• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    PURPOSE: A surface lubrication treatment method in cold forging process in which process is simple, and industrial waste is not generated is provided. CONSTITUTION: In a surface lubrication treatment method for forming a lubrication film on the surface of a material to be formed in cold forging process before forming, the surface lubrication treatment method in cold forging process comprises the steps of preheating the material to be formed; coating a lubricant on the surface of the preheated material to be formed; and drying the lubricant coated material to be formed, wherein the lubricant is an aqueous lubricant in which 5 to 25 wt.% of solid is dispersed, the preheating is performed at a temperature of 20 to 40 deg.C, the lubricant coating step comprises the step of dipping the material to be formed into a lubricant having concentration of 20 to 40% at an atmospheric temperature of 20 to 45 deg.C for 10 to 60 seconds, or spraying the lubricant having concentration of 20 to 40% onto the material to be formed at an atmospheric temperature of 20 to 45 deg.C for 10 to 60 seconds, wherein weight of the lubricant coated on the surface of the material to be formed is determined in the range of 0.05 to 10 g/m¬2 according to surface roughness of the material to be formed and concentration of the lubricant, and the lubricant coated material drying step comprises blowing hot blast of 80 to 120 deg.C onto the lubricant coated material to be formed for a period of time that is determined by temperature and wind volume of hot blast in the range of 1 to 3 minutes, wherein temperature of the material to be formed during hot blast drying is within 90 deg.C.
    公开号:KR20030013798A
    申请号:KR1020010047984
    申请日:2001-08-09
    公开日:2003-02-15
    发明作者:서년교；이광희；이병만
    申请人:현대자동차주식회사；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Surface lubrication method in cold forging process {Surface lubrication method in cold forming process}
    [1] The present invention relates to a cold forging process, and more particularly to a surface lubricating method in the cold forging process.
    [2] Forging is one of metal processing methods for pressing and deforming metal masses and thick plates. Forging includes hot forging to be processed at a high temperature and cold forging to be processed at a lower temperature than hot. Cold forging can achieve high precision while surface lubrication is required.
    [3] Surface lubrication in cold forging is performed in advance to produce a mixed film of zinc phosphate and metal soap, which are metal lubricating films, on the surface of the material in order to increase the lubricity of the product during processing and to prevent sticking with the mold.
    [4] The surface lubrication process conventionally performed removes scale formed on the surface by degreasing and pickling, and then chemically treats phosphate to coat and neutralizes sodium soap to prevent direct contact between the material surface and the mold surface during cold forging. It prevents seizure during molding and keeps mold life long. In the conventional surface lubrication treatment, ten processes including degreasing, two-stage washing, washing with sulfuric acid, washing with water, washing with water, zinc phosphate coating, washing with water, neutralization, metal lubrication, and drying are sequentially performed. The chemicals are filled in, the material is loaded into a tank filled with chemicals, processed for the corresponding time, and moved to the next process when completed, and the product is taken out when 10 processes are completed.
    [5] Alkaline degreasing is the most widely used method in the field of cold forging as the degreasing process, which is the first step of the conventional surface lubrication operation. Alkaline degreasing agents are inexpensive, effective in removing all contaminants in a single operation, and are easy to control. Alkaline degreasing agents, however, must have saponification and emulsification capabilities, contain colloidal additives, and must be able to be removed from the wash.
    [6] The basic material that can be used as an alkali degreasing agent is an alkali surface active agent. Surfactants reduce surface tension due to their strong wettability even at low temperatures, and also have excellent emulsifying and dispersing properties. Alkaline degreasing agents must first be able to remove burnt-on carbon smut from the heat treatment or pickling process, and second, to remove grease and oil, and third, cold Since it should be possible to remove the phosphate and soap residues produced after the operation, the alkali degreasing agent should be chosen to satisfy the above conditions.
    [7] After the degreasing process, the pickling process is performed after two steps of washing with water. Scales are formed on the surface of iron or steel products manufactured by heat treatment or hot forming. To remove these scales, shot blasting is performed before the process is introduced. If picked up, perform pickling. In the cold forging process, since shot blasting is generally performed, pickling is necessary to increase the surface area of the base to form a zinc phosphate coating and to increase the weight of the coating to increase the formability of cold forging.
    [8] After pickling, washing with rinse and hot water is followed by a zinc phosphate coating process. Zinc phosphate coating increases the formability during cold forging, and helps the adhesion of soap in the later lubrication process.
    [9] The solution used in the zinc phosphate coating process forms a film by attack of free acid on the steel surface and precipitation of phosphate crystals. Therefore, as soon as some iron is dissolved into the solution, iron and zinc phosphate (iron and zinc phosphate) adhere to the steel surface and form a film. The chemical phenomena involved are quite complex, but can be represented simply as:
    [10] First, due to the interaction between the metal surface and the free phosphoric acid, the first pickling reaction occurs as shown in Equation 1 below.
    [11] 2Fe + 4H 3 PO 4 → 2Fe (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + H 2 O
    [12] In Formula 1, 2Fe (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 is soluble ferrous phosphate.
    [13] Next, due to the local pH increase at the interface between the metal and the solution, an encapsulation reaction occurs as shown in Equation 2 below.
    [14] 3Zn (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 → Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 + 4H 3 PO 4
    [15] In Equation 2, Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is insoluble zinc phosphate, and Zn (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 is in equilibrium with insoluble Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and H 3 PO 4 in solution. Lie in a relationship Therefore, when reversing the reaction or adding free phosphate to the working solution, soluble zinc phosphate is produced only when free phosphate is reduced by contact with iron. Therefore, the overall reaction mechanism for sedimentation of the phosphate film is as shown in Equation 3 below.
    [16] 3Zn (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + 2Fe → Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (insoluble) + 2Fe (H 2 PO 4 ) 2 (soluble) + 2H 2
    [17] After the zinc phosphate coating treatment with the reaction mechanism as described above, it is washed with water and a neutralizing (neutralising rinse) process is performed. The neutralization process is a process to increase the effect of soap in the lubrication process, which is a post process, and the solution used in the neutral washing should be kept constant by regular addition. However, even with regular chemicals, neutralized water is gradually contaminated and loses its effectiveness, and therefore the solution must be disposed of regularly. In general, it is good to re-dry once a week, and it is very important to manage the neutralized wash solution. Soap baths are the most expensive and their care is important.
    [18] After the neutralization process, a metal lubrication process is performed. For cold heading, reactive soap not only produces the lubrication needed for single hole sizing or draw of a calibration pass, but also continues with the multi-level heading that follows. To provide a suitable residual lubricant.
    [19] Soap consists of high grade sodium stearates with extended lifespan components, preservatives, reaction additives to promote reaction with phosphate coatings, and salts to overcome curing of water. Phosphoric acid-zinc salt treated tubes are deposited in Gardolube solution to produce a reaction as shown in Equation 4 below at pH 8-10.
    [20] Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (zinc phosphate) + 6C 17 H 35 COONa (sodium stearate) → 3 (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Zn (zinc stearate) + 2Na 3 PO 4 (sodium phosphate)
    [21] The zinc stearate layer provides a hybrid membrane chemically bonded to the metal surface that is effective and resistant to high pressure. The importance of this reaction is very emphasized and the extent of the reaction is influenced by the condition and composition of the lube bath but also by the crystal structure of the phosphate layer coated on the bottom.
    [22] However, the conventional surface lubrication method as described above is made by performing the ten steps in sequence, there is a problem that the process is complicated, the number of the process takes a long time as about 60 minutes.
    [23] In addition, in the conventional surface lubrication method, there is an excessive energy cost, such as power consumption of about 216 kwh and steam demand of 2.78 ton / hr.
    [24] In the conventional surface lubrication method, waste water is generated about 7.5 ton / hr, harmful gas is discharged about 645 m 3 / min, and sludge is generated, and a large amount of industrial waste is generated. There was a difficulty.
    [25] In addition, in the conventional surface lubrication method, sulfuric acid is handled in the pickling process, so there is a high risk of a safety accident such as an operator may be burned.
    [26] The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a method for surface lubrication in cold forging in which the process is simple and industrial waste is not generated.
    [27] In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, the surface of the cold forging in a simple process by molding after performing three steps of preheating the material, applying a lubricant, and drying after using a water-soluble new lubricant. It is characterized by forming a lubricating film on the.
    [28] At this time, the lubricant is an aqueous lubricant in which 5 to 25% by weight of solid content is dispersed, and preheating is performed at 20 to 40 ° C. When applying the lubricant, a lubricant having a concentration of 20 to 40% is 20 to 45 ° C in the atmosphere. It is preferable to apply | coat to the surface of a raw material so that it may be deposited or sprayed at temperature for 10 to 60 second, and it may be weight of about 0.05-10 g / m <2> .
    [29] In addition, at the time of drying, it is preferable to blow hot air of 80-120 degreeC to the raw material to which the lubricant was apply | coated for the time of about 1 to 3 minutes, so that the temperature of a raw material may be within 90 degreeC.
    [30] Hereinafter, the surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process according to the present invention will be described in detail.
    [31] First, the material is preheated to 20 to 40 ° C., and then a lubricant is applied to the surface of the preheated material.
    [32] When the lubricant is applied to the surface of the material, the concentration of the lubricant is generally about 20-40%, and is deposited or sprayed for 10 to 60 seconds at an ambient temperature of 20 to 45 ° C. The lubricant coated on the surface of the material by immersion or spraying is about 0.05 to 10 g / m 2 , and the coating weight is determined according to the surface roughness and lubricant concentration of the material.
    [33] Next, when the lubricant is applied, the material is dried. In general, to dry using hot air adjusted to 80 ~ 120 ℃, the temperature of the material does not exceed 90 ℃. This hot air drying is usually carried out for about 2 minutes, the time is determined depending on the temperature and air volume of the hot air, and some fluctuations are possible.
    [34] After the lubricating film is formed on the surface of the raw material as described above, a molding process is performed.
    [35] As mentioned above, the new lubricant used in the present invention will be described in more detail as follows.
    [36] The lubricant used in the present invention is an aqueous lubricant in which 5 to 25% by weight of solid content is dispersed, and is typically represented by the drug GARDOLUBE L 6444, developed by CHEMETALL, Germany. There is no need to be limited to drugs.
    [37] Developed in Germany, this chemical is a sulfur compound dispersed in water by a surfactant. In Germany, it was developed to replace metal lubricating agent after conventional phosphate coating, but we use only water-soluble new lubricant without conventional phosphate coating. We have developed a method. The new lubricant is a product of which MoS 2 , a polymer coating agent and an additive are combined. The background of the development of these new lubricants is as follows.
    [38] There have been many studies on the concentrates of cold forging lubricants for metals, and one of them is concentrates containing polyethylene, polyacrylates, styrene / acrylic acid and metal products. A study on how to promote cold forging.
    [39] In the preparation of the product for the cold forging process, two processes are generally used. In the case of a low forging strain, a lubricant containing a high pressure additive or a viscosity control agent is used depending on the process. When the forging strain is high, a resin-based lubricant film of an organic phase is used. Apply lubricating oil.
    [40] Recently, the use of lubricants for various applications continues to increase, but there is a problem that the lubricant process cannot give satisfactory performance under severe forging conditions. In addition, there is a problem that the environment is polluted by the organic solvent and harmful effects on the hygiene of the workplace, there is a problem that severely affects the disposal disposal due to the flame retardancy of the lubricant.
    [41] In particular, the use of lubricant is important whether the lubricant film remaining on the workpiece after cold forging is easily removed by a material such as a water soluble detergent.
    [42] Of the lubricant containing the resin, the acrylic resin system is particularly important. Typical lubricants used for cold forging of tubes according to EP-A-0 175 547, for example, are butyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate-ester copolymers, metals Another lubricant used for cold forging is an acrylate-based thermosetting resin of 10 to 35% by weight, containing a glass transition temperature of -10 to + 25 ° C, 3 to 15% by weight of wax, and 0.5 to 5% by weight of surfactant. In this case, the weight ratio of the thermosetting resin and the wax is adjusted to 2:12, and the thermosetting resin is a copolymer of various monomers having a polymerization degree of 1,000 to 50,000.
    [43] It is also known that the concentrates used in the formulation for lubricant coating applications use film forming ingredients, olefins and flow regulators. The film forming component and polyolefin ratio ranges from 0.25: 1 to 2: 1. Film-forming components include acrylate-based polymers and interpolymers, and flow control agents include dehydric, trihydric alcohols, glycol ethers, butyl cellosolves, surfactants, or phosphate ethers ( phosphate ethers and esters may be used.
    [44] Therefore, the new lubricant used in the present invention is a lubricant concentrate for blending lubricants for cold forging of metals, which satisfies cold forging with high strain rate, and is basically water-based, so that it is easily removed after environmental protection, workplace hygiene, and forging. It was developed for the purpose of providing.
    [45] New lubricants developed for the purpose as described above are solid or liquid concentrates. The solid content includes firstly 20 to 50 parts by weight of polyethylene having a softening point of 120 ° C. or more and a particle size in the range of 0.1 to 50 μm, and secondly to 2 to 8 parts by weight of polyacrylate having a molecular weight in the range of 4,500 to 10,000. And thirdly, 2 to 8 parts by weight of a styrene / acrylic acid interpolymer having a molecular weight of 150,000 to 250,000 and a glass transition temperature of 45 to 55 ° C in use. The softening point of the individual polymers then depends on the temperature range defined by the limit value from ambient temperature to 200 ° C.
    [46] The lubricant concentrate can be delivered as an aqueous concentrate, and when feeding the lubricant concentrate into the aqueous concentrate, the acrylic acid component is overwhelmingly present as the inorganic cationic salt. When the lubricant concentrate is in the solid phase, the acrylic acid component is generally present as free acid and the concentrate is contained in the form of an inorganic cation, for example hydroxide.
    [47] Lubricant concentrates contain homo- or interpolymers or acrylic acids or esters and surfactants and promote cold forging. The lubricant film is applied to the work piece by dispersing 5 to 25% by weight solids.
    [48] It is important that the lubricant concentrate and each of the components of the lubricant to which it is applied have a softening point over the entire temperature range that occurs during molding. The temperature range is from room temperature to 200 ° C when measured on the surface of the manufactured product, and the softening point of the individual polymers is distributed within this temperature range so that the lubricant film is not cut off step by step as the surface area increases. It can be.
    [49] 2-8 parts by weight of polyacrylate having a molecular weight of 3,000 to 4,500 was further added to the lubricant concentrate for the specification of the new lubricant. Despite this process, under the conditions of use, the acrylic acid compound must be overwhelmingly in the form of an inorganic cation and the softening point of the component must be within the above temperature range.
    [50] In particular, the acrylic acid mixture of the lubricant concentrate is advantageously present as a cationic ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth, or barium salt.
    [51] Another advantage of the new lubricant is that it contains 2 to 8 parts by weight of lubricant concentrate ethanol, acrylic acid copolymer of propanol, and methacrylic acid having a molecular weight of 300,000 or more, in which case the methacrylic acid mixture is overwhelming with inorganic cationic salts under the conditions of use. Must exist. The cations forming the salt are generated from the group comprising ammonium, sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, zinc, bismuth and barium. The monomer ratio of acrylic ester and methacrylic acid ranges from 3: 1 to 1: 1.
    [52] To further refine the lubricant, 5 to 8 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant (preferably ethoxylated fatty alcohol having six or more ethylene oxide groups) is added to the concentrate, or ethylene acrylic acid having a molecular weight of 6,000 to 10,000. 15 to 25 parts by weight of the interpolymer are added, wherein the monomer ratio of ethylene and acrylic acid is in the range of 9: 1 to 2: 1.
    [53] Finally, 2-8 parts by weight of sulfosuccinic acid diester is added to give the lubricant concentrate an advantage.
    [54] The new lubricant used in the present invention having the advantages described above promotes cold forging of metal products by applying an aqueous lubricant in which 5 to 25% by weight of solid content is dispersed to the surface of the product, and for convenience, the coating weight is 0.05 after drying. It is effective to apply so that it becomes -10 g / m <2> . This new lubricant applied to the surface of the product can fully satisfy the requirements even when cold forging is performed in several stages, especially in forgings with high strain rates, and in the case where a chemical film, especially a phosphate coating, is formed on the product before lubricant application. The effect is even better.
    [55] The lubricant concentrate of the new lubricant may include pigments such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, titanium phosphate and borate. In addition, depending on the application, inhibitors may be added for individual articles of iron.
    [56] Lubricants made from fresh lubricant concentrates may be used to promote cold forging of products consisting of iron, steel, aluminum, zinc, copper and their alloys.
    [57] As described above, in the method of surface lubrication in the cold forging process according to the present invention, the surface lubrication is performed by three steps of preheating the metal to be cold forged, and then applying and drying the lubricant, so that the process time is about 4 minutes. Therefore, the process time is significantly shortened and the cost is reduced as compared with the conventional method which takes about 60 minutes.
    [58] In addition, due to the shortening of the number of processes, surface lubrication can be performed even with a small installation, and therefore, there is an effect of greatly reducing the installation space.
    [59] In addition, the surface lubrication method according to the present invention is a system for continuously supplying the consumption of chemicals, so it does not discharge waste liquids or sludges, and in particular, it does not generate waste liquids or inorganic sludges containing phosphate which is a causative agent of water eutrophication. It is effective in preventing environmental pollution.
    [60] In addition, in the surface lubrication method according to the present invention, the new lubricant is applied at a room temperature of 20 to 40 ° C., and thus energy costs are reduced compared to the chemical treatment in the conventional cold forging process at a high temperature of about 80 ° C. or more. In addition, energy costs, which have conventionally been used in degreasing, hot water, coating, neutralization, lubrication tanks, etc., are also reduced.
    [61] In addition, in the surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process according to the present invention, since the new lubricant is used at a low concentration of 20 to 40%, there is an effect of reducing the consumption of chemicals.
    [62] In addition, if the surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process according to the present invention is used, the formability is excellent. For example, a general forging component used in the automobile industry can be processed by about 70% or more.
    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] In the surface lubricating method of forming a lubricating film on the surface of the material before molding in the cold forging process,
    Preheating the material to be molded;
    Applying a lubricant to the surface of the preheated material; And
    Drying the material to which the lubricant is applied
    Surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process comprising a.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1,
    The lubricant is an aqueous lubricant in which 5 to 25% by weight of solid content is dispersed.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 2,
    The lubricant is a surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process, characterized in that the chemical name developed by the German company CHEMETALL (GARDOLUBE L 6444).
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    The preheating is a surface lubricating method in the cold forging process, characterized in that carried out at 20 to 40 ℃.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    When applying the lubricant, a lubricant of 20 to 40% concentration is applied to the surface of the material by dipping or spraying for 10 to 60 seconds at an atmospheric temperature of 20 to 45 ° C, and the lubricant coated on the material surface The surface lubricating treatment method in the cold forging process, characterized in that determined in accordance with the surface roughness and the lubricant concentration of the material in the 0.05 ~ 10g / m 2 range.
    [6" claim-type="Currently amended] The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
    At the time of drying, the hot air of 80 to 120 ℃ is blown to the material coated with the lubricant for a time determined in accordance with the temperature and air volume of the hot air in the range of 1 to 3 minutes, the temperature of the material during the hot air drying is 90 ℃ The surface lubrication treatment method in the cold forging process characterized by the above-mentioned.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    KR100422649B1|2004-03-11|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2001-08-09|Application filed by 현대자동차주식회사
    2001-08-09|Priority to KR20010047984A
    2003-02-15|Publication of KR20030013798A
    2004-03-11|Application granted
    2004-03-11|Publication of KR100422649B1
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    KR20010047984A|KR100422649B1|2001-08-09|2001-08-09|Surface lubrication method in cold forming process|
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