Special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk and preparation method thereof

专利摘要:
The disclosure pertains to the technical field of crop fertilizer, and specifically pertains to a special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk and preparation method thereof. The special fertilizer includes following parts by weight of starting materials: 40-50 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 10-15 parts of nano-calcium carbonate, and 5-8 parts of wheat malt flour. The disclosure achieves innocently returning peanut stalk to field by carbonizing peanut stalk. The stalk itself contains a considerable amount of nutrient elements, and can provide comprehensive nutritions for crops, enhance organic contents in soil, improve physicochemical properties and bioactivities of soil, and strengthen calcium adsorption by introducing tetrabutyl titanate. The disclosure not only improves calcium fertilizer utilization by integrating nano-calcium and carbonized stalk, but also achieves good fertilizer conservation of soil on calcium fertilizer because of good adsorptivity of biochar, achieves the goal of slowing release, meets the calcium fertilizer demand in later growth stage of peanut, and improves the yield and quality of peanut.
公开号:NL2021723A
申请号:NL2021723
申请日:2018-09-28
公开日:2019-04-15
发明作者:Li Xinguo；Yang Sha；Zhang Jialei；Guo Feng；Wan Shubo；Meng Jingjing；Geng Yun；Zhang Zheng
申请人:Biotechnology Res Ct Shandong Academy Agricultural Sciences；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

TECHNICAL FIELD [0001] The disclosure pertains to the technical field of crop fertilizer, and specifically pertains to a special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk and preparation method thereof.
BACKGROUND [0002] In recent years, crop stalks have become a new source of the non-point source pollution in rural areas, where the field incineration has caused serious air pollution. As a large agricultural country, China can generate more than 700 million tons of stalks every year. As a large peanut producing country, China had the total peanut yield of more than 16 million tons in 2016, where the yield of peanut stalk to the yield of peanut pod was about 1:1, i.e., China had the peanut stalk yield of more than 16 million tons. Since the autotoxicity of peanut stalk, directly returning stalk to field tends to cause successive cropping obstacles for peanut fields, thus resulting in stunted peanut plants and significantly reduced yield. Reasonable processing of peanut stalks will contribute to the development of the peanut planting industry.
[0003] In the seedling stage, peanut needs certain amount of calcium nutrition to improve its anti-adversity ability. In the later growth stage, peanut needs more calcium for pod growth, and insufficient soil exchangeable calcium tends to cause blighted grains, thereby seriously affecting the yield. Meeting calcium fertilizer demand of peanut by fertilizer application at a time and improving the fertilizer efficiency are problems in urgent need of solution. In terms of special calcium fertilizer of peanut, the existing special fertilizer is not targeted enough, and most calcium is applied directly into soil, which tends to cause curing or loss of calcium, and fails to better give play to the timeliness of the fertilizer.
SUMMARY [0004] In order to solve the peanut stalk pollution, and the problems of failure to achieve calcium fertilizer demands of peanut in different periods, low fertilizer efficiency, and failure to better give play to the timeliness of fertilizer by fertilizer application at a time, the disclosure provides a special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk. The fertilizer is a special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk by carbonizing peanut stalk and integrating nano-calcium, achieves better use effect, and effectively improves the yield and quality of peanut, [0005] The disclosure further provides a preparation method of a special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk.
[0006] hi order to achieve the object, the disclosure is implemented using following technical solution:
The disclosure provides a special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut stalk. The special fertilizer includes following parts by weight of starting materials: 40-50 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 10-15 parts of nano-calcium carbonate, and 5-8 parts of wheat malt flour. [0007] The disclosure further provides a preparation method of a special peanut fertilizer, including following steps:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution for 40-50 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 2-3 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, adding tetrabutyl titanate dropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
(2) adding wheat to green tea water, immersing for 3-4 hours, germinating, stop germinating until 85% or more wheat malt has a length of more than 1cm, directly grinding germinating wheat, drying, grinding again, passing through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain wheat malt flour; and (3) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension (mass ratio of nano-calcium carbonate to water is 1:10), adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour, stirring for 2-3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0008] Furthermore, the mixed solution is prepared from dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, sodium polyacrylate, and water, [0009] A mass ratio of the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate to sodium polyacrylate to water is 1:2:100.
[0010] Furthermore, an addition amount of the tetrabutyl titanate is 2-3% of the carbonized material.
[0011] The green tea water used in the disclosure is prepared using following method: adding a mixed solution of glycerin and water (volume ratio of glycerol to water is 1: 0) having a weight 10 times as much as a weight of green tea to the green tea, then heating to 50-60 °C, immersing at the temperature for 1-2 hours, and then filtering.
[0012] The fertilizer ingredients mainly include peanut stalk. After stalk carbonization, nanocalcium is adsorbed into the carbonized material. In accordance with calcium demand characteristics in the growth period of peanut, by biochar adsorption, the fertilizer realizes not only prolonged maintenance of calcium nutrition, but also continuous supply of calcium nutrition, and meets the calcium fertilizer demand in later growth stage of pod. Moreover, due to the characteristics of easy uptake of nano-calcium, the calcium fertilizer utilization is improved, and the stalk carbonization helps to eliminate the autotoxicity of peanut stalk. Furthermore, the carbonized stalk has a large specific surface area, a porous structure, and a good adsorption characteristics, includes main ingredients of not only C element, but also H, 0, N, S, and small amounts of trace elements. Therefore, the carbonized stalk can provide comprehensive nutritions for crops, enhance soil organic contents, and improve the physicochemical properties and bioactivities of soil. The stalk carbonization not only realizes innocent processing of peanut stalk and returning stalk to field, but also achieves the win-win goal of reducing carbon emissions and increasing soil fertility. The disclosure has a simple formula, is practical and reasonable, has good use effects, can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization, and greatly improves the yield and quality of peanut, thus improving the economic benefits of peanut.
[0013] The nano-calcium carbonate used in the disclosure is a commercially available product.
[0014] The disclosure has following beneficial effects:
1. The disclosure achieves innocently returning peanut stalk to field by carbonizing peanut stalk. The stalk itself contains a considerable amount of nutrient elements, and can provide comprehensive nutritions for crops, enhance organic contents in soil, improve physicochemical properties and bioactivities of soil, and strengthen calcium adsorption by introducing tetrabutyl titanate.
2. The disclosure not only improves the calcium fertilizer utilization by integrating nanocalcium and carbonized stalk, but also achieves good fertilizer conservation of soil on the calcium fertilizer because of good adsorptivity of biochar, achieves the goal of slowing release, and meets the calcium fertilizer demand in later growth stage of peanut.
3. Carbonizing the starting material of peanut stalk in production is pollution-free for the environment and crops. Integrating the nano-calcium and biochar enables returning stalk to field and releasing nutrients from calcium fertilizer to be more rational with better use effects, can significantly improve the fertilizer utilization, and increase the yield and quality of peanut.
[0015] 4. Adding an appropriate amount of wheat malt flour enhances the fertilizer efficiency, and promotes the peanut growth, whilst increasing the fertilizer stability.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS [0016] In order to better understand the disclosure, the disclosure is further described hereinafter in conjunction with specific examples.
[0017] Example 1
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 40 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 10 parts of nano-calcium, and 5 parts of wheat malt flour. The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution for 40 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 2 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, adding tetrabutyl titanate (3% mass of the carbonized material) dropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
where the mixed solution was prepared from dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, sodium polyacrylate, and water at a mass ratio of 1:2: 100;
(2) adding wheat to green tea water (addition amount of the green tea water just immersing the wheat), immersing for 4 hours, germinating, stop germinating until 85% or more wheat malt has a length of more than 1cm, directly grinding germinating wheat, drying, grinding again, passing through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain wheat malt flour; and (3) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour, stirring for 3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0018] Example 2
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 50 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 12 parts of nano-calcium, and 8 parts of wheat malt flour. The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution (ingredients identical to the ingredients in example 1) for 50 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 3 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, adding tetrabutyl titanate (2% mass of the carbonized material) dropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
where the mixed solution was prepared from dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, sodium polyacrylate, and water at a mass ratio of 1:2:100.
(2) adding wheat to green tea water (addition amount of the green tea water just immersing the wheat), immersing for 4 hours, germinating, stop germinating until 85% or more wheat malt has a length of more than lcm, directly grinding germinating wheat, drying, grinding again, passing through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain wheat malt flour; and (3) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour, stirring for 2 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0019] Example 3
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 45 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 15 parts of nano-calcium, and 7 parts of wheat malt flour. The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution (ingredients identical to the ingredients in example 1) for 50 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 3 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, adding tetrabutyl titanate (2.5% mass of the carbonized material) dropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
(2) adding wheat to green tea water (addition amount of the green tea water just immersing the wheat), immersing for 3 hours, germinating, stop germinating until 85% or more wheat malt has a length of more than lcm, directly grinding germinating wheat, drying, grinding again, passing through a 60 mesh sieve to obtain wheat malt flour; and (3) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour, stirring for 3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0020] Example 4
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 40 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, 10 parts of nano-calcium, and 5 parts of wheat malt flour. The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of more than 1000 mesh, immersing in water for 24 hours, rinsing surface attachments, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 600°C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 23 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, and drying at 70-80 °C.
[0021] (2) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized stalk in proportion, stirring for 2-3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80°C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0022] Comparison Example 1
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 40 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, and 5 parts of wheat malt flour.
The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution (ingredients identical to the ingredients in example 1) for 40 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 2 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, then adding tetrabutyl titanate (3% mass of the carbonized material) dropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
(2) adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour in an appropriate amount of water, stirring for 3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer. [0023] Comparison Example 2
A special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk: 40 parts of carbonized peanut stalk, and 10 parts of nano-calcium.
The preparation method is as follows:
(1) pulverizing peanut stalk with a stalk pulverizer to powder of less than 600 mesh, immersing in a mixed solution (ingredients identical to the ingredients in example 1) for 40 min, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 °C, heating the stalk powder, slowly heating to 300 °C, keeping carbonization for 3 hours, slowly cooling to below 150 °C, taking out a carbonized material, immersing in diluted hydrochloric acid for 2 hours, rinsing with water until neutral, then adding tetrabutyl titanate (3% mass of the carbonized material) clropwise whilst stirring, further stirring for another 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain carbonized peanut stalk;
(2) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized peanut stalk and the wheat malt flour, stirring for 3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 °C to obtain the fertilizer.
[0024] At the same time, the inventor has found after a considerable amount of experiments that when titanium dioxide powder was directly added, its effect was worse than that in comparison example 2, and the yield per mu was reduced by 5-8% compared with that in comparison example 2.
[0025] Effect Validation Experiment (I) Spring peanut experiment: adjacent spring peanut fields of the same size having equivalent soil properties, fertility, environment, and the like were selected, equally divided into 10 pieces, and numbered S1-S10. The experimental fields were seeded with one seed in one hole at a design density of 16000 holes/mu. A compound fertilizer was pre-applied in each of the experimental fields at a rate of 50kg/mu. The fertilizer prepared in examples 1-4 was used in S1-S4 respectively, the fertilizer prepared in comparison examples 1-2 was used in S5-S6 respectively, and a control group was established: only commercially available nano-calcium was applied in S7, only carbonized peanut stalk was applied in S8, a mixture of commercially available nano-calcium and wheat malt flour (10 parts of nano-calcium and 5 parts of wheat malt flour) was applied in S9, and no substance was applied in S10; the application amount was 4 kg/mu in the each experimental field. Other field management modes were identical. At harvest, the number of fruits per plant, the full fruit rate, and the yield per mu of the each experimental field were collected, and specific results are shown in Table 1.
[0026] Table 1
Number of plants permuNumber of fruits perplantFull fruit rate(%)Yield(kg/mu)SI1540015.574.2425S21520015.274.1412S31550016.174.6448S41500012.565.5295S51480011.662.8259S61430012.859.9263S71390010.156.1189S81260012.352.3194S91420011.662.9248S101050010.253.5137
(I) Summer peanut experiment: adjacent spring peanut fields of the same size having equivalent soil properties, fertility, environment, and the like were selected, equally divided into 10 pieces, and numbered X1-X10. The experimental fields were seeded with one seed in one hole at a design density of 16000 holes/mu. A compound fertilizer was pre-applied in each of the experimental fields at a rate of 50kg/mu. The fertilizer prepared in examples 1-4 was used in XI-X4 respectively, the fertilizer prepared in comparison examples 1-2 was used in X4-X6 respectively, and a control group was established: only commercially available nano-calcium was applied in X7, only carbonized peanut stalk was applied in X8, a mixture of commercially available nano-calcium and wheat malt flour (10 parts of nano-calcium and 5 parts of wheat malt flour) was applied in X9, and no substance was applied in X10; the application amount was 4 kg/mu in the each experimental field. Other field management modes were identical. At harvest, the number of fruits per plant, the full fruit rate, and the yield per mu of the each experimental field were collected, and specific results are shown in
Table 2.
[0027] Table 2
Number of plants permuNumber of fruits perplantFull fruit rate(%)Yield(kg/mu)XI1480013.663.1305X21460013.163.8292X31500013.864.5321X41310013.252.5218X51360011.851.8200X61360012.648.7207X71300011.346.4152X81300011.646.0167X91280012.547.2182X10124009.844.6130
As can be seen from the above experiments, the special nano-calcium fertilizer prepared from carbonized peanut stalk according to the disclosure not only can effectively meet the nutritional demand in each growth stage of peanut, promote better growth of peanut, increase the yield of peanut, but also reduces the application amount of fertilizer, saves costs, and effectively reduces carbon emissions.

权利要求:
Claims (5)
[1]
Conclusions
A special peanut fertilizer made from peanut rods, comprising the following parts by weight of starting materials: 40-50 parts of carbonized peanut rods, 10-15 parts of nano-calcium carbonate and 5-8 parts of wheat flour malt.
[2]
A manufacturing method for the special peanut fertilizer according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
(a) pulverizing peanut rods with a peanut gel pulverizer into powder with less than 600 mesh, submerging in a mixed solution for 40-50 minutes, rinsing with water, drying at 70-80 ° C, heating the stem powder, slowly heating to 300 ° C, continue to carbonize for 3 hours, slowly cool to below 150 ° C, remove the carbonized material, immerse in dilute hydrochloric acid for 2-3 hours, rinse with water until neutrality, add dropwise tetrabutyl titanate with stirring, further stirring for an additional 1.5 hours after completing the dropwise addition, and drying at 70-80 ° C to obtain carbonized peanut stalks;
(b) adding wheat to green tea water, immersing for 3-4 hours, germinating, stopping germinating to 85% or more wheat malt has a length of more than 1 cm, direct milling of germinated wheat, drying, grinding again, and over a 60 mesh sieve to obtain a wheat flour malt; and (c) suspending nano-calcium carbonate in water, stirring to obtain a uniform suspension, adding the carbonized peanut stalks and the wheat flour malt, stirring for 2-3 hours, fully mixing, and drying at 70-80 ° C to a to obtain fertilizer.
[3]
The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the mixed solution is made from dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, sodium polyacrylate and water.
[4]
The manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the dipotassium glycyrrhizinate to sodium polyacrylate to water is 1: 2: 100.
[5]
The manufacturing method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the added tetrabutyl titanate is 2-3% of the or carbonized material.

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CN201710941206.8A|CN107501009B|2017-10-11|2017-10-11|Special peanut fertilizer prepared from peanut straw and preparation method thereof|

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