• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL2014495A
    申请号:NL2014495
    申请日:2015-03-20
    公开日:2016-09-23
    发明作者:Johannes Maria Timmerman Cornelis
    申请人:Potveer Bv；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Short indication: defoliator
    The present invention relates to a device for the individual defoliation of stalks of crops, in particular cut flowers, hereinafter also referred to simply as defoliator.
    In processing lines of ornamental flowers, such as carnations, chrysanthemums, lilies, a position is usually provided where the leaves are removed near the free stem end of a number of crops bundled into a bunch (flowers, green branches and / or other decorative elements) with a defoliator. A device used in the art, see e.g. also US 4,704,846 A1 in Fig. 7, comprises at least a pair of superimposed and rotatable brushes which rotate in opposite directions during high speed operation. A brush comprises a horizontal carrier tube with radially projecting fingers of a somewhat flexible material. The fingers of a pair of cooperating brushes overlap each other. The brushes are angled with respect to the longitudinal direction of a conveyor belt on which the bunches are moved. The free stem ends of the forested crops are passed between the brushes, the rotating fingers removing the leaves and other protrusions.
    Also in a known stand-alone defoliator, such as used in flower shops and the like, pairs of brushes rotating in the opposite direction are used. See e.g. NL 8900392 A1.
    However, the defoliating results of the known rotating brush-based devices are unsatisfactory. On the one hand, small leaves are not always sufficiently removed from the stem. On the other hand, the rotating fingers at high speed also come into contact with the handle itself, which can damage it.
    The invention has for its object to provide a defoliator device with which a crop can be stripped of leaves individually.
    Yet another object is to provide such a defoliator, wherein the risk of damage to the crops, in particular the stems, is small.
    The device for individually de-leafing stalks of crops, such as cut flowers, in particular crops moving in a conveying direction, according to the invention comprises: first endless displacement means which are guided over at least two return rollers rotatably arranged in a first direction, provided with first risers for stripping leaves, in a defoliating path parallel to the first endless displacement means arranged second endless displacement means which are guided over at least two rotatably arranged deflection rollers, provided with second risers for stripping leaves, at least one drive for driving the first and second endless displacement means, such that the first and second riser elements cooperating in a defoliating path receive a stem end of a crop to be deflated at a pick-up end of the first and second endless displacement means and upon further displacement of the d The displacement means in the defoliating path remove the first and second riser leaves from the stem end.
    The device according to the invention comprises first and second endless moving means, such as strings, (narrow) belts and chain systems, which may or may not be of multiple design. The first and second displacement means run on deflection rollers or wheels, at least one of which is each driven by means of a drive, such as an electric motor and transmission box. The first and second displacement means are provided with first and second riser elements, respectively, for stripping leaves, which face each other in the defoliating path and cooperate with each other for removing leaves. In this defolding path, the first and second displacement means move in the same direction. The defoliating path thus covers the web portions of the first and second displacement means, where the first and second risers face each other, which web portions extend from a receiving end, where a stem end is received by the first and second risers cooperating therewith, beyond the included stem end. Due to the sliding movement of the moving first and second risers along the handle (instead of the beating movement with the rotating brushes according to the prior art) from the pick-up position towards the handle end, the risers scrape the leaves and other protruding plant parts of the stem on and with further movement beyond the stem end, the leaves are detached from the stem. Because in the device according to the invention each stem end is treated individually instead of a bundle of stem ends being the same, and such a stem end is enclosed substantially on all sides by the cooperating first and second risers, all leaves and other protruding parts of plants become highly efficient and reliable. the stem end removed. The risk of damaging the stem is also reduced. Advantageously, the first and second displacement means are arranged parallel to one another at a distance above each other, so that a certain space is present between these displacement means, which is large enough to allow the first and second risers and the stalks of the crops to pass through. During operation, the return rollers of the first and second displacement means then rotate in the opposite direction, whereby it is achieved that the displacement means move in the same direction in the defoliating path. Examples of suitable displacement means include chain systems, endless narrow bands or strings.
    Mentioned as cooperating risers for receiving a stem end and removing the leaves are teeth, toothed strips, flexible strips, and combinations thereof.
    In one embodiment the first and second riser elements comprise spaced apart sets of upstanding, first and second teeth arranged in parallel in the direction of movement of the first and second teeth, the longitudinal direction of the first and second teeth the defolding path is at angle α <90 ° with respect to the direction of movement of the first and second endless direction of movement. In this embodiment, the first displacement means are usually provided with sets of at least 2 first teeth on the outer circumference and the second displacement means are provided with sets of at least 2 second teeth, so that cooperating sets of first and second teeth enclose an opening at the receiving end, in which a stem end is included. Upon further displacement, the first and second teeth then move around the shank in the direction of the free shank end as a pair of cooperating rakes or combs. The movement of the first and second teeth relative to the crop removes the leaves and any other protruding crop portions from the stem end. It is believed that the first blade that is sheared forms a plug in the stem opening between the teeth and thus reduces the dimensions of the openings. During further movement, the following leaves are pushed off the stem end. The stem itself therefore hardly comes into contact with the teeth, and is not damaged. A subsequent crop is deflated by one of the following sets of cooperating first and second teeth. The sets of teeth are always spaced apart. This is particularly advantageous when the crops are supplied at a mutual distance such as 5 cm or more, lying on a conveyor, for example a conveyor belt with their handle end protruding beyond the longitudinal edge thereof, to be deflated.
    In this embodiment with spaced sets of teeth, the longitudinal direction of the first and second teeth is angled with respect to the direction of movement of the first and second endless displacement means. In order not to affect the lying position of a crop moving with the conveyor belt during displacement of the tines, the defolding path (displacement direction of displacement means) is at an (enclosed) angle α <90 °, for example 40-80 °, with respect to the conveying direction of the conveyor belt. For the same reasons, the stem opening bounded by the cooperating sets of teeth is advantageously substantially transverse to the conveying direction, and thus the longitudinal direction of the first and second teeth is substantially equal to the conveying direction of the conveying direction, so that the skew position of the displacing means relative to of the direction of transport is corrected by an equal skew position of the teeth relative to the displacement means.
    Advantageously, a set comprises more than 2 teeth next to each other, ie sets of first and second teeth cooperating with each other form several receiving openings, so that even with a slightly varying mutual distance between the supplied stem ends it is ensured that each stem end is secured at the receiving end included in one of these receiving openings.
    In a further embodiment, the first and second displacement means each comprise a double chain system, wherein of each double chain system the gears are preferably mounted on common shafts, and the associated teeth, in particular a plate-shaped element provided with upright teeth, as discussed below, are attached to both chains. This simplifies mounting the first and second teeth on the displacement means in the correct position and maintaining them.
    The optimum shape of the receiving opening defined by the first and second tines, for example diameter, can differ per crop to be processed. Therefore, the distance between the first and second displacement means is advantageously adjustable. It is also beneficial if the first and second teeth are easily interchangeable.
    In an embodiment thereof, the first and second teeth - viewed in the direction of displacement of the first and second displacement means respectively - are advantageously spaced apart pairs of plate-shaped elements provided with upright teeth. To this end, a plate-shaped element provided with upright teeth advantageously comprises a base plate located parallel to the displacement surface of the displacement means for attachment to the displacement means, in particular the links of the (double) chains thereof, with an upright plate provided with teeth. The base plate also makes it possible to easily realize the said skew position of the teeth relative to the displacement means.
    The first teeth are preferably staggered with respect to the second teeth in the direction of movement in the defoliating path. In other words, seen in the direction of movement, the second teeth coming from the top connect at the pick-up end to the first teeth moving from bottom to top about the respective deflection roller, which form a support for the stem end, as it were.
    In order to prevent the first and second teeth from touching or otherwise hindering each other when the turning wheels are rounded, the first teeth are deflected away from the receiving end in the defoliating path.
    In another embodiment, the first riser elements comprise a rigid strip provided with first teeth and extending along the length of the displacement means. The second riser elements can herein comprise a similar toothed strip extending along the length of the second displacement means. The longitudinal direction of the teeth is therefore equal to the longitudinal direction of the displacement means. In a preferred embodiment, the second riser elements comprise a strip with a flat peripheral edge. In the defoliating range, the first toothed stirp forms as first risers and the second risers, either strip with second teeth or strip with flat edge, form a series of receiving openings for a stem end. The strip with first teeth is advantageously made from a relatively stiff material, while the strip used as second riser elements can also be made from a relatively stiff material. Preferably, a material is used for this that is more flexible than the material of the strip with first teeth. In order to be able to round the return rollers, the strips will usually be divided into sections, which sections are each mounted separately on the moving means used. For a strip with flat edge, it is also possible to use a strip with an edge rippled out of the plane of the strip, which gives the required greater length when rounding the deflection rollers. In view of the easy and gradual pick-up of a handle end, a first tooth - viewed in the direction of movement - comprises a front surface which is smaller than 90 ° and a substantially rear face perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first displacement means. The front surface thus designed facilitates the incorporation of a stem end when rounding the deflection roller located at the receiving end.
    In another embodiment, the first and second riser elements comprise one or more upright strips of a flexible material extending in the longitudinal direction of the first and second displacement means. In the defoliating path, the upright strips overlap slightly, so that their flexibility allows them to fit close enough to receive a stem, and are sufficiently stiff - and therefore resistant - to strip leaves off the stem. A strip of rubber with a thickness up to a few millimeters is a suitable material. If the strip is insufficiently elastic, a strip with a corrugated edge can be used.
    In the above-discussed embodiments, the angle between the longitudinal direction of the moving means and the conveying direction of the crops on a conveyor is generally smaller, for example in the range of 10-40 °, than in the above-discussed embodiment with spaced apart sets of risk elements .
    In yet another embodiment, the first and second risk elements comprise one or more rows of flexible hairs arranged side by side. The hairs, for example hairs comparable in flexibility to the hairs of a street broom, pick up a stem end and the leaves are removed by displacement.
    As already indicated above, the defoliating device according to the invention is advantageously used in combination with conveying means, such as a conventional conveyor belt, for the horizontal displacement of spaced crops in a conveying direction with a stem end protruding beyond the longitudinal edge of the conveying means of a drive for the means of transport. The input end of the displacing means is then at substantially the same height as the conveying part of the conveying means.
    In order to prevent the crops from being dragged along by the movement of the riser elements along the handle of the transport device, clamping means are advantageously provided for clamping the crops on the transport means. A suitable embodiment of such clamping means is an endless clamping band arranged at a small distance above the transporting means, for example a narrow endless belt, which if desired is provided on the outside with a resilient and compressible, for example sponge or foamy, material which during operation with the same speed as the transport means moves in the transport direction.
    In order to match the transport speed of the transport means and the displacement speed of the first and second displacement means, a control device is preferably provided for controlling the drives of the first and second displacement means and the transport means, such that the displacement component of the first and second displacement means second teeth in the conveying direction is equal to the displacement speed of the conveying means.
    According to a further aspect, the invention also relates to a flower processing line for processing flowers into flower bunches, which comprises a defoliating device according to the invention as described above.
    Advantageously, the flower processing line further comprises one or more flower processing stations selected from a sorting device for sorting crops according to one or more selected crop characteristics, a binding device for binding several crops with binding material, such as an elastic binder or taper, a bunching device for forming a collecting a bunch of flowers from flowers transported on the conveying means, which bunching device is arranged downstream of the sorting device and upstream of the binding device, if present.
    The invention is explained below with reference to the appended drawing, in which
    FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention with sets of first and second teeth as risers;
    FIG. 2 and 3 details of the data shown in FIG. 1 shown embodiment;
    FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of a second embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention with strips provided with first and second teeth as risers;
    FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a portion of a third embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention with a strip provided with first teeth and an upright strip as risers;
    FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a portion of a fourth embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention with a plurality of upright strips as risers; and
    FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a portion of a fifth embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention with brush bands as risk elements.
    In FIG. 1 to 3, reference numeral 10 denotes a conveying device for moving crops, in particular cut flowers, at a mutual distance, in the conveying direction indicated by an arrow, such as an endless conveyor belt which is guided in a manner known per se over reversing rollers 12 at least one of which is driven by a drive 14 controlled by control device 16. The crops 18 lie with the direction of their stem 20 substantially transversely of the said conveying direction, the stem end 22 to be deflated past the longitudinal edge 24 of the conveyor device 10 protrudes. A clamping belt 26, which moves with the transport device 10 at the same speed during operation, clamps the crop onto the transport surface 28 of the transport device 10 and ensures sufficient counterforce when defoliating is described below.
    For defoliating, a defoliator device 30 is arranged near the longitudinal edge 24 of the conveyor device 10. In the embodiment shown, the defoliator 30 comprises two double-design chain systems as first displacement means 32 and second displacement means 34, respectively. Each chain system comprises two chains 36, 38, 40, 42, which at the receiving end 44 near the longitudinal edge 24 over sprockets 46 with common shaft 48 and at the other end over gear wheels 47, which gear wheels are rotatable in the directions indicated by arrows. The direction of rotation of the first chain system is counterclockwise so that the upper chain part 50 moves away from the receiving end 44. The direction of rotation of the second chain system is opposite to the direction of rotation of the first chain system, i.e. clockwise, so that the lower chain part 52 thereof moves in the same direction as said upper chain part 50 of the first chain system. The direction of movement of the chain systems is at an angle α <90 ° with respect to the direction of transport of the conveyor device 10. The defoliator section 54, where sets of teeth to be described as first and second risers remove the leaves 55 from the stem end 22, extends from the receiving end 44 in the direction of movement of the upper chain part 50 and lower chain part 52. On the chains 36 and 38 first riser elements 60 designed as first teeth are mounted in the form of one-piece elements 62 arranged in the direction of movement and spaced apart from each other. Such an element 62 comprises a base plate 64 which is connected to the relevant links via connecting pieces 66 68 of the two chains 36 and 38. The base plate 64 is bent at one end into an upright plate part 69 which at its free end is provided with a series of first teeth which extend obliquely in the direction of movement away from the chains 36, 38. Similarly, second teeth are mounted as second risers 70 as part of fastening elements 72 on the chains 40, 42 of the second chain system 34, except that the second teeth are substantially perpendicular to the chains 40, 42. The base plates 64 of the elements 62, 72 have such a shape that the sets of first and second teeth in the defoliating path are parallel to the conveying direction of the conveying device 10. In other words, the longitudinal direction of the rows of teeth is in that path under the said angle α with respect to the direction of movement of the chains. Viewed in the direction of movement in the defoliating path, the second teeth connect upstream to first teeth, so that they are mutually overlapping while leaving openings 74 for receiving a stem end 22. Reference numeral 80 is a drive for the first and second displacement means. 32, 34, which is controlled with control device 16. The displacement component of the first and second displacement means 32, 34 in the direction of the transport direction of the transport device 10 can thus be adjusted to the transport speed of the crops 18 with the transport device 10.
    In the following to be discussed in FIG. 4 to 7, the transport device 10, the drives 14 and 80, the control device 16 are not shown again. FIG. 4-7 and associated description focus on the first and second risk elements 60 and 70. Components that are shown in Figs. 1-3 described are identical, are designated by the same reference numerals.
    FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of a defoliator device according to the invention. In addition to the conveyor belt 10, on which plants 18 with their stem end 22 are transported protrudingly beyond the longitudinal edge 24 at a mutual distance, the defoliator device 30 is arranged, wherein the first and second displacement means 32, 34 respectively are provided with a longitudinally extending thereof strips 100 and 102 which are provided with risers 60 and 70, respectively, designed as first and second teeth, which define receiving openings 74 for a stem end 22 in the defoliating path.
    FIG. 5 shows a part of a third embodiment of a defoliator device 30 according to the invention. On the first displacement means 32 designed as chain 36, plate elements 110 are mounted in their longitudinal direction with one of first teeth as first riser elements 60, such that in the defoliating path the plate elements 110 form a series of contiguous teeth. The tooth-like first riser elements 60 have a front surface 112 which, in the defoliating path, is at an angle of approximately 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction of the displacement means, which is to receive a stem 18 when rounding a stem shown in FIG. 5 gear not shown. The rear face 114 here is substantially perpendicular to that longitudinal direction. The second displacement means 34 also comprise a chain 40, on which plate elements 116 with a flat edge 118 are mounted. In the defoliating path, the plate elements 116, which are offset in width direction with respect to the plate elements 112, overlap the first riser elements 60 while leaving a receiving opening 74 for a stem 20 to be deflated. It is advantageous if a stem 20 is located on both the front face 112 and the the surface 114 of the first teeth rests, but not on the bottom of the trough between successive teeth, and the flat edge 118 also makes sufficient contact with the shank 18.
    FIG. 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a defoliator device 30 according to the invention, wherein the first and second riser elements 60 and 60 respectively. 70 each comprise a plurality of upright strips 120 arranged side by side with a flat edge 122 of a somewhat flexible and elastic material, which on narrow endless bands are the first and second displacement means 32 and 32, respectively. 34 are attached, wherein there is no overlap of the first and second riser elements 60 and 70 in the defoliating path, but there is sufficient space for receiving a stem 20.
    FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a defoliator device 30 according to the invention, wherein the first and second displacement means 32 and 34 with first riser elements 60 and 7, respectively. second riser elements 70 each consist of so-called brush belts, which comprise flexible bristles that are sufficiently stiff and strong to unzip leaves from a stem 20.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Device (30) for individually defoliation of stalks (20) of plants (18), in particular plants moving in a conveying direction, comprising first endless displacement means (32) which are arranged over at least two rotatably arranged return rollers (46, 47) are guided, provided with first riser elements (60) for stripping leaves, in a defoliating path parallel to the first endless displacement means (32) arranged second endless displacement means (34), which are guided over at least two deflection rollers (46, 47), provided with second riser elements (70) for stripping leaves, at least one drive (80) for driving the first and second endless displacement means (32, 34), such that the riser elements cooperating in the defoliant path (54) 60, 70) at a pick-up end (44) of the first and second endless displacement means (32, 34) pick up a stem end (22) of a crop to be deflated and For further displacement of the displacement means (32, 34) in the defoliating path (54) remove the first and second riser elements (60, 70) leaves (55) from the stem end (22).
    [2]
    Device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second riser elements (60, 70) in the displacement direction of the first and second displacement means (32, 34) are spaced apart from each other from sets of upright, in the defoliating path (54) substantially first and second teeth arranged plate-like elements (62, 72) arranged in parallel, wherein the longitudinal direction of the first and second teeth in the defoliating path at an angle α <90 ° with respect to the direction of movement of the first and second endless displacement means (32) , 34).
    [3]
    Device according to claim 2, wherein in the direction of movement in the defoliating path (54) the first teeth are staggered with respect to the second teeth.
    [4]
    Device according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the first teeth are bent in the direction of the direction of movement of the first movement means (32).
    [5]
    5. Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims 2-4, wherein the distance between successive sets of cooperating first and second teeth is greater than the stem length to be deflated.
    [6]
    The device of claim 1, wherein the first riser elements (60) comprise a strip (110) provided with first teeth extending along the length of the displacement means (32).
    [7]
    Device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a first tooth has a front surface (112) which is angled smaller than 90 ° and a substantially perpendicular rear surface (114) with respect to the longitudinal direction of the first displacement means (32).
    [8]
    Device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the second riser elements (70) comprise one or more upright strips (116) with a flat edge (118) of a flexible material extending in the longitudinal direction of the second displacement means (34).
    [9]
    Device according to claim 1, wherein the first and second riser elements (60, 70) have one or more upright strips (120) extending in the longitudinal direction of the first and second displacement means (32, 34) with flat longitudinal edges (122) made of a flexible material.
    [10]
    Device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second displacement means (32, 34) with first and second riser elements (60, 70) respectively comprise each or more brush belts arranged next to each other.
    [11]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the first displacement means (32) are guided over at least two return rollers (46, 47) rotatably arranged in a first direction about a horizontal axis (48), and the second displacement means (34) are arranged at a distance above and parallel to the first displacement means (32) and are guided over at least two return rollers (46.47) rotatably arranged in a direction opposite to the first direction about a horizontal axis (48).
    [12]
    Device as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, further comprising transport means (10) for horizontally displacing spaced crops (18) in a transport direction wherein a stem end (22) past the longitudinal edge (24) of the transport means (10) ), provided with a drive (14) for the transport means (10).
    [13]
    Device according to claim 12, further comprising clamping means (26) for clamping the crops (18) on the transport means (10).
    [14]
    Device as claimed in any of the claims 12-13, wherein the direction of displacement of the first and second displacement means (32, 34) is at an angle α <90 ° with respect to the direction of transport of the transport means (10).
    [15]
    Device as claimed in any of the claims 12-14, wherein a control device (16) is provided for controlling the drives (80, 14) of the first and second displacement means (32, 34) and the transport means (10), such in that the displacement component of the first and second risers (60, 70) in the conveying direction is equal to the displacement speed of the conveying means (10).
    [16]
    A flower processing line for processing flowers into flower bunches, which comprises a defoliating device according to one or more of the preceding claims.
    [17]
    The flower processing line according to claim 16, further comprising one or more flower processing stations selected from a sorting device for sorting crops according to one or more selected crop characteristics, a binding device for binding several crops with binding material, a forest device for forming a bunch of collect several flowers from flowers transported on the means of transport.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    NL2014495B1|2016-09-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    NL7713014A|1977-11-25|1979-05-29|Teunis Cornelis Van Den Dool|Cut flower bunching machine - has primary unit cutting blooms at required stem length and secondary unit releasing stems to tying station|
    CN1215545A|1997-10-26|1999-05-05|广西壮族自治区农业机械研究所|Semi-feed sugar-cane combine harvester|
    CN201601985U|2009-12-08|2010-10-13|严嘉昌|Vertical spinning peeling device|
    CN203801298U|2013-12-14|2014-09-03|张文艳|Fast sugarcane leaf removal machine in harvest|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL2014109|2015-01-12|
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