BASE BODY WITH BRASSE GROUND PIN, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND USE THEREOF

专利摘要:
The subject of the present invention is a basic body intended for traversing elements, comprising a metal base body (1), at least one passage opening (4) intended to receive a functional element in a fastening material (10). , in particular an electrically insulating fastening material (10), and at least one conductor (6) which is electrically conductive connected to the base body by a soldered connection. The brazed connection comprises a brazing material (7) metal, knowing that the metal brazing material covers a surface area of the base body and thus forms a brazing area (7) on a surface of the base body. The base body (1) has, at least in the brazing area (7), a microstructure which has at least depressions in the surface of the base body. Similarly, the subject of the invention is methods of making such a base body (1) and applications thereof.
公开号:FR3072040A1
申请号:FR1859153
申请日:2018-10-03
公开日:2019-04-12
发明作者:Helmut Hartl；Reinhard Ranftl
申请人:Schott AG；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Basic body with brazed earth pin, method of making and uses thereof
The subject of the present invention is basic bodies generally intended for crossing elements, for example for bushings for sensors and / or large bushings and / or bushings in TO and / or housings. crossings of batteries or capacitors, as well as such crossings in themselves. In particular, it provides bushings for triggering devices, such as they are used to trigger a pyrotechnic device for protecting people, for example in airbag igniters and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators. The invention relates in particular to the design of the base for crossing elements of this type, the process for its manufacture and the uses thereof.
Sensor feedthroughs can in particular supply sensor elements with current and / or transmit their signals to evaluation units. Large bushings are generally used in safety enclosures, for example in liquefied gas tanks and / or reactors.
Battery or capacitor bushings generally designate bushings passing through battery boxes, including rechargeable batteries, or capacitors. This term also includes the field of supercapacitors. Bushings are generally used to make contact with electrodes inside the battery or capacitor housing.
A TO box is a box carrying the current, intended for electronics. A TO housing consists in principle of two components, namely a base and a cover. While the base primarily provides power for the encapsulated components, the cover is used in the field of optoelectronics for the reliable transmission of optical signals. This includes both transmitters (eg laser diodes) and receivers of optical signals (eg photodiodes). The TO box constitutes the mechanical base for mounting electronic and optical components, for example semiconductors, laser diodes or else a simple electrical circuit. At the same time, it supplies current to the protected components, using terminal pins.
Airbags and / or seat belt tensioners are used in particular as pyrotechnic devices for protecting people in motor vehicles. These safety systems can significantly reduce the risk of injury. However, one of the prerequisites is that the safety systems in question are not faulty in the event of a collision. In this regard, particular attention is paid in particular to the ignition systems of this type of pyrotechnic device, which are essential for the operation of such a security system. The igniters must function properly, even several years after their manufacture. The average lifespan of these igniters is often indicated with fifteen years. To ensure proper long-term operation, make sure that the propellant charge in the igniter does not change over time. These changes can be caused, for example, by moisture entering the igniter. Therefore, it is important to seal the propellant charge of the igniter tightly. On the other hand, the igniter must release the gases from the primed propellant charge in the right direction in order to ignite the propellant charge from a safety system gas generator.
In order to guarantee this, the igniters known from the state of the art have a cover or cover and a relatively massive base, between which the propellant charge is enclosed in a cavity formed by these parts. The current intended to ignite the propellant charge is supplied through the base, by means of electrical terminals. Consequently, the base generally comprises passage openings in which there are metal pins which, on one side, can be supplied with electric current, by means of a plug connection, and, on the other side, are connected for example using an ignition bridge which causes the ignition of the propellant gas when it is in contact with it, while the current passes through it. Consequently, the base is generally designated as a crossing element. When designing the bushing, it must be ensured that when the propellant charge is ignited, the hood or cover or part thereof always breaks apart and that the electrical bushings are not ejected from the base.
In the case of feed-through elements of this type, the base body of the base element is made of metal, and the ignition bridge is made by means of a welded bridge wire. In this embodiment, a metal rod is fixed as a pin in an electrically insulating fixing material, in a passage opening of the base body. In general, a glass material is used as the fixing material, in particular hard glass or welding glass. As a result, this metal rod is insulated by the glass from the outer conductor. As insulating materials, it is also possible to use ceramic, glass-ceramic and / or polymers.
A second metal rod is welded or brazed as a pin to the outer conductor which is represented by the base body, also known as the base plate. On the upper face of the bushing element - that is to say the face which faces the primer of the finished mounted ignition device - such a bridge wire (generally made of tungsten alloy), as ignition bridge, comes into contact with the surface of the glass material. To ensure that the bridge wire is not damaged and the ignition element has a long service life, for example in a motor vehicle, the surface of the glass material must generally be polished, because the surface roughness can deteriorate the bridge wire.
The length of the wire has effects on the resistance and therefore on the triggering properties of the ignition device. In the event of ignition, the explosive pressure produced acts on a small surface of glass, and therefore this embodiment is considered to be very robust. Another advantage attributed to this embodiment resides in the fact that a pin is connected directly to the external conductor, and that a simple grounding of the igniter is thus carried out using this pin. This pin is generally referred to as the "grounding conductor" or "ground pin".
For long-term operational reliability, including an airbag igniter and / or a seatbelt tensioner and / or a gas generator, the reliable connection of the grounding conductor at the base and / or the base body is of great importance. It must be avoided that the earth conductor already has a defective connection at the time of its delivery and / or that it tears off from the base during operation during which there may be significant variations in temperature and / or vibrations. Similarly, the connection between the ground conductor and the base and / or the base body can be damaged or weakened by the installation of the airbag igniter and / or a seat belt tensioner , if the conductors are for example pushed into a connector and are therefore subjected to a mechanical load.
Ignition devices of the type mentioned above are for example known from document DE 101 33 223 A1, in which the earth pin is welded flat against the base body. In this case, "flat weld against" means that the end face of the ground pin is welded to an area of the surface of the base body.
TO boxes are exposed for example in the document US 8,908,728 Bl. One can imagine here the connection of a ground pin to the base body, in order to connect the base body electrically to the ground.
Large crossings are described for example in the document DE 10 2007 061 175 B3. The base body is generally manufactured by machining processes, for example by machining a preform on a lathe. Again, it is possible to connect a ground pin to the base body.
Generally, the ground pin can be connected to the base body by a brazing process, especially flat brazing, instead of a welding process. In general, metallic soldering materials are used for this purpose, which melt under the effect of heat. In this case, a brazing meniscus and / or a brazing joint is formed from the metallic brazing material which covers areas of the earth pin, at its brazed end, and a region of the base body, and thus connects the ground pin to the base body, in an electrically conductive and mechanically fixed manner. The size of the area covered by the brazing meniscus on the base body and / or the dimensions of the brazing joint, including the thickness of the brazing joint, are difficult to control. This poses the problem of the subsequent treatment of the base body, namely that the metallic brazing material can arrive on the lateral face of the base body, passing through the edge thereof, and make the subsequent treatment more difficult at this point. place. For example, when the base body is used in an air bag igniter, a cap is pushed onto the side face of the base body and welded there by laser welding. This is prevented and / or at least made more difficult by the brazing material present on the side face. It is also critical when the metallic brazing material flows into the passage opening. If the brazing material enters between the insulating material in the passage opening and the base body, i.e. generally between the glass of the coating and the external conductor, there is a significant risk that the mechanical resistance the connection of the insulating material with the base body, in the passage opening, is reduced to a point which is critical. This mechanical resistance can be tested using a glass expulsion test. This is a routine measurement in the mass production of these types of components.
Similarly, a poor quality brazing meniscus and / or brazing joint or poor quality brazing location can cause mechanical instability of the brazed earth pin. The mechanical stability of the latter, that is to say the mechanical stability of the brazed connection between the earth pin and the base body, is verified by bending tests. In the event that the quality of the brazed connection is insufficient, the earth pin can separate from the basic body during the bending test. Consequently, the uncontrolled formation of the brazing meniscus and / or the brazing joint leads to random failures during the bending test.
In this context, the object of the present invention is to provide a basic body for a crossing element, which reduces the drawbacks of the state of the art, and to provide a reliable brazed connection between an electrical conductor and a basic body. , which can be carried out efficiently in the context of mass production and with a low defect rate.
This objective is achieved by the basic body and the method for its manufacture in accordance with the embodiments, the modes of implementation and the applications of the invention. It is the same for the crossing element according to the invention, which is the result of the basic body, and for the applications thereof.
The base body according to the invention comprises a metal base body as well as at least one passage opening intended to receive a functional element in a fixing material, in particular an electrically insulating fixing material. This functional element can be an electrical conductor or include an electrical conductor, but also an optical element and / or a thermocouple and / or a waveguide or the like. The crossing element according to the invention also comprises at least one conductor which is electrically connected to the base body by a brazed connection. This brazed connection comprises a metallic brazing material which covers a surface area of the base body and thus forms a brazing area on a surface of the base body.
Therefore, this soldering area is defined as the region of the surface of the base body which is covered by the metal solder. According to the invention, the base body has, at least in the brazing area, a microstructure which has at least recesses in the surface of the base body. This means in particular hollows whose lowest point below the surface of the base body is outside the brazing zone. Generally, the hollows can be separated from each other by ribs. Measured below the surface of the base body, these ribs can extend backwards, outside the brazing area, i.e. they can be outside the area soldering, below the plane of the base body surface. As described, this means that the metallic brazing material covers the microstructure in the brazing area. The metallic brazing material and the microstructure cooperate with each other, thereby obtaining the advantages of the invention.
The microstructure, as provided by the invention, is distinguished by the fact that it is a structure which is produced deliberately. This structure consists in particular of a combination of individual structures which have been formed in the basic body according to an organizational criterion and thus together form the microstructure. Such a microstructure according to the invention differs significantly from scratches and / or prints placed in the base body, which of course have a random arrangement.
Advantageously, the base body has at least one flat surface in which the brazing zone is located. Particularly advantageously, the base body has two parallel flat surfaces. The passage opening connects these surfaces. More specifically, the base body for an airbag igniter or a seatbelt tensioner has the shape of a disc. The basic body intended for a battery and / or capacitor case can advantageously have the shape of a rectangle.
The inventors have found that the microstructure in the brazing area acts as a brazing stopper for the metallic brazing material. As described, the metallic solder material melts during the soldering process and wets the base body in the solder area, as well as in the regions of the conductor to be connected to the base body. During wetting, the brazing material flows out. In the absence of microstructure, this flow of brazing material is difficult to control. The inventors have found that the microstructure limits the flow of the metallic brazing material. In this way, the flow of the metallic brazing material can be controlled by the placement of the microstructure. Thus, the microstructure is a stopper for the metallic brazing material. This has the consequence that during the production of a multitude of basic bodies according to the invention, the variation in the diameters of the brazing zone is less significant than in the absence of microstructure. Thanks to the presence of a microstructure in the soldering zone, according to the invention, the diameter of the soldering zone can be reliably controlled. At the same time, it can be stated that the limitation of the flow of the brazing material does not necessarily take place at the periphery of the microstructure, but that this limitation already occurs at the level of the individual elements of the microstructure, i.e. - say in areas inside the microstructure.
Preferably, the hollows of the microstructure form a substantially regular pattern. In a particularly advantageous manner, the hollows of the microstructure are arranged in close proximity to each other and / or they overlap at least in certain regions. It is particularly advantageous when the microstructure, seen in plan, consists of a grid in the form of points and / or of a structure in the form of a mesh and / or of a structure in the form of a grid.
Particularly preferably, the microstructure hollows are laser structured regions in the surface of the base body. Advantageously, these laser structured regions can be zones obtained by laser ablation and / or zones which are locally reformed thermally, by laser radiation, and / or zones which are locally reformed by a pressure effect induced by laser. Of course, it is possible to combine all these methods. Other details will be explained later in the description.
There are other possibilities for producing microstructures which can also be envisaged and which fall within the scope of the invention, for example punching with punches provided with microstructures and / or methods of removing material, such as grinding and / or scratching and the like.
Advantageously, the microstructure takes the form of grooves and / or the microstructure comprises hollows with round and / or oval diameters or is made up of such hollows. It is also possible to provide rectangular diameters, in particular with rounded angles. It is particularly advantageous when the hollows have the form of craters and / or the form of cups. These shapes can be created in a particularly interesting way by laser ablation and / or laser desorption or by other laser-assisted processes.
Preferably, the hollows of the microstructures have a depth of up to 70 μm, advantageously from 0.7 μm to 70 μm, more advantageously from 0.7 μm to 50 μm, in particular from 0.7 μm to 20 μm, even from 1 pm to 10 pm and in a particularly advantageous manner from 2 pm to 10 pm. This depth is measured from the plane of the surface of the basic body, outside the microstructure, to the lowest point of the microstructure, that is to say for example in the case of hollows. in the form of craters, from the plane of the surface of the basic body which is located outside the microstructure, to the lowest point at the bottom of the crater. Of course, the invention also provides for and encompasses the fact that the microstructure extends over the entire surface of the base body. In this case, the depth of the pits of the microstructure is measured from the plane of the mean value of the highest points of the ribs which are located between and / or delimit the pits.
Particularly preferably, a basic body according to the invention has, in the region of the microstructure, an average roughness Ra> 0.35 μm and / or an average surface roughness Rz> 1 μm. Most preferably, Ra is in the range of 0.35 pm to 15 pm and / or Rz is in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, and in particular, Rz is in the range of 1 pm to 15 pm.
The average roughness Ra and the average surface roughness Rz are defined in a manner that is known to those skilled in the art. The average roughness Ra describes the average distance from a measurement point in a vertical part, that is to say the profile of the microstructure, in relation to the midline. The center line intersects the actual profile within the reference distance, so that the sum of the profile deviations (from the center line) is minimal. Therefore, the average roughness Ra is the arithmetic mean of the deviation in absolute terms from the center line. Rz is known as the average surface roughness. It represents the arithmetic mean of the individual roughnesses within five measurement distances. Rz is determined by dividing a defined measurement distance on the surface of the base body, inside the microstructure, into seven individual measurement distances, the five middle distances of which are the same size. The evaluation is carried out only on the basis of these measurement distances. For each of these individual measurement distances of the profile of the microstructure, the difference with respect to the maximum value and with respect to the minimum value is determined. The average value Rz is formed from the five individual surface roughnesses thus obtained.
Advantageously, the hollows of the microstructures are formed so that there is, between the individual hollows, a rib which separates and / or delimits the individual hollows distinctly from one another. The rib width varies and can be between a value less than 1 μm and for example approximately 100 μm or 50 μm or 20 μm or 10 μm.
In a particularly preferable manner, the diameter of the pits of the microstructure, measured at their narrowest points, is between 10 pm and 150 pm, in particular between 10 pm and 120 pm, in particular between 50 pm and 150 pm and in particular between 50 pm and
120 pm. Likewise, appropriate lower limits for all of the ranges indicated are 80 µm.
Most preferably, the realization of the microstructure of the base body has the effect that the base body is at the same time prepared, at least in the brazing zone. In particular, disturbing substances, such as layers of oxides and / or undesirable deposits which may form on the basic body, for example during manufacture, in particular lubricants, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, are substantially eliminated before the soldering process. Correspondingly, the surface of the microstructure does not particularly preferably contain organic matter and / or no carbon, at least in the depressions. Preferably, there is provided, at least in the recesses, a pure metallic surface or a substantially homogeneous and preferably thin oxide layer, the thickness of which is preferably less than 10 nm and is in particular preferably between 1 nm and 6 nm.
The metal base body usually has a layer of natural oxide before the creation of the microstructure. This is generally not uniform and this often in terms of composition and / or in particular of thickness. On the other hand, the metal base body usually receives the desired shape through metal working processes, for example machining on a lathe and / or punching and / or cold forming and / or cutting. The passage opening is made in a similar manner, for example by drilling and / or punching.
Similarly, residues of lubricants, for example lubricants from manufacturing machines, may be present on the base body. These lubricants and their residues can in particular be oils which contain organic substances and / or, in general, carbon compounds. By making the microstructure, these oxide layers and / or these disturbing residues are removed at least in part, at least in the brazing zone. When the natural oxide layer is removed, there remains a bare metal surface, preferably at least in the hollows of the microstructure, which can however oxidize again. This newly oxidized surface has a lower layer thickness and greater homogeneity compared to the natural oxide layer. It does not interfere with the soldering process or the formation of the soldered connection, or at least to a much lesser extent.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the ribs between the hollows of the microstructure are covered with an oxide layer which is different from that found in the hollows. Therefore, the oxide layer on the ribs is different from the oxide layer on the surface of the recesses. Similarly, it is possible to provide, as described, that the ribs are covered with an oxide layer and that the surface of the recesses is substantially the bare metal surface.
Normal steel, such as St 35 and / or St 38 or fine steel and / or stainless steel, is usually used as the base body material. Fine steel conforming to DIN EN 10020 is a term designating alloyed or unalloyed steels whose sulfur and phosphorus content (called "associated elements") does not exceed 0.035%. Frequently, additional heat treatments (eg quenching and tempering) are carried out thereafter. Fine steels include, for example, high purity steels, in which constituents such as aluminum and silicon are removed by separation of the molten material, by a special production process, as well as highly alloyed tool steels which are intended for further heat treatment. They notably contain chromium. The steels indicated below can for example be used: X12CrMoS17, X5CrNil810, XCrNiS189, X2CrNil911, X12CrNil77, X5CrNiMol7-12-2, X6CrNiMoTil7-12-2, X6CrNiCiNiCRNiC8NiCRNiC8N2CRNiTN8CRNiC2N2CRNiCRNiCRNiTL8CRNiCRNiCRNiC2NR, X6CrNiTX8C2N2C2, X6CrNiT6N2, X6CrNiT2R, X2CrNi810 -12-2.
To guarantee maximum profitability of the crossing element according to the invention, it is however also possible that the metal base body is not made of fine steel. Instead, the base body is advantageously made of steel belonging to the group I. Olxx to 1.07xx (non-alloy quality steels). In this case, the steel group is defined in accordance with DIN EN 10 027-2, the first digit indicating the main material group, and the sequence of digits after the first point indicating the number of the steel group.
To guarantee the best possible resistance to corrosion, the base body can be coated with metals. Preferably, a nickel coating is used. This applies in particular to the basic bodies which are made from non-alloy quality steels.
Preferably, at least in the region in which the microstructure is present, a base body according to the invention comprises a metal containing chromium, in particular a fine steel containing chromium. It is also preferable that the base body be made of a metal containing chromium, in particular of a fine steel containing chromium. In the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is then covered in particular with a homogeneous layer comprising CrO _x . It is particularly preferable that this layer comprises or consists of CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nEEO. These stated layers can in particular be produced by natural oxidation which takes place during the use of the materials described.
Preferably, strong brazing is used as the metallic brazing material. Are usually designated by the term of brazing, the alloys having as base a high silver content, a nickel-silver base and / or a brass base, which generally take the form of a rod, a bar, metal wire, film and sometimes paste. Strong brazing pastes already contain fluxes, so there is no longer any need to add them separately, like a paste, as in other forms of brazing. Generally, strong solders containing palladium (Pd) are used for airbag igniters and / or seat belt tensioners. The strong solder containing Pd offers in particular a particularly good adhesion of the brazing material to the metallic base body.
To achieve the objectives of the invention, it is particularly preferable to use a metallic brazing material substantially free of palladium (Pd). "Substantially free" means ignoring some impurities and / or levels of natural isotopes. These impurities can be of an order of magnitude ranging up to 2000 ppm, in particular up to 1000 ppm. In particular thanks to the presence of the microstructure in the brazing zone and to the described preparation of the metal in the region of the microstructure, for example by the presence of the thin homogeneous oxide layer, the invention makes it possible to use the materials metal solderings substantially free of Pd. Given the fact that palladium is a very expensive raw material which is considered to be irritant and highly flammable, this particularly preferred embodiment contributes to a particularly advantageous reduction in manufacturing costs.
With the described electrically conductive connection of a metal pin to the base body, a brazing meniscus advantageously forms at the transition to the surface of the base body, during the melting of the metal brazing material. In a particularly advantageous manner, this meniscus has a radius of at most 0.40 mm. This relatively small radius of the meniscus is made possible in particular by controlling, in accordance with the invention, the flow of the metal brazing material, due to the presence of the microstructure in the brazing zone.
Between the end of the metal spindle, brazed to the base body, and the surface of the base body, there is in the brazing area a space which is filled with the metal brazing material and which is known as of "brazing joint". The width of this brazing joint, that is to say the thickness of the brazing material between the end of the metal pin and the surface of the base body, also constitutes a measure of the reliability of the brazed connection which is formed. Therefore, in a particularly preferred embodiment, there is, between the surface of the conductor which faces the base body and the microstructured surface of the base body, a solder joint, filled with metallic solder material, which has a solder joint width of at most 100 μm, preferably from 3 nm to 100 μm, in particular at most 80 μm or in particular 70 μm, and very particularly from 3 nm to 70 μm, measured from the point the lowest of the hollow of the microstructure.
The quality of a good brazed connection between the ground pin and the base body can be assessed based on the shear force which is necessary to cause a shear break of the ground pin connected to the base body, with the metallic brazing material in the brazing area. The invention makes it possible to obtain the particularly advantageous effect that in the case of basic bodies in accordance with the invention, having the microstructure described in the brazing zone, the shear force is increased on average by at least 10 % compared to the shear force in the case of conventional basic bodies, devoid of microstructure. The shear force is measured by the fact that the component is retained in a clamping device and that a metal scraper is passed along the basic body. When it meets the brazed conductor, the force (N) necessary to cause it to break by shear is measured.
Controlling the flow of the solder by the microstructure in the soldering area also has the effect that the diameter of the soldering area is smaller compared to basic bodies devoid of microstructures, with an identical amount of material of metal brazing. It has been observed that in the case of a basic body according to the invention, in which the microstructure acts in particular as a means of stopping the brazing, the brazing material can be distributed over the metal spindle to a greater extent. than in the absence of microstructure.
According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, the brazing zone has a maximum diameter, measured parallel to the surface of the base body, which is at most twice the diameter of the electrically conductive metal pin with the base body, this is ie the earth pin. For example, the ground pin can have a diameter of 2 mm. The brazing area can then have a particularly advantageous diameter of at most 4 mm, measured parallel to the surface of the base body. If the earth pin has a diameter of 1 mm, a brazing zone with a diameter of 2 mm is obtained.
The invention makes it possible to arrange the earth pin closer to the periphery of the passage opening and / or on the periphery of the base body, since the flow of the solder is controlled by the microstructure, and since for the manufacture in series the risk is reduced to see the metallic brazing material flowing in the passage opening or on the edge of the base body and thus hamper the subsequent treatment at this location, that is to say on the wall inside the passage opening or on the surface of the insulating material disposed therein and / or on the peripheral surface of the base body, and / or even to produce defective parts. If the electrically conductive metallic brazing material flows over the insulating material present in the passage opening in which the functional element is placed, this can cause a short circuit between the functional element and the body base, or at least a reduction in the ignition voltage.
In a particularly preferable manner, the basic body in accordance with the invention is a basic body intended for the production of airbag igniters or seat belt tensioners or gas generators, in which a conductor is disposed in the the passage opening, at least one in number, as a functional element in an electrically insulating fixing material, and the conductor electrically conductive connected to the base body is in the form of an earth pin which is brazed flat against the base body in the soldering area. Basic bodies of this type are generally designated by the term "bases".
It is particularly preferable that the earth pin has in this application a diameter of 1 mm + 0.02 mm, and the meniscus of the metallic brazing material, at the transition to the surface of the base body, has a radius less than 0.40 mm, preferably less than 0.36 mm, in particular less than 0.30 mm, and particularly preferably less than 0.22 mm.
The invention makes it possible to reduce the amount of metallic brazing material which is used. In a particularly preferred embodiment of such a base, the volume of the metallic brazing material is less than 0.16 mm ³ , preferably less than 0.13 mm ³ , in particular less than 0.10 mm ³ , and particularly preferably less than 0.07 mm ³ .
In this application of an airbag igniter and / or a seatbelt tensioner and / or a gas generator, the brazing zone advantageously has a diameter of 1 mm to 2.0 mm, measured parallel to the surface of the base body. This means that the diameter of the soldering area can also correspond to the diameter of the ground pin. In this case, only the solder joint between the foot end of the ground pin and the base body is provided with metallic solder material.
During mass production, the defect rates and / or the ratio between acceptable parts and rejected parts play a particularly important role. The invention makes it possible to reduce the rate of defects and / or to increase the ratio between acceptable parts and rejected parts. These are statistical considerations. A measure for the evaluation of these components is provided by the results of bending tests carried out on the earth pin. This involves studying the basic bodies by bending the earth pin mechanically at a pivot point, in the vicinity of the brazed end of the earth pin. If the brazed connection of the earth pin is broken and if the latter separates from the basic body, the test is considered to be unsatisfactory for the basic body in question, and if not, the test is considered to be satisfactory. The defect rate is the ratio between the number of base bodies examined which have successfully undergone the bending test, and the number of base bodies not having passed the test. In the case of basic bodies according to the invention, the defect rate during bending tests with a test quantity of 5,000 basic bodies is advantageously less than 1 to 1,000 (corresponding to 1 in a thousand ), in particular less than 1 to 2,000 (corresponding to 0.5 per thousand), and more particularly is at most 1 to 5,000 and particularly advantageously from 0 to 5,000.
Another measure for the evaluation of the components is provided by the variations in the diameters of the brazing zones in a quantity of components produced. We strive to ensure that the diameters of the brazing zones are as much as possible the same for each component produced, that is to say that the objective is to obtain the smallest possible variation. Consequently, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a quantity of basic bodies intended for the production of airbag airbag igniters and / or seat belt tensioners and / or seat belt generators. gas, comprising a test quantity of 1,000 base bodies in accordance with the invention, with which the statistical standard deviation of the mean value of the diameter of the brazing zones, measured parallel to the surface of the base body, in this test amount is in the range of 0% to 6% of the average diameter of the soldering area in this test amount.
The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a base body for a bushing element. The process includes the following steps, which are not necessarily carried out in the order indicated in the text. This description allows a person skilled in the art to add other process steps and / or to modify their order according to the objectives which he has set himself.
A method according to the invention contemplates the installation of a metal base body of a predetermined thickness and with a predetermined outer contour, which has two substantially opposite surfaces. At least one passage opening is created in the base body. This connects the two substantially opposite surfaces. According to the method, a microstructure is produced in at least one area of a surface of the base body, by making recesses in the surface of the base body. On the other hand, at least one functional element is provided, as well as an electrically insulating fixing material. At least one driver is also provided. The electrically insulating fastening material is arranged in the passage opening, at least one in number, and the functional element, at least one in number, is fixed or, in other words, arranged in the electrically insulating fastening material. It is thus in a way held in the passage opening by the fixing material. The conductor is brazed to the base body, in the region in which the microstructure is present, with a metallic brazing material. The metallic brazing material melts during the brazing process, the flow of the molten metallic brazing material being stopped and / or limited at least by elements of the microstructure. The region on the surface of the base body which is covered by the brazing material forms a brazing zone, so that the conductor, at least one in number, is electrically conductive connected to the base body, in the soldering area. This conductor represents an earth conductor.
The base body may in particular be a part produced by turning, comprising a metal part, and / or be cut from a metal sheet and / or be produced from a rod or a metal wire by cold forming. . The through opening can for example be drilled and / or cut and / or formed during cold forming. Depending on the manufacturing process, there may be mold release agents and / or lubricants and / or thinning agents on the base body, for example oils, in particular mineral oils. The surface of the base body can also be covered with an oxide layer.
The electrically insulating fastening material is generally a glass material or a glass ceramic material or a ceramic material or a plastic material, for example a high performance polymer. Combinations of these materials are also possible, in particular combinations by layers. The fixing material can also be provided with binders and / or fillers. The functional element may in particular be an electrical conductor, in particular a metal pin, but also a hollow conductor, a thermocouple, a waveguide, a light pipe or the like. Usually the fastening material is fused to the functional element and the interior wall of the passage opening. In the case of airbag ignitors or seat belt tensioners, glass is generally used as the fixing material, which is ground to obtain a powder and which is used with binders to form a compact material which is inserted into the passage opening, together with the functional element. When heated, the binder is usually removed under the effect of heat, and the glass melts and adheres to the interior wall of the passage opening and to the functional element. As it cools, the fastening material solidifies and hermetically seals the passage opening. This also applies to glass ceramic and possibly also to ceramic materials. It is also possible to make a preform from portions of tube.
When brazing the earth conductor, also called an “earth pin”, a preform of metallic brazing material is also used in general, which may include binders and / or fluxes. It can be placed in the region where the brazing area will subsequently be found, in the same way as the earth pin, and can be brazed to the base body under the effect of heat. Soldering of the ground pin and fusion of the electrically insulating fastening material with the base body and / or the functional element can also take place at the same time.
The microstructure can be produced with processes for removing material from the surface of the base body, namely advantageously by grinding the base body and, particularly advantageously, by printing in the base body. Printing can be carried out for example by structured punches.
Very particularly advantageously, the microstructure is produced with laser-induced structuring methods and / or laser structuring methods.
Known methods of laser-induced structuring are laser ablation and laser desorption, in which surface material from the base body is removed. However, it is also possible to ensure that, during irradiation with lasers, the surface material of the base body is reformed by laser irradiation, in particular by local heating with local melting of the material of the base body and / or by a laser-induced pressure effect, during which laser irradiation locally heats a gas atmosphere, at least in the vicinity of the base body, and in particular a plasma is ignited locally, so as to generate a wave pressure which deforms the surface of the base body. In this case, the focal point of the laser is placed in particular in a plane situated in front of the surface of the base body. It is also possible to allow the reflection of a converging laser beam through the surface of the base body and to place the focal point of the reflected beam in a plane situated above the base body. Of course, it is also possible to use combinations of these two ways of guiding the beam.
Likewise, it is possible to combine the laser-based processes exposed. For example, the initial material, in particular oxide layers and / or lubricant residues, can be removed from the base body by laser ablation or laser desorption, during which the base body can be heated locally and can thus already be thermally reformed or at least softened, and / or, after discovering the bare metal surface, possibly with offset of the focus of the laser beam, it is in particular possible to ignite plasma near the surface, so that a wave of pressure moves in the direction of the basic body and reforms it locally, as if under the effect of pressure. This reformation can be promoted by the aforementioned thermal softening of the material.
All the aforementioned methods are implemented in a particularly advantageous manner so that the microstructure, seen in plan, consists of a grid in the form of points and / or a rectangular grid and / or a structure in the form of a mesh and / or a structure in the form of a grid.
Particularly advantageously, during the creation of the microstructure, the impurities and / or organic substances and / or substances containing carbon and / or oxides which are found on the surface of the basic body are eliminated at the same time. When using laser ablation or laser desorption, these substances are removed by evaporation and / or sublimation.
After the removal of the oxide layer which is present, it may be advisable to carry out a reoxidation. An advantageous method in this regard provides, after the completion of the microstructure and before the brazing of the conductor, that the base body is covered with a substantially homogeneous and thin oxide layer, at least in the region of the microstructure. In a particularly advantageous manner, the oxygen to form the oxide layer comes in this case from the ambient atmosphere.
A particularly preferred method provides that, after the microstructure has been produced, the base body does not contain organic matter and / or carbon, at least in the recesses. Preferably, a pure metal surface or a substantially homogeneous and preferably thin oxide layer is provided, the thickness of which is preferably less than 10 nm and is preferably between 1 nm and 6 nm in particular.
The basic body may consist of the metals mentioned above or contain these metals. In particular, fine steel can be used as the material for the base body. It is also possible, and more advantageous from the point of view of the efficiency of the process, to use steels belonging to the group l.Olxx to 1.07xx (according to DIN EN 10 027-2). In particular, the base body produced from these metals, as well as the passage openings, can be coated with nickel, and the nickel layer can then advantageously have a thickness ranging from 1 μm to 15 μm, in particular from 4 μm. at 10 pm.
In a particularly advantageous manner, the base body is made of a metal containing chromium and / or containing nickel or comprises this metal, in particular a steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel, including a fine steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel. Consequently, a preferred configuration of the method provides that, at least in the region where the microstructure is present, the base body comprises a metal containing chromium or is made of this metal, in particular a steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel, including a fine steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel, and that, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is covered, by oxidation, with a homogeneous layer comprising CrO _x and / or NiO _x . Preferably, this layer comprises CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nLLO and / or it comprises Ni0 _x (OH) 2- _x · nLLO or is made up of this.
The invention makes it possible to obtain that, in addition to the usual heavy brazing, metallic brazing materials substantially free of palladium, namely globally free of palladium, with the exception of a few impurities, are also used in the process according to the invention. 'invention.
To make the brazed connection of the conductor with the base body, it is advantageous, before brazing, to have the metallic brazing material around the conductor, in the form of a ring. During soldering, the metallic solder material flows into the microstructure and thus forms the soldering area, with a solder joint between the conductor and the surface of the base body, in the region of the microstructure, which is filled with the metal brazing material. Thanks to the microstructure, the metallic soldering material flows, so to speak, under the end face of the conductor, which is in particular in the form of a pin, where it forms or fills the soldering joint. The brazing material covers and interacts with the microstructure in the brazing area. This has advantages in terms of production possibilities of the basic bodies; these are in particular the assembly operations before brazing which are reduced.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method is implemented in such a way that, measured from the surface of the base body, the microstructures have a depth ranging substantially up to 70 μm, in particular up to 50 μm, ranging in particular from 0.7 pm to 70 pm, in particular from 0.7 pm to 50 pm, preferably from 0.7 pm to 20 pm, particularly advantageously from 1 pm to 10 pm and very particularly advantageously from 2 pm to 10 pm.
In a particularly preferred manner, the microstructure is produced in the base body so as to obtain an average roughness Ra> 0.35 μm and / or an average surface roughness Rz> 1 μm. Preferably Ra is in the range of 0.35 µm to 15 µm and / or Rz is in the range of 1 µm to 50 µm; in particular, Rz e is in the range from 1 pm to 15 pm. The average roughness Ra and the average surface roughness Rz have been defined above.
The method according to the invention uses the observation made by the inventors that, during the melting of the metallic brazing material, the flow of the metallic brazing material is limited and / or stopped by the microstructure.
A particularly preferred method provides for the use of laser structuring and / or laser induced structuring to create the microstructure. These methods and some of their aspects have been described above. Laser ablation and / or laser desorption are advantageously used, since the surface material of the basic body, in particular the oxide layers and / or organic impurities, is removed under the effect of laser irradiation , uncovering a bare metal surface of the base body, which reflects the incident laser radiation. As described, laser-induced thermal and / or mechanical reformation and combinations thereof are possible and fall within the scope of the invention.
In a particularly preferred manner, the bare metal surface, which is discovered in particular by laser ablation and / or laser desorption, limits the depth of the microstructure. The inventors have found that with the use of laser ablation, the depth of the microstructures and therefore Ra or Rz are self-regulating. The mentioned impurities, which are found on the base body, for example lubricant residues and / or oxide layers, absorb the laser beam and therefore undergo evaporation and / or sublimation and are therefore eliminated. In particular, it is possible that the impurities on the base body only partially absorb the laser beam, and that the primary oxide layer has greater absorption, going as far as complete absorption. This material is removed until the laser beam comes into contact with the bare metal surface which is then discovered. This reflects the laser beam and is generally not eliminated further. This effect is largely independent of the laser power, which allows good reproducibility of the microstructure created by laser ablation and / or laser desorption to be obtained.
Since the laser beam is locally limited and, as described, is conducted in such a way that a microstructure is preferably produced in the form of a grid or a grid, this is initially made up of hollows with a bare metal surface and, for example, ribs with a possibly reduced layer thickness of the original oxide layer and / or impurities. Hollows with a bare metal surface can reoxidize under normal ambient conditions. However, this reoxidation apparently occurs homogeneously, so that the above-mentioned thicknesses of oxide layer are formed. This is, so to speak, the formation of a controlled oxide layer.
Laser radiation in the infrared spectral range has proven to be particularly suitable. For example, Nd: YAG lasers can be used which have emission wavelengths of 1064 nm. Other transitions exist at 946 nm, 1320 nm and 1444 nm. It is also possible, within the framework of the invention, to use all the transitions, including all the desired combinations. The use of CO2 lasers is also possible. These typically emit in the 9,400 nm and 10,600 nm bands. It is also possible to pre-treat the base body surface with UV laser radiation. This can be advantageous in particular for breaking up and / or eliminating organic impurities and / or containing carbon. Excimer XeCl lasers with an emission wavelength of 308 nm and / or excimer NO2 lasers with an emission wavelength of 337 nm and / or an excimer KrF laser with a length of emission wave of 248 nm can for example be used for this purpose. Of course, it is also possible to use other suitable UV lasers. In particular, it is possible to detach different metals and / or metal oxides from the metal surface of the base body, using short pulse UV lasers. Pulse widths of about 20 ns and down to about 0.2 ps have been found suitable in the case of an excimer KrF laser, for example to separate nickel, copper, molybdenum and / or tungsten from the base body surface. Consequently, it is possible to prepare the surface of the base body with an appropriate laser irradiation, in particular by local modification of the configuration of the composition of the metal of the base body in the region of its surface.
It is obvious to those skilled in the art that it is also possible to carry out the entire process of creating microstructures using UV lasers. Likewise, it is possible to combine different lasers with each other, in particular IR lasers and / or UV lasers and / or lasers with wavelengths of laser emission in the visible spectral range. Of course, this also includes the interaction of lasers of the same type.
The basic body according to the invention can preferably be used in an electrical and / or optical feed-through element. In a particularly advantageous manner, at least one electrical conductor is arranged in the passage opening, at least one in number, being electrically insulated from the base body, in a fixing material. In a particularly preferred manner, the fixing material is a glass, a glass-ceramic material and / or a ceramic material.
An entirely preferred application of the base body according to the invention relates to pyrotechnic triggering devices and / or ignition systems of airbags and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators and / or in sensors and / or actuators and / or large bushings and / or in TO boxes.
The invention is explained in detail below, on the basis of the embodiments which are described by way of example and illustrated by the drawings.
An exemplary embodiment relates to the application of basic bodies in accordance with the invention in airbag igniters and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators. Due to the fact that with airbag ignitors and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators, high explosive pressures of more than 1000 bar can be produced in the event of ignition, the body base is generally designed with a corresponding large thickness, that is to say a corresponding material resistance. The thickness of the base body is in particular in the range from 1.2 mm to 4 mm, advantageously in the range from 1.5 and 1.7 to 3 mm, and particularly advantageously from 1, 8 to 2.5 mm. The hole diameter of the second passage opening is generally between 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm.
In the case of large crossings of safety enclosures, the thickness of the base body and the diameter of the second passage opening may be several centimeters.
In the case of airbag ignitors and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators, the functional element is a metal pin fixed in the passage opening, like the earth pin brazed to the body basic. These metal pins are generally coated with gold, at least in certain partial areas along their axis. The gold coating has the effect of ensuring long-term corrosion insensitivity, as well as long-term contact. Metal pins are often coated with gold in their end regions. Thus, the area of the metal pin which is in the connection inserted during assembly for the use of the ignition device is preferably coated with gold. This reduces the transfer resistances in the plugged-in contact.
According to an advantageous embodiment, at least two metal pins are connected to each other in an electrically conductive manner, by means of an ignition bridge, on the side of the basic body which faces the agent. propellant. The ignition bridge can be formed by the ignition wire already described, and in this case the metal pins on this side generally do not project beyond the surface of the base body located on this side.
As described, the microstructure in the brazing zone can be characterized by the average roughness Ra and the average surface roughness Rz. In tests which also represent exemplary embodiments, an existing standard base body, devoid of microstructure, was compared with a series of base bodies in which microstructures were produced, at least in the brazing zone. The results are shown in Table 1.
Measure # Without microstructure [gm] With microstructure [gm] Standard Parameter 1 Parameter 2 Parameter 3 Parameter 4 Parameter 5 Ra RZ Ra RZ Ra RZ Ra RZ Ra RZ Ra RZ 1 0.15 1.22 0.46 2.84 0.88 4.04 1.03 6.36 1.17 7.22 1.65 13.74 2 0.26 1.72 0.54 2.68 0.79 4.15 1.16 5.66 1.40 8.24 1.60 9.88 3 0.17 1.67 0.52 2.66 1.08 4.89 1.64 10.07 0.96 6.25 1.78 11.24 4 0.08 0.79 0.91 5.62 0.86 4.06 1.15 6.67 1.24 7.40 1.84 10.34 5 0.16 1.65 0.58 3.15 0.88 4.16 1.00 5.62 1.69 10.03 1.69 9.99 Average value [gm] 0.16 1.41 0.60 3.39 0.90 4.26 1.19 6.88 1.29 7.83 1.71 11.04 σ [gm] 0.06 0.36 0.16 1.13 0.10 0.32 0.23 1.65 0.24 1.27 0.09 1.43
Table 1
Five different basic bodies were taken in each case in a series production and measured against the values of Ra and Rz. The measurement method used was the tactile measurement carried out using a Hommel tester which is known to those skilled in the art. Among the values determined in each case, the mean arithmetic value and the resulting standard deviation σ are two indicated in Table 1.
The column with the heading "Without microstructure" indicates the results of basic bodies not having received a microstructure. Of course, even these basic bodies are not completely smooth and for this reason the values Ra and Rz are different from 0. With the naked eye, these irregularities are visible for example in the form of scratches or craters in the surface. These are distributed randomly over the surface of the base body and can be caused for example during the transport of the base bodies, in particular when they are in contact with the walls of the transport container and / or when the bodies base collide with each other. The average value Ra of the basic bodies devoid of microstructure is 0.16 pm, with a standard deviation σ of 0.06 pm.
In the column “With microstructure”, the measured values for Ra and Rz are indicated for basic bodies in which a microstructure has been produced, at least in the soldering zone, using an infrared pulsed laser diode. . The different manufacturing conditions correspond to parameters 1 to 5, due to the power applied by the laser which is correlated with the integral of the variation over time of the laser pulse, and consequently of the pulse width. and the maximum power of the pulse. In the column with Parameter 1, the lowest laser radiation was applied, in the column with Parameter 2, a higher laser power was applied, and so on, up to the column with Parameter 5.
The applied laser power can in particular also be adjusted by overlapping the individual laser pulses and / or their pulse frequency.
It is observed that all the values of Ra and Rz, that is to say all the values of each individual measurement, are significantly greater than the values for a basic body devoid of microstructure. This also applies in particular to the respective average value of Ra and Rz. Consequently, it is quite obvious that a basic body, as proposed by the invention, provided with a microstructure, is clearly different from the existing basic bodies, devoid of microstructure.
Values of about 0.3 µm to 10 µm for Ra seem to be possible with a pulsed laser. Continuous wave (CW) laser tests were also carried out. In this way, it is even possible to reach values from 0.3 pm to around 100 pm for Ra.
These high roughness values suggest that not only does a high deposited laser power already make it possible to remove organic and / or carbon-containing impurities and / or metal oxide layers from the surface of the base body, but that the effects described higher thermal and / or laser induced reformation also play a role.
As explained, the presence of the microstructure in the brazing zone produces this effect, in particular through the interaction between the brazing material and the microstructure, as provided by the invention for a brazed connection between the second metal pin, the earth conductor and the base body. The quality of this brazed connection can be assessed by bending tests. For this purpose, the brazed spindle is gripped and flexed mechanically in both directions, at an angle which is each about 45 ° relative to the axis of this metal spindle. The pivot point of the bending is then as close as possible to the surface of the base body. This bending test is carried out on a test quantity of the components, for example 5,000 basic bodies, on which a ground pin is brazed.
The results of these bending tests carried out on basic bodies without microstructures and on basic bodies provided with microstructures are given in Table 2, more precisely in each case for a series of tests under critical conditions.
Test conditions Defect rate during the bending test (NOK / n) Without microstructure With microstructure Standard metallic impurities 123/5000 0/5000 Storage in oil 3/5000 0/5000
Table 2
As indicated in the column of the test conditions, a series of tests was carried out with basic bodies which were contaminated with the usual metallic impurities, here aluminum. This was in the form of a layer of powder mixed with organic constituents, on the basic body. This test simulates the appearance of contamination from metallic particles, as it frequently occurs during the manufacturing process. This generally involves a surface treatment step. A vibration grinding which can be used is defined in DIN 8589 where it is designated by "vibration finishing", since it is not always a grinding process but, depending on the process, it can also be act of running in or polishing. Vibratory grinding in a drum is also known as "barrel treatment". In this case, so-called “barrel” stones are used and can cause the metal removed by abrasion to deposit on the base bodies which are produced.
In another series of tests, the basic body test quantities were placed in an oil bath for 21 days, namely in mineral machine oil. This test simulates contamination with lubricants during the manufacturing process.
The two test conditions represent borderline cases of unfavorable manufacturing conditions that may exist in mass production. The tests are adapted to assess the quality of the process reliability. The basic body test quantities prepared respectively in this way were produced without microstructures and then welded to the ground pin. Other test quantities obtained under the same manufacturing conditions were fitted with a microstructure in the soldering area, using a pulsed laser diode, and were then soldered to the ground pin. The corresponding test quantities were subjected to bending tests.
As can be seen in Table 2, the components without microstructure had a defect rate of 123 out of 5,000 components or 3 out of 5,000 components. In Table 2, NOK stands for "not okay" and therefore indicates the number of components that failed the bend test cited. It is interesting to note that contamination with metals seems to be more critical for the brazed bond than oil enrichment.
In comparison, the amount of component testing that had a microstructure had no defective parts. In other words, all of the components examined had passed the flex test, regardless of contamination. This proves that the presence of the microstructure, as provided by the invention, makes it possible to obtain a significant improvement in the reliability of the production of the brazed connection, and consequently a considerable improvement in the productivity of crossings of this type. Series of tests as in Table 2 were carried out for basic bodies of turned parts and basic bodies punched and cold formed. The result that basic bodies with a microstructure in the brazing area have a reliable brazed connection is confirmed independently of the manufacturing process of the basic body.
The invention will be explained in detail below, with reference to the figures. The drawings are not to scale, and the embodiments are shown schematically. The figures also show embodiments which are given by way of examples.
Figure 1 shows a known ignition device, comprising a crossing element according to the state of the art, without microstructure in the brazing zone.
Figure 2a shows a section through a crossing element according to the invention, parallel to its central axis.
FIG. 2b shows the plan view of the surface of a crossing element according to the invention.
Figure 3 shows a detail of the section of a crossing element according to the invention, parallel to the central axis thereof, with a brazing zone provided with a microstructure.
Figure 4 shows schematically the metallic structure of a basic body during wet chemical treatment.
Figure 5 shows schematically the metal structure of the base body according to the invention, during its treatment.
Figure 6a shows a photo of a detail of the microstructure.
Figure 6b shows the detail corresponding to Figure 6a transformed into a drawing.
Figure 7 schematically shows the function of the microstructure as a soldering stopper.
Figure 8 shows schematically the detail of the section of a base body according to the invention, with the meniscus of the brazed connection.
Figure 9 shows a basic body according to the invention, with a microstructure over its entire surface.
FIG. 1 represents an ignition device known from the state of the art, intended for a pyrotechnic protection device, and in the present case, it is by way of example an airbag igniter . Figure 1 thus shows in particular a sectional view of a crossing element. This crossing element comprises a metal support piece with a base body 1 which has the shape of a disc. The crossing element is often also called a "base element" or simply a "base element". In a passage opening 4 of the base body 1, a metal pin 5 is also arranged as a functional element. In the present case, the passage opening 4 has been punched in the base body 1. The metal pin 5 is used to establish contact with an ignition bridge 9 for the supply of electric current, using which the propellant charge 25 enclosed in the finished igniter is started. The current crossing in the passage opening 4 is configured in particular in the form of a glass-metal crossing, the glass serving as fixing material 10 between the metal pin 5 and the wall of the passage opening 4 in the basic body 1 metallic. It is also possible to use high performance polymers or other suitable materials in the passage opening.
In the case of the example shown in FIG. 1, the passage opening 4 is arranged eccentrically with respect to the central axis of the base body 1. This makes it possible to obtain that, even with a small radius of the base body 1, there is sufficient space for fixing a second metal pin 6. This second metal pin 6 welded flat against the base body 1, by means of a brazed connection, and therefore serves of earth pin, also designated as grounding pin 6. The brazings described, in particular metallic brazing materials, in particular heavy brazing, are used as brazing material 7. The brazing material 7 forms a meniscus between the surface of the base body 1 and the ground pin 6. The brazing material 7 covers a surface area of the base body 1 and thus forms a brazing area. The brazing material 7 covers the microstructure in the brazing area. This applies to all of the drawings and examples of construction. The diameter of the brazing zone corresponds to the diameter of the brazing material 7. For reasons of production possibilities, the brazing material 7 must not flow into the passage opening 4 and / or onto the insulating material 10 being in it. Consequently, the earth pin 7 must keep a minimum distance from the passage opening 4. Similarly, wetting of the outer wall of the base body 1 with the brazing material 7 must be avoided. For this reason, a minimum distance of the earth pin 6 from the periphery of base body 1 must be maintained. And even if minimum distances are maintained, statistical deviations and / or slight errors during the manufacturing process can cause such undesirable expansions of the solder material 7, which results in a component being defective and is therefore refused.
In comparison, FIG. 2a shows the section through a crossing element according to the invention, parallel to the central axis of the latter and passing through it. The base body 1 has a first surface 11, here the upper face, and a second surface 12, which extends parallel to the first surface in many embodiments and is here the lower face. The upper face 11 generally faces the propellant 25; on the underside 12, the electrical contacts are usually made. FIG. 2b shows a plan view of the lower face 12.
The disc-shaped metal base body 1 has a passage opening 4, through which the metal rod 5 passes as a pin. The passage opening 4 can be produced by punching in the base body 1. The outer contour of the base body 1 of this example was punched in a strip of metal foil, so that the entire body of base 1 represents a hallmarked part. However, it is also possible and covered by the scope of the invention to produce the basic body from a metal wire material, by cold forming. In the passage opening 4, the metal pin 5 is fixed by being electrically insulated from the base body 1 using a glass material 10, as the first pin, also called the pin contact. This first metal pin 5 is hermetically sealed by the glass in the first passage opening 4 of the metal base body 1. The glass material 10 of this glass-to-metal crossing is completely surrounded by the material of the base body 1, which represents the external conductor. The glass material 10 has in particular a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than the metal of the base body 1, so that, during the cooling after the brazing of the metal pin 5 in the glass material 10, the base body 1 shrinks so to speak on the latter and consequently on the glass-to-metal crossing, and thus permanently exerts mechanical pressure on the latter and on the glass material 10. Thus, a particularly tight and mechanically stable connection is created between the metal spindle 5, the glass material 10 and the base body 1. This arrangement is known as coating of glass by compression and is preferable for example for airbag igniters. The use of glass ceramic materials and / or high performance polymers is also possible and falls within the scope of the invention.
The second metal pin 6 is connected as a ground pin to the base body 1, in the brazing zone 7, by a brazed connection. At least in the brazing zone 7, the base body 1 has a microstructure 8 which, in a manner corresponding to this embodiment, is characterized by depressions in the surface of the base body. Between the hollows, bands of a shallower depth are provided, compared to the bottom of the hollows, which represent, so to speak, edges of the individual hollows of the microstructure 8. In particular, these edges represent a stop means for the brazing material. This means in particular that the flow of the brazing material, during the melting, is controlled by the microstructure 8. As described above, the brazing material 7 covers the microstructure in the brazing zone and interacts with it. Thanks to the microstructure, the brazing area with the brazing material 7 is also limited to the diameter (d).
The bushing element 1 according to the invention and the method for producing it constitute a less complex embodiment of an ignition device than those known from the prior art possible, mainly because the presence of the microstructure 8 makes it possible to control the diameter (d) of the soldering zone 7. This results in the number of defective components, and consequently the number of rejected parts, during mass production, being reduced.
Figure 3 shows a detail of Figure 2a, in the region of the brazed connection. The brazing area with the brazing material 7 is also visible there. The brazing material forms on the wall a meniscus with the radius (r) relative to the earth pin 6. The brazing zone 7 has the diameter (d). The microstructure 8 is provided in the brazing zone, and possibly beyond. According to the invention, the brazed connection between the metal pin 6 and the base body 1 is located at the location where the microstructure is present. To achieve the objectives of the invention, it is also possible to provide the microstructure on the whole of the lower face 12 of the base body 1. Between the upper face of the ground pin 6 and the surface of the base body 1 , there is usually a space filled with solder material, called solder joint 70, with the width of solder joint (s). Advantageously, the widths of brazing joints are between 10 μm and 70 μm.
FIG. 4 schematically shows the metallic structure of a basic body during the wet chemical treatment, corresponding to the state of the art. A detail of the basic body is shown in each case. In this example, the base body is made of austenitic steel containing chromium. The metal microstructure of the base body comprises phases of austenite 101 and martensite 102, the production of which can be promoted in particular by deformation processes of the base body during its manufacture. The top illustration shows the basic state of the basic body 1. The surface of the basic body 1 is covered by a layer 40 of chromium oxide in which there can be zones 41 of iron oxide. The areas of iron oxide can in particular be arranged in the manner of rust spots on the surface of the basic body.
In a manner corresponding to the prior manufacturing process of the prior art, the basic body is subjected to a process of chemical attack in a bath of mixed acids. The result of such a chemical attack process is shown in the illustration in the middle. As can be seen, although most of the chromium oxide layer has been removed, there are still areas 40. Likewise, areas of iron oxide 41 are still present after the chemical attack. Chemical attack often causes selective corrosion of the different phases of the metal microstructure. Thus, in this illustration, martensite has in particular been attacked by selective corrosion in zone 103. In general, martensite tends to be more easily attacked by acid than ferrite, and on the other hand, ferrite is more easily attacked as austenite. Another form of deterioration is intergranular corrosion in zone 104. Here, the acid attack seems to cause the formation of cracks at the grain boundaries of the same phases of the metal microstructure. Likewise, the zone 105 is subjected to pitting corrosion which can cause recesses in the form of holes in the surface of the base body.
The lower part of the illustration shows the state of the basic body, after aging under atmospheric conditions according to the classical process. The main effect is the re-oxidation of the metal surface, which manifests as layers of iron oxide 410 on the surface. Similarly, in the region of intergranular corrosion 104, there may be a decrease in the chromium fraction in the metal microstructure, which can weaken and / or modify it in relation to its chemical properties. The areas with layers of chromium oxide 40 and iron oxide 41 remaining after the etching are of course still present. Overall, on a base body, corrosion creates a rough surface with Ra and Rz values other than 0. However, the structures are arranged randomly and do not form a microstructure. Likewise, the recesses on the surface are smaller and less deep than the microstructures according to the invention. The Ra and Rz values of the base body according to the conventional manufacturing process correspond to the values indicated in Table 1.
In comparison with the conventional process, FIG. 5 schematically represents the metallic structure of a basic body during the physical treatment corresponding to the invention. In the present example, the basic body treatment was carried out in the form of a laser-based surface treatment, here an infrared laser diode. The upper part of FIG. 5 again represents the basic state of the basic body 1. This corresponds to the basic state of FIG. 4.
The middle of FIG. 5 shows the state of the basic body after the realization of the microstructure 8 which is created here by laser structuring. It was found that no selective corrosion, no intergranular corrosion and no pitting corrosion were observed. On the other hand, the chromium oxide layer 40 and the iron oxide layer 41 were removed, so that they are not present in this illustration. Instead, the structure shown makes it possible to obtain a very flat and uniform surface which is divided by ribs 80. These have a rib width (b) which, in the illustration, can be between approximately 0 , 5 pm and about 8 pm. The ribs have a height which corresponds to the hole depth (t) of the hollows between the ribs 80. In this example, the hole depth corresponds to approximately 4 μm to 8 μm. The spacing of the ribs from each other corresponds to the hole width (1). In the present example, this is about 50 µm. However, the invention provides the possibility of regulating it, in particular within the advantageous ranges described above. The combination of the ribs 80 and the recesses located between them and / or delimited by them represents the microstructure, as it is provided by the invention. The rib height is in particular greater than the recesses of the base body which are produced by corrosion, in the manner corresponding to FIG. 4. In examples of embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5, the values for Ra and Rz can also adopt in particular the values shown in Table 1.
The lower part of Figure 5 again shows the state of the basic body after aging under atmospheric conditions. The main process here is also oxidation. It has been found that an almost ideal film or passivation layer 400 is formed surprisingly, especially in the hollows between the ribs. As we have seen, this layer is generally very thin. For illustration reasons, it is not shown in relation to the dimensions of the ribs 80 and other elements. In this example, it has a thickness of approximately 3 nm. This means that the passivation layer can be thinner than the height of the ribs and / or the height of the depressions (t). The composition of the passivation layer depends on the metal of the base body. In the present example of a basic steel body containing chromium, the layer 400 comprises CrO _x ; particularly preferably, this layer comprises or consists of CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nLLO.
FIG. 6a shows the photo of a detail of a basic body 1 produced by the method described, in which microstructures were produced using a laser treatment. The structure of the microstructure, in the form of a mesh, is clearly visible. The lines of the mesh are, so to speak, formed by the ribs 80, and the openings of the mesh by the hollows.
In Figure 6b, for illustration purposes, the photo in Figure 6a has been transformed into a drawing format. The hollows of the microstructure 8 have the hole width (1) which can here, for example, be 70 μm.
FIG. 7 schematically shows the detail of a basic body according to the invention, in the region of the end of the brazing region, and more precisely the section of the region of the microstructure 8, in the region soldering. The wetting of the surface of the base body 1 ends here in the region of the microstructure. Even if, as described, the metallic brazing material 7 forms a meniscus with respect to the ground pin 6, there is at the end of the brazing zone a contact angle or wettability angle φ with respect to the surface of the basic body. Individual elements of the microstructure 8 limit the flow of the brazing material 7. It is assumed that the treatment of the material of the surface of the base body, which is carried out as described above, acts jointly with the molten metallic brazing material, possibly through adhesion forces and / or other bonding forces. Thus, the spreading of the metallic brazing material 7 is probably limited. Likewise, it seems possible that the change in structure in microstructure 8 acts in conjunction with the surface tension of the molten metal brazing material, so that the contact angle or wettability angle φ is increased, and the flow molten brazing material is thus stopped, for example at the location of a rib of the microstructure. Combinations of these effects are also possible.
Figure 8 shows schematically a detail of a base body according to the invention, in the region of the ground pin 6 brazed and part of the brazing area 7. The metallic brazing material 7 forms relative to the ground pin 6, a brazing meniscus which rises on the ground pin 6. For reasons of simplification, the microstructure is not shown here. Between the surface of the base body 1 and the head portion of the ground pin 6, there is the solder joint 70 with the width of the solder joint (s). The brazing meniscus has the radius (r) which is illustrated by the circle drawn by a dashed line with the radius (r). As described, the invention makes it possible to reduce the radius R in a controlled manner and / or compared with the state of the art. This makes it possible to obtain smaller and controlled diameters (d) for the brazing zone 7. In particular, as described, the variation in the radius (r) and in the diameter (d) of the brazing zone 7 is reduced by the microstructure 8. It is thus possible to use less brazing material and to increase production reliability, which in turn makes it possible to considerably reduce the production costs of the basic bodies according to the invention.
FIG. 9 schematically represents a basic body 1 in accordance with the invention, here in the form of a bushing intended for an airbag ignition device and / or a seat belt tensioner and / or a gas generator. The elements of it have already been described above. As can be seen, the basic body has on a surface a microstructure 8 which covers the entire surface. As described, corrosion of the metal surface, as it results from the wet chemical processes previously used, can be prevented by laser-based treatment processes. The base body 1 shown in particular has a homogeneous passivation layer 400. A base body 1 of this type can in particular be more resistant mechanically and more resistant to corrosion than the basic bodies known previously.
Statements
1. Basic body intended for a crossing element, comprising a metallic basic body, at least one passage opening intended to receive a functional element in a fixing material, in particular an electrically insulating fixing material, and at least one conductor which is electrically conductively connected to the base body by a brazed connection, in which the brazed connection comprises a metallic brazing material, in which the metallic brazing material covers a surface area of the basic body and thus forms a zone of brazing on a surface of the base body, in which the base body has, at least in the brazing area, a microstructure which has at least recesses in the surface of the base body, and in which the metallic brazing material covers the microstructure in the soldering area.
2. Basic body according to item 1, in which the microstructure is a stop element for the metallic brazing material.
3. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the hollows of the microstructure form a substantially regular pattern.
4. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the hollows of the microstructure are arranged in close proximity to each other and / or overlap at least in certain regions; preferably, the microstructure, seen in plan, consists of a grid in the form of points and / or of a structure in the form of a mesh and / or of a structure in the form of a grid.
5. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the hollows of the microstructure are areas structured by laser in the surface of the base body, in particular areas obtained by laser ablation and / or areas which are locally thermally reformed, in a laser induced manner, and / or areas which are locally reformed by a laser induced pressure effect.
6. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the microstructure takes the form of grooves and / or the microstructure comprises hollows with round and / or oval and / or rectangular diameters; preferably, the hollows have the form of craters and / or the form of cups.
7. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which, measured from the surface of the basic body, the hollows of the microstructure have a depth ranging substantially up to 70 μm, in particular up to 50 μm, in particular from 0.7 pm to 70 pm, in particular from 0.7 pm to 50 pm, preferably from 0.7 pm to 20 pm, particularly advantageously from 1 pm to 10 pm and very particularly advantageously from 2 pm at 10 pm.
8. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the base body has, in the region of the microstructure, an average roughness Ra> 0.35 pm and / or an average surface roughness Rz> 1 pm; preferably, Ra is in the range of 0.35 pm to 15 pm and / or Rz is in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, and in particular, Rz e is in the range of 1 pm to 15 pm.
9. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the hollows of the microstructures are formed so that there is a rib between the individual hollows.
10. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the diameter of the depressions, measured at their narrowest points, is between 10 pm and up to 200 pm, advantageously between 20 pm and 150 pm, so particularly advantageous between 80 pm and 150 pm, and very particularly advantageously between 80 pm and 150 pm.
11. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the surface of the microstructure does not contain organic matter and / or no carbon, at least in the hollows; preferably, there is provided, at least in the recesses, a pure metallic surface or a substantially homogeneous oxide layer, advantageously a thin oxide layer, the thickness of which is preferably less than 10 nm and is particularly advantageously between 1 nm and 6 nm.
12. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which, at least in the region in which the microstructure is present, the base body comprises a metal containing chromium or consists of this metal, in particular a steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel, including a fine steel containing chromium and / or containing nickel, and, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is covered with a homogeneous layer comprising CrO _x and / or NiO _x ; this layer preferably comprises CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nkbO and / or NiO _x (OH) 2- _x · nkbO or is made up of these.
13. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the metal brazing material is a strong brazing; preferably, the metallic brazing material is substantially free of palladium.
14. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the metallic brazing material by which the conductor is electrically conductive connected to the base body forms, at the transition to the surface of the base body, a meniscus which has a radius of maximum 0.40 mm.
15. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which there is, between the surface of the conductor which faces the basic body and the microstructured surface of the basic body, a solder joint, filled with material of metallic brazing, which has a brazing joint width of at most 100 μm, advantageously from 3 nm to 100 μm, particularly advantageously of maximum 80 μm or of maximum 70 μm, particularly advantageously of 3 nm at 70 pm, measured from the lowest point of the hollow of the microstructure.
16. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the microstructure increases the force which is necessary to cause a shear rupture and / or a tearing of the earth pin, compared to a crossing element devoid of microstructure; preferably the shear and / or tear strength is increased by at least 10%.
17. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the brazing zone has a maximum diameter, measured parallel to the surface of the base body, which is at most twice the diameter of the ground pin.
18. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the shortest distance between the external periphery of the passage opening and the external periphery of the conductor, measured at the point of connection with the basic body, is d '' maximum 2.5 mm.
19. Base body according to at least one of the preceding statements, in which the shortest distance between the outer periphery of the base body and the outer periphery of the conductor, measured at the point of connection with the base body, is at least maximum 2.5 mm; preferably, this distance is between 2.0 and
2.4 mm.
20. Basic body according to at least one of the preceding statements, intended for the manufacture of devices for igniting airbags or seat belt tensioners, in which, in the passage opening, at least at least one, a conductor is arranged as a functional element in an electrically insulating fixing material, and the conductor electrically conductive connected to the base body is in the form of a ground pin which is brazed flat against the base body in the soldering area.
21. Base body according to item 20, in which the earth pin has a diameter of 1 mm + 0.02 mm, and the meniscus of the metallic brazing material, at the transition to the surface of the base body, has a radius less than 0.40 mm, preferably less than 0.36 mm, in particular less than 0.30 mm, and in a particularly advantageous manner less than 0.22 mm.
22. Basic body according to at least one of the statements 20 and 21, in which the volume of the metallic brazing material is less than 0.16 mm ³ , preferably less than 0.13 mm ³ , in particular less than 0.10 mm ³ , and particularly preferably less than 0.07 mm ³ .
23. Basic body according to at least one of the statements 20 to 22, in which the brazing zone has a diameter of 1 mm to 2.5 mm, in particular from 1 mm to 2.0 mm.
24. Crossing element provided with a basic body according to at least one of items 1 to 23, in which, in the passage opening, at least one in number, at least one functional element is arranged in a material electrically insulating fixing.
25. Crossing element according to item 24, in which the functional element is an electrical conductor, in particular a pin-shaped electrical conductor, and / or a waveguide and / or a hollow conductor and / or a conductor optic and / or thermocouple.
26. Feed-through element according to item 24 and / or 25, in which the basic body has exactly one passage opening in which an electrical conductor is arranged in a glass material or a glass-ceramic material or a ceramic or a plastic material .
27. Quantity of basic body or feed-through elements according to at least one of the preceding statements, intended for the manufacture of airbag igniters or seat belt tensioners or gas generators, comprising a quantity of 'test of 5,000 base bodies or bushings, with which the defect rate in a bending test with the earth pin is less than 0.5 per thousand.
28. Quantity of basic body or crossing elements according to at least one of the preceding statements, intended for the manufacture of airbag igniter or seat belt tensioners or gas generators, comprising a quantity of test of 1000 base bodies or feed-through elements, with which the standard deviation of the mean value of the diameter of the brazing zones in this test amount is in the range of 0% to 6% of the mean diameter of the brazing area in this test quantity.
29. Method of manufacturing a basic body for a crossing element, comprising the following steps:
- placement of a metal base body of a predetermined thickness and with a predetermined external contour, which has two substantially opposite surfaces 31, 32,
- creation of at least one passage opening 4, 20 in the base body 1,
- making a microstructure in at least one area of a surface of the base body, by making recesses in the surface of the base body,
- installation of at least one conductor 5, 6,
- brazing of the conductor 5, 6, at least one in number, at the base body, in the region in which the microstructure is present, with a metallic brazing material which melts during the brazing process, the flow of the material of molten metal brazing being stopped and / or limited at least by elements of the microstructure, and the region on the surface of the base body which is covered by the brazing material forming a brazing zone, so that the conductor 5, 6, at least one in number, is electrically conductive connected to the base body, in the soldering zone.
30. Method according to the statement, according to which the microstructure is created with methods of removing material from the surface of the base body, preferably by grinding the base body, particularly advantageously by printing in the base body .
31. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 and 30, according to which the laser structuring is used to create the microstructure.
32. Method according to statement 31, according to which the microstructure is produced at least in part by laser ablation and / or laser desorption, during which material from the surface of the base body, in particular oxide layers and / or organic impurities, is removed under the effect of laser radiation, thereby exposing a substantially bare metal surface of the base body which reflects the incident laser radiation; in particular, the bare metal surface discovered limits the depth of the microstructure.
33. Method according to at least one of the statements 3 1 and 32, according to which, during the laser structuring, the surface material of the base body is reformed by laser radiation, in particular by local heating with in particular local fusion of the material of the base body, and / or by a pressure effect induced by laser, during which the laser radiation locally heats a gaseous atmosphere, at least in the vicinity of the base body, and in particular a plasma is ignited locally, so as to create a pressure wave which distorts the surface of the base body.
34. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 33, according to which the microstructure, seen in plan, consists of a grid in the form of points and / or a rectangular grid and / or a structure under the form of a mesh and / or of a structure in the form of a grid.
35. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 34, according to which, during the creation of the microstructure, impurities and / or organic substances and / or substances containing carbon and / or oxides present on the surface of the basic body are eliminated.
36. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 35, according to which, after the creation of the microstructure and before brazing on the conductor, the basic body is covered with a layer of substantially homogeneous and thin oxide, at least in the microstructure region; preferably the oxygen to form the oxide layer comes from the ambient atmosphere.
37. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 36, according to which, after the realization of the microstructure, the basic body contains substantially no organic matter and / or no carbon, at least in the hollows; preferably there is provided, at least in the recesses, a pure metallic surface or a substantially homogeneous and preferably thin oxide layer, the thickness of which is preferably less than 10 nm and is in particular between 1 nm and 6 nm .
38. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 37, according to which, at least in the region in which the microstructure is present, the basic body comprises a metal containing chromium or is made of this metal, in particular a steel containing chromium, including a fine steel containing chromium, and, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is covered, by oxidation, with a homogeneous layer, comprising CrO _x and / or NiO _x ; this layer preferably comprises CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nl / LO and / or this layer comprises or consists of NiO _x (OH) 2- _x · nl / LO.
39. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 38, according to which a strong brazing is used as a metallic brazing material; advantageously, the metallic brazing material is substantially free of palladium; before brazing, the metallic brazing material is advantageously arranged around the conductor, in the form of a ring, so that during brazing, the metallic brazing material flows in the microstructure and forms the brazing zone , with a solder joint between the conductor 6 and the surface of the base body, in the region of the microstructure 8 which is filled with the metallic solder material.
40. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 39, according to which, measured from the surface of the base body, the microstructures are produced in the base body with a depth of maximum 70 μm, substantially 0.7 μm at 70 pm, advantageously from 0.7 pm to 20 pm, in particular from 1 pm to 10 pm and quite advantageously from 2 pm to 10 pm.
41. Method according to at least one of the statements 29 to 40, according to which the microstructure is produced in the base body so as to obtain an average roughness Ra> 0.35 pm and / or an average surface roughness Rz> 1 pm; advantageously, Ra is in the range from 0.35 pm to 15 pm and / or Rz is in the range from 1 pm to 50 pm, and in particular, Rz is in the range from 1 pm at 15 pm.
42. Use of a basic body and / or of a bushing element according to at least one of the items 1 to 23, in an electrical bushing element.
43. Use of a basic body and / or of a crossing element according to at least one of items 1 to 23, in pyrotechnic release devices and / or airbag ignition systems and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators and / or in sensors and / or in actuators and / or in large crossings and / or in TO boxes and / or in battery boxes and / or in capacitor housings or as part and / or region thereof.
As described, a basic body 1 according to the invention has considerable advantages compared to known basic bodies. On the one hand, the control of the brazing zone has the effect that the basic bodies in accordance with the invention have smaller variations in the diameter (d) of the brazing zone, in the radius (r) of the brazing meniscus and the width of the solder joint (s). This means that the brazed connection between the base body 1 and the ground pin 6 is more reliably established. Therefore, the basic bodies 1 according to the invention can be manufactured more efficiently during an industrial process and in particular the number of rejected parts is reduced. Similarly, it is possible to reduce the amount of brazing material used. Likewise, controlling the diameter (d) of the brazing zone 7 makes it possible to obtain smaller diameters (d), so that the ground pin 6 can be arranged closer to the periphery of the base body and / or a passage opening 4. As a result, the diameter of the base body 1 can be chosen smaller and miniaturized base bodies thus become possible. On the other hand, the basic bodies according to the invention do not undergo deterioration due to corrosion, or at least to a much lesser extent, at the level of their metallic microstructure. In addition, they can be covered with an effective passivation layer, in particular a homogeneous layer. This increases their mechanical load capacity and / or their resistance to corrosion. The 10 components made from these bodies benefit in the sense that their lifespan and / or their reliability is improved.
List of references
Basic body
hood
Passage opening
Functional element, 1st metal pin
Conductor, 2nd metal pin, earth pin
Metal brazing material, brazing area
microstructure
Bridge wire
Electrical insulating fastening material
Base body surface, upper side
Base body surface, underside
Propulsion charge
Chromium oxide
Iron oxide
Soldering joint
Rib
101 Austenite phase
102 Martensite phase
103 Selective corrosion
104 Intergranular corrosion
105 Pitting corrosion
400 Passivation film
410 Reformed iron oxide d Diameter of the soldering area r Meniscus radius s Width of the solder joint b Rib width t Depth of trough
Hole width

权利要求:
Claims (26)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
1. Base body intended for a passage element, comprising a metal base body (1), at least one passage opening (4) intended to receive a functional element (5) in a fixing material (10), in particular an electrically insulating fixing material (10), and at least one conductor (6) which is electrically conductive connected to the base body by a brazed connection, in which the brazed connection comprises a metallic brazing material (7), in which the metallic brazing material (7) covers a surface area of the base body (1) and thus forms a brazing area on a surface of the base body, in which the base body (1) has, at least in the soldering area, a microstructure (8) which has at least recesses in the surface of the base body.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Base body (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the microstructure (8) is a stop element for the metallic brazing material (7).
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Basic body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollows of the microstructure (8) are arranged in close proximity to each other and / or they overlap at least in certain regions; preferably, the microstructure, seen in plan, consists of a grid in the form of points and / or of a structure in the form of a mesh and / or of a structure in the form of a grid.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollows of the microstructure include laser structured zones in the surface of the base body, in particular zones obtained by laser ablation and / or zones which are locally reformed thermally, in a laser induced manner, and / or zones which are locally reformed by a pressure effect induced by laser.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Basic body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microstructure (8) takes the form of grooves and / or the microstructure comprises recesses with round and / or oval and / or rectangular diameters ; preferably, the hollows have the form of craters and / or the form of cups.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, measured from the surface of the base body, the hollows of the microstructure (8) have a depth of substantially up to 70 µm, preferably ranging from 0.7 pm to 70 pm, preferably from 0.7 pm to 20 pm, in particular from 1 pm to 10 pm and in a particularly advantageous manner from 2 pm to 10 pm.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body has, in the region of the microstructure (8), an average roughness Ra> 0.35 pm and / or a roughness average area Rz> 1 µm; preferably, Ra is in the range of 0.35 pm to 15 pm and / or Rz is in the range of 1 pm to 50 pm, and in particular, Rz is in the range of 1 pm to 15 pm.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the recesses, measured at their narrowest points, is between 10 pm and up to 200 pm, preferably between 20 pm and up to 150 pm, in particular between 80 pm and 150 pm, and in a particularly advantageous manner between 80 pm and 150 pm.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Basic body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollows of the microstructure (8) are formed so that there are, between the individual hollows, ribs which are covered with 'an oxide layer different from the oxide layer on the surface of the recesses, or the ribs are covered with an oxide layer, and the recesses have a substantially bare metal surface.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, at least in the region where the microstructure (8) is present, the base body comprises a metal containing chromium or consists of metal containing chromium, in particular a steel containing chromium, including a fine steel containing chromium, and, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is covered with a homogeneous layer comprising CrO _x and / or NiOx; this layer preferably comprises CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nELO and / or NiO _x (OH) 2- _x · nEbO or is made up of these.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic brazing material is a strong brazing; preferably, the metallic brazing material is substantially free of palladium.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. Basic body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic brazing material by which the conductor is electrically conductive connected to the basic body forms, at the transition to the surface of the body. base, a meniscus that has a radius of up to 0.40 mm.
[13" id="c-fr-0013]
13. base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is, between the surface of the conductor (6) which faces the base body and the microstructured surface (8) of the body base, a brazing joint (70), filled with metallic brazing material, which has a brazing joint width (s) of at most 100 µm, preferably from 3 nm to 100 µm, especially at most 80 µm or at most 70 µm, and particularly preferably from 3 nm to 70 µm, measured from the lowest point of the hollow of the microstructure.
[14" id="c-fr-0014]
14. Base body (1) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body is a crossing element or a part of such a crossing element, knowing that in the passage opening ( 4), at least one in number, a conductor (5) is arranged as a functional element in an electrically insulating fastening material (10), and the conductor connected in an electrically conductive manner to the base body is present under in the form of an earth pin (6) which is brazed flat against the base body (1) in the brazing zone (7).
[15" id="c-fr-0015]
15. Base body (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the earth pin (6) has a diameter of 1 mm + 0.02 mm, and the meniscus of the metallic brazing material, at the transition to the surface of the base body (1), has a radius of at most 0.40 mm, preferably at most 0.36 mm, in particular at most 0.30 mm, and particularly advantageously at least maximum 0.22 mm.
[16" id="c-fr-0016]
16. Basic body according to at least one of claims 14 and
15, characterized in that the volume of the metallic brazing material is less than 0.16 mm ³ , preferably less than 0.13 mm ³ , in particular less than 0.10 mm ³ , and particularly advantageously less than 0, 07 mm ³ .
[17" id="c-fr-0017]
17. Basic body according to at least one of claims 15 and
16, characterized in that the brazing zone has a diameter of 1 mm to 2.0 mm.
[18" id="c-fr-0018]
18. Quantity of basic bodies intended for the manufacture of airbag igniters or seat belt tensioners or gas generators, comprising a test quantity of 5000 basic bodies (1) according to at least one of claims 14 to 17, with which the defect rate during a bending test with the earth pin is less than 1 to 2000.
[19" id="c-fr-0019]
19. Quantity of basic bodies intended for the production of airbag ignitors and / or seat belt tensioners and / or gas generators, including a test quantity of 1,000 basic bodies according to au at least one of claims 14 to 17, with which the standard deviation of the mean value of the diameter of the brazing zones in this test quantity is in the range from 0% to 6% of the mean diameter of the brazing zone in this test amount.
[20" id="c-fr-0020]
20. Method for manufacturing a basic body (1) for a crossing element, comprising the following steps:
- establishment of a metal base body (1) of a predetermined thickness and with a predetermined outer contour, which has two substantially opposite surfaces (31, 32),
- creation of at least one passage opening (4, 20) in the base body (1),
- making a microstructure in at least one area of a surface of the base body, by making recesses in the surface of the base body (1), so as to produce a microstructure (8),
- installation of at least one functional element (5, 6),
- installation of an electrically insulating fixing material (10),
- placement of at least one conductor (5, 6),
- arrangement of the electrically insulating fixing material (10), in the passage opening (4), of at least one number, and fixing of the functional element, of at least one, in the material of electrically insulating fixing,
- brazing of the conductor (5, 6), at least one in number, at the base body, in the region in which the microstructure (8) is present, with a metallic brazing material (7) which melts during the process of brazing, the flow of molten brazing material (7) being stopped and / or limited at least by elements of the microstructure (8) and the region on the surface of the base body which is covered by the brazing material forming a soldering area (7), so that the conductor (5, 6), at least one in number, is electrically conductive connected to the base body, in the soldering area.
[21" id="c-fr-0021]
21. Method according to at least one of claims 19 and 20, characterized in that the production of laser structures is used to create the microstructure (8), preferably laser ablation and / or laser desorption, during which material surface of the base body (1), in particular layers of oxide and / or organic impurities, is removed under the effect of laser radiation, thus discovering a substantially bare metallic surface of the base body (1), which reflects the incident laser radiation; preferably, the bare metal surface discovered limits the depth of the microstructure.
[22" id="c-fr-0022]
22. Method according to claim 21, characterized in that, under the effect of laser radiation, the surface material of the base body (1) is reformed, in particular by local heating with in particular the local melting of the material of the body of base (1) and / or by a laser-induced pressure effect, during which the laser radiation locally heats a gaseous atmosphere, at least in the vicinity of the base body (1), and in particular a plasma is ignited locally, so as to create a pressure wave which distorts the surface of the base body.
[23" id="c-fr-0023]
23. Method according to at least one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that, after the realization of the microstructure, the base body (1) does not contain organic matter and / or no carbon, at least in the hollows ; preferably, there is provided, at least in the recesses, a pure metallic surface or an oxide layer (400) substantially homogeneous and preferably thin, the thickness of which is preferably less than 10 nm and is preferably between 1 nm and 6 nm.
[24" id="c-fr-0024]
24. Method according to at least one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that, at least in the region in which the microstructure is present, the base body (1) comprises a metal containing chromium or is made of this metal, in particular a steel containing chromium, including a fine steel containing chromium, and, at least in the hollows of the microstructure, the surface is covered, by oxidation, with a homogeneous layer (400), comprising CrO _x and / or NiOx; this layer preferably comprises CrO _x (OH) 2- _x · nFUO and / or Ni0 _x (OH) 2- _x · nFbO or is made up of these.
[25" id="c-fr-0025]
25. Method according to at least one of claims 18 to 24, characterized in that a strong solder is used as a metallic solder material (7); preferably, the metallic brazing material (7) is substantially free of palladium; before brazing, the metallic brazing material is preferably arranged around the conductor (6), in the form of a ring, so that during brazing, the metallic brazing material flows in the microstructure (8) and forms the soldering area (7) with a soldering joint (70) between the conductor (6) and the surface of the base body (1), in the region of the microstructure (8) which is filled with the material 5 metal brazing.
[26" id="c-fr-0026]
26. Use of a basic body (1) according to at least one of claims 1 to 17 for pyrotechnic release devices and / or ignition systems of airbags and / or seat belt tensioners and / or 10 gas generators and / or in sensors and / or in actuators and / or in large bushings and / or in TO boxes and / or in electrical storage devices, in particular batteries and / or rechargeable batteries and / or capacitors.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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KR20190039872A|2019-04-16|

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DE102017123278A1|2019-04-11|

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CZ2018532A3|2019-10-16|

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JP2021000663A|2021-01-07|

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FR3072040B1|2020-05-08|

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US11205610B2|2021-12-21|

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CN109623071A|2019-04-16|

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KR102238064B1|2021-04-08|

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JP6768759B2|2020-10-14|

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US20190109071A1|2019-04-11|

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法律状态:
2019-10-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2019-11-08| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20191108 |

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2020-10-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2021-10-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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DE102017123278.8A|DE102017123278A1|2017-10-06|2017-10-06|Body with soldered ground pin, process for its preparation and its uses|

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DE102017123278.8|2017-10-06|

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