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    • 专利摘要:
    A branch of a discounter is proposed, which is operated with electrical energy from a photovoltaic installation installed on site. For the heat supply and for the removal of waste heat, ambient air and geothermal energy located near the surface are used.
    公开号:NL2019438A
    申请号:NL2019438
    申请日:2017-08-23
    公开日:2018-03-01
    发明作者:Falliano Jürgen
    申请人:Lidl Stiftung & Co Kg；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method for the energy-efficient operation of a sales branch
    Description
    Modern branches of food discounters have an energy requirement of approximately 330,000-400,000 kWh / a.
    To protect the climate and save resources, but also for economic reasons, it is worth pursuing to reduce the reduction in fossil and electrical energy. Ideally, the energy balance of a branch over the year is balanced. That is, the energy consumed in the branch is mainly generated there and consumed as much as possible there.
    In addition, the energy requirement for heating and cooling the building (according to the German Energy Saving Regulation, EnEV) must be generated, but also the energy required for the operation of the branch. This may be, for example, the electrical energy for the lighting devices present in the branch, the cooling energy.
    The invention is based on the object of providing a method for operating a sales branch which makes it possible to purchase only little or even better fossil or electrical energy in any average year.
    This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. The subclaims are directed to advantageous further embodiments. The specific advantages of the method according to the invention are set out in detail in the figures and the description thereof.
    Drawing
    Be shown in:
    Figure 1: major energy consumers and external energy sources of a sales branch; Figure 2: different energy storage sites;
    Figure 3: the electrical network of a branch according to the invention;
    Figure 4: the hydraulics of a branch according to the invention;
    Figure 5: winter operation and direct internal energy supply;
    Figure 6: winter operation with an increase in heating capacity due to external heat supply;
    Figure 7: winter operation with an increase in heating capacity due to heat supply from the NT heat storage facility;
    Figure 8: summer operation with direct use of geothermal energy;
    Figure 9: summer operation with cooling via cooling machine / cooling unit;
    Figure 10: Summer operation with cooling of the cooling units with loading of the ice storage facility;
    Figure 11: summer operation;
    Figure 12: cooling back of the cooling units via aerothermics;
    Figure 13: back cooling of the cooling units or of the brine water cycle via the aerothermics and the buffer storage facility connected to it;
    Description of the exemplary embodiments
    A sales branch within the meaning of the defined invention comprises the following groups of energy consumers:
    Share of energy consumption (approximate values)
    Lighting 21%
    Heating (heat pump) 9%
    Generation of cold total 48%
    Baking process 6% IT technology 8%
    Other 8%
    Total 100%
    As "external energy sources and / or collectors" for feeding a sales branch with heat and electrical energy, ambient heat (outside air and geothermal energy located near the surface) and photovoltaics (PV) are available.
    Figure 1 summarizes important energy consumers (not exhaustive) as well as the energy sources and heat collectors of a branch according to the invention.
    The storage of electrical and thermal energy takes place in several "stages": 1. Short-term storage: refers to a storage period of approximately one day. With this, for example, surplus electrical energy, which is generated in the afternoon, can be stored for a short period of time and is available in the following night. 2. Medium-term storage: refers to a storage period of a few days. In this way, for example, surplus electrical energy that is generated in a weekend or a public holiday can be stored in the interim so long that it is available the following working day. 3. Long-term storage: this means seasonal storage - predominantly in the summer - and consumption in the following fall or winter.
    A battery / accumulator is used as a short-term storage location for electrical energy. The battery is mainly used to balance the strongly fluctuating power generation of the PV plant in the branch's electrical network.
    A low temperature (NT) heat storage facility is used as a short-term storage facility for thermal energy (heat or "cold"). The (NT) heat storage location is connected to the hot / cold water network of the branch.
    In addition, a high temperature (HT) heat storage location can be used. This is, for example, heated in the afternoon with excess electricity (charging process) and serves, for example, the evening or the morning of the following day for heating the baking ovens (discharging). Storage location temperatures above 200 ° C are possible.
    As the medium-term thermal energy storage facility, an ice storage facility and the geothermal energy located near the surface are used.
    The term "ice storage facility" needs to be further explained at this location in order to avoid misunderstanding. The ice storage location utilizes the phase transition of the storage medium to maximize the storage capacity. That is, when the ice storage site cools (loaded with "cold"), the previously liquid storage medium solidifies. The minimum temperature of the storage medium is in a range of -10 ° C to -5 ° C.
    The ice storage facility is mainly used with a surplus of solar energy.
    This occurs most frequently in the weekend or on public holidays. With this excess electrical energy a cooling unit is driven, which cools the ice storage facility. The stored “cold” is available for cooling purposes on the following working day and therefore reduces the need for electrical energy. The aim here is to supply as little electrical energy as possible into the public grid.
    However, the ice storage location can also serve as a buffer storage location for low temperature heat. Then the storage medium is liquid. The temperature of the storage medium in this operating mode is typically above +5 ° C. That is, the ice storage facility is used for storing heat and "cold".
    If the ice storage facility has two separate storage volumes or if two (smaller) ice storage facilities are installed, heat and cold can be stored in the "ice storage facility" at the same time or heat and cold can be removed from the ice storage facility at the same time.
    In the branch according to the invention, geothermal energy located near the surface is also used. This is understood to mean geothermal heat exchangers, for example energy piles or surface collectors, which are coupled to the brine-water circuit via a cold-near-heat module. Geothermal energy supplies geothermal heat (heat source) and can absorb waste heat from the branch (heat collector). Because the earth has a very much lower temperature than the outside air on a hot summer day, it is then particularly efficient to transfer the waste heat from the cooling units to the earth and not to the outside air.
    A special feature of the near-surface geothermal in the sense of the defined invention is that it can only release or absorb a limited amount of heat. When the geography surrounding the geothermal heat exchangers has cooled to a certain value due to the heat extraction, it can only serve as a heat source again if the geography is actively supplied by (supply of) waste heat from the branch, heat from the ambient air or further away. adjacent areas of the earth were regenerated.
    The same applies if the soil is used as a cold storage location, because a cold heat carrier (such as, for example, brine) is pumped through the earth heat exchangers.
    However, it is also possible to use the geothermal energy located near the surface in times of high outside air temperatures (i.e., around noon on a hot summer day) as a heat collector for the waste heat from the waste heat occurring in the branch. Then the waste heat from the cooling units is transferred to the brine water cycle and this warm brine water is conducted through the geothermal exchangers. As a result, they can transfer heat to the surrounding earth at a relatively low temperature level (around 8 ° C to 13 ° C) and they do not have to transfer the waste heat to the ambient air at a very much higher temperature level (around 40 ° C to above 50 ° C) to deliver. As a result, the performance coefficient (COP) of the cooling units improves significantly, so that less electrical energy is required to drive the cooling units.
    In other words: the geothermal energy located near the surface is also used in a branch according to the invention as a short-term and medium-term storage location and as a temporary heat collector.
    Aerothermics: supplies heat (heat source) from the ambient air and absorbs excess heat from the brine cycle (heat collector). The aerothermics comprises an air / brine-water heat exchanger, which is coupled to the brine-water circuit via the cold-near-heat module. The aerothermics can also be utilized to regenerate the geothermal energy by transferring heat from the relatively warm outside air via the air / brine water heat exchanger to the brine water circuit and the thus heated brine water through the energy piles or surface collectors of the geothermal energy. The brine water thereby releases heat to the surrounding earth (= geothermal) and regenerates in this way.
    The public electricity grid serves as a long-term storage facility or seasonal storage facility for electrical energy: in the summer, when the PV plant generates more electrical energy than is needed in the branch and can be stored there, this surplus of electrical energy is supplied to the public network.
    In the winter, when the PV plant generates less electrical energy than is needed in the branch, the missing electrical energy is taken from the public grid to feed the branch.
    The method according to the invention controls the energy flows of the different generators, consumers and storage locations, so that the currently generated electrical and / or occurring thermal energy is used directly as possible without intermediate storage, and the waste heat occurring as much as possible and if possible without intermediate storage. is used again (waste heat utilization).
    When these options are exhausted, electrical and / or thermal energy can be stored and used later.
    The geothermal energy and the aerothermal energy near the surface complement each other. To this end, the method protected in patent DE 10 2009 047 908 B4 (claims 12-18) and the devices according to claims 1-11 are used. The disclosure content of this patent becomes part of this patent application by reference. The EWT geothermal heat exchanger of the DE 10 2009 047 908 B4 patent corresponds to the geothermal energy (located near the surface) of the current patent application. The air heat exchanger LWT of the patent DE 10 2009 047 908 B4 corresponds to the aerothermics of the current patent application. The ice storage location of the current patent application corresponds to the external energy supply FES of the patent DE 10 2009 047 908 B4.
    Figure 3 shows the electrical network of a branch according to the invention in a highly simplified way.
    The switching stages or switches K1 - K5 symbolize the various possibilities for consuming or storing the electrical energy generated by the PV plant (capacity typically 400 kWpeak) internally or externally in the manner of a cascade. It is not imperative that the electrical energy be used in the order shown.
    The electrical energy generated by the PV plant preferably feeds the internal electrical network of the branch (micro-grid) with the consumers K1.1 - K1.4 shown by way of example. This happens because the switch K1 is closed.
    When the electrical power of the PV plant is greater than the consumption of the internal electrical network of the branch, the switch K2 is closed and the battery plant is charged. The battery installation is also used to stabilize the voltage of the internal electrical network of the branch (micro-grid).
    When the electrical power of the PV plant is greater than the consumption of the internal electrical network of the branch and the charging current of the battery plant, the cold generation for the ice storage facility is released (K3 is closed). This means that the "surplus" or occurring electrical energy is converted into thermal energy and is stored in the ice storage facility (medium-term storage facility). In order to avoid a time control of this cold generation, the cold generation is also carried out with electrical energy from the battery installation. It has proved useful to discharge the battery installation from, for example, 100% to, for example, 80% of the storage capacity. In other words: 20% of the storage capacity is available for making the cold generation even.
    When the electrical power of the PV plant is greater than the consumption of the internal electrical network of the branch, the charging current of the battery plant and the cold generation, the switch K4 is closed and a heat storage location, preferably a high temperature heat storage, which is filled with thermal oil, is heated. The high temperature heat storage facility has a temperature level of 200 ° C or more, so that it can feed the baking ovens of the branch with heat, especially in the morning hours. Of course, this energy can also be provided by increasing the battery installation and using part of the stored electrical energy to heat the baking ovens.
    When all these possibilities of internal utilization or storage of the electrical energy generated by the PV installation have been exhausted, excess electrical energy that is generated is supplied to the public grid. The switch K5 is closed in the schematic representation of Figure 3.
    To cover the branch's need for thermal energy (for cooling and heating purposes), several heat transfer cycles are present at different temperature levels.
    In one heat carrier circuit brine water, a mixture of water and glycol or another, preferably non-water-polluting antifreeze agent, is used as the heat carrier; this heat carrier circuit is therefore also referred to as brine water circuit. The brine water cycle has the task of absorbing the waste heat occurring at the various cooling units from the cooling units installed there and either supplying it for further use (waste heat utilization, loading the geothermal energy located near the surface) or discharging it into the ambient air. to feed. It can also serve to link ambient heat (from geothermal or aerothermal) into the system.
    Water can be used as a heat carrier in a further heat carrier circuit; it is therefore also referred to as a hot / cold water cycle. As the name already indicates, it has various tasks, which are further explained below.
    The temperature of the brine water cycle is controlled in the prior art depending on the outside temperature. The guideline value may be that the temperature of the brine water cycle, after it has absorbed the waste heat from all cooling units, is approximately 5 K above the current outside temperature. This leads to the connected cooling units having to overcome very high temperature differences at high outside temperatures, which is undesirable, because the performance coefficient (COP) is then very small.
    In principle, in order to minimize the electrical energy demand of the cooling units, the aim is to keep the temperature of the brine water cycle as low as possible.
    That is, on an extremely hot summer day with an outside temperature of 38 ° C, the brine water cycle at a conventional branch according to the prior art has a temperature of approximately 47 ° C in the warmest place. These extremely high temperatures of the heat carrier cause the performance coefficient (COP) of the cooling units to become very small and therefore a great deal of electrical energy is used for cooling purposes.
    On a winter's day with an outside temperature of 0 ° C, the brine water cycle has a temperature of 5 ° C at the warmest place.
    An aspect of the method according to the invention provides that the heat dissipation of the brine water cycle is not only carried out via the outside air, but that additional heat dissipation possibilities are temporarily provided that make it possible to control the temperature of the brine water cycle. lower than the method of operation according to the state of the art and thereby reduce the need for electrical energy for the cooling unit strength. One of these additional options is the temporary use of geothermal energy for heat dissipation.
    A further additional possibility is the utilization of the ice storage facility for the interim storage of waste heat. In times of low outside air temperatures (for example at night), the ice storage facility is discharged again, so that on the following day, when the outside temperatures are high again, it is available again as an intermediate storage facility for waste heat.
    At times of lower outside temperatures (for example during the night hours) the waste heat stored in the ice storage facility can be released to the ambient air by free cooling. That too is part of the aerothermics according to the invention.
    The cooling units of the cooling cells are connected to the brine water cycle. Goods are stored in the cold stores deep-cooled at temperatures of around -24 ° C. The customer does not have access to the cold stores.
    Furthermore, the cooling units of the cooling shelves are connected to the brine water cycle. In the refrigerated shelves, primarily dairy products and sausage products are presented accessible to customers at temperatures of around 4 ° C.
    Finally, the following heat or cold consumers are also connected to the brine water cycle:
    The circulation air cooling devices of IT room cooling,
    The concrete core activation (BKA) for heating and cooling,
    The ventilation installation of the branches (heating and cooling).
    These consumers can, for example, be cooled directly via the brine cycle, at outside temperatures of less than 15 ° C or when aerothermal, geothermal or energy from the NT buffer storage facility is available.
    These consumers can, for example, be heated directly via the brine cycle if the waste heat from the cooling units is coupled into the brine cycle.
    These consumers can also be connected to the heat / cold water cycle and can be supplied with thermal energy (heat and cold) via this network.
    In particular the following may be connected to the heat / cold water meter (not exhaustive): an NT buffer storage location, IT room cooling (for cooling purposes), concrete core activation for heating and cooling purposes as well as the ventilation installation (in the sales areas of the branch) for heating and cooling purposes.
    This list is not exhaustive. Rather, further cooling or heating surfaces can be connected to the brine water circuit and / or the hot water / cold water circuit.
    The most important heat or cold consumers in a branch are briefly described below:
    Ceiling cooling: requires heat or cold at a low temperature level (approximately 16 ° C, depending on the dew point) IT room cooling: is connected to the hot / cold water network, which traps the waste heat occurring in the IT room via an air / water heat exchanger.
    Antifreeze protection of the cold store: requires heat at a low temperature level (> 15 ° C).
    Concrete core activation (BKA): when the BKA is used for heating purposes, the hot / cold water network must have a flow temperature of <25 ° C.
    When the BKA is used for cooling purposes, the hot / cold water network must have a flow temperature of approximately 16 ° C.
    Front heating of the cooling shelves: requires heat at a low temperature level (around 25 ° C).
    When a heat consumer or a cold consumer needs to be fed with heat or cold from the brine water cycle and alternatively from the heat / cold water network, there are two possibilities of realization, which are described below based on the example of ventilation and the concrete core activation.
    Variant 1: two heat exchangers are installed in the ventilation device. The one heat exchanger is connected to the brine water circuit; the other heat exchanger is connected to the hot / cold water network.
    Depending on the need and availability, brine water or water is transported through the associated heat exchanger, so that the desired heating or cooling effect is set. This variant is very effective, but also requires two heat exchangers on site.
    Variant 2: the concrete core activation has only one heat exchanger, which is connected to the brine water cycle, for example.
    In order to be able to utilize heat or cold from the hot / cold water network for concrete core activation, a (intermediate) heat exchanger is installed at a suitable location between the brine cycle and the hot / cold water network. In this case, if necessary, heat or cold is then transferred from the hot / cold water network into the brine water circuit by means of the said heat exchanger, which is transported to the concrete core activation via the brine water cycle.
    The second variant is very cheap and flexible to use. Due to the temperature difference in the intermediate heat exchanger, it is not quite as energetically effective. Figure 4 shows the variant 2 with an intermediate heat exchanger.
    In the prior art, the heat energy generated from the cooling units is always released into the atmosphere. Therefore, an electrical power to be applied arises on the cooling units that results from the temperature increase from the cooling unit to the outside temperature. In the extreme case with an outside temperature of 43 ° C (in the afternoon on a very hot summer day) a brine water temperature of up to 52 ° C is reached. Here again about 3K of the coolant is added to the cooling medium with brine. In this case, a temperature increase of approximately 0 ° C to 55 ° C would occur and an average COP coefficient of 3 of 3.
    In the method according to the invention for operating a branch, in the afternoon, when the outside air temperature is very high, the waste heat from the cooling units is discharged via geothermal energy to the earth at a temperature of approximately 8 ° C and / or respectively in the NT buffer storage location stored in the meantime. Then the temperature increase is reduced to around 35K, which results in an improvement of the COP to 4.4. As a result, the cooling unit's need for electrical energy is reduced by around 3 / 4.4, which corresponds to a saving of around 30%.
    In this way, especially in the afternoon hours of a hot summer day, the cooling units require a lot less electrical energy to power the compressors.
    In addition - as already mentioned - the ice storage facility is connected to the brine cycle. In times of a high power of the PV plant and a low cold requirement, one or more cooling units can cool the storage material located in the ice depot (loaded from the ice depot).
    In times of a low capacity of the PV plant and a high demand for cooling capacity, the heat carrier circulating in the brine water circuit can flow through the ice storage location and cools down (discharging the ice storage location). As a result, the temperature difference that the cooling units must overcome is reduced, and the need for electrical power of the cooling units connected to the brine water cycle is greatly reduced.
    A further optional heat carrier circuit, preferably with the thermal oil heat carrier, connects the baking oven or the baking ovens of the branch to the optional high temperature (HT) heat storage location. The baking ovens can be heated electrically or with thermal oil.
    In times of high power of the PV plant, the HT heat storage site can be charged by a simple electrical resistance heater. In times of low power of the PV plant and a high energy requirement of the baking oven (for example early in the morning) the HT heat storage can be discharged using the thermal oil and the baking oven can be heated.
    A branch according to the invention comprises the following energy consumers (not exhausted):
    Baking machine / oven: is heated with electrical or thermal energy. To store surplus electrical energy in the meantime, an optional high-temperature (HT) heat storage facility is provided. It is charged with an electric heating element when excess electrical energy is present. It is used for heating the baking ovens. It is not shown in the figures, because it is operated independently of the other storage sites and heat carrier circuits.
    Cooling units: the cooling units assigned to the cooling units consume electrical energy and release waste heat to the brine water circuit. The lower the brine water cycle temperature, the less electrical energy the cooling units require. That is why, in principle, the aim is to keep the temperature of the brine water cycle low when it is to take waste heat from the cooling units. There are, however, operating conditions in the branch according to the invention, in which the temperature of the brine water cycle is increased, in order to use the brine water directly as a heat source for various heating tasks.
    For example, the concrete core activation, the antifreeze protection of the cold store, the ventilation of the branch and the front heating of the cooling devices can be fed directly via the brine water circuit.
    Heat pump: in addition, there is a cooling unit that is referred to below as a reversible heat pump. The reversible heat pump is on the one hand connected to the brine cycle. On the other hand, it is connected to the hot / cold water network (including a flow and a return).
    This hot / cold water network can be supplied with heat by the heat pump. The brine water cycle is then the heat source and the cold water network has an operating temperature that is higher than the operating temperature of the brine water cycle.
    However, the reversible heat pump can also pump heat from the water network into the brine water circuit. Then the water network is the heat source and has an operating temperature that is lower than the operating temperature of the brine water cycle. That is why this water network is also referred to as hot / cold water meter.
    The operating mode and mode of operation of the heat pump strongly depends on the outside temperatures. Cooling is carried out at high outside temperatures; that is, the heat pump extracts heat from the hot / cold water network and "pumps" it into the brine cycle.
    Heating is carried out at low outside temperatures; that is, the heat pump extracts heat from the brine water cycle and "pumps" it into the hot / cold water network.
    Figure 4 shows the hydraulics of a branch according to the invention in a highly simplified way.
    The hydraulic system comprises, as already explained, two main cycles, the brine water cycle (also referred to as a recooling cycle) and the cold water temperature measurement on the consumer side. These circles are also distinguished by the heat carriers used (water and frost-resistant medium, for example glycol or brine) and the bed temperature.
    To bring the useful energy to a higher or lower temperature level according to the need, a reversible heat pump is used between the two cycles. In the heating case, this can raise the temperature level from the cooling units to the desired level. For example, the heat pump raises the temperature in the hot-cold water network up to 40 ° C. As a result, heat is withdrawn from the brine water cycle, the temperature of which drops, and it can be used for cooling.
    As already mentioned, the brine water cycle and the hot / cold water network can be energetically linked to each other via an intermediate heat exchanger.
    In the cooling case, the cooling units give off their waste heat to the brine water cycle, which has a temperature of, for example, 14 ° C. In a conventional circuit, the cooling units release their waste heat into the outside air. In the worst-case scenario, the cooling units of the cold stores should overcome a temperature increase from approximately -24 ° C to 47 ° C (at 38 ° C outside air temperature). In addition, the consumption of electrical energy is very high.
    Due to the intermediate circuit of the brine water circuit according to the invention, the cooling units of the cooling cells only have to overcome a temperature increase from approximately -24 ° C to 14 ° C. As a result - provided there is the same cooling capacity - the consumption of electrical energy is greatly reduced.
    The brine water circuit supplies this waste heat to the geothermal energy, depending on availability, or stores it in the ice storage facility, which is regenerated a little later at times of low outside air temperatures via heat exchange with the aerothermal energy.
    A further option is the direct use of the brine water cycle for cooling individual consumers. Here, in particular, during the transition time or for installation parts that must be cooled throughout the year, the recooling circuit can be used directly. An example of this is IT space cooling.
    In the case of direct use of the recooling circuit, the heat energy to be discharged is used for the regeneration of the geothermal energy or is supplied to the ambient air via the aerothermal energy. The temperature of the brine water circuit, which is increased by the absorption of waste heat, can be applied in a useful place in another way, by lowering the temperature increase at the reversible heat pump, which contributes to an improvement in the utilization rate.
    A further possibility consists of specifically increasing the temperature of the brine water cycle in order to be able to use the heat carrier of the brine water cycle directly, for example for concrete core activation.
    The combination of the coupling between heat and cold collectors is possible in all variations.
    For typical situations, the most important circuits and constellations are shown and explained below for typical situations.
    Operating mode 1: winter operation with direct internal energy supply
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is relatively low, for example -5 ° C.
    The waste heat from the cooling units of the cooling units is sufficient to cover the heat requirement of the building.
    The geothermal energy is charged / saturated; that is, no further surplus waste heat can be stored there in the meantime.
    The ice storage facility is loaded; that is, no further excess electrical energy can be converted to "cold" and waste heat can be stored there in the meantime.
    Figure 5 shows the operating mode "winter operation with direct internal energy supply" schematically.
    The energy that is available for the heat demand of the branch available for the coverage only comes from the electrical absorption capacity of the cooling units and other electrical consumers (Q heat = Qelekt. Absorption capacity + Q room)
    In this operating mode, the temperature level of the brine water circuit is increased so far (for example, to 25 ° C) that the waste heat coupled by the cooling units of the cooling units directly into the low temperature heating surfaces (concrete core activation, front heating) and without an intermediate heat pump (WP) , ventilation) can be used immediately.
    Care must be taken that the increase in the temperature of the brine water circuit has effects on the electrical energy consumption of all cooling units. The power requirement of all cooling units is increasing. However, if the waste heat "generated" by the cooling units can be used directly in the low-temperature heating surfaces or can be stored in the geothermal energy in the meantime, the increase in the temperature of the brine water circuit is more economical and climate-saving than a series connection by the cooling units and the heat pump.
    The waste heat from the baking oven or baking ovens is released directly to the room air and contributes to space heating.
    Operating mode 2: winter operation with an increase in heating capacity due to external heat supply
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is relatively low, for example -12 ° C.
    Heat can be removed from geothermal energy. The waste heat from the cooling units is not sufficient to cover the space heat requirement of the branch.
    The ice storage facility is loaded; that is, no further excess electrical energy can be converted to "cold" and stored there in the meantime.
    Figure 6 shows the operating mode "winter operation with an increase in heating capacity through external heat supply" schematically.
    In this operating mode, the cooling unit of the climate system is operated as a heat pump. To this end, the brine water cycle is first preheated by means of geothermal energy and then the waste heat from the cooling units is coupled into the brine water cycle.
    The brine water heated in this way serves as a heat source for the cooling unit of the climate system in the "heat pump" operating mode. The low-temperature heating surfaces (concrete core activation, front heating, ventilation) are supplied with the useful heat from the cooling unit of the climate system.
    In this operating mode, the heat demand of the branch is mainly covered by the waste heat of the electrical consumers and by the energy of the geothermal energy (located near the surface). The heat pump increases this heat energy to a suitable (low temperature) level.
    Q heat = Q elekt. uptake capacity + Q withdrawal power up + Q space
    With this operating mode, the required electrical power is smaller with the same heat demand Q heat from the branch than in the "winter operation with direct internal energy supply" operating mode. In addition, energy is taken from the limited available geothermal energy. The geothermal energy will subsequently be regenerated with the aid of the cold-near-heat module or waste heat occurring then.
    Operating mode 3: winter operation with an increase in heating capacity due to heat supply from the NT heat storage facility
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is relatively low, for example -12 ° C.
    The waste heat from the cooling units is not sufficient to cover the space heat requirement of the branch.
    The ice storage facility is loaded; that is, no further excess electrical energy can be converted to "cold" and stored there in the meantime.
    Figure 7 shows the operating mode "winter operation with an increase in heating capacity through heat supply from the NT heat storage facility" schematically.
    When the temperatures of the geothermal and the outside temperatures are low (for example <5 ° C), the NT heat storage can also be used as a temporary energy storage, for example at night.
    If the outside temperature rises during the day (for example outside temperature> + 4 ° C), the NT heat storage location can be regenerated or charged via the cold-near-heat module. This regeneration is indicated by a dotted line from the aerothermal to the NT heat storage facility.
    Furthermore, this operating mode has great similarities with the winter operation operating mode with an increase in heating capacity due to external heat supply.
    Operating mode 4: summer operation with direct use of geothermal energy
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is greater than 26 ° C.
    The geothermal is not fully charged;
    The ice storage facility is empty.
    This operating mode is shown in Figure 8.
    When the temperature of the geothermal energy is lower than the temperature of the brine water cycle, the brine water cycle is immediately cooled by the geothermal energy. This means that the cooling of the ceiling cooling, the ventilation and / or of the IT room takes place directly with the brine water cooled in the geothermal energy.
    The cooling units of the cold store and the cooling shelves are active. The resulting waste heat is produced at clearly higher temperatures than the temperature of the brine water circuit and is used for heating the antifreeze protection of the cold store.
    Any residual heat from the cooling units that is still present can be delivered directly to the earth (geothermal energy).
    This operating mode is very efficient because despite the high outside temperatures it removes a large part of the cooling capacity directly from the earth and only a few cooling units are needed.
    Operating mode 5: summer operation with cooling via cooling machine
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is greater than 35 ° C.
    The geothermal is not fully charged;
    The ice storage facility cannot be further discharged.
    This operating mode is shown in Figure 9.
    When the cooling capacity of the geothermal energy is not sufficient to cover the very large cooling capacity requirement, the cold generation is switched between them.
    This means that the ventilation, the cooling via the concrete core activation, the ceiling cooling and the cooling of the IT room are carried out by one or more cooling units.
    The waste heat from this cooling unit is partly used for the front heating of the cooling shelves and the antifreeze protection of the cold store. The rest of the waste heat is stored in the geothermal energy in the meantime. As a result, the cooling units do not have to "work" against the extremely high outside temperature. As a result, therefore, considerably less power is required for driving the cooling units.
    Due to the limited capacity of the geothermal energy, the branch can only be operated in this operating mode over a limited period of time (for example 2 to 5 hours).
    As soon as the outside temperature (for example at night) has clearly fallen below the temperature of the geothermal energy, the geothermal energy must be regenerated as quickly as possible via the aerothermal energy, that is to say cooled, so that the geothermal energy is restored in the afternoon of the following hot day. available.
    Similarly, the NT heat storage facility or the ice storage facility can also be used for a short period of time for the interim storage of the waste heat from the cooling units.
    Operating mode 6: cooling back of the cooling units with loading of the ice storage facility
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is relatively high, for example 35 ° C.
    The geothermal is not fully charged;
    The ice storage facility is empty.
    This operating mode is shown in Figure 10.
    Surplus electrical energy generated by the PV system is available.
    At least part of this excess electrical energy is used to cool the ice storage facility (= loaded). The most important energy flows of this operating mode are shown in Figure 10.
    Operating mode 7: summer operation with discharge from the ice storage facility
    Conditions:
    The outside temperature is greater than 15 ° C.
    The geothermal is not fully charged;
    The ice storage facility is loaded (with "cold").
    Less or no electrical energy generated by the PV system is available.
    The most important energy flows of this operating mode are shown in Figure 11.
    The operating mode is often executed during the night. It can be connected to the utilization of the aerothermal energy (for cooling the geothermal energy).
    Very little drive energy is needed for the cooling units in this operating mode. For all operating modes described above by way of example, it is common that they greatly reduce the energy requirement for heating and cooling the branch and its consumers in comparison with conventional branches.
    Conventional branches have a need for electrical energy, which they purchase from the public grid, of around 400,000 kWh / a. The branch according to the invention supplies approximately as much energy to the public network in an average year as it takes from the public network. The majority of the energy used in the branch according to the invention is directly obtained on site (photovoltaics, geothermal and aerothermal). That is, the branch is almost autonomous in the energy field!
    For example, the COP (= Coefficient of Performance = performance coefficient) of a cooling machine when the cooling water temperature is lowered by 10K is improved by approximately 25%, which has a direct effect on the energy requirement.
    The connection of the regeneration of geothermal energy and buffer storage is shown in more detail below. The knowledge of the DE 10 2009 047 908 B4 patent is thereby presupposed and the aspects beyond that are explained.
    Example 1: Figure 12 shows the situation in which the cooling of the cooling units takes place via aerothermics. At the same time, the geothermal and buffer storage sites are also regenerated via the aerothermal. That is, the geothermal energy and the buffer storage location are connected in parallel.
    Example 2: the cooling of the cooling units or of the brine water cycle, respectively, takes place via the aerothermics and the subsequent buffer storage location or and / or the geothermal energy connected behind. This is shown in Figure 13.
    The advantage of this circuit variant is a large temperature spread between flow and return. This is purchased with the disadvantage that the temperature of the brine water cycle is relatively high. That is why the cooling-back temperature of the cooling units is relatively high.
    Example 3: Figure 14 shows the cooling back of the cooling units via aerothermal with parallel operation of the geothermal and / or buffer storage location.
    The advantage for the utilization of the buffer storage site or geothermal energy (here as an energy collector) is the small delta between the desired temperature and the energy collector. The energy collectors can be regenerated either at AT <= 10 K at night or when the weather conditions change.
    Since the roller blinds of the wall cooling shelves ("Mopros") are closed during nighttime operation, the heat emission is lower, this effect is furthermore supported by lower outside temperatures. As a result, the recooler capacity increases, which is sufficient for a reserve capacity for the regeneration of the geothermal energy or buffer storage location.
    Internal cooling loads
    The internal cooling loads are mainly removed via a cooling ceiling. Further cooling takes place through the installed wall cooling shelves and the activated concrete core. The ventilation installation can be used to equalize the peaks.
    The cooling via the concrete core, the cooling ceiling and air cooling register in the ventilation device takes place via the high temperature cooling circuits with VL = approximately 16 ° C and RL = approximately 18 ° C. In addition, in certain weather conditions, geothermal or aerothermal can be used directly without external energy (except pumps).
    The efficiency is increased by approximately 27% plus the direct operating hours due to an increase in the coolant flow temperature from 8 ° C to 16 °.
    The discharge of the heating load
    Takes place through direct utilization of the cooling units with sufficient energy consumption or by a highly efficient heat pump that can utilize the geothermal energy and the ice storage facility with waste heat from the cooling units.
    Furthermore, the storage mass of the concrete core activation is used in the event of an excess of energy.
    All heating surfaces are operated in the low temperature segment.
    The regulation of the energy source used takes place automatically and continuously.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Method for operating a branch of a discounter, comprising a photovoltaic installation, a battery storage location, an NT heat storage location, a plurality of cooling units equipped with a cooling unit, a plurality of heat and / or cold consumers, a brine water cycle and a cold water network in which the heat and / or cold consumers are supplied with heat or cold via the hot / cold water network, characterized in that the branch comprises a heat pump which is thermally connected to the brine water circuit and the hot / cold water circuit. cold water network is connected, which selectively serves the brine water cycle or the hot / cold water network as a heat source for the heat pump (reversible heat pump).
    [2]
    Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the brine water circuit and the hot / cold water network are additionally coupled to each other via an intermediate heat exchanger, so that heat (or cold) can be transferred between the circuits.
    [3]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the branch comprises an ice storage facility, that the ice storage facility is connected to the brine water circuit, that an electrically driven cooling unit is provided for cooling the ice storage facility, and that the waste heat of the cooling unit is discharged through the brine cycle.
    [4]
    Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the ice storage site is also used as a buffer storage site for low temperature heat, in that the heat carrier of the brine water cycle is transported through the ice storage site.
    [5]
    Method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the aggregate condition of the storage medium changes when it is cooled by the cooling aggregate or is heated by the heat carrier of the brine water circuit.
    [6]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on a winter day (Tamb <-12 ° C) the operating temperature of the brine water circuit is increased so that several heat consumers of the branch through the brine water circuit with thermal energy are fed (operating case: winter operation with direct internal energy supply).
    [7]
    Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on a winter day (Tamb <-12 ° C) the brine water cycle absorbs heat from the geothermal heat in addition to the waste heat from the cooling units of the cooling units, and heat pump utilizes the brine cycle as a heat source and increases the operating temperature of the hot / cold water set so that several heat consumers of the branch are supplied with thermal energy through the hot / cold water set (operating case: winter operation with increased heating power due to external heat supply off geothermal)
    [8]
    Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on a winter's day (Tamb <-12 ° C) the brine water cycle absorbs heat from the NT heat storage facility in addition to the waste heat from the cooling units of the cooling units, and that the heat pump uses the brine cycle as a heat source and increases the operating temperature of the hot / cold water set to such an extent that multiple heat consumers of the branch are supplied with thermal energy by the hot / cold water set (operating case: winter operation with increased heating capacity due to heat supply from the NT heat storage facility).
    [9]
    Method according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on a summer day (Tamb> 26 ° C) the brine water cycle debris heat from the cooling units of the climate system and the cooling units, the IT room cooling, absorbs the ceiling cooling and / or the ventilation, and that the brine cycle recycles this waste heat to the geothermal energy (operational case: summer operation with direct use of the geothermal energy).
    [10]
    Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that on a hot summer day (Tamb> 35 ° C) the waste heat from the IT room cooling, the ceiling cooling, the concrete core activation by the hot / cold water network is recorded that the heat pump transfers this waste heat to the brine water cycle, that the waste heat from the cooling units of the climate system and the cooling units is also transferred to the brine water cycle, and that this waste heat is dissipated to the geothermal energy (operating case: summer operation with cooling via heat pump and cooling units and utilization of geothermal energy).
    [11]
    Method according to claim 10, characterized in that a part of the waste heat from the cooling units is used by the climate system and the cooling units for the heat supply of the front heating of the cooling shelves and / or for heating the anti-freeze protection.
    [12]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic installation is preferably used for supplying the general electrical network of the branch, for charging a battery storage facility, for driving the cooling units and / or a reversible heat pump, for loading an ice storage facility, for loading a high-temperature heat storage facility.
    [13]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the branch comprises at least one baking oven and a high temperature (HT) heat storage location, that the HT heat storage location is loaded with an electric heating, and that HT heat storage stored thermal energy is utilized for heating the at least one baking oven.
    [14]
    A branch of a discounter comprising a photovoltaic installation, a battery storage location, an NT heat storage location, several cooling units equipped with a cooling unit, several heat and / or cold consumers, a pickle water cycle and a hot / cold water network and a reversible heat pump installed between the brine cycle and the hot / cold water network.
    [15]
    A branch according to claim 14, characterized in that the brine water circuit and the hot / cold water network are additionally coupled to each other via an intermediate heat exchanger.
    [16]
    A branch according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the branch comprises an ice storage facility, the ice storage facility is connected to the brine water circuit, which is provided with an electrically driven cooling unit for cooling the ice storage facility, and that the waste heat from the cooling unit is discharged through the brine cycle.
    [17]
    A branch according to any one of claims 14-16, characterized in that the branch comprises at least one baking oven and a high temperature (HT) heat storage location, that the HT heat storage location is loaded with an electric heating, and that the Thermal energy stored in the HT heat storage location is used to heat the at least one baking oven.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2019438B1|2018-08-01|
    DE102016115649A1|2018-03-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE102006035764A1|2006-08-01|2008-02-14|Palme, Klaus, Dipl.-Ing.|Three-stage process to generate electricity from ambient power sources e.g. geothermal and solar energy|
    DE102009047908B4|2009-09-23|2016-07-28|Jürgen Falliano|Apparatus and method for supplying a cold district heating network with heat|
    DE102012010267A1|2012-05-25|2013-11-28|André Trapp|System for supplying power to building, has heat pump device connected with electrical energy storage, and fluid conduit arrangement connected with heat pump device and partly underneath photovoltaic cell area of photovoltaic module|
    DE102012104996A1|2012-06-11|2013-12-12|Munich Modul GmbH|Energy concept system used for supplying power to e.g. refrigerator in building, has heat pump which distributes thermal energy to photovoltaic module through solar thermal collector|
    WO2014019755A1|2012-08-01|2014-02-06|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft|Power station system and method for operating such a power station system|
    法律状态:
    2021-04-07| MM| Lapsed because of non-payment of the annual fee|Effective date: 20200901 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102016115649.3A|DE102016115649A1|2016-08-23|2016-08-23|Method for energy-efficient operation of a sales outlet|
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