• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a measuring train with an optical system with means for making detailed video images of an area of the superstructure of a railway that is located directly below the measuring train. Five flash lamps and two area cameras hang above a rail. There are outer flashlights, inner flashlights, a central flashlight, an outer camera, an inner camera. A flash lamp is centered vertically above the associated rail.
    公开号:NL2016668A
    申请号:NL2016668
    申请日:2016-04-25
    公开日:2016-10-24
    发明作者:Jagtenberg Hans
    申请人:Volkerrail Nederland Bv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Video detail image of the track geometry.
    The quality of the track geometry of the superstructure of the, for example Dutch, rail network for transport of people and / or goods is measured periodically. The associated information is obtained from measurement data, which is produced using measurement trains and switch inspection vehicles for the automated measurement of the track geometry of the superstructure of the railway track. Due to ongoing technical developments, the popular remote viewing, whereby the viewing person (the so-called analyst) at the office from a screen, disconnected in time, does the inspection, is constantly further improved and expanded.
    The data obtained with the measurement train and change-over inspection vehicle must enable the railway manager to find the following defects and rail interruptions via remote inspection: 1. Missing fasteners with type determination; 2. location of an electric separation weld; 3. crumbles; 4. cracks; 5. impressions (such as bullet holes); 6. slip / burn marks.
    The measurement train must be able to obtain the correct measurement data independently of different weather conditions. These weather conditions are: outside temperatures between -20 and +40 ° C; rain up to an intensity of 27 mm / hour; fog or snowfall with a visibility of at least 100 m; as long as the railroad is not in a thick layer of snow; both by night and by day, free from the influence of light from the environment (so a shot made at night or on a sunny day or overcast day gives the same results).
    Use is also made of video image recordings made with a camera that can be presented on a screen as a photograph or film of the railway or part thereof, so that the screen is given the analyst as closely as possible to reality. This places demands on the image quality offered by the screen, both during playback and film, and when viewing individual still images.
    The video image recording must be able to be displayed on the screen in such a way that a good visual inspection is possible. The images must be sharp. When an image recording is made from the recordings of two or more cameras, the images from these cameras must be aligned so that the same location is displayed. The video image recording must be good at any driving speed up to approximately 100 km / h for the free lane and up to approximately 50 km / h on a switch and must be suitable for automated image recognition (visual edging technology), such as component recognition, damage recognition, degradation recognition.
    A complicating factor is the measurement train that makes swinging, pounding and rolling movements while driving because the bicycles are suspended in a suspension manner. Mounting the measuring system on the non-sprung part of the measuring train, such as the wheel axles, excludes these movements, but it is not always possible or desirable, for example because vibration problems are introduced. When mounting the measuring system on the sprung part of the measuring train, such as the floor of the vehicle, allowance must be made, for example, for the wheel suspension to spring in and out, so that, for example, the distance and viewing angle between the measuring system (such as cameras and lamps) and the photographing track and roadbed varies continuously.
    For the detail image, the following requirements must also be met: color images of the inside of each rail, taken at an angle of +/- 30 degrees and with a resolution of at least 1.0x1.0 mm of the object; color images of the outside of each rail, taken at an angle of +/- 40 degrees and with a resolution of at least 1.0x1.0 mm from the object; recording of such a surface that the traveled part of an Englishman's crosspiece can be clearly seen in a maximum of 2 journeys.
    The object of the invention is to provide a video detail image with which the above requirements are met in a reliable, durable, affordable, environmentally friendly and reproducible manner.
    To this end, one or more of the following is proposed: a digital matrix camera (so-called area camera) or line scan camera; a camera of CMOS or CCD type; a camera with a resolution of at least 600 x 400, preferably at least 1000 x 1000, more preferably at least 1500 x 1000, for example about 1600 x 1200 (or equivalent line scan resolution); a color camera; per rail at least or precisely two cameras that are aligned and focused on the same recording area of the railroad; per rail at least or exactly one or two or three or four or five lamps, preferably flash lamps, preferably each in its own housing and / or with mutual space; a lamp contains LEDs in a two-dimensional pattern; a lamp contains at least five parallel lines running parallel (for example with a length of at least 5 or 10 or 15 cm and / or at most 30 or 40 or 50 cm) LEDs with a large number per line, preferably at least 20 (for example 26) LED 's per 200 millimeter line length; the LEDs are of SMD type; each LED gives white blue light; at least one lamp hangs directly above the associated rail and is preferably directed straight down; at least one lamp hangs sideways above the associated rail and is preferably directed at an angle between horizontal and vertical, for example at approximately the same angle as the associated camera; a camera has at least one or two lamps of its own; a camera shares at least one lamp with another camera; a camera looks through the gap between at least two associated lamps, preferably lamps that are specific to the camera; there is a control unit for controlling the flashing of the lamps according to a predetermined program; determined by the control unit, the lamp (s) associated with the one camera are on at a control time point, while at the same control time point the lamp (s) associated with the other camera are off, and vice versa, which time point is determined by the control unit, the one camera associated lamp (s) flash simultaneously at a time after the lamps associated with the other camera have flashed out, preferably after a pause time has elapsed; the lamp (s) that are common to the one and other cameras flash simultaneously with the lamp (s) that are specific to the one and the other camera respectively; the flash duration for the common lamp (s) is longer than for the camera-specific lamp (s), preferably at least 10% longer, whereby the flashing thereof starts simultaneously with the respective camera-specific lamps and preferably continues during the break time, preferably a part of the break time; seen in top view, a lamp and two cameras are on a line perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rail and / or a camera between two lamps on a line parallel to the longitudinal direction of the rail; the lamps and cameras are built into an upward and all-round side substantially light-tight housing, open enough downwards to allow the lamp light to shine unimpeded on the track and to allow the cameras to take unimpeded images of the part of the track illuminated by the lamps; the following applies to the camera: exposure time, for example, 13 mu s = 1 pixel shift at 100 km / h, 26 mu s = 1 pixel shift at 50 km / h, 50 mu s = 1 pixel shift at 26 km / h (mu = micro = 1 millionth) ; for the lamps, their operation, such as flash duration, light intensity, flash rate, is the same for every driving speed; a maximum of 2 pixels shift allowed within the exposure time; common flash duration within which the indoor and outdoor lamp flashes one after the other and the camera exposure time runs while the associated indoor or outdoor lamp flashes, the flash duration of the indoor or outdoor lamp being at least equal to the maximum selectable camera exposure time; the higher the travel speed the shorter the exposure time of the cameras, this is preferably combined with an increase of the travel speed increasing the image signal (the "gain") from the camera, for good image quality; free end of camera lens is at a higher level than front face flash lamp, for example a minimum of 1 or 5 cm and / or a maximum of 10 or 20 or 30 cm; focal length at least 4 and / or at most 12 mm, for example 6 or 8 mm; diaphragm range minimum F1.4 or F2 and / or maximum F22 or F5.6, for example F2.8 or F4; distance free end lens to surface balast bed minimum 500 and maximum 800 or 1000 mm, for example approximately 600 mm; gain a minimum of 10 or 15 dB and / or a maximum of 25 or 30 dB, preferably 20 dB; flash lamp VTR2 (manufacturer: Gardasoft); camera range at least 0.4 or 0.55 and / or at most 0.65 or 0.7 or 0.9, for example 0.6 or 0.61.
    The accompanying drawing shows one of the many embodiments of the invention. It shows:
    FIG. 1 five flash lamps and two area cameras above a rail;
    FIG. 2 the front view of fig. 1, for both rails of a railroad;
    FIG. 3 is the top view of FIG. 2;
    FIG. 4 the light-tight housing that hangs under the measurement train, next to the bogies, arrow P indicates the direction of travel.
    FIG. 5 a side view of a lamp and camera;
    FIG. 6 is the front view of the FIG. 5 unit;
    FIG. 7 a side view of two lamps and a camera;
    FIG. 8 the front view of the FIG. 7 unit;
    FIG. 9 shows four lamps and a camera in side view;
    FIG. 10 is the front view of the FIG. 9 unit;
    FIG. 11 a time diagram.
    FIG. 1-3 show outer flash lamps 1, inner flash lamps 2, central flash lamp 5, outer camera 3, inner camera 4. Flash lamps 1 and 2 are aimed at the area of the track illuminated by the flash lamp 5 that looks downwards. Flash lamp 5 is centered vertically above the associated rail.
    In Fig. 7, one central flash lamp hangs vertically above the associated rail and shines straight down, the camera and two additional flash lamps hang sideways from the rail and are directed to the area of the railroad directed by the central flash lamp.
    In Fig. 9, two central flash lamps hang vertically above the associated rail and shine obliquely downwards onto a common area of the rail and its environment, the camera and two additional flash lamps hang sideways from the rail and are directed towards the central flash lamps directed by the central flash lamps. area of the railroad.
    FIG. 11 shows the timing of flashing of the flashlights and the exposure of the cameras. The central flash lamp 5 burns 160 mu s, during which the flash lamps 1 and 2 each burn 70 mu s, the lamps 1 during the first and the lamps 2 during the second half of the flash duration of lamp 5. During the time that the lamps 1 or 2 fires, the associated cameras 3 and 4 are exposed to exposure, the duration of which depends on the speed of the measuring train. In this example an exposure of 15 (central area in solid line), 24 (left dotted area added) or 50 mu s (left and right dotted area added).
    Many embodiments belong to the invention. A measure forms, individually or in combination with other measures as disclosed herein, the invention, optionally in combination with one or more of the other measures disclosed here, individually or in combination with other measures. Thus, it is intended that herein be a basis for each measure individually, separately from the combination in which it is disclosed here, to independently or randomly in combination with one or more other measures disclosed herein, form the basis for a patent claim.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    Measuring train with an optical system with means for making video detailed images of an area of the superstructure of a railroad that is located directly below the measuring train.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2016668B1|2018-12-07|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2020-03-25| PD| Change of ownership|Owner name: VOLKERWESSELS INTELLECTUELE EIGENDOM B.V.; NL Free format text: DETAILS ASSIGNMENT: CHANGE OF OWNER(S), ASSIGNMENT; FORMER OWNER NAME: VOLKERRAIL NEDERLAND B.V. Effective date: 20200317 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2014719|2015-04-24|
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