilting pond area (m2);
    ω: settling velocity (m/s);
    Oj=gD2*(Ps-l)/18V;
    where, D: Critical sand particle size (m);
    g: gravitational acceleration (m/s2);
    V: viscosity coefficient;
    Ps: sediment proportion;
    According to the rainfall analysis in the project area, the flow rate is set as 0.099m’/s. By comprehensively considering the sediment content in the runoff, economic conditions, and project requirements, the settling efficiency of the desilting pond is set as 70%. Based on the results of particle size analysis, the threshold of particle size of the sediment to be removed is 0.05 mm, when the required desilting efficiency is satisfied. By calculating the formula OR=Q/As=<o and co=gD2*(Ps-l)/18V, when the area of the desilting pond reaches 25m2 (5m x 5m), the removal efficiency can reach more than 70%.
    Design of straw vegetative filter strip parameters:
    Taking a large amount of sediments and the high content of particulate phosphorus in the project area into consideration, in order to better remove the sediment, the vegetative filter strip is configured to further remove the sediment in the runoff. Due to the limitation of the site conditions in the project area, the slope drop and width of the vegetative filter strip can be relatively small. According to the requirements for the removal effect of the vegetative filter strip, the length of the vegetative filter strip is set as 30m, and the vegetative filter strip is arranged downstream of phosphorus-rich area.
    Determination of the related parameters of straw vegetative filter strip:
    The efficiency of vegetative filter strips is affected by factors such as flow rate, slope drop, plant spacing, Manning roughness coefficient of plants, water flow width, and length of the vegetative filter strip, wherein the flow rate and the Manning roughness coefficient can be considered as known factors. Due to the limitation of the topography and other timing conditions, the selectivity of the slope drop, the plant spacing and the water flow width is poor. Therefore, the main factor determining the efficiency of the vegetative filter strip is the length of the vegetative filter strip.
    According to the project requirements and site conditions, the removal threshold of particle size of the vegetative filter strip is set as 0.06 mm, and the settling velocity (O=2.7017*10‘3m7s is obtained according to the particle settling velocity formula. The slope drop of the vegetative filter strip in the project area: E=2%, the plant spacing of the vegetative filter strip: S=0. lm3/s, according to Manning formula:
    Df=(qq)° 6/E° 3=0.1157 (m) where, Df: flow depth of the vegetative filter strip (m);
    q: flow rate of the runoff per unit width (m3/s);
    η: Manning roughness coefficient;
    E: slope drop of the vegetative filter strip (%).
    The actual runoff depth of the vegetative filter strip is designed to be 11cm, which belongs to the tolerance range.
    The flow velocity in the vegetative filter strip:
    Vs=(l/i])*Df2/3E1/2=q/Df=0.096m/s.
    The plant spacing parameter: Rs=(S*Df)/(2Df + S)=0.00148m.
    According to the empirical formula studied by the University of Kentucky, the removal parameter X is:
    X=(Vs*Rs/V) O.82*(Lm*oj*Df/Vs)91;
    where, V is kinematic viscosity, generally 10'6;
    According to the empirical relationship between the removal parameter X and the sediment removal rate, when X=10, the sediment removal reaches more than 98%, which can meet the engineering requirements. The length of the vegetative filter strip is calculated to be about 28.3m. Therefore, the length of the vegetative filter strip is set as 30m.
    Determination of the parameters of the ditch system:
    According to the rainfall intensity, the hydrological parameters of the ditch system are shown in Table 1. When the system achieves the required removal effect, the retention time of water in the ditch system should be greater than 20min. According to the rainfall and catchment area of the project area, taking full account of the adsorption of fillers and plants, the length of the ditch is set as about 310m, and the sectional area is 0.44m2.
    Table 1. Hydrological parameters of the ditch system
    RainfallMinimumRunofffm3 RainfallRunoffHydraulicHydraulicintensityrainfall)durationflow rateloadretention time (mm) (h)(m3/s)m3/(m2-d)(min)Extraordinary2506876.53240.08012.1928.4rainstorm Heavy1002750.61240.0324.8770.9rainstorm Rainstorm501375.31240.0162.44141.9
    Therefore, in conclusion, a method for collecting and further reducing phosphoais by kidney-inspiration in the slope catchment area of the phosphorus-rich area includes the following steps:
    Step 1: analyzing the content of suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, and total nitrogen in the surface runoff in the phosphorus-rich area according to the hydrometeorological assay report.
    Step 2: determining the amount of fillers and plants required according to the rainfall, the concentrations of suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen in the surface runoff in step 1, arranging the fillers and the plants on the surface of the phosphorus-rich area, and determining the scale of the desilting and filtration system based on the rainfall and suspended solids content obtained in step 1.
    Further, the size of the catchment/drainage ditch is designed based on the rainfall, the runoff and hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow rate, and flow velocity in step 1.
    Further, according to the test of the adsorption performance of a single filler combination in step 2, the filler combination is selected as ceramsite, iron-ore slag, furnace slag, carbon slag. According to the comparison of different plant combinations for purifying the runoff, the plant combination is selected as vetiver, festuca arundinacea, ryegrass, bluegrass and cynodon dactylon.
    Further, in step 2, the straws of invasive species with large biomass in the phosphorus-rich area are selected as the material of the check dam.
    Further, in step 2, a plurality of spout-like landforms are selected from top to bottom according to the topography of the phosphorus-rich area. A plurality of check dams made of plant straws are constructed in a stepwise manner.
    Further, in step 2, the amount of plant check dams is appropriately modified according to the intensity of the runoff, and the volume and number of check dams are increased at locations where the runoff has a strong intensity.
    Further, in step 2, a desilting pond is constructed upstream of the phosphorus-rich area. One or more rectangular sedimentation ponds are constructed according to the local rainfall and the surface runoff flow rate, and the dimensions of length, width and height thereof make the surface hydraulic load q in the range of 0.8-3.0.
    Further, the vegetative filter strip is located midstream and downstream of the phosphorus-rich area. As shown in FIG. 1, herbs and woody plants are planted in the interval-zone of the water distribution ditch.
    Further, the drainage ditch is arranged upstream of the sedimentation pond and is connected to the sedimentation pond.
    Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present disclosure, rather than limiting them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still Modifications to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent 10 replacements of some of the technical features thereof; and these modifications or replacements do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A method for collecting and further decreasing phosphorus inspired by the kidneys on the sloping run-off area of a phosphorus-rich area, comprising the following steps:
    step 1: analyzing the contents of suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in a surface run-off in the phosphorus-rich area according to a hydrometeorological test report;
    Step 2: Determining the required amount of fillers and plants based on rainfall, concentrations of the suspended solids, total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and total nitrogen in the relevant uplift drain in Step 1, and applying the fillers and the plants on the surface of the phosphorus-rich region;
    wherein, based on an adsorption performance test of a single filler combination, a filler combination is selected; a plant combination is selected on the basis of a comparison of different plant combinations for purifying run-off water;
    step 3: determining a scale of a desanding and filter system based on the rain and the contents of suspended solids obtained in step 1;
    selecting dry stakes from invasive species with large biomass in the phosphorus rich area as material for a control dam;
    a number of spout-like landforms in the phosphorus-rich region are selected from top to bottom based on the topography of the phosphorus-rich region; a number of control dams made from dry plant stakes are constructed in steps and arranged upstream of the phosphorus-rich region;
    based on a drain intensity, the amount of plant control dams is appropriately adjusted, and the volume and amount of the control dams is increased in locations where the drain has a strong intensity;
    a vegetative filter strip is disposed downstream of the phosphorus rich area and upstream of the control dam, and the vegetative filter strip is determined according to the following relevant parameters:
    based on design requirements and location conditions, a particle size removal threshold from the vegetative filter strip is preset; a sedimentation rate ω is calculated according to the particle settling rate formula; according to a slope decrease E of the vegetative filter strip in the phosphorus rich area, a planting distance S, Manning Formula and an empirical relationship between a removal parameter X and a sediment removal rate, a length of the vegetative filter strip is calculated as follows:
    Manning's formula: Df = (qr |) 0 ( 7E 0 3 (m) where, Df: flow depth of the vegetative filter strip (m);
    q: flow rate of the discharge per unit of width (m 3 7s);
    η: Manning roughness coefficient;
    E: slope slope of the vegetative filter strip (%);
    based on the actual runoff depth of the vegetative filter strip, a flow rate in the vegetative filter strip is calculated: Vs = (l / p) * Df 2/3 E 1 ' 2 = q / Df (m / s);
    a distance parameter Rs = (S * Df) / (2Df + S) (m);
    based on the empirical formula, the parameter X is removed as: X = (Vs * Rs / V) 0.82 * (Lm * o * Df / Vs) '<)91;
    V is kinematic viscosity;
    a settling pond is located upstream of the phosphorus-rich area and the settling pond is determined according to the following parameters:
    one or more rectangular sedimentation ponds are constructed based on local rainfall and surface runoff, dimensions of length, width and height of the rectangular sedimentation ponds ensure that a hydraulic surface load q meets the requirements;
    according to the Stokes overflow formula, at a given flow rate, when an overflow rate is less than or equal to a particle settling rate, particles of this size will settle, and an area of the desanding pond determines the overflow rate at a given flow;
    the flow rate is measured on the basis of a rainfall analysis in the phosphorus-rich area; a settling efficiency of the settling pond is established by extensively considering sediment content in the drain, economic conditions and project requirements; based on the results of the analysis of the particle size in the drain, a particle size removal threshold is determined when the required settling efficiency is met; the surface of the settling pond is calculated from the overflow velocity formulas of Stokes OR = Q / As = <m and ro = gD 2 * (Ps-1) / 18V;
    the Stokes overflow velocity formula:
    OR = Q / As = <to;
    where, OR is overflow velocity (m / s);
    Q: flow rate (m 3 / s);
    Axis: the area (m 2 ) of the settling pond;
    ω: settling speed (m / s);
    ro = gD is 2 * (Ps-1) / 18V;
    where, D: is critical sand particle size (m);
    g: is gravitational acceleration (m / s 2 );
    V: viscosity coefficient;
    Ps: sediment ratio is; and step 4. determining a size of the catch / drainage ditch based on the rain in step 1, the discharge and hydraulic parameters, including hydraulic retention time, hydraulic load, flow rate and flow rate;
    the catch / drainage ditch is located upstream of the settling pond and connected to the settling pond;
    the capture / drainage ditch is designed to ensure that the retention time of water in the ditch system is longer than 20 minutes; based on the rain and the runoff area of the phosphorus rich area, taking fully into account the adsorption effect of the plants, the parameters of the settling pond are determined based on the Stokes overflow rate formula and the parameters of the vegetative filter strip are determined based on of the Manning formula, giving a length and a cross-sectional area of the run-off area / drainage ditch.
    [2]
    A method for collecting and further reducing kidney-inspired phosphorus in the sloping run-off region of a phosphorus-rich region according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 2 the filler combination comprises ceramsite, iron ore slag, furnace slag and carbon slag; and the plant combination comprises vetiver, reed fescue, ryegrass, field meadow grass and hand grass.
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    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CN201910142551.4A|CN109702003B|2019-02-26|2019-02-26|Method for collecting phosphorus and reducing phosphorus again in phosphorus-rich region slope catchment region by kidney simulation|
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