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  • 专利说明
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  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    PURPOSE: A method and an apparatus for validating the accuracy of a flowmeter are provided to detect accuracy of the flowmeter in the field and to improve the test speed of the flowmeter. CONSTITUTION: A method for validating the accuracy of a flowmeter comprises steps of determining the calibration data of each sensing element(11,12); storing the calibration data in memory(26,27) in the flowmeter; applying a first predetermined stimulation to a first sensing element to make the first sensing element as an active sensing element; applying a second predetermined stimulation different from the first stimulation to a second sensing element so that the second sensing element functions as a reference sensing element; measuring the output of the first sensing element; measuring the output of the second sensing element; comparing the outputs of the first and second sensing elements to determine a first fluid flow rate past the sensing elements in the flow field; interchanging the functions of the first and second sensing elements; applying the first predetermined stimulation to the second sensing element; applying the second predetermined stimulation to the first sensing element; measuring the output of the second sensing element; measuring the output of the first sensing element; comparing the outputs of the second sensing element and the first sensing element to determine a second fluid flow rate past the sensing elements in the flow field; and comparing the determined first and second fluid flow rates.
    公开号:KR20040002359A
    申请号:KR1020020069014
    申请日:2002-11-08
    公开日:2004-01-07
    发明作者:제프리피. 딘；말콤엠. 맥퀸
    申请人:플루이드 콤포넌츠 아이엔티엘.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE FLOW METER ACCURACY {METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR VALIDATING THE ACCURACY OF A FLOWMETER}
    [12] The present invention relates generally to flow meters, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for verifying the accuracy of flow meters in the field.
    [13] There are many types of flow meters used to measure changes in fluid flowing through a myriad of size and shape conduits. Depending on the particular situation, the accuracy of the meter's output will vary from usable to important to critical. The accuracy of such a meter depends on the proper operation of the flow meter or other absence of signal generation in an active relationship with the fluid flowing entirely.
    [14] The sensors should be periodically checked for proper operation to verify that the flow meter is operating properly and providing accurate information. Where accuracy is extremely important, verification of sensor functionality is more frequent than when the flowmeter generally provides flow information that is useful but not usually important.
    [15] Verification of routine flowmeter calibrations and finding sources of information are key to current audit and adjustment needs. In the past, these tasks proved to be difficult, time-consuming and expensive. For example, in the water supply industry, the task may involve mechanical excavation and removal of the flow meter which disrupts the water supply to the community.
    [16] In general, there are two known methods of verifying the calibration of a flow meter. One is to separate the flowmeter from the process or installed location and send it to a trusted laboratory for verification. The other method is to install or connect the instrument under test to be bypassed with a reference flow measurement standard known to be potentially in series. This is field verification.
    [17] All of these methods are referred to as "wet" measurements on the meter under test or integral inspection from the sensor to the output.
    [18] In some devices it may be necessary to examine only selected portions of the signal path from the sensor to the output. For example, the transmitter electronics of a heat dissipating flow meter can be used to demonstrate the use of ten precision resistance boxes as a substitute for the heat flow member and from the differential resistance input to the current or other output relationship of the sensor or flow member portion of the transmitter. It can be checked by applying ten resistance boxes. This method is less desirable because it is relatively incomplete and generally only aggregates the flow member inputs.
    [19] Similarly, in order to determine whether the output corresponds exactly to the synthesized input signal pressure difference, an artificial differential pressure may be used, for example: venturi meter, pitot tube array, or meter flow member principle. It can be introduced into the orifice of the.
    [20] This partial approach is known as "dry" calibration. Although dry calibration is generally less accurate and less complete than wet calibration, dry calibration is cited in many cases because it is more convenient and cheaper than wet calibration. A major disadvantage of dry calibration is that dry calibration relies on composite input as described above without examining the certainty of the flow member input signal.
    [21] As explained earlier, the wet calibration process is expensive, inconvenient, time consuming and requires skilled workers to achieve good results. In general, as known, dry calibration is less accurate and not a useful option for all flow meters. Its biggest drawback is that it does not inspect the most vulnerable members of the system, namely the main members in the flow stream that are sensors or flow members.
    [1] 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of a flow meter in accordance with the present invention;
    [2] 2 is a block diagram showing another embodiment of a flow meter in accordance with the present invention.
    [3] 3 is an enlarged side view showing a preferred sensor installation in a conduit according to the present invention.
    [4] 4 is a graph showing an example of a change in resistance to fluid mass flow rate for the system of FIGS. 1 and 2.
    [5] 5 is a front view of the sensors of FIG. 3 in a typical operating environment.
    [6] 6 is a plan view showing the arrangement of FIG. 5 in a preferred embodiment according to the invention;
    [7] 7 is a front view of a sensor system based on sound waves;
    [8] FIG. 8A is a side view similar to FIG. 3 showing an alternative embodiment with a cleaning jet in connection with sensor members; FIG.
    [9] 8B is a plan view of the embodiment of FIG. 8A.
    [10] 9A and 9B show a flow meter based on a vortex sensor, with a vortex forming strut shown with the distal end facing up;
    [11] 10 shows several pairs of sensor members on a mast to illustrate a passage system using the principles of the present invention.
    [22] The invention provides, in its various embodiments, an apparatus and method for verifying the accuracy and calibration of a flow meter without having to remove some or all of the meters from the process and without adding a reference standard or other external device to any side of the meter. To provide. It is believed that sensor calibration control agents are likely to apply the method proposed in the present invention rather than "dry" inspection in most environments.
    [23] In a heat dissipating flow meter using heating sensor technology, for one embodiment using one heating sensor and one non-heated reference sensor, the sensor functions are exchanged, the measurement is made and the measured value is It is compared with the calibration data in memory. In another alternative embodiment, this technique may also use a single sensor that functions both as a heating sensor and a reference sensor on a time-dividing basis. Steady-state temperature differences or optionally transient temperature effects can be used for this purpose.
    [24] Other embodiments allow the sensor functions to be inspected without having to replace the functions of the sensors by using different levels of excitation or stimulation, and comparing the results with data in memory. This is most suitable because the two sensors are electrically different and connected to each other and cannot easily be replaced with each other. Often these heating sensor devices use a third temperature sensor which can be similarly used to achieve the required purpose, for example by using it in conjunction with sensors connected at different power levels.
    [25] There are several different types of temperature sensors used in flow meters. Among these are resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermocouples, thermopile, semiconductor junctions, thermistors, transistors, and diodes. Flow measurement methods other than the method using the thermal principle include sound waves (including ultrasonic waves), vortices, magnetism, differential pressure, Coriolis, positive displacement, and rotating vanes (turbines). All the embodiments disclosed and their equivalents function in accordance with the principles of the present invention and provide accuracy verification and verification of accurate, convenient and fast flowmeters.
    [26] The present invention enables the accurate and quick confirmation of the accuracy of the flow meter in the field. In various embodiments, the present invention enables switching, application of different stimulus levels, time allocation of one sensor or multiple sensors, or a combination thereof, to provide desirable test results. The present invention does not need to be disassembled and does not require an additional device to be temporarily coupled to the flowmeter for testing for verification.
    [27] Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in particular FIGS. 1, 3, 5 and 6.
    [28] In the block diagram of Fig. 1 an embodiment of a system according to the invention is shown. For the sake of explanation, assume that sensor A 11 and sensor B 12 are heat operated devices, such as Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs). As is well known, RTDs are often constructed in pairs of two sensors, one of which is an active sensor that is heated and the other of which is a reference sensor that is relatively or essentially unheated. Fluid flow past the sensors in the conduit causes heat diffusion from the active sensor. The differential temperature change ΔT is reflected as the differential resistance change ΔR. This steady state ΔT or ΔR refers to the instantaneous mass flow rate of the fluid or media in the conduit. Optionally, some flowmeters maintain a constant ΔT and measure the various powers required to keep ΔT constant with the flow rate indicator.
    [29] When a constant power is applied, ΔT or ΔR between the active sensor and the reference sensor will determine the mass flow rate from the above information. Of course, the type of fluid and its characteristics are known and included in the calculation. Optionally, as another method of determining the fluid flow by the flow meter, the temperature (resistance) derivative can be kept constant, and the steady state change in power determines the mass flow rate. Moreover, ΔT or ΔR can be changed as a function of flow rate by using constant power, constant current or constant voltage instead. There are side effects, mainly pressure and temperature, which may need to be accounted for in order to ensure that the operating conditions are accurately reflected. Other such operating conditions may include turbulence, high intensity sound waves and mechanical vibrations in the flowing medium. The power source 13 supplies power to the flow meter. The signal conditioner 14 generates power levels and signal types that may be needed for other members of the flow meter. The cross-connect circuit 15 provides the switching for the sensors 11, 12. The signal output from the sensors is fed back to the signal conditioner and the cross-correlation detector 16 via the cross-connect circuit. The signal processor 21 determines the mass flow rate based on the outputs from the sensors.
    [30] The power supply may provide the flow meter with an appropriate power level and type as determined by the signal conditioner. In general, the power supply is heated by supplying DC 20 to 42 V (VDC) to the sensors, and supplies rectified 5 VDC for digital logic. Although the 5 VDC is the current standard, the power supplied to the flowmeter elements can vary as needed. The power supply itself may be supplied from an alternating 115 or 230 V (VAC), or input power of 24 VDC.
    [31] In one embodiment according to the present invention, the signal conditioner 14 supplies 20 to 42 VDC with a constant current of 0.5 mA and one of the active sensors 11, 12 to power the reference sensor. It is configured to convert to a current of 20 mA for heating. The signal conditioner also provides 5 VDC for the remaining functions of the flow meter. The signal conditioner measures the voltages on the RTD sensors 11, 12 to determine the amount of voltage change ΔV. The ΔV is determined from the change in resistance (ΔR) at a constant current, which is proportional to ΔT if a basis for calculating the mass flow rate of the medium is included. A heating current of 20 mA is just one example and other stimuli can be used to achieve the desired result.
    [32] In another embodiment of the present invention, the signal conditioner 14 can operate on the sensors with a constant power source, where the current and voltage for the sensors can be changed. The signal conditioner includes an amplifier circuit that monitors the power VxI for each sensor and keeps the power constant. The change in current or voltage for the active sensor is related to the change in resistance (and thus the temperature change) and is therefore used to calculate the mass flow rate of the medium.
    [33] Another commonly used approach is to keep the differential temperature of the two RTDs constant. In this way the power changes as a function of flow rate. That is, as the flow rate increases, additional power is applied to the heated sensor to keep the temperature constant.
    [34] In this case the signal conditioner keeps ΔT constant. ΔR is also constant because the resistance and temperature relationships for RTDs are fixed. In order to keep ΔT and ΔR constant, both ΔV and ΔI, or power Δpower, form the basis for calculating the mass flow rate at any particular process temperature as a function of the power required to maintain a constant temperature change. Can be monitored to provide. These devices often use a third member with a fixed current or voltage to sense the process temperature. Also, the ΔT for any stimulus varies with process temperature, so it is necessary to compensate for this effect. This action is performed by the signal processor, discussed below.
    [35] As another alternative, the voltage can be kept constant, as opposed to the constant current scheme described above. When ΔV remains constant, the current changes with temperature change. ΔI provides the basis for determining the mass flow rate of this embodiment.
    [36] The previously described method for determining the mass flow rate of a flowing fluid is known to those of ordinary skill in the art of heating sensors. In the application, as discussed above, there are other means to compete with system service variables, which are different from flow rates including pressure and temperature. Whether the sensors 11 and 12 operate according to a constant current, a constant power, a constant differential temperature or a constant voltage, changing the role of the sensor applying the heating stimulus to that of the reference sensor and applying the non-heating stimulus to the active sensor It is possible to change to one.
    [37] When using a third sensor in this mode of operation, it is still possible to switch the roles of the three sensors.
    [38] The signal processor 21 may be a microprocessor, a circuit connection state machine, a digital signal processor or the like. Whether the sensor output measures ΔT, ΔI, ΔV or other means that can be used, the function of the signal processor is to calculate the mass flow rate of the medium from the sensor output. The operating instructions of the flow meter can be communicated to the signal processor by an entry or keypad 22. The local output from the flow meter can be shown on the display 23. Additional output is provided to the serial or parallel interface 24, which can drive external operations such as controlling the flow meter or modifying the process being monitored. For example, the output driver 25 can be used to drive an external indicator such as a display or a beep in light or sound.
    [39] During normal operation the flow meter shown in FIG. 1 activates the sensors while fluid flows through them. If the sensor 11 is an active sensor, a constant current is supplied in an appropriate manner to heat the active sensor to a predetermined temperature, and a much smaller constant current is applied to the sensor 12 without raising the temperature to a perceptible degree. It is supplied to activate. Optionally, a predetermined differential temperature ΔT (or differential resistance ΔR) is obtained between the sensors that is not a variable temperature for the sensor 11. During typical operation, when there is a fluid flow through the sensors, heat is dissipated from the active sensor 11 and the differential temperature decreases. At any time ΔT is interpreted by the signal processor 21 as the specific mass flow rate of the fluid or medium passing through the sensors. The flow meter then produces the proper output. When ΔT decreases, the flow meter shows an increase in mass flow rate because heat from the heated active sensor is more readily dissipated by the medium than the reference sensor, which is relatively unheated.
    [40] The calibration characteristic of the sensors 11, 12 is generated and stored in memory A and memory B. A typical calibration curve is shown in FIG. Assuming that the sensors are very similar but not identical, the curve 42 represents the calibration data of the sensor 11 and the curve 43 represents the calibration data of the sensor 12. The memories 26 and 27 may be separate members, that is, a single device, or may be included in the signal processor 21.
    [41] In order to check the operating accuracy of the flow meter, a cross-connection circuit or switch 15 is provided between the sensors 11, 12 and the signal conditioner 14. The switch 15 may be any suitable device, either electrical, mechanical or both, providing interchange or switching operations. According to the signal from the input device 22, the signal processor 21 sends a signal to the cross connection circuit 15 via the line 28 to change the function of the sensors 11, 12. Thus, the sensor 12 becomes an active or heating sensor and the sensor 11 becomes a reference sensor. The flow meter operates as before and outputs the mass flow rate of the monitored medium. Independent of being an output active sensor, if the mass flow rate indication is substantially the same as the flow rate under the sensed steady state conditions, the accuracy of the flow meter is ascertained. If there is a difference, a correction is required. What makes a significant difference is entirely up to the meter operator. One measurement of the critical difference becomes the standard of the device. The standard may be a 3% difference or for example a 10% difference. Signals may be generated when the specified criteria are exceeded, but the operator may choose to continue the process, generating a signal that a corrective action is needed or that the situation is ending, and wait for further inspection measurements to see if the detected difference grows. Can be.
    [42] When a signal from the input device 22 instructs the signal processor 21 to interchange sensor operation, the signal first goes to the cross correlation detector 16 and the mass flow rate for the sensors at initial operating conditions. Have the output logged. When writing, reference is made to the calibration data in the memories 26 and 27. For example, when the sensor 11 is heated and ΔR is approximately 350, the mass flow rate is approximately 30 standard feet per second (SFPS) according to the curve 42.
    [43] The functions of the sensors are interchanged with each other and the curve 43 represents the calibration data of the sensor 12 as an active sensor. Under the same flow conditions, ΔR in this case is approximately 355. And the same mass flow rate of approximately 30 SFPS.
    [44] Under typical operating conditions, 20 to 40 seconds (typically approximately 30 seconds), even at constant current, power, voltage, or temperature, while reading the readings to allow the heated sensor 11 to cool and the sensor 12 to heat up. There is a delay. When the flow rate is stable and constant after the thermal equilibrium of the sensor, it is a preferred method to confirm the process. If necessary, accuracy checks can be made for several different stable mass flow rates and process temperatures.
    [45] If there is a significant difference in mass flow rate output, or if a certain amount of media flow change is found for several seconds of the interval after reading the sensor function, readings of the readings, ensure that the sensor has exceeded the margin of error and should be removed from the measurement operation. The replacement can be reversed or the replacement can be repeated.
    [46] The signal confirming the accuracy may be based on time as programmed in the signal processor 21 as once every 24 hours, or may be based on an input initiated by an operator, for example with the keypad 22. have. Optionally, the signal confirming the accuracy of the flow meter can be applied according to the operator's initialization or timed function from the remote location via the serial or parallel interface 24.
    [47] Typically, for example in a gas pipe stack (FIGS. 3, 5 and 6), the sensors 11, 12 are installed in a mast 31 located in the stack 32. The mast 31 is generally inserted through an opening on one side of the stack 32 and lies across the stack 32. As shown, it may be secured to the other side of the stack. The diameter of the stack may be as small as 2 feet, as large as 30 feet. The sensors can be installed in a bracket 33 (FIG. 3) formed with the pressed platform 34. The sensors 11, 12 extend from the platform 34 in the form of thermowells. Typical thermowell dimensions are 0.08 inches in diameter and 0.63 inches in length. In this particular exemplary arrangement the mast 31 is approximately 2 inches in diameter. Electrical wires 35, 36 pass through the bore 37 in the bracket 33 and along the central bore 41 in the mast from the sensor members 11a, 12a in each thermowell 31. ) Extends to the electronic circuitry in the housing 42 at the end. The housing typically extends outward from the stack 32. While the media flow typically and preferably traverses the thermowells (inward or outward relative to the ground in FIG. 3), the sensors can operate at any angle to the sensors in the direction of the media flow. Thus, the flow direction relationship with respect to the thermowells has a 360 ° flexibility. That is, the direction of flow includes any direction in which the medium affects the thermowells, including into or out of the ground of FIG. 3, or from the top of the ground to the bottom and vice versa (axial direction of the thermowell). Direction. It has been found that useful flow rate measurements are possible even when the thermowells point directly downstream of the medium flow direction. It is only necessary to calibrate the sensor members at a selected angle at any angle throughout the entire 360 °. In a preferred position the sensor axis is arranged in the flow so as to cross the flow direction or optionally the flow is in the direction of the axis of the thermowells. The support structure (mast 31) here acts as a rain gutter. It is desirable in some circumstances for the mast to point downstream of the sensors so that the mast can act as a shield to reduce the effects of corrosion.
    [48] As shown, two or more sensor sets may be in one mast and two or more masts may be installed in the immediate vicinity of the stack. Two masts are shown at right angles. However, the two masts can be at any angle necessary with respect to each other, and one, two or more such masts can be used. The two masts may be at different locations along the height of the stack. Similar arrangements may be used in some fluid flow ducts or conduits, and the diameter or internal dimension may be less than 2 feet or greater than 30 feet. The duct may be square, rectangular or any other shape in cross section. Although a thermowell is shown, the sensors do not necessarily need to be installed in the thermowell. In some cases it is desirable to install temperature (or other forms) of sensors on a flat surface to be exposed to a flowing medium with or without protrusions such as pins.
    [49] The flow meter shown in FIG. 2 operates similarly to that shown in FIG. 1 except that it uses one sensor. The sensor 51 is operated in a time allocation manner. And here the sensor 51 is a heating sensor for a predetermined short time and is not essentially cooled. Alternatively, the sensor 51 is a reference sensor for a predetermined short time. Instead of replacing sensor functionality in this embodiment, signal conditioner 14 and signal processor 21 apply different stimuli or different stimulus levels to sensor 51. At two different conditions or stimulus levels, the sensor's characteristic data is stored in memories 26 and 27 and may take the form of curves 42 and 43 shown in FIG.
    [50] In normal operation the sensor 51 is initially powered but essentially not heated and its resistance is indicated by the signal processor 21. The sensor is then heated by a first stimulus or a current of, for example, 15 mA. And the measured ΔR enables the flow meter to provide a mass flow rate output. Cross correlation detector 16 stores the output in memory A26 with a reference to the calibration data. After a short time (eg 20 to 40 seconds) that the stimulus is removed and the temperature of the sensor returns to ambient temperature, another reference measurement is made. At this time, a second different stimulus level, for example 20 mA, acts on the sensor 51 and the mass flow rate is once again determined according to the curve of the memory B27. If the measured mass flow rate is substantially the same as determined by the cross-correlation detector, it is certain that the sensor 51 is operating normally. The more these measurements are made, the greater the level of confidence that flow rate calibration is confirmed. In fact, the entire flow rate curve at zero flow rates as well as at low flow rates can be examined for identification at any or all flow rates. It is desirable for the mass flow rate and the medium temperature to be constant at any flow rate for identification purposes.
    [51] As an alternative verification method, it is possible to use two sensors as shown in FIG. 1 and do not replace the functions of the sensors while verifying the accuracy of the flow meter. Assuming the sensor 11 is an active sensor, the sensor 11 can be heated by, for example, a first stimulus level of 15 mA. The calibration characteristics of the sensor 11 at 15 mA stimulation may be stored in memory A 26. Sensor 12 is powered but not stimulated for increased temperature. It may then be determined by other means that the flow rate is constant and the sensor 11 is heated by a second stimulus level, such as 20 mA. The response characteristic of the sensor 11 at 20 mA stimulus is stored in the memory B 27. The cross correlation detector 16 operates as described above and determines whether the output of the sensor 11 is within error limits at two different stimulus levels so that the flow meter provides a sophisticated “wet” mass flow rate output. This method requires a shorter time to reach higher temperatures than when the heating sensor replaces the sensor action. Shorter time intervals allow the mass flow rate and other factors to remain constant during the verification process. In order to obtain the most sophisticated results with a single test, all verifications must take place over short time intervals where the process conditions are known, constant or nearly constant.
    [52] In the exemplary description above, the main example is RTDs, and it is generally assumed that the flow sensor is thermal-differential-principle. Other thermal principles of sensors can be used in place of the RTDs described earlier. These alternatives include thermocouples, thermopiles, semiconductor junctions, thermistors, transistors and diodes. Many other types of sensors can be used in a similar fashion in flowmeters. Moreover, in this embodiment where there are two sensor members that are functionally interchangeable, the sensor members are preferably essentially identical. But not necessarily. According to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the operating characteristics of two sensors with different characteristics can be stored in memory and calibrated to provide equivalent flow rate measurements, whether they are sensors that are stimulated or reference sensors. . Moreover, the principles of the present invention described herein may be affected when one sensor or another sensor is stimulated to a second level.
    [53] Doppler sound wave systems can be used, an example of which is described in FIG. 7. A radiator 55, such as a piezoelectric crystal, is installed on the wall 58, which continuously propagates sound wave signals diagonally across the conduit 56 to a similar receiver 57. The amount of frequency change between the emitted sound wave signal and the received sound wave signal determines the speed of the flow. This frequency change can be used for accuracy review checks. If the flow of the medium 61 is directed towards the radiator against the linear member of the radiated signal 62, the frequency of the signal at the receiver is reduced due to the Doppler effect. The higher the speed, the lower the frequency, and the slower the fluid velocity in the direction of signal transmission, the higher the frequency. The Doppler effect can be used to indicate an increase or decrease in flow rate, and is particularly effective for the following accuracy checking purposes.
    [54] The roles of the radiator and receiver are reversed or interchanged in the same manner as described with respect to FIG. 1 for inspection. The difference is that the medium flows with the linear component of the sonic signal, so that the receiver senses a higher frequency than it radiates. For reversed deployments, the media speed is increased to increase the frequency and the media speed is reduced to reduce the Doppler effect frequency.
    [55] As before, the sensor and media properties are known and stored in the flowmeter memory. Proper correlation is reviewed by examining that the sensors essentially provide the same information depending on the flow rate for the radiator or receiver, and the accuracy of the flow meter is determined. A change to the accuracy check of the radiator / receiver replacement principle is that it uses two different frequencies and does or does not switch radiator / receiver functions. This is similar to using other signal levels in a thermal principle flow meter. The characteristics of the emitter / receiver pair are stored in memory, for example at 100 kHz and 200 kHz. Appropriate frequencies may be used. The emitter is stimulated to emit a 100 kHz signal and the mass flow rate is determined. The radiator is then stimulated to emit a 200 kHz signal and the mass flow rate is determined. If the flow rates determined in this way are essentially the same, the flow meter is operating properly and accurately measuring the flow rates. Again, the radiator characteristics for other frequencies are stored in memory.
    [56] Other sound wave systems may apply the concept of phase shift. When using a phase shift system, as in the Doppler system, the active sensor element, i.e., the emitter, is controlled by a signal conditioner and a signal processor. The phase shift sensed by the reference sensor element, ie the receiver, indicates the speed of the medium. Increasing or decreasing the flow rate causes a change in the amount of phase shift of the received signal.
    [57] When the sensors are inspected as in a Doppler system, the radiator and receiver functions are replaced and the phase shift change is also reversed.
    [58] Another optional sensing system is an ultrasonic meter that uses a change in propagation time while sound waves propagate through a flowing medium. This is calibrated by inverting the sonic signal so that the sound source is the receiver of the signal. The difference in propagation time (ie, pulse repetition rate) represents the flow rate. As described above, the same kind of interrelationship is obtained. Optionally, additional sound sources and receivers can be installed on the other side. A switch may connect the sound source and the receiver to a signal processor.
    [59] If it is desired to review the accuracy of the thermal flow meter in the absence of media flow, such as immediately before the start of the process and immediately after installation of the flow meter, a calibrated cleaning jet or nozzle towards the sensor element may be used. A preferred embodiment of a thermowell with a cleaning jet is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. FIG. 8A is similar to FIG. 3, where the mast 31 has a central bore 41 and thermowells 11, 12. The closed tube 64 is configured to have a slit 65 which emits a gas of a predetermined velocity impinging on the side of the thermowell. The plan view of FIG. 8B shows how the gas jets face the thermal well. Media flow is indicated by arrow 65. Although only two cleaning jet tubes are shown, more than two cleaning jet tubes may be used, especially where there are many stacked fly ashes. Such jets are sometimes installed with the flow meter for the purpose of cleaning soot, fly ash or other contaminants from the heat transfer surface of the sensor member. These can be used periodically to clean the sensors in a conventional manner, preferably for the purpose of accurate inspection. The cleaning jets can emit air or any suitable gas, or liquid with suitable conditions.
    [60] The cleaning jet is calibrated to provide known stimuli to the sensors. The sensor output is compared with calibration data in memory to determine operating accuracy. This method results in an additional flow rate from the cleaning jet, which is known. The cleaning jet may be formed to have one or more flow rates. With the properties of the sensors stored in memory, one can examine by stimulating the active sensor at two or more different flow rates from the cleaning jet. The output is compared as described previously.
    [61] Although the above-described cleaning jet has been described as being used to check accuracy when no medium flows in the conduit, it can be used as an additional stimulus even in the presence of conventional medium flow. Since this is a calibrated additional stimulus, the flow meter electronics can consider and review its accuracy without replacing the sensor function.
    [62] In addition, a vortex system can be used as the mass flow sensor, and the principles of the present invention can be applied to this type of sensor system. The vortex principle sensor is provided with a strain gauge on or in the struts arranged across the flow stream. The frequency of movement of the strain gauge is proportional to the flow rate. Other vortex sensors, such as temperature sensors, are often used.
    [63] As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the eddy current sensor may be formed to have a different shape according to the media flow. Strut 71 is shown in FIG. 9A with a strain gauge 72 therein. Such strain gauges are known. Media flow in the conduit 74 constrained by the wall 73 is indicated by arrow 75.
    [64] The struts 71 are shown with their ends facing outwards, and from the appropriate openings of the walls 73, the struts 71 extend the conduit by a distance determined by the diameter of the given conduit, the type of media and the general flow range of the media flowing through it. Extend across.
    [65] When performing an accuracy check, the strut 71 can be rotated 180 °, for example as shown in FIG. 9B. If the shape is different, the stress or frequency of movement detected by the strain gauge or other type of vortex sensor is different. The characteristic data of the struts in each posture is stored in memory and the inspection process is as described above. Wherein the flowmeter outputs are interconnected to determine what inconsistencies there are in the optional measurements. The change in magnetic pole in this embodiment is the rotation of the vortex strut. Although one vortex strut is shown, two struts may be used in the same conduit, ie flow path. One lies in the same direction as shown in FIG. 9A with respect to the flow path, and the other lies in the direction shown in FIG. 9B. Each measurement can be compared. Optionally the struts are rotated 180 ° each to point in the opposite direction to the flow direction during flowmeter performance verification. Of course, conventional steps are taken to initially store the operating characteristics related to the memory for comparison.
    [66] In addition, in the above-described cleaning jet embodiment, a vortex meter to which an additional known stimulus is applied may be used.
    [67] The medium flow sensing member may also be constructed on the turbine principle. Here the rotational member provides flow rate information that is converted into useful data in the meter electronics. In addition, the sensing member in the form of a turbine can be verified its performance by using the air or gas jet described above. The jet injects a predetermined gas flow against the turbine member. This allows the output of the turbine sensors to be correlated with their characteristic data in memory.
    [68] Orifices, pitot tubes and Venturi sensors can likewise be stimulated in the manner described above for flow stimulation.
    [69] A system for verifying the performance of a flow meter on a thermal principle is illustrated in FIG. 10. The mast 81 is provided with several A and B pairs of sensors 82, 83, 84. The surrounding sensing member may individually or on average supply non-heated signals for use by the sensing element under test. For example, to inspect the active sensing member 83, the stimulated or heated member 83a is paired or compared with the non-irritating or non-heating member 82b providing ΔR 1 . The heating member 83a is then compared with the non-heating member 82a providing ΔR 2 . All useful property data is stored in memory as before. A comparison is made between ΔR 1 and ΔR 2 to confirm that the active sensing member 83a is operating properly.
    [70] An alternative method for identification is as follows.
    [71] (Heated 83b)-½ {(unheated 82a) + (unheated 84a)} = ΔR 3
    [72] (Heated 83a)-½ {(unheated 82a) + (unheated 84a)} = ΔR 4
    [73] Where ΔR 3 and ΔR 4 are compared to see if the members are working properly. Of course, other combinations may be used to examine any of the members of the mast 81, such as by comparing the average of the member 83 and the member 82 and the member 84 that are stimulated. It is possible for a large number (eg 16) members to be used, such as the member 83 and for the member 83 to be compared with any combination of various outputs. Again, varying but known stimulus levels can be applied as described above.
    [74] It should be noted that the current, power or voltage acting on the sensor of the thermal principle generates heat. However, other types of sensors have been described using the term "stimulation" in connection with the active sensors disclosed herein. Thus, sound wave or ultrasonic sensors are stimulated by some type of signal to emit and receive a predetermined sound wave signal. An optional cleaning jet is another type of stimulus used to check the accuracy of the sensors. It should be noted that some source of stimulation of the sensors originates from the inside, that is, the RTD is heated by a current passing through the resistance member or by a separately thermally connected heat source. Others apply externally, such as cleaning jet systems. In the sonic system the radiator and receiver generate and receive signals of different frequencies depending on the characteristics of the stimulus signal from the signal conditioner and signal processor. There is no difference in the power levels applied or heat dissipated in alternative systems.
    [75] It is evident that the flowmeter accuracy verification systems of the various embodiments according to the present invention are suitable for use, very accurate and useful in “wet” inspection. No additional member is provisionally connected into the flowmeter for inspection purposes and does not require another member to be separated. Simply pre-calibrate the sensors so that their calibration characteristics can be stored in a memory in the flow meter electronics, provide an appropriate replacement, switching or optional signal, and the sensor outputs in two test modes It only needs to be compared. These features speed up and simplify the flow meter's inspection with confidence that you can be confident.
    [76] The term "periodic" has been used in reference to conducting an accuracy check of the flow meter. This means that the checks are made occasionally and regularly time-based, or irregularly, as determined by the operator and controlled by the operation of stored programs or entries / keypads.
    [77] The sensor and sensors have been shown as being relatively close to the flow meter control and electronics in the housing 42 (FIGS. 5 and 6). It is likewise possible for any or all members of the flow meter to be located far away from the conduit and the sensors or other signal generating members in an active relationship with the flowing medium. The signals can be wired and wirelessly coupled. Any kind of power source can be used to excite the active sensor and the power source can be provided on its own or provided separately.
    [78] The method and apparatus for confirming the accuracy of a flow meter according to the invention is also useful as a diagnostic tool for flow meters. The time rate of the flow meter change, ie its transient response, can be applied to determine the degree of damage of the thermowell or other type of sensing members located in the flow field. For heat dissipation sensors, it is not common for heat-sensitive heat transfer surfaces to be coated with flying particles (usually in the form of flying ash). When this happens, the occurrence can be detected by its transient response or rate of change as the sensing member is heated or as the temperature is reduced by the heat being dissipated by the flowing medium. As the damaging material accumulates, ΔT or ΔR decreases more slowly and increases faster than when the sensors were not coated.
    [79] In current heat dissipation mechanisms, three sensor elements (one that accurately measures temperature) can be used with various stimulation means, and electrical characteristics such as electrical resistance can be substantially different. The three members can be stimulated in any manner or in any combination and for various time rates of stimulus change, and the time rate of signal change can be used to determine the mass flow rate or time rate of mass flow rate change. Two or more such sensor members can be connected in such a way as to operate as one sensor, and the characteristics of each individual sensor cannot be determined. Any of the described optional methods of reviewing certainty can be applied for sensor placement.
    [80] This operational inspection does not require removal of the flow meter and does not require any additional or replacement member that is provisionally connected to the flow meter for inspection. The electronic part of the flow meter itself has some extra member. However, these are not physically replaced when functioning and testing within the operating range of the meter. When applying one embodiment described above or any combination of the embodiments, one may be more certain about the utility of the flow meter.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] A method of verifying the accuracy of a flow meter having two or more sensing members arranged to detect fluid flow in a flow field,
    Determine calibration data of each sensing member;
    Store the calibration data in a memory of the flow meter;
    Applying a predetermined first magnetic pole to the first sensing member, using the first sensing member as the active sensing member;
    Applying a predetermined second magnetic pole different from the first magnetic pole to the second sensing member such that the second sensing member acts as a reference sensing member;
    Measure an output of the first sensing member;
    Measure an output of the second sensing member;
    Compare the outputs of the first and second sensing members to determine a first fluid flow rate through the sensing members in the flow field;
    Interchange the functions of the first and second sensing members;
    Applying a predetermined first magnetic pole to the second sensing member;
    Applying a predetermined second magnetic pole to the first sensing member;
    Measure an output of the second sensing member;
    Measure an output of the first sensing member;
    Compare the outputs of the second and first sensing members to determine a second fluid flow rate through the sensing members in the flow field;
    Comparing the determined first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow rate.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a correlation between the first and second fluid flow rates in relation to calibration data stored in the memory.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] The flow meter of claim 1, wherein the flow meter includes a plurality of sensing members, the second sensing member consisting of two or more sensing members, each stimulated by a predetermined second stimulus:
    Compare the output of the first sensing member with the output of one second sensing member;
    Compare the output of the first sensing member with the output of the other second sensing member;
    Interconnecting the compared outputs to confirm the accuracy of the flow meter.
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] A method of verifying the accuracy of a flow meter having two or more sensing members arranged to detect fluid flow in a flow field,
    Determine calibration data of each sensing member;
    Store the calibration data in a memory of the flow meter;
    Applying a predetermined first magnetic pole to the first sensing member, using the first sensing member as the active sensing member;
    Applying a predetermined second magnetic pole different from the first magnetic pole to the second sensing member such that the second sensing member acts as a reference sensing member;
    Measure an output of the first sensing member;
    Measure an output of the second sensing member;
    Compare the outputs of the first and second sensing members to determine a first fluid flow rate through the sensing members in the flow field;
    Applying a predetermined third stimulus different from the first and second stimuli to the first sensing member such that the first sensing member becomes an active sensing member for different levels of stimuli;
    Applying a predetermined second magnetic pole to the second sensing member;
    Measure an output of the first sensing member to the predetermined third magnetic pole;
    Measure an output of the second sensing member;
    Compare the outputs of the first and second sensing members to determine a second fluid flow rate through the sensing members in the flow field;
    Comparing the determined first fluid flow rate and the second fluid flow rate.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] A method of verifying the accuracy of a flow meter with one or more sensing elements arranged to sense fluid flow in a flow field,
    Prepare a first calibration data set for the sensing member at the first stimulus level applied;
    Prepare a second calibration data set for the sensing member at a second applied stimulus level that is different from the first applied stimulus level;
    Store the first and second calibration data sets in a memory;
    Install the sensor member in a flow field;
    Measure an output of the sensing member when a third stimulus level is applied to a reference sensor;
    Stimulating the sensing member by applying a first stimulus level;
    Measure the output of the sensing member when a first stimulus level is applied;
    Compare the output of the sensor for the third stimulus level with the output of the sensing member stimulated by the first stimulus level to determine a first fluid flow rate through the sensing member in the flow field;
    Again when the third stimulus level is applied to a reference sensor, measuring the output of the sensing member;
    Stimulating the sensing member by applying a second stimulus level;
    Measure the output of the sensing member when a second stimulus level is applied;
    Compare the output of the sensor with respect to the third stimulus level with the output of the sensing member stimulated by the second stimulus level to determine a first fluid flow rate through the sensing member in the flow field;
    And comparing the first and second fluid flow rates determined in this way.
    [6" claim-type="Currently amended] 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising determining a correlation between the first and second fluid flow rates in relation to calibration data stored in the memory.
    [7" claim-type="Currently amended] A device for checking the accuracy of flow meters placed to detect fluid flow in a flow field.
    Two or more sensing members provided in the flow field;
    A source for selectively providing a stimulus to the sensing member;
    A switch for selectively coupling the stimulation source and the sensing member;
    A memory in which calibration characteristics of each sensing member are stored;
    Means for measuring the output of each sensing member;
    A first comparator that compares the transient and steady state outputs of each sensing member with respective calibration characteristics stored in memory, both when transient and steady stimulated and relatively less stimulated;
    Means for determining a fluid flow rate through each sensing member in the flow field when one sensor is stimulated; And
    And a second comparator for comparing the determined fluid flow rate with the transient output of the stimulated sensing member.
    [8" claim-type="Currently amended] 8. The apparatus of claim 7, further comprising a correlator for verifying the accuracy of the flow meter based on the flow rate indicated by each of said sensing members.
    [9" claim-type="Currently amended] A device for checking the accuracy of flow meters placed to detect fluid flow in a flow field.
    One or more sensing members provided in the flow field;
    A stimulus feeder adapted to selectively provide stimulation to said sensing member at a predetermined different stimulus level;
    A switch for selectively coupling the stimulus feeder and the sensing member at discrete stimulus levels;
    A memory storing calibration characteristics of the sensing member at each stimulus level;
    Means for measuring the output of the sensing member at any time in a transient or steady state;
    A first comparator that, when stimulated or stimulated by applying different levels of stimulation, compares the output of the sensing member with respective calibration characteristics stored in a memory;
    Means for determining a fluid flow rate through the sensor to which each stimulus level is applied; And
    And a second comparator for comparing the determined fluid flow rates.
    [10" claim-type="Currently amended] 10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a correlator that verifies the accuracy of the flow meter based on fluid flow rate determined by applying different stimulus levels to the sensing member.
    [11" claim-type="Currently amended] A device for checking the accuracy of flow meters placed to detect fluid flow in a flow field.
    Two or more sensing members provided in the flow field;
    A source for selectively providing the sensing member with some other level of stimulation;
    A memory in which calibration characteristics of each sensing member are stored;
    Means for measuring the output of each said sensing member for a predetermined different stimulus level;
    A first comparator that compares the output of each sensing member with respective calibration characteristics stored in a memory, both when transient and steady and relatively less stimulated;
    Means for determining a fluid flow rate through each sensing member in the flow field when one sensor is stimulated; And
    And a second comparator for comparing the determined fluid flow rates.
    [12" claim-type="Currently amended] 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a correlator for verifying the accuracy of the flow meter based on the flow rate indicated by each of said sensing members.
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2002-06-25|Priority to US10/179,630
    2002-06-25|Priority to US10/179,630
    2002-11-08|Application filed by 플루이드 콤포넌츠 아이엔티엘.
    2004-01-07|Publication of KR20040002359A
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US10/179,630|US6843110B2|2002-06-25|2002-06-25|Method and apparatus for validating the accuracy of a flowmeter|
    US10/179,630|2002-06-25|
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