• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The reconstruction antenna allows for dynamic reconstruction of several antenna parameters. In particular the invention is an antenna comprising a plurality of surface PIN devices arranged in a grid array. Each SPIN device can be individually activated or deactivated. When the SPIN device is activated, the surface of the device injects a carrier, such as a plasma, generated in the intrinsic region of the device. The plasma may be sufficiently conductive to create features such as conductors or metals at the surface of the device. Various devices of the SPIN can be activated to electronically paint conductive patterns on the substrate supporting the PIN device. Despite the selective activation of the SPIN device, various surface antenna characteristics can be generated on substrates including antennas such as dipoles, cross dipoles, loop antennas, Yagi-Uda type antennas, logarithmic antennas, and the like. In addition, the SPIN device grating can optionally be activated to produce a holographic antenna. In a holographic antenna, the SPIN device is activated to produce a simulated metallic pattern caused by surface RF waves transmitted on the substrate from the surface mounted on the dipole antenna. Surface waves cause specific antenna patterns, depending on the shape of the activated SPIn device. Changing the pattern of the holographic antenna element causes beam steering and / or frequency adjustment of the antenna.
    公开号:KR20030015214A
    申请号:KR1020027012323
    申请日:2001-03-20
    公开日:2003-02-20
    发明作者:알리 팻시；스테왈트 엠. 페로우；아르예 로센；고든 씨. 테일러；스리다르 카나말루루；모니엠 아이셔비니
    申请人:사르노프 코포레이션；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Reconstruction Antenna {RECONFIGURABLE ANTENNA}
    [2] Detecting, positioning, identifying and characterizing electromagnetic (EM) signal types with low blocking rates is an increasingly difficult problem. In general, EM signals with low blocking rates are transmitted by opposing sources and therefore use various methods to reduce the preference of the signals. Such methods include frequency hopping, multiple signal polarization, and spread spectrum coding techniques. Also, the location of such signal sources is not fixed and can change very quickly. The number of sources or EM signals that need to be positioned and tracked can also vary depending on certain factors.
    [3] Broadband antennas are generally needed to track such EM signals. Frequency independent antennas such as spiral antennas and quasi frequency independent antennas such as log periodic antennas are very large and their use in antenna arrays is very limited. In addition, adaptive arrays using such broadband devices will require a feed structure integrated into a real time delay network to obtain multiple beams and beam scans. Such feeding networks are difficult to design and expensive to implement.
    [4] Therefore, in the present technology, the conversion antenna needs the ability to perform dynamic reconstruction in the form of operating frequency, polarization, bandwidth, number of beams and spatial directions of the beams, and radiation patterns without requiring a complicated feeding network.
    [1] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to antenna systems, and in particular, the present invention relates to reconfigurable antennas.
    [7] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
    [8] The accompanying drawings show only embodiments of the invention, but are equally applicable to other embodiments and do not limit the scope thereof.
    [9] The invention can be more readily understood by the detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
    [10] 1 shows a plan view of a reconstruction antenna according to the present invention.
    [11] FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of a dipole antenna dipole antenna generated by configuring the reconstruction antenna of FIG. 1.
    [12] 3 illustrates a plan view of a loop antenna generated by configuring the reconstruction antenna of FIG. 1.
    [13] 4 shows an ideal holographic metallization pattern for a holographic antenna.
    [14] FIG. 5 shows an array approximation for the holographic pattern of FIG. 4.
    [15] 6 shows a top view of a holographic antenna.
    [16] FIG. 7 shows a side view of the holographic antenna of FIG. 6.
    [17] 8 shows an exploded perspective view of the holographic antenna.
    [18] 9 shows an array pattern for a particular holographic antenna.
    [19] FIG. 10 illustrates the radiation pattern generated by the array pattern of FIG. 6.
    [20] 11 shows an array pattern for a particular holographic antenna.
    [21] 12 illustrates a radiation pattern for the array pattern of FIG. 8.
    [5] The inconvenience associated with the prior art is overcome by a reconstruction antenna which allows for dynamic reconstruction of several antenna parameters. Specifically, the present invention is an antenna comprising a plurality of surface PIN (SPIN) devices arranged in a grid array. Each SPIN device in the array can be activated or deactivated individually. When the SPIN device is activated, a carrier, such as a plasma, is generated in the intrinsic region of the SPIN device at the surface of the device. The plasma is sufficiently conductive to produce such properties as conductors or metals on the surface of the device. Various SPIN devices in the SPIN device array can be activated to electronically "paint" the conductive pattern on the substrate supporting the SPIN device. Despite the selective activation of the SPIN device, various surface antenna patterns can be created on the substrate, including dipoles, cross dipoles, loop antennas, Yagi-Uda type antennas, logarithmic periodic antennas, and the like.
    [6] In addition, the SPIN device array can be selectively activated to create a holographic antenna. In the holographic antenna, the SPIN device is activated to generate a holographic metallization pattern. The pattern is caused by surface RF waves transmitted to the substrate from a surface mounted radiator, such as a surface mounted dipole antenna. The surface wavelength results in a specific antenna pattern depending on the shape of the pattern generated by the activated SPIN device. The change in the pattern of the SPIN device steers the beam of the antenna radiation pattern.
    [22] 1 shows a plan view of a reconstruction antenna 100 comprising a plurality of surface PIN (SPIN) devices 102 fabricated as an array 101 on a substrate 104. As shown in detail 1B of FIG. 1, each SPIN device 102 includes a P + region 104 and an N + region 108 separated by an intrinsic region 106. Conductive contact surface 110 is provided for P + region 104 and conductive contact surface 112 is provided for N + region 108. These contact surfaces 110 and 112 provide a contact for the DC bias voltage used to activate and deactivate the respective SPIN device. Each device in the array has such a contact that each device can be individually activated and deactivated. One technique for fabricating a surface PIN device array is disclosed in detail in the same U.S. patent application (agent Docket No. SAR 14191) and incorporated herein by reference.
    [23] In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in detail 1B of FIG. 1, a plurality of SPIN devices 102 are arranged in a row, and adjacent SPIN devices are each connected by conducting regions (metal bridges) 118. P + region and N + region 104 and 108. As above, the "last" P + and N + regions 114 and 116 have contact surfaces 110 and 112. Contact surfaces 110 and 112 are individually connected to the positive and negative terminals of the DC power supply to activate all series connected to the SPIN device 102. The number of SPIN devices 102 connected in this manner is defined as one pixel 120 having a "pixel" resolution for the antenna generated by the activated SPIN device 102. In another embodiment of the present invention, another coupling coupling of the SPIN device is used to define a "pixel" that includes parallel and serial / parallel coupling. Such an arrangement reduces the number of connection loads or pins required to supply a DC bias to the array 101.
    [24] 2 shows a top view of an antenna 100 configured to produce a dipole antenna 200. Dipole antenna 200 is to generate a plurality of SPIN device 202 through (8 202), as the respective half-dipole antenna 200 having a quarter-wave length sikimeuroseo activation. RF source 208 is applied to a SPIN device (202 4, 202 5) innermost. If the frequency of the RF source 208 changes, the dipole 200 can be lengthened by activating additional SPIN devices, such as 202 0 and 202 9 and the last SPIN device 202 1 and 202 8. You can reduce the length by disabling). As such, dipole 200 can be dynamically reconfigured to accumulate various frequency sources.
    [25] Similarly, FIG. 3 shows a dipole loop antenna 300 configured by activating various SPIN devices to form a loop shaped structure on the surface of the substrate 104. RF sources are applied at the loop ends in SPIN devices 302 and 304.
    [26] In a similar manner, other antenna structures, including antenna arrays such as Yagi-Uda antenna arrays and log periodic antenna arrays, can be fabricated by activating and deactivating certain SPIN devices. Grouping the activated devices behaves like a metallization pattern on the surface of the substrate, such as some activation device regions that can be driven with RF voltage while other devices operate as reflector elements or aimer elements within the antenna structure. In this manner, any surface mount antenna structure may be created at the substrate 104 by activating and deactivating various devices or combinations with respect to the SPIN device 102 of the array 101.
    [27] lizuca et al. ("Volume-type Holographic Antenna", American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Transmission and Radio Wave Propagation, November 1975, pp. 807-810) indicate that holographic metal plates can be used as beam-shaped antennas. Is known. Such a metal plate may allow the distribution of the desired aperture through the hologram to be guided by a given light source incident from the mains supply. Generally at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies, the hologram can be approximated by a suitable metallization pattern engraved on the printed circuit board. In general, the use of a metal pattern will allow a close approximation of the desired phase distribution through the entire aperture. The paper lizuca et al. describes that the antenna constitutes a holographic metal plate with a metallic pattern revealed by a square wave generated from a horn antenna. In this case the holographic pattern constitutes a set of concentric rings arranged one wavelength apart from the other. When the metal plate is revealed by a square wave radiated from the horn opening surface, the wavelengths scattered from the metal ring produce two beams that move relative to the metal plate surface in opposite directions, ie the actual image and its pair are reconstructed alone in graphic form. Have the same wavelength (the same wavelength phase plane). When two metal plates are used in parallel arrangement, the second metal plate and its spacing can be designed in such a way that the reverse radians are canceled and the forward radians are reinforced. For example, if the metal plates are arranged one quarter wavelength apart, the metal ring on the second metal plate has a radius larger by one quarter wavelength than the first metal plate. Desired interference patterns can be obtained.
    [28] Forming the beam is possible by modifying the metallization pattern of the metal plate. The arrangement of the metal plates can also be adjusted to obtain a specific radiation pattern.
    [29] 4 shows a top view of an ideal hologram pattern 400 for a particular antenna type. The antenna operates at 35 GHz and produces a Gaussian beam with a beam width of 3 degrees. This transmittance pattern is generated using a continuous level such that light bars 402 represent conductive regions and dark bars 406 represent non-conductive regions. The power supply is provided around the reference 404.
    [30] 5 shows a binary representation 500 of the pattern of FIG. 4. The binary representation is generated by a plurality of lines of the SPIN device (shown in more detail at 502) described above with reference to FIG. Such a device 504 is sized to define a right-angled planar shape with a size of each SPIN device small in proportion to the RF wavelength length used to cause the antenna, i.e., approximately 50 microns in width by 100 microns in length. The white rows of device 504 are active devices and the black rows 506 are inactive devices. By selectively activating or deactivating the device, the hologram pattern 400 of FIG. 4 is close to the hologram 520 of FIG. 5. As a result, when the hologram is caused by the RF surface wave discussed below, the device activates as a metallic pattern that facilitates the generation of the radiation pattern.
    [31] 6 shows a plan view of the actual means of the reconstructed holographic antenna 600 of the present invention. FIG. 7 shows a side view of the antenna 600 of FIG. 6, and FIG. 8 shows an exploded view of the antenna of FIG. 6. 6, 7, and 8 will be referenced simultaneously for a complete understanding of the invention. Antenna 600 includes an array of SPIN devices 702 that are activated (indicated by arc 704) and deactivated (indicated by white space 706) by applying a DC voltage to each SPIN device. The DC voltage is the antenna base 708 having an addressing circuit 800 for connecting DC power to a plurality of bias pins 710 through insulating material 712 for contacting respective contact regions of each SPIN device ( Circuit board). Insulating material 712 is, for example, beryllium structurally sufficient to hold bias pin 710, low temperature cold ceramics, or other insulating materials. When a particular SPIN device is activated, a pattern (arc 704) is created at the surface of the active silicon wafer 714.
    [32] An insulating layer 716 is mounted on top of the active silicon wafer 714 and a feed dipole 718 is disposed on top of the insulating layer 716. The insulating layer 716 is, for example, a composite substrate made of silicon and glass, silicon and quartz (S i O 2 ), or other materials that may facilitate propagation of surface wavelengths discussed below. Insulating layer 716 is not shown in FIG. 6 to facilitate showing the holographic pattern formed by the active SPIN device. The feed dipole 718 is attached by conventional metallization techniques such as physical attachment of aluminum or copper. The feed dipole is generally connected to an RF transmitter or receiver through a balun (not shown). Alternatively, RF mixing structures can be used instead of dipoles. Horns cause surface wavelengths in insulating layer 716 in a similar manner to dipoles. Horns are generally connected to transmitters and receivers by waveguides.
    [33] Absorption ring 720 circumscribes the entire structure to absorb RF energy propagating through the surface of insulating layer 716 toward the edge of antenna structure 600. Absorbent ring 720 is made of a "loss" material, such as a resistive paint. In order for the device 702 to operate as a metallization pattern, the size of each device must be less than λ / 10, and λ is the radian wavelength length applied to the dipole 718. By placing the dipole 718 on the insulating layer 716, RF energy is efficiently connected from the dipole 718 to the active SPIN device 704, which forms the second radiator of the holographic pattern. In this structure, the energy generated by the mains supply, i.e., the dipole 718, moves along the insulating surface as the surface wavelength, and the pseudo-radiation load can be efficiently suppressed by the insulating layer surrounded by the absorbing rings 720. Can be. The absorbing ring suppresses the pseudo lobe by dissipating the radiation signal to avoid connecting to the second emitter and preventing surface wavelength diffraction on the edge of the antenna 600.
    [34] The bias is provided in the SPIN device 702 through a plurality of bias pins 710 mounted to the low insulation retention material 712. The conductive pins are directed relative to the semiconductor surface on the back of the antenna 600. This arrangement is advantageous in the fact that the main radiation area is polarized in parallel to the antenna surface. Thus vertically mounted pins will not fundamentally obstruct the area. Moreover, the bias pins do not have to be very long in order to effectively separate the control electronics from the RF radiation in terms of the surface wavelength region being positioned high adjacent the surface of the insulating layer 716. The pin contacts the control circuit on the addressing board 708 and both the contact surfaces (110 and 112 of FIG. 1) of the doped semiconductor region. In other words, a bias pin layer (insulating layer 712 and pin 710) is sandwiched between the mounted semiconductor layer 714 and the control board 708. The control board 708 is a cofired ceramic circuit using advanced ceramic technology such as, for example, multiple layers. Another form of circuit board is known to those skilled in the art and can replace ceramic circuits.
    [35] 9 illustrates a holographic pattern 900 formed by activating a particular SPIN device to form an arc 902 and used to generate a particular radiation pattern for the antenna. FIG. 10 illustrates a particular radiation pattern 1000 generated by the holographic pattern 900 of FIG. 9. The position of the main lobe 1002 of the antenna radiation pattern 1000 is located at the center of the figure, i.e., where the beam height and azimuth are both zero. As one selects another SPIN device to change the bias and change the holographic pattern in the SPIN device, the direction of the main lobe of the radiation pattern can be moved and pointed out by a controlled method.
    [36] FIG. 11 shows holographic pattern 1100 modified from pattern 900 of FIG. This new holographic pattern 1100 offsets the main lobe 1202 of the radiation pattern 1200 to the right of the center shown in FIG. Using the pattern 1000 of FIG. 11, the azimuth angle of the main lobe 1202 is currently 15 degrees. As a result, it can be clearly seen that a simple change in the number and pattern of SPIN devices activated in the array can control the antenna's main lobe from region to region. Similar applications can be made to match antennas to various frequency variations as well as changes in antenna propagation.
    [37] While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described so far, it will be appreciated that various changes may be made to the embodiments disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the present invention and the invention is limited only by the claims that follow. Receive.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] Board;
    A plurality of surface PIN devices supported by the substrate; And
    And a power supply element for coupling energy with the surface PIN device.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] The reconstruction antenna of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a semiconductor substrate.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] 10. The antenna of claim 1 wherein the plurality of surface PIN devices are arranged in an array.
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] 2. The reconstruction antenna of claim 1, wherein said power supply element is at least one surface PIN device.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] The reconfigurable antenna of claim 1, wherein the power supply element is a dipole antenna.
    [6" claim-type="Currently amended] 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a base comprising drive electronic circuitry; And
    And an insulating layer comprising a conductive pin connecting the bias signal from the base to a surface PIN device.
    [7" claim-type="Currently amended] 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising an insulating layer positioned over the substrate; And
    And the power supply element is a dipole antenna mounted on a surface of an insulating layer.
    [8" claim-type="Currently amended] The reconstruction antenna of claim 1, wherein the selection of the plurality of surface PIN devices is activated to form a holographic antenna.
    [9" claim-type="Currently amended] 9. The reconstruction antenna of claim 8, wherein another selection of the plurality of surface PIN devices is activated to form another holographic antenna.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2001071849A3|2002-03-21|
    AU5696201A|2001-10-03|
    WO2001071849A2|2001-09-27|
    WO2001071849A8|2003-04-24|
    EP1269568A2|2003-01-02|
    US20020039083A1|2002-04-04|
    US6567046B2|2003-05-20|
    JP2004500779A|2004-01-08|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2000-03-20|Priority to US19068600P
    2000-03-20|Priority to US60/190,686
    2000-11-03|Priority to US24583800P
    2000-11-03|Priority to US60/245,838
    2001-03-20|Application filed by 사르노프 코포레이션
    2001-03-20|Priority to US09/812,701
    2001-03-20|Priority to US09/812,701
    2003-02-20|Publication of KR20030015214A
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US19068600P| true| 2000-03-20|2000-03-20|
    US60/190,686|2000-03-20|
    US24583800P| true| 2000-11-03|2000-11-03|
    US60/245,838|2000-11-03|
    US09/812,701|US6567046B2|2000-03-20|2001-03-20|Reconfigurable antenna|
    US09/812,701|2001-03-20|
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