• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:

    公开号:NL1041228A
    申请号:NL1041228
    申请日:2015-03-17
    公开日:2016-01-05
    发明作者:Gerrit Hendrik Pannekoek Jakob；Bruins Slot Albert
    申请人:Spekpannekoek B V；Abs Infradvies B V；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Riparian element
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a bank covering element. Here, banks are understood to mean boundaries of a body of water, in particular slope-shaped boundaries, on which waves can rise. The invention further relates to banks provided with such covering elements.
    A recent example, see WO 2011/108931, is a concrete block composed of two identical sub-blocks. Each sub-block has a base, a fitted body or neck and a head that follow one another in a direction parallel to the center line of the block, which center line will in use be substantially perpendicular to the slope. One side of the sub-blocks is completely flat, the other three sides are provided with a recess between the foot and the head, to form the neck.
    In a condition placed on a slope, the sub-blocks in each pair are placed with their completely flat sides against each other so that an almost square concrete block is formed in top view which has a neck shape seen from all four sides. The blocks are supported with the heads and the bases together. Integral split promotes engagement. Passages are formed for water between the heads of adjacent blocks. A system of perpendicular channels is formed at the level of the neck portions, parallel to the plane of the slope. The head has a cross-section, viewed in a plane perpendicular to the center line, that is 10% or more smaller than a parallel cross-section through the base.
    The making of the sub-blocks takes place in forms that are supported in matrix arrangement on a mold plate. For each block, which is made up of two sub-blocks, two forms are needed on the mold plate. For example, a mold plate on which ten molds for sub-blocks can be placed in one mold run can be effective for forming five whole blocks.
    In a state of slope, the sub-plane between the two sub-blocks forms a potential source of instability. The two sub-blocks can shift relative to each other at the location of the partial surface. This creates discontinuities, in the vertical or in the horizontal sense. After some time, a gap may arise between the two sub-blocks due to interaction with neighboring sub-blocks.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    It is an object of the invention to provide a bank covering element with a base part, a head part and a fitted body part located between them, which can have a relatively high stability when placed on a bank.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a bank covering element with a base part, a head part and a fitted body part located between them, with which, when placed on a bank, an undesirable water pressure build-up in the underlying layer of the bank protection structure can be effectively prevented.
    An object of the invention is to provide a bank covering element with a base part, a head part and a fitted body part between them which can be made efficiently.
    An object of the invention is to provide a bank covering element with a base part, a head part and a fitted body part located between them, with which a bank covering can be made efficiently and reliably.
    To achieve at least one of these objects, the invention provides, from one aspect, a concrete block for covering water-retaining embankments, comprising a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other, the base part being the forms the underside of the block and defines a supporting surface there, and the head part forms the top side of the block, wherein the concrete block has four peripheral sides which mutually enclose at least approximately right angles, wherein the body part is situated on three peripheral sides in the horizontal direction with respect to the base part and the head part on those sides to form a continuous horizontal channel in those sides and wherein the body part in the fourth circumferential side forms a substantially flat surface with the base part and the head part on that side, which flat surface substantially is perpendicular to the support plane, where the first circumferential side and the third circumferential side of the block connect to the bottom the circumferential side and in the base part and in the head part have a length, seen in a projection on a plane parallel to the supporting surface, that is greater than half the length of the fourth side.
    As a result, fewer blocks are required per unit area: each block made is a block of its own, not a sub-block that must be merged with another, identical, sub-block to form a block. When making the block, it may, just like the known sub-block, lie with the flat side on the mold plate, but the height (relative to the mold plate) is greater and thus the surface to be occupied in the coating. Therefore, fewer shaping operations are required per unit area, less horizontal space on the mold plate. The number of sliding surfaces between the elements of the coating remains limited, the formation of discontinuities and gaps is prevented. However, an effective channel system can be provided in the cladding between head parts and base parts of the concrete blocks.
    In a further embodiment, the first peripheral side and the third peripheral side of the block in the base part and in the head part have a length - seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface - which at least substantially corresponds to the length of the fourth peripheral side.
    In a further development of the concrete block according to the invention, the head part has on the top side a first, flat top surface connecting to the fourth circumferential side, which is substantially parallel to the supporting surface and changes over to a transition point remote from the fourth circumferential side to the second upper surface descending on the second peripheral side, the transition location being located directly above the concrete of the body part. The transition site can be approximately straight, parallel to the fourth peripheral side. Viewed in top view and in a direction perpendicular to the fourth peripheral side, the length of the first top surface and the length of the second top surface can be approximately equal. The angle between the first top surface and the second top surface can be between 5 and 45 degrees.
    Such a second upper surface can be advantageous in view of energy dissipation. When riding on a bank covering built from these concrete blocks, the second upper surface, which is largely situated above the channel between head part and base part, will hardly be loaded: the vehicle weight is mainly taken up by the first upper surface, which for a large part is directly above the body part! is located.
    The second top surface can in turn, in the direction towards the second peripheral side, merge into a more inclined third top surface.
    In a further development of the concrete block according to the invention, the greatest depth in the body part, seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface, of the channel in the first, second and third peripheral sides is approximately equal. Thus the body of the concrete block is thicker in a vertical section parallel to the flat surface of the fourth peripheral side and therefore stronger than in a vertical section transversely thereto. When placed, the thickest dimension of the body will then generally be directed transversely to the bank line.
    In a further development of the concrete block according to the invention, the greatest depth in the body part, seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface, of the channel in the first, second and / or third peripheral sides is approximately Va of the largest length of the relevant side .
    In one embodiment, the channel is limited in downward direction by an upper surface of the base part that is parallel to the supporting surface
    In a further development of the concrete block according to the invention, the head part in the second peripheral side is provided with a vertical passage, which is preferably located in the center of the second peripheral side. This allows water to easily join the channel system between head parts and base parts. In the case of the presence of the aforementioned second upper surface, a cavity is provided in cooperation with the flat fourth circumferential side of a subsequent concrete block in which possibly washed out, evaded split is collected and can then be moved again through the passage to the surroundings of the base part. The upper part can form support parts on either side of the vertical passage for support against a following block placed against the second peripheral side.
    The vertical passage may merge into a rearwardly inclined top surface in the rearward direction, such as said second top surface or said third top surface.
    Said first upper surface may extend further in the forward direction in the side regions which, viewed in front view of the block, are on either side of the vertical passage than in the region which is behind the vertical passage, in particular the first upper surface in the side regions extend on either side of the second top surface which is located behind the vertical passage. This promotes the stackability of the blocks. In top view, the first upper surface thus has a U-shape or fork shape.
    In view of desirable water permeability in a bank cladding with concrete blocks according to the invention and to promote the interaction of washed-in split with the concrete blocks, the base part in the second peripheral side can be provided with one or more vertical passages, of which, in one embodiment, the cross-sectional area decreases in a downward direction. If a concrete block placed in series on a slope under the influence of hydraulic forces (in particular wave impacts), despite the presence of a split, would unexpectedly tilt slightly with respect to the surrounding identical concrete blocks, this would be possible due to the eccentric location of the center of gravity. be that the second circumferential side rises slightly with some tilt, as a result of which the space bounded by the recess in the second side of the base part and the flat fourth circumferential side of the subsequent concrete block becomes slightly larger. That extra space can be occupied by additional split. The shape of the space does not prevent the concrete block from tilting back. Due to the increased amount of split, the wedge effect will increase and the stability against tilting back, however, will be improved.
    To prevent splitting from washing out, at least some of the vertical passages in the base part may be out of line with the vertical passage in the head part.
    In one embodiment the base part is provided on the second peripheral side with at least one vertical recess, which opens upwards and upwards and is bounded downwards by a threshold. The cross-sectional area of this recess, which is intended for receiving slit, can also decrease in the downward direction. This recess can be located in the middle of the second peripheral side, in particular below said central vertical passage in the second peripheral side of the head part. This recess, in the position of the block, can be limited in the forward direction by the rear surface of the next block placed against it.
    The concrete blocks can be formed with interlocking portions to prevent mutual displacement. In one embodiment, the base part is provided on the first and third circumferential sides, respectively, with first and third oblique, flat coupling surfaces which are complementary in shape and have normals which have a relatively small vertical directional component, wherein the first and third coupling surfaces are preferably perpendicular to the fourth side stand. The first and third coupling surfaces may, for example, have a normal which makes an angle of +5 degrees and -5 degrees respectively with the supporting surface or the horizontal. As a result, in a condition placed in a covering, curvature in surfaces perpendicular to the slope and parallel to the bank line is prevented.
    For the aforementioned water permeability, in a simple embodiment, the base part in the first and / or the third peripheral side can be provided with a side recess which opens into the second peripheral side thereof. Said first and third coupling surfaces can then be situated between the side recesses and the fourth peripheral side.
    In one embodiment the base part on the first and third circumferential sides forms a space which is open to the rear and downwards by a threshold, open upwards, forwards and to the side. In the placed state, two receiving blocks can thus form a receiving space for split.
    The water permeability between the head parts themselves and between the base parts themselves can generally be in the order of magnitude of 5 to 15%.
    The concrete block according to the invention can have the following external dimensions for use in bank coverings, in particular in the Netherlands: the first / third and the second / fourth peripheral sides approximately 0.3 m and the height 0.15-0.55 m , preferably 0.25-0.35 m.
    The external dimensions can be determined by those of the base part.
    In order to promote stability, the base part and the head part can have an equal length in the first and third peripheral sides and / or have an equal length in the second and / or fourth peripheral sides.
    The largest net cross-sectional area in the head portion can be greater than 90% of the largest net cross-sectional area in the base portion. With net cross-sectional area is meant the surface that is occupied by material of the element, therefore recesses are not included. The net cross-sectional area is measured in planes parallel to the supporting surface.
    From a further aspect, the invention provides a concrete block for covering banks, comprising a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other, the base part forming the underside of the block and defining a supporting surface there, and head part forms the top side of the block, the concrete block having four (circumferential) sides enclosing at least approximately mutually right angles, wherein a recess is formed in three of the circumferential sides between the base part and the head part and the fourth circumferential side is flat, the recesses in the three peripheral sides merge into one another to form a U-shaped channel around the body part, the four peripheral sides having a substantially equal length.
    From a further aspect the invention provides a covering for the bank of a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks according to the invention, wherein the concrete blocks with the first and third circumferential sides in horizontal direction, parallel to the bank line, placed against each other in a rectified manner and leaving vertical passages between the adjacent head parts between the space above the concrete blocks and the space below the head parts. Considering the plan view of the cladding, the concrete blocks can be placed in perpendicular, contiguous rows and columns.
    In the bank covering, use can be made of the fact that the concrete block according to the invention can be placed in two orientations. In one embodiment, in at least a first area of the upper layer, the concrete blocks are placed in series with the fourth circumferential sides of the concrete blocks facing the water. The flat fourth circumferential sides inhibit a wave run-up.
    The concrete blocks can be placed in at least a second area of the top layer with the fourth peripheral sides turned away from the water. The flat fourth circumferential sides can form a retaining means for washed-out slit that is carried over the coating with back-flowing water. In the case of the aforementioned sloping second upper surface, split receiving spaces are formed, from which the slit can dodge downwards via said vertical passage in order to be able to once again end up between the base parts in order to perform its intended function. The second area can be located in a zone where waves break and where large lift forces can occur on the concrete blocks. In the case of the aforementioned oblique second upper surfaces, the spread over the coating of water deposited on the coating in the breaker zone can be promoted.
    In one embodiment, both areas are present and the first area on the slope is located in an area above the second area, which is preferably located in the breakwater zone.
    From a further aspect the invention provides a covering for the bank of a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks, which concrete blocks each comprise a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other concrete blocks according to the invention, in which the concrete blocks are placed next to each other in a first, horizontal direction parallel to the bank line and are also placed next to each other in a second direction transversely to the first direction, wherein, considered in the first and the second direction respectively, between the concrete blocks at the body parts and second and first channels extending continuously in the second and first direction, the largest cross-section of the second channels being larger than the largest cross-section of the first channels, preferably at least about 1.5 times gr oter, even more preferably at least about 2 times larger.
    From a further aspect the invention provides a covering for the bank of a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks, wherein the concrete blocks in a first, horizontal direction parallel to the bank line and / or second, transverse superimposed direction are placed next to each other, wherein the concrete blocks have an upper part that forms an upright water surface, wherein in at least a first area of the upper layer the concrete blocks are placed with the upright water surfaces facing the water and in at least a second area of the top layer the concrete blocks are placed with the upright impact surfaces facing away from the water, the first area on the slope being located in an area above the second area, considered in the second direction, the second area preferably comprising the breakwater zone. The concrete blocks can herein have a head part and a base part and define a channel system between them, wherein the concrete blocks between adjacent head parts leave vertical passages between the space above the concrete blocks and the space below the head parts.
    The concrete blocks in this bank covering can be formed in accordance with the concrete blocks as described in one or more of the appended claims.
    It is noted that the concrete block according to the invention when placed in rows extending in the bank line direction, if desired, are placed such that the blocks in one row are displaced in the direction of travel relative to the blocks in the adjacent row.
    The aspects and measures described in this description and claims of the application and / or shown in the drawings of this application can, where possible, also be applied separately from each other. These individual aspects can be the subject of split-off patent applications that are aimed at this. This applies in particular to the measures and aspects that are described per se in the subclaims.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The invention will be elucidated on the basis of a number of exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. Shown is:
    Figures 1A-F show respectively a front view, side view, top view, rear view, oblique top front view and oblique bottom front view of a first exemplary embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention;
    Figures 2A-D show a front view, a side view, a top view and a rear view, respectively, of a group of concrete blocks of figures 1A-F;
    Figure 2E shows a cross section through a bank covering with groups of concrete blocks of Figures 2A-D;
    Figures 3A and 3B show an alternative second exemplary embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention;
    Figures 4A-F show a front view, side view, top view, rear view, oblique top front view and oblique bottom front view, respectively, of a third exemplary embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention; and
    Figures 5A-I respectively a front view, side view, top view, rear view, bottom view, two vertical cross sections, an oblique top front view and an oblique bottom front view of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a concrete block according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The concrete block 1 in Figs. 1A-F is made of a type of concrete in accordance with the requirements for curved bricks, such as C35 / 45, and has a detailed appearance, obtained by a base part 2 and a head part 3 above it, which are connected to each other. are connected by a fitted body or neck part 4. The waist shape is caused by the fact that on the first peripheral side 1a, the second peripheral side 1b and the third peripheral side 1c of the concrete block 1 a recess or channel 8a, 8b, 8c is formed, which is essentially U-shaped around the waist part 4. However, the fourth circumferential side or rear side 1d is not provided with such a channel and is completely flat in this example, and forms a flat rear surface 7. As a result, the center of gravity Z of the concrete block 1 is closer to the fourth circumferential side 1d than to the second circumferential side 1b.
    The channel parts 8a-c have a bottom 9a-c that is substantially horizontal.
    The base part 2 has a flat supporting surface 14 which is substantially perpendicular to rear surface 7. In the front or second peripheral side 1b, the base part 2 is provided with three downwardly tapering, continuous recesses 11a, 11b, 11c and at the corners of downward towards tapered, continuous recesses 11d and 11e. In the second and third peripheral sides 1b, 1c, the base part 2 is provided on the second peripheral side 1b with a continuous recess 12a, 12c. Behind it, in the first and third peripheral sides 1a, 1c, the base part 2 is provided with co-formed coupling parts 13a, 13c, with slightly oblique surfaces, the normal Na, Nc of which are parallel to the plane 7 and have a relatively small horizontal directional component. In this example, the normals make an angle β1 and β2 of +/- 5 degrees with the horizontal / supporting surface 14, so that the surfaces in Figure 1D make an angle of 85 degrees / 95 degrees with the vertical.
    Subsequently, on the fourth side 1d, the head part 3 has a first flat top surface 5, which extends over approximately half its length, then merges at a location above the body 4 into a forwardly sloping second top surface 6 which opens into the front side, where a central continuous recess 10 is provided therein, so that the second upper surface 6 has the appearance of a neckline. The angle α - in the vertical plane - between upper surfaces 5 and 6 is approximately 20 degrees. The recess 10 lies vertically above the recess 11b in base part 2, see figure 1B. The portions 6 ", 6" on either side of the recess 10 hang over the recesses 11a, 11c in base part 2.
    In contrast to known detailed, integrally formed concrete blocks, the concrete block according to the invention is substantially square in plan view. In this example, the outer dimensions L, B and H are approximately 0.3 m, 0.3 m and 0.3 m. The horizontal depth K of the channel sections 8a, b, c is each time approximately 7 cm.
    The concrete blocks 1 can in each case be formed as a whole on so-called forming plates. The body 4 can be made quite thick, viewed in a direction away from the mold plate. A large covering surface can be achieved per mold plate and mold run. In this example, 12 blocks 1 are possible on a mold plate of 130 cm x 150 cm.
    As can be seen in figures 2A-D, the concrete blocks 1 in directions X and Y can be placed next to each other in rows and columns as group 100. Between the columns, the channel sections 8a and 8c of adjacent concrete blocks form in Y-direction through channels 18. In the X direction, through channels 19 are formed between the flat surfaces 7 of the one row of concrete blocks 1 and the second peripheral sides 1b of the adjacent row of concrete blocks 1. The blocks 1 are placed against each other with the coupling surfaces 13a, 13b. After placement on a slope, split will be washed to be received in the recesses 11a-e and recesses 12a, b, to prevent mutual displacement of the concrete blocks 1, in particular in the vertical direction. The recess 11b is easy to fill via recess 10. The blocks 1 can come with faces 15a-d on the second peripheral side of the head part 3 (Fig. 1E) and faces 17a, b on the second peripheral side of base part 2 against face 7 of the block 1 located in front of it.
    It can also be seen in figure 2C that in the direction Y a rear surface 7 and a second upper surface 6 form a recessed space 20, with the opening to recess 10 in the bottom thereof.
    When applying a bank cladding with concrete blocks according to the invention, groups 100 of concrete blocks 1 can be placed on a usual substrate, here on split layer 102 which lies on filter cloth 101, see figure 2E. The Y direction is parallel to the slope and the X direction is parallel to the bank line. The body of water produces waves that the bank cover must withstand. Two zones can generally be distinguished here, first zone or area A of wave run-up and second zone or area B of wave breaking, with wave impacts. In zone B, the lift forces will be high, as will the wave-impact forces. A special feature is that a distinction is made when placing the groups 100 in connection with this: in area A the blocks with the flat surfaces 7 face the water side, in area B opposite to that. In area A, the wave run-up (direction C) is inhibited by the upwardly projecting portions of flat surfaces 7, which form upright water-facing surfaces. This inhibitory effect has been added to that of the channel system 8. In area B, water flowing back over the top sides, direction D, is partially absorbed by the upwardly projecting parts of flat surfaces 7, which form upright water interfaces, whereby also entrained split in spaces 20 can be collected. That split can then pass water downwards through recesses 10 and end up from channel 8 into recesses 11a-c, 12. That the water flowing back over the top side is delayed and can enter the channels 8 an increased hydraulic downward pressure on the concrete blocks as a result, which is advantageous for limiting the lifting forces occurring in the next breaking wave. The oblique second upper surfaces 6 and their location in the shadow of the head part 3 of the adjacent concrete block 1 on the water side form a kind of jump mechanisms that can promote the distribution of the water of a wave just broken on the slope.
    The relatively flat bottoms 9a-c of the channels 18, 19 can promote the flow image. In the vertical direction, the right-angle transition from channel bottoms 9a-c to vertical passages between the base parts, such as passages 12a, b, can have an inhibiting effect on downward flow therethrough. The upward flow through the vertical passages is not impeded.
    At the location of the coupling between the first and third peripheral sides of adjacent concrete blocks 1, the coupling surfaces 13a, c can move alongside each other in a direction that deviates from the normal on supporting surface 14. This prevents curvature.
    The weight of vehicles traveling over the bank covering is taken up by the first upper surfaces 5 which are directly supported by the webs 4. The overhanging head portions that shield the channel portions 8b upwards are not loaded by weight force or by a moment generated thereby.
    In figures 3A and 3B a concrete block T is shown, which almost entirely corresponds to concrete block 1, but is provided as a difference with flat coupling strips 13a, 13b, the combined height of coupling strips 13a, 13 being smaller than the height of the base part 2 The result is that a gap small after each other has been placed between two blocks 1 'between the lower edge of coupling strip 13a and the upper edge of coupling strip 13b, so that placement on a filter layer is facilitated.
    In figures 4A-F a concrete block 201 is shown which corresponds in general to the concrete blocks according to the invention discussed above. The upper surface 205 now extends further to the front, and merges there into a descending surface 206b, and merges towards the sides 201a, 201c into descending surfaces 206a, c. Furthermore, on the underside, the support surface 14, in the side 201a a coupling cam 213a is provided, which fits into the coupling recess 213c in side 201c, the height of the recess 213c being a dimension h greater than the height of the cam 213a. a central recess 211b is formed with recesses 211a, c provided with a bottom.
    In figures 5A-I a concrete block 301 is shown which corresponds in general to the concrete blocks according to the invention discussed above. The upper surface 305 merges in the middle, in the forward direction, into a descending upper surface 305b, which is bounded on either side by extensions 305a, c of upper surface 305, so that the support surface is enlarged with favorably located areas. The regions 305a, c transition to the front in descending planes 306a, b. The sloping surface 305b merges forwards into a more sloping surface 306c, which is at an angle with respect to the horizontal that is equal to that of the surfaces 306a, b. A kind of cleavage is thus also formed here, with two legs (U-shape or fork shape). The legs with end edges 317a, c extend as far from the rear face 314 as the front edges 315a, c, so that they have a vertical tangent line Q with each other that is parallel to the rear face 314.
    On the first and third peripheral sides, the base part 302 is provided with molded L-shaped thresholds, with horizontal part 313a, b and vertical part 316a, b, in the rear half of the base part. In the placed state, these thresholds with the thresholds of adjacent blocks can form a receiving space 300a, b for split. Before threshold portion 313a, b, space (312a, b) is free on the first and third peripheral sides for water to pass through.
    The base part 302 is furthermore provided on the second peripheral side, front side, with two vertical passages 311a, c and with one central split receiving space 311b. The passageways 311a, c are for the most part straight below the "legs" of the upper part so that they lie in the shade thereof. In this embodiment, the split receiving space 311b lies directly below the vertical passage 310 in the upper part.
    The above description is included to illustrate the operation of preferred embodiments of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention. Starting from the above explanation, many variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (43)
    [1]
    A concrete block for covering water-retaining embankments, comprising a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other, the base part forming the underside of the block and defining a supporting surface there, and the head part the upper side of the block wherein the concrete block has four circumferential sides enclosing substantially right angles to one another, the body portion being recessed on three circumferential sides in the horizontal direction with respect to the base part and the head portion on those circumferential sides to form a contiguous horizontal channel on those sides and the body part in the fourth peripheral side forms a substantially flat surface with the base part and the head part on that peripheral side, which flat surface is substantially perpendicular to the supporting surface, characterized in that the first peripheral side and the third peripheral side of the block connect to the fourth circumferential side and in the base part and in the head part a length seen in projection on a plane parallel to the support surface, which is greater than half the length of the fourth peripheral side.
    [2]
    A concrete block according to claim 1, wherein the first circumferential side and the third circumferential side of the block in the base part and in the head part have a length - seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface - which at least substantially corresponds to the length of the fourth circumferential side .
    [3]
    3. Concrete block as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the top part has a first, flat top surface connecting to the fourth circumferential side which is substantially parallel to the supporting surface and changes over to a second to a second transition location at a transition location from the fourth circumferential side second upper surface descending on the circumferential side, wherein the transition site is located directly above the concrete of the body part, wherein, preferably, the transition site is approximately straight, parallel to the fourth circumferential side.
    [4]
    Concrete block according to claim 3, wherein, viewed in top view and in a direction perpendicular to the fourth circumferential side, the length of the first top surface and the length of the second top surface are approximately equal.
    [5]
    A concrete block according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the second top surface in turn, in the direction towards the second peripheral side, becomes a more inclined third top surface.
    [6]
    Concrete block according to claim 3, 4 or 5, wherein the angle between the first top surface and the second top surface is between 5 and 45 degrees.
    [7]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the body part the greatest depth, seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface, of the channel in the first, second and third peripheral sides is approximately equal.
    [8]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the body part the greatest depth, seen in a plane parallel to the supporting surface, of the channel in the first, second and / or third peripheral sides is approximately% of the largest length of the relevant side .
    [9]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the channel is limited in downward direction by an upper surface of the base part that is parallel to the supporting surface.
    [10]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the head part in the second peripheral side is provided with a vertical passage, which is preferably located in the middle of the second peripheral side.
    [11]
    A concrete block according to claim 10, wherein the head part forms support parts on either side of the vertical passage for a subsequent identical block placed in use against the second circumferential side.
    [12]
    A concrete block according to claim 10 or 11, when dependent on any of claims 3-6, wherein the vertical passage changes in a rearward direction into an upper surface that rises in the rearward direction, in particular said second or third upper surface.
    [13]
    A concrete block according to claim 10, 11 or 12, when dependent on one of claims 3-6, wherein the first upper surface extends further in the forward direction in the side regions which are viewed on either side of the vertical passage viewed from the front view of the block. then in the area behind the vertical passage, in particular the first top surface in the side regions extending on either side of the second top surface located behind the vertical passage.
    [14]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in the second circumferential side the base part is provided with one or more vertical passages, the cross-sectional area of which decreases in downward direction.
    [15]
    A concrete block according to any one of claims 10-14, wherein at least some of the vertical passages in the base part are aligned with the vertical pass in the head part.
    [16]
    Concrete block as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the base part is provided on the second peripheral side with at least one vertical recess, which opens forwards and upwards and is bounded downwards by a threshold.
    [17]
    Concrete block according to claim 16, and according to one of claims 3, wherein the vertical recess is located in the middle of the second peripheral side, in particular below said central vertical passage in the second peripheral side of the head part.
    [18]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part on the first and third circumferential sides is respectively provided with first and third oblique, flat coupling surfaces which are complementarily shaped and have normal parts which have a relatively small vertical directional component, the first and third coupling surfaces are preferably perpendicular to the fourth peripheral side, wherein, preferably, the first and third coupling surfaces have a normal which makes an angle of +5 degrees and -5 degrees respectively with the supporting surface or the horizontal.
    [19]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part in the first and / or the third peripheral side is provided with a side recess which opens into the second peripheral side thereof.
    [20]
    Concrete block according to claims 18 and 19, wherein the first and second coupling surfaces are located between the side recesses and the fourth circumferential side.
    [21]
    Concrete block as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the base part on the first and third peripheral sides forms a space which is open to the rear and downwards by a threshold, which is open upwards, forwards and sideways.
    [22]
    A concrete block according to claims 19 and 21, wherein the thresholds are located between the side recesses and the fourth peripheral side.
    [23]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first / third and second / fourth peripheral sides are approximately 0.3 m and the height 0.15-0.55 m, preferably 0.25-0.35 m.
    [24]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part and the head part have a mutually equal length in the first and third peripheral sides.
    [25]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base part and the head part have a mutually equal length in the second and / or fourth peripheral sides.
    [26]
    A concrete block according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, in planes of section parallel to the support surface, the largest net sectional area in the head part is greater than 90% of the largest net sectional area in the base part.
    [27]
    A concrete block for covering banks, comprising a base part, a head part and a body or waist part joining these two together, the base part forming the bottom of the block and defining a supporting surface there, and the head part forming the top of the block wherein the concrete block has four circumferential sides enclosing substantially right angles to one another, wherein a recess is formed in three of the circumferential sides between the base part and the head part and the fourth circumferential side is flat, the recesses in said three circumferential sides merging into one another for formation of a U-shaped channel around the body part, the four sides having a substantially equal length.
    [28]
    A concrete block for covering water-retaining embankments, comprising a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other, the base part forming the underside of the block and defining a supporting surface there, and the head part the upper side of the block wherein the concrete block has four circumferential sides enclosing substantially right angles to one another, the body portion being recessed on three circumferential sides in the horizontal direction with respect to the base part and the head portion on those circumferential sides to form a contiguous horizontal channel on those sides and the body part in the fourth circumferential side forms a substantially flat surface with the base part and the head part on that circumferential side, which flat surface is substantially perpendicular to the support surface, the first side and the third circumferential side of the block connecting to the fourth side.
    [29]
    29. Cladding for the bank a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concrete blocks with the first and third peripheral sides in first, horizontal direction, parallel to the bank line, against each other are placed between the adjacent head parts and leave vertical passages between the space above the concrete blocks and the space below the head parts, in particular on the second peripheral sides of the concrete blocks.
    [30]
    Shoreline covering according to claim 29, wherein in at least a first area of the upper layer the concrete blocks are placed with the fourth peripheral sides facing the water.
    [31]
    A bank covering according to claim 29 or 30, wherein in at least a second area of the upper layer the concrete blocks are placed with the fourth peripheral sides away from the water.
    [32]
    The bank covering according to claim 31, wherein the first area on the slope is located in an area above the second area, viewed in a second direction which is transverse to the first direction.
    [33]
    The shoreline covering of claim 32, wherein the second region comprises the breakwater zone.
    [34]
    34. Cladding for the shore of a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks, which concrete blocks each comprise a base part, a head part and a body or waist part connecting these two to each other, the concrete blocks being in a first horizontal direction parallel to the bank line and placed next to each other in a second direction transversely to the first direction, wherein, viewed in the first and the second direction respectively, between the concrete blocks at the body parts second and first channels extending continuously in the second and first direction, respectively, wherein the largest cross-section of the second channels is larger than the largest cross-section of the first channels.
    [35]
    The embankment covering of claim 34, wherein the largest cross-section of the second channels is at least about 1.5 times larger than the largest cross-section of the first channels.
    [36]
    The embankment covering of claim 35, wherein the largest cross section of the second channels is at least about 2 times larger than the largest cross section of the first channels.
    [37]
    37. Shoreline covering according to claim 34, 35 or 36, wherein the concrete blocks are formed according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to one of claims 1-28.
    [38]
    38. Cladding for the bank of a surface water body, such as a channel, sea or lake, comprising an upper layer of concrete blocks, wherein the concrete blocks are placed next to each other in a first, horizontal direction parallel to the bank line and / or second direction transversely thereto , wherein the concrete blocks have an upper portion that forms an upright water interface, wherein in at least a first area of the upper layer the concrete blocks are placed with the upright water interfaces facing the water and in at least a second area of the upper layer the concrete blocks are placed with the upright impact surfaces turned away from the water, the first area on the slope being located in an area above the second area, viewed in the second direction.
    [39]
    The shoreline covering of claim 38, wherein the second region comprises the breakwater zone.
    [40]
    The embankment covering of claim 39, wherein the concrete blocks have a head part and a base part and define a channel system therebetween, wherein the concrete blocks between adjacent head parts release vertical passages between the space above the concrete blocks and the space below the head parts.
    [41]
    41. A bank covering according to claim 40, wherein the concrete blocks are formed according to the preamble of claim 1 or according to any one of claims 1-28, wherein the rising water surface is formed by the fourth peripheral side.
    [42]
    42. Shoreline covering provided with one or more of the characterizing measures described in the attached description and / or shown in the attached drawings.
    [43]
    43. Concrete block for slope cladding provided with one or more of the characterizing measures described in the attached description and / or shown in the attached drawings.
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    同族专利:
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    NL1041228B1|2016-01-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL1040727|2014-03-17|
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