• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a penetrometer (100) for the static mode measurement of the penetration resistance of a soil comprising at least one central rod (1) terminated at a first end by a measuring tip (11) and at least one a hollow tube (2) surrounding the central rod (1) and within which the latter is slidable, The penetrometer (100) is remarkable in that the hollow tube (2) comprises: • a first part (21) ) having at least one seal (24) between its inner wall and the central rod (1), • a second portion (22) having a diameter (d2) smaller than that (d1) of the first portion (21) and within which a fluid (41) is to be injected; At least one expulsion orifice (23) located between the first (21) and the second part (22), said fluid (41) being intended to exit through the expulsion orifice (23).
    公开号:FR3070171A1
    申请号:FR1757733
    申请日:2017-08-18
    公开日:2019-02-22
    发明作者:Pierre Riegel
    申请人:Pierre Riegel；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    STATIC INJECTION PENETROMETER
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to the field of geotechnics and geology. It relates in particular to a device for measuring the resistance to penetration of a soil, commonly called a penetrometer.
    TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The compactness of soils is usually measured, either in static mode or in dynamic mode, by a measuring device called a penetrometer. A penetrometer conventionally comprises rods connected end to end to form a string of rods at the end of which is fixed a measuring tip, intended to sink into the ground to depths of up to several tens of meters.
    In static mode, the drill string is pushed by jacks, causing the progressive insertion of the measuring tip, the latter measuring the resistance of the tip and possibly the lateral friction on a cylindrical sleeve located above the tip.
    These measurements are recorded continuously or discontinuously at a regular step. The static measurement of resistance to soil penetration is undoubtedly the most accurate because it is carried out directly on the measuring tip, at the bottom of the borehole.
    This static measurement method nevertheless encounters some difficulties. When the resistance of the ground is important (very compact grounds), it becomes very complex to apply a sufficient push to generate the penetration of the point. Furthermore, when the measuring tip and the drill string are pushed in for several meters, the friction exerted by the ground on the drill string must also be overcome by a strong push to continue the insertion. As a result, the weight, power and quality of the anchoring of the machines which actuate the jacks are sometimes not sufficient to ensure in all circumstances a measurement in static mode.
    There is also another measurement mode known as dynamic mode, based on the penetration of the point by threshing the drill string. Threshing is achieved by dropping a hammer or mass on an anvil driving the drill string in spurts. Knowing the energy released by the fall of the mass and knowing the sinking in spurts, we calculate the resistance to soil penetration, taking into account various energy loss coefficients. This dynamic mode has a greater penetration capacity than the static mode, in particular in soils with high compactness. However, sometimes the impact energy of the threshing is insufficient to overcome the lateral friction of the ground on the stems.
    The main drawback of a measurement in dynamic mode remains its high inaccuracy compared to a measurement in static mode; indeed, a measurement in dynamic mode gives only partial information of the resistance of the soil as a function of the depth, due to the jolting in spurts and in general of the non dissociation of the peak resistance relative to to parasitic lateral friction.
    Certain so-called dynamic static penetrometers are capable of working in mixed dynamic and static mode, as soon as the all-static mode is no longer possible, typically in the presence of layers of soil having a high compactness, the resistance to penetration becoming too great.
    Document EP2535460 is known in particular, which describes a device comprising a measuring rod terminated by a measuring point, a protective tube disposed around the measuring rod, means of descent and lifting to sink it into the ground in static mode, striking means for making the insertion into the ground in dynamic mode and measuring means for determining the resistance to soil penetration. The particular construction of this device makes it possible to isolate the dynamic sinking of the external protection tube, of the static measurement of the resistance at the tip and of the lateral friction through the internal measurement rod. Thus the measuring rod does not undergo the mechanical forces exerted by the striking means and the measurement can be carried out in static mode.
    This device does not, however, provide a solution to the problem of friction between the ground and the tube arranged around the measuring rod, which can reach several tonnes per square meter in the case of “sticky” terrains. The means of descent, lifting and threshing in this device must be dimensioned to develop forces greater than the resistance of the ground and these parasitic friction.
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    An object of the present invention is to propose a solution to the drawbacks of the state of the art, in particular a static penetrometer with injection, simple to implement, allowing precise and continuous measurements of the compactness of a soil, and overcoming the lateral friction forces on the tube / rod train.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a penetrometer for the static mode measurement of the resistance to penetration of a soil comprising at least one central rod terminated at a first end by a measuring tip and at least one hollow tube surrounding the central rod and at inside which the latter is capable of sliding.
    The hollow tube of the penetrometer according to the invention comprises:
    • a first part comprising at least one seal between its internal wall and the central rod, • a second part having a diameter smaller than that of the first part, and inside which a fluid is intended to be injected ;
    • at least one expulsion orifice located between the first and the second part, said fluid being intended to exit through the expulsion orifice.
    According to other advantageous and non-limiting characteristics of the invention, taken alone or in any technically feasible combination:
    • the penetrometer includes an injection system for the introduction of the fluid inside the second part of the hollow tube;
    • the fluid comprises pure water or a mixture of water and a small percentage of biodegradable plasticizer
    polymer type or clay in suspension; • the central axis of the orifice expulsion form a angle between 30 and 60 ° with the axis of the tube hollow;• the orifice eviction is consisting by one choke
    allowing to regulate the flow of the fluid;
    • the seal consists of a lip seal;
    • the central rod and the first part of the hollow tube have been rectified, so as to present respectively exterior and interior diameters precise to +/- 50 microns;
    • the first part of the hollow tube extends at least 2 meters above the measuring tip of the central rod.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the detailed description which follows with reference to the appended figures in which:
    Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the downstream portion of a penetrometer according to the invention;
    Figure 2 shows a block diagram of the upstream portion of a penetrometer according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a static penetrometer 100 for measuring in static mode the resistance to penetration of a soil.
    The static penetrometer 100 comprises a central rod 1 terminated at a first end by a measuring tip
    11. By way of example, a well-known “Gouda” type measuring tip can be mounted at the first end of said central rod 1.
    It also comprises a hollow tube 2 surrounding the central rod 1. The internal diameter of the hollow tube 2 and the external diameter of the central rod 1 are adapted so that the latter can slide freely inside the hollow tube 2.
    The torque formed by the central rod 1 and the hollow tube 2 is intended to sink into the ground, the tip 11 at the end having the function of measuring the resistance to penetration of the ground. To test the resistance of the soil at various depths, the pair of rod 1 and tube 2 can be composed of several rod segments and tube segments connected end to end, to form a train of rod 1 / tube 2, which can be pushed in. in the ground at depths of several tens of meters.
    In the following description, the penetrometer will be considered in a test situation, that is to say with the rod / tube train pressed into the ground, the measuring tip 11 at the bottom.
    Any static penetrometer comprising mechanical driving means configured to drive the rod / tube train into the ground, we will not describe here a particular type of configuration for these mechanical means. They make it possible to exert a sufficient push to push in the train of rod / tube and, when the test is finished, to exert a traction to raise said train to the surface. In general, a penetrometer comprises a cell connected to the rod train 1 / tube 2, intended to remain above the surface and by means of which the thrust for the penetration will be applied by mechanical means.
    To limit the power required for driving in and lifting the rod / tube train, the static penetrometer 100 according to the invention has particular characteristics which will be described with reference to FIG. 1 having a downstream portion of the penetrometer (c ' i.e. the portion on the side of the measuring tip 11) and in Figure 2 showing an upstream portion of the penetrometer (i.e. the portion on the side of the cell, above the surface) .
    First of all, the hollow tube 2 comprises a first part 21 of outside diameter d1 and a second part 22 of outside diameter d2. The diameter d2 of the second part 22 is less than the diameter dl of the first part 21.
    The first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 constitutes a “mass tube”, intended to maintain lateral friction with the ground during the sinking. Indeed, in the case of powerful penetrometers, intended to probe significant depths, the rod / tube couple can reach a mass of the order of 10 kg per linear meter. Depending on the type of soil traversed, the weight of a rod / tube train is therefore likely to exceed the penetration resistance of said soil and, if there is no or very little lateral friction against the hollow tube 2, generate a "free" and uncontrolled insertion of the rod / tube train, without possible measurement and with possible loss of all or part of the rod train 1 / tube 2.
    Thus, in the static penetrometer 100 according to the invention, a first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 (of diameter dl), acting as a mass tube, is provided to maintain lateral friction with the ground during the sinking. The length of this first part 21 is chosen so that the lateral friction between the first part 21 and the ground is greater than the weight of the rod / tube train provided for the test (depending on the number of segments put end to end and therefore depth to investigate). For example, the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 may extend over 2 to 3 meters above the measuring tip 11 of the central rod 1. This first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 can be composed of several segments of hollow tube 2, depending on the length of a segment; each segment has a diameter dl and is screwed onto the adjacent tube segment. Likewise, the rod 1 inside said tube segments 2 can be made up of several rod segments screwed one after the other.
    The second part 22 has a diameter less than the diameter of the first part 21. For example, the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 has an outside diameter of 39 mm, which is very slightly greater than the diameter of the tip (38 mm ), and the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 has an outside diameter of 32mm.
    The second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 so that a fluid 41 can be injected inside hollow.
    The hollow tube 2 also comprises at is configured in its space minus an expulsion orifice 23 located between the first 21 and the part. The expulsion orifice 23 allows communication inside the second hollow part 2 and the outside. The fluid, injected into second 22 to put in the tube the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 is thus intended to exit through said orifice 23. Advantageously, several expulsion orifices 23 are arranged in the hollow tube 2 and regularly distributed along its outer periphery.
    The fluid 41 leaving the (or) expulsion orifice (s) 23 will rise up along the external walls of the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2: it then generates an external annular space 50 between the said external walls and the ground, which will limit the lateral friction between the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 and the ground during
    1'enfoncement.
    The first part 21 and the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 are made integral by screwing. Any leakage of fluid 41 at the thread can participate in the general lubrication of the penetrometer
    100;
    and in practice, the injection pressure applied to introduce the fluid 41 into the interior hollow space of the second part 22 of the tube 2 has a predominant flow towards the expulsion orifices 23, thus maintaining the continuity of the injection process .
    According to a variant, the connection between the two parts 21, 22 is sealed by the interposition of an O-ring, making it possible to limit the leakage of fluid 41 at the level of the thread.
    Advantageously, the expulsion orifices 23 are constituted by nozzles making it possible to regulate the flow rate of the fluid 41.
    Preferably, for favor the ascent of fluid 41 to the surface then of his exit from (or of) orifice (S) expulsion 23, 1 axis central orifice 23, who extends at through the wall hollow tube 2, forms an angle a understood between 30 and 60 ° with 1 axis of the tube hollow 2 (figure D.
    In addition, the hollow sealing tube 24 between the wall 21 of the hollow tube 2 and comprises at least one internal seal of the first central rod part 1. This seal 24 has the role of preventing the passage of the fluid. 41 inside the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 and thus to prevent the fluid from reaching the first end of the central rod 1 and the measuring tip 11. The injection of fluid 41 in the vicinity of the measuring tip 11 would distort the resistance measurements of the ground, in particular by modifying the friction at the level of the sleeve of said tip 11.
    Preferably, at least two seals 24 are placed between the internal wall of the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 and the central rod 1.
    According to an advantageous embodiment, the central rod 1 and the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 are rectified, so as to present respectively external and internal diameters precise to +/- 50 microns, in order to limit internal friction and improve the sealing of the seal 24. One (or more) lip seal (s) can (can) thus be effectively used (s) to prevent the passage of the fluid 41 inside the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2. In the case of a rectified rod, the friction between the lip seal 24 and the central rod 1 is of the order of a kilogram, ie less than the precision thresholds of the resistance to penetration of the soil measurement. The presence of one or two lip seals therefore does not modify the sliding of the central rod 1 to the point of affecting the accuracy of the measurement of the static penetrometer 100.
    In order to inject the fluid 41, the static penetrometer 100 according to the invention comprises an injection system 4 for the introduction of the fluid 41 inside the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 (FIG. 2). As mentioned above, the fluid 41 is then intended to exit through the expulsion orifice (s) 23.
    FIG. 2 illustrates an upstream portion of the penetrometer 100 according to the invention, intended to remain above the surface of the ground, at the level of which the fluid 41 is injected. In particular, the fluid 41 is introduced, under pressure, into a sub-part 22 'of the hollow tube 2 secured to the second part 22. The sub-part 22' is advantageously screwed onto the second part 22, the seal this connection 26 being ensured by the presence of an O-ring. This connection makes it possible to add segments of second parts 22 of hollow tube 2 (and in parallel segments of central rod 1) as the penetrometer 100 is driven into the ground.
    The injection system 4 for the introduction of the fluid 41 into the sub-part 22 'comprises for example a screwed part, comprising an injection pipe with valve.
    At less a seal sealing uphill 25 East willing Between the wall internal of the subpart 22 ' and the rod central 1 , for block the traffic fluid 41 to the high of penetrometer 100. According to a fashion of production
    advantageous, two upstream seals 25 of the lip seal type are used (FIG. 2).
    Advantageously, the annular internal injection space between the central rod 1 and the internal wall of the sub-part 22 '(and of the second part 22) of the hollow tube 2 is 2 mm, allowing flow under pressure of the fluid. 41 over the entire length of said parts 22 ', 22.
    The injection fluid 41 may consist of pure water or more generally a mixture of water and a small percentage of biodegradable plasticizer of polymer type (Polyfor, Polygum, or equivalent), or of bentonite clay in suspension.
    The viscosity is maintained below the thresholds necessary for the proper flow under pressure of the fluid 41 in the internal hollow space of the tube 2.
    In practice, when the penetrometer 100 according to the invention is implemented, the following steps are carried out:
    • The rod 1 (with the measuring tip 11 at the bottom) and around it the first part 21 of the hollow tube 2 then, as a result, the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2 are driven into the ground in static mode or dynamics according to soil resistance;
    • The fluid 41, contained in a pressure tank, is then introduced via the injection system 4, with a controlled flow rate, inside the sub-part 22 'communicating with the inside of the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2;
    • The insertion of the stem train 1 / tube 2 into the ground is continued by controlling the gradual rise of the fluid 41 through the outer annular space 50 between the ground and the outer wall of the second part 22 of the hollow tube 2.
    • With each new pair of rod 1 / tube 2 segments added to the train (at connection 26), the injection system 4 is disconnected, releasing the internal overpressure of the hollow tube 2 by a valve.
    • At the end of the test, the injection is generally disconnected and the rod / tube train reassembled by means of jacks.
    • The pressure can be maintained when rising in the case of very unstable or fluid soils, to avoid major blockages and blockages of the internal spaces of the rod / tube train.
    The static penetrometer 100 with inj ection according to
    The invention may advantageously include the characteristics of the static penetrometer described in application FR1756819 filed by the applicant, in fact, the measurement of the displacement of the measuring tip during the insertion by this static penetrometer, based on mechanical principles, is fully compatible with the characteristics of this static penetrometer 100 with inj ection.
    Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and it is possible to make variant embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Penetrometer (100) for the static mode measurement of the resistance to penetration of a soil comprising a central rod (1) terminated at a first end by a measuring tip (11) and a surrounding hollow tube (2) the central rod (1) and inside which the latter is capable of sliding, the penetrometer (100) being characterized in that the hollow tube (2) comprises:
    • a first part (21) comprising at least one seal (24) between its internal wall and the central rod (1), • a second part (22) having a diameter (d2) smaller than that (dl) of the first part (21), and inside which a fluid (41) is intended to be injected;
    • at least one expulsion orifice (23) located between the first (21) and the second (22) part, said fluid (41) being intended to exit through the expulsion orifice (23).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Penetrometer (100) according to the preceding claim, comprising an injection system (4) for the introduction of the fluid (41) inside the second part (22) of the hollow tube (2).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Penetrometer (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the fluid (41) comprises pure water or a mixture of water and a small percentage of biodegradable plasticizer of polymer or clay type. suspension.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Penetrometer (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the central axis of the expulsion orifice (23) forms an angle between 30 and 60 °
    with the axis of tube hollow (2). 5. Penetrometer (100 ) according to 1 'a demands preceding, in which 1 ' orifice expulsion (23) is consisting of a duse to regulate the flow of fluid. 6. Penetrometer (100 ) according to 1 'a demands preceding, in whichone joint sealing (24) is consisting of a lip seal.7. penetrometer (100 ) according to 1 'a demands preceding, in which rod central (1 ) and the first part (21) from tube hollow (2) have been
    rectified, so as to present respectively outside and inside diameters precise to +/- 50 microns.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    8. Penetrometer (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first part (21) of the hollow tube (2) extends over at least 2 meters above the measuring tip (11) of the rod central (1).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3669164A1|2020-06-24|
    WO2019034823A1|2019-02-21|
    FR3070171B1|2019-09-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2343252A1|1976-03-02|1977-09-30|Marchetti Silvano|Probe for monitoring deformations of subterranean strata - has two opposed metallic membranes attached to electric transducers|
    EP2535460A1|2011-06-16|2012-12-19|Hydro Geotechnique|Device for measuring the resistance to ground penetration|
    NL7301924A|1973-02-09|1974-08-13|
    CH679887A5|1989-07-24|1992-04-30|Raymond Andina|Liquid injection launching probe for soil drilling|
    KR100614602B1|2006-05-09|2006-08-25|다이크|Piling method for reducing negative skin friction|
    KR20110108652A|2010-03-29|2011-10-06|경성대학교 산학협력단|Grouting material to decrease negative skin fricton and using method thereof|CN109946012B|2019-04-03|2021-04-30|中铁二十一局集团第二工程有限公司|Device and method for measuring water pressure in stratum soil body|
    CN110158568B|2019-06-11|2021-02-19|中国海洋大学|Dynamic calibration method for sounding probe coefficient|
    FR3104618A1|2019-12-13|2021-06-18|Equatech.R&D|Self-drilling static penetrometer|
    法律状态:
    2019-02-22| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20190222 |
    2019-07-11| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-08-07| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-08-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1757733A|FR3070171B1|2017-08-18|2017-08-18|STATIC PENETROMETER WITH INJECTION|
    FR1757733|2017-08-18|FR1757733A| FR3070171B1|2017-08-18|2017-08-18|STATIC PENETROMETER WITH INJECTION|
    PCT/FR2018/052063| WO2019034823A1|2017-08-18|2018-08-14|Static injection penetrometer|
    EP18765957.8A| EP3669164A1|2017-08-18|2018-08-14|Static injection penetrometer|
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