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    • 专利摘要:
    The technology in question relates to an on-line amplifier assembly for a distributed sensing system. The technology in question includes deploying a distributed detection tool in a wellbore, and recording the wellbore using the distributed sensing tool. The distributed detection tool includes a first optical amplifier and a first optical filter coupled to a first monomode optical fiber. The first optical amplifier is coupled to a first monomode circulator for amplifying a single-mode optical signal, and the first optical filter is coupled to the first optical amplifier for filtering the amplified single-mode optical signal. The first single mode circulator may be coupled to an interrogator to route the monomode optical signal to a second monomode optical fiber and route a reflective optical signal from a second monomode optical fiber to the interrogator. The reflective optical signal can pass through a second optical amplifier and a second optical fiber between the first and second single mode circulators.
    公开号:FR3070101A1
    申请号:FR1857367
    申请日:2018-08-07
    公开日:2019-02-15
    发明作者:Michel Joseph LeBlanc；Jason Edward Therrien；Andreas Ellmauthaler
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ONLINE AMPLIFIER ASSEMBLY FOR A DISTRIBUTED DETECTION SYSTEM
    CROSS REFERENCE TO ASSOCIATED APPLICATIONS [0001] The present application claims the benefit of priority according to Title 35 of the United States Code, article H 9, of the provisional American patent application n ° 62 / 543,339 entitled "AMPLIFIER EN LINE FOR DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING SYSTEM ”, filed on August 9, 2017, the invention of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all practical purposes.
    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to distributed detection recording measurement systems, and more particularly to an in-line amplifier assembly for a distributed detection system.
    BACKGROUND [0003] Distributed detection technology can be suitable for various downhole applications ranging from temperature detection to passive seismic monitoring. For example, a distributed detection system may include an interrogation device positioned on a surface close to a wellbore and coupled to an optical detection optical fiber extending from the surface into the wellbore. An optical source of the interrogation device can transmit an optical signal, or an interrogation signal, downhole in the wellbore through the optical detection optical fiber. The optical signal reflections can propagate back to an optical receiver in the interrogation device and the reflections can be analyzed to determine a condition in the wellbore.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of the implementations, and should not be considered as exclusive implementations. The object described may undergo considerable modifications, alterations, combinations and equivalents in form and function, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art and having the advantage of the present invention.
    FIG. I illustrates an example of a well monitoring and measurement system which can use the principles of the present invention according to one or more implementations.
    Figures 2A-2D illustrate examples of distributed detection deployment options which can use the principles of the present invention in accordance with one or more implementations.
    Figure 3 illustrates an example of an in-line amplifier assembly for a distributed acoustic sensor system.
    Figure 4 illustrates another example of an in-line amplifier assembly for a distributed acoustic sensor system.
    Figure 5 illustrates an example of a backscatter waveform based on a single mode fiber and a multimode fiber.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention relates to a means for improving the signal to noise ratio of a distributed detection system (“DS”) by amplifying the light from the light going to and / or received from a distal section of a optical fiber detection. An optical amplifier is placed in line with the detection optical fiber and extends the range of the DS system where the signal is limited by attenuation along the detection optical fiber. In other words, the technology in question provides a convenient and efficient way to extend the range of a single mode fiber DS ("SMF") interrogation system where attenuation would otherwise limit the range. In some aspects, the optical amplifier is placed in line with the sensing optical fiber, as anywhere along its length, but preferably after a certain loss, so that the total range is extended. In other aspects, the optical amplifier may be of an SMF design, for use with an optical fiber for SMF detection, or a multimode fiber design (MMF), for use with an optical fiber for MMF detection . In one or more implementations, the device is compatible with DS systems with multiple wavelengths.
    The technology in question has several advantages over traditional acoustic detection recording systems. For example, the system in question allows the use of DS in a customer installation that has optical fibers with relatively high attenuation. The system in question also allows the connection of dissimilar types of optical fibers and compensates for the non-uniformity of the backscatter signals among the types of optical fibers. The system in question can also compensate for splices and connectors with loss.
    The technology in question relates to an on-line amplifier assembly for a distributed detection system. For example, the technology in question includes the deployment of a distributed detection tool in a wellbore entering an underground formation, and the recording of the wellbore using the distributed detection tool (for example a distributed acoustic detection tool (“DAS”)). The distributed detection tool includes a first optical amplifier and a first optical filter coupled to a first single mode optical fiber. The first optical amplifier is coupled to a first single mode circulator to amplify a single mode optical signal, and the first optical filter is coupled to the first optical amplifier to filter the amplified single mode optical signal. The first single mode circulator can be coupled to an interrogator to route the single mode optical signal from the interrogator to a second single mode optical fiber and route a reflective optical signal from the second single mode optical fiber to the interrogator. The reflecting optical signal can pass through a second optical amplifier and a second optical fiber between the first and second single-mode clrculators.
    As used here, the "single-mode fiber" and "SMF" outfits are interchangeable with the term "single-mode optical fiber", and the terms "multimode fiber" and "MMF" are interchangeable with the term "multimode optical fiber" Without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a well monitoring and measurement system 100 which can use the principles of the present invention according to one or more implementations. It may be noted that the well monitoring and measurement system 100 can be used in a land operation as well as in any marine or underwater application comprising a floating platform installation or an underground well head, as generally known in the art . The well monitoring and measurement system 100 may also include additional or different features which are not shown in Figure I. For example, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include recording system components additional cable, production system components, completion system components, or other components. In the present invention, distributed detection systems can be permanently installed and connected to a detection fiber, for the purpose of monitoring production and flow rates over time.
    Horizontal drilling techniques to form a wellbore often include vertical drilling from a surface location to a desired underground depth, from which the drilling is curved or to an underground plane approximately horizontal to the surface to connect the wellbore to multiple hydrocarbon deposits.
    As illustrated, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include a service platform 112 which is positioned on the earth's surface 136 and which extends above and around a wellbore 128 which penetrates in an underground formation 110. The service platform 103 can be a drilling platform, a completion platform, a reconditioning platform, a production platform or the like. In some embodiments, the service platform 103 can be omitted and replaced with a standard surface wellhead completion or installation, without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, although the well monitoring and measurement system 100 is described as a land operation, it will be understood that the principles of the present invention could also be applied in any application at sea or underwater where the service platform 103 may be a floating platform, a semi-submersible platform, or an underground wellhead installation, as generally known in the art.
    The wellbore 128 can be drilled in the underground formation 110 using any suitable drilling technique and can extend in a substantially vertical direction away from the earth's surface 136 on a part of vertical wellbore. At some point in the wellbore 128, the vertical wellbore portion may deviate from the vertical with respect to the earth's surface 136 and become a substantially horizontal part. In other embodiments, however, the tubing column may be omitted from all or part of the wellbore 128 and the principles of the present invention may also apply to an "open hole" environment.
    [0018 | As shown in FIG. 1, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 comprises a tubing system 102, which is placed on a reel 104. The tubing system 102 passes over a guide arc 106, commonly known as "Swan neck" in the oil and gas industry, and is directed downward through an injector head 108 in an underground formation 110. The guide arc 106 may include a rigid structure which has a known radius. When the tubing system 102 is transported through the guide arch 106, the tubing system 102 can be plastically deformed and otherwise reformed and redirected to be received by the injector head 108 located below.
    During a tubing operation, the tubing system 102 is routed from the coil 104 over the injector head 108 into a wellbore 128. In some implementations, for example, the head of the the injector 108 may include a plurality of elements or internal gripping wheels (not shown) configured to engage the exterior surface of the tubing system 102 either to pull the tubing system 102 from the coil 108, or to retract the tubing system tubing 102 from wellbore 128 to be rewound onto reel 104. In some embodiments, however, the injector head 108 can be omitted and the weight of tubing system 102 can be used instead for deployment and the coil 104 can be motorized to retract the tubing system 102.
    The fluid can be delivered to a downhole assembly 114 and a downhole tool 116 through the tubing system 102. The fluid can then be returned to the surface 136 through the annular space between the wall of the wellbore (or the casing if the wellbore 128 is cased) and the tubing system 102. The returned fluid can be directed to a pipe of discharged fluid 118 and delivered to a mud pit 120. A pump recirculation 122 can then recirculate the fluid through the pipe 124 to the tubing system 102.
    The tubing system 102 may be, but is not limited to, a coiled tubing, an intelligent coiled tubing, a hybrid coiled tubing, or the like. The term "spiral tubing" normally refers to a column of continuous tubes of relatively small diameter which can be transported to a well site on a drum or in a coil (eg, 104). As oil and gas exploration technology continues to improve, the demand for better wellbore information increases and the use of spiral tubing to deploy more instrumentation in wellbore 128, in particular pressure and temperature sensors, is generating increased interest.
    In some implementations, the tubing system 102 may include a conduit or an umbilical used to convey fluids or energy to an underwater location (not shown), such as a head. well, submerged platform or underwater pipe. Tubing system 102 can be made from a variety of deformable materials including, but not limited to, an alloy of steel, stainless steel, titanium, other suitable metal-based materials, thermoplastics, composite materials (for example, carbon fiber materials), and any combination thereof. The tubing system 102 may have a diameter of approximately 3.5 inches, but may also have a diameter greater than or less than 3.5 inches, without departing from the scope of the invention.
    As illustrated, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include a plurality of sensors and distributed devices (for example, 126a-n), each being coupled in communication to a data acquisition system 130 configured for receive and process signals from each sensor and / or device. The data acquisition system 130 may be a computer system, for example, which includes memory, processor and computer readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, process the sensor signals. As illustrated, the data acquisition system 130 is coupled in communication to the tubing system 102 and housed in a feed guide component of the service platform 112. The data acquisition system 130 can be coupled in communication to the tubing system 102 and located in a section of the service platform 112 different from that presented in FIG. 1 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    A typical fiber telemetry system inside spiral tubing can include three fiber optic pressure transducers, one at the heel, one at the foot and one in the middle of the horizontal portion, as well as additional fibers for distributed temperature detection (DTS) and / or distributed acoustic detection telemetry (DAS). Each sensor can have one or more fibers. Although the number of fibers may vary, the examples given in this invention will demonstrate the deployment of optical fibers for DTS and / or DAS telemetry to cover wire rope, tubing, tubing and spiral tubing (including intelligent hybrid systems).
    Distributed sensors, for example having an optical fiber, can be pulled and / or pumped in a spiral tube (see for example Figure 2D) for recoverability. Tubing system 102 may also include a variety of electrical sensors, including point thermo-pairs for temperature detection as well as a calibration of the DTS system. DTS and / or DAS fibers can be deployed on a cable (see Figure 2A) for retrievability, or pumped into a conduit after installation. Fiber for DTS can be pumped into a double-ended conduit for some spiral tubing deployments. The location of the sensors can be carefully measured before they are pulled into the spiral tubing. The exact location can then be identified using, for example, X-ray systems and / or ultrasonic systems and / or DAS systems by tapping on the spiral tubing and / or by DTS systems and applying a thermal event or other similar process where the distance can be checked and compared to the measured distances before a detection chain is pulled into the spiral tubing. The penetrations can then be drilled through the spiral tubing at appropriate locations, and suitable seals can be applied to / activated on the assembly. All installation of the sensor systems in the tubing is carried out in the spiral tubing before the tubing is deployed at the bottom of the well.
    In some implementations, the distributed sensors can include distributed acoustic sensors, which can also use optical fibers and allow a distributed measurement of local acoustics at any point along h fiber. alternatively, in one example (not explicitly illustrated), the distributed sensors can be permanently fixed to or integrated into the one or more casing columns covering the wellbore 128 (see FIG. 2C), to one or several casing columns positioned at the bottom of the well in the casing (see FIG. 2B), and / or the wall of the wellbore 128 at a predetermined distance axially spaced. The optical fiber can include a single mode fiber, a multimode fiber or a combination thereof. The distributed acoustic sensors can be configured to operate as a DAS subsystem and / or DTS subsystem. The distributed detection system can operate using Rayleigh backscatter (for example, DAS), or Brillouin (for example, distributed temperature detection or distributed deformation detection), or Raman (temperature detection distributed).
    FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate examples of distributed detection deployment options which can use the principles of the present invention in accordance with one or more implementations. Wells for oil and gas exploration and production are often drilled in stages where a first stage is drilled and cased (for example, surface casing 201), then a second stage of smaller diameter is drilled and covered with tubing (e.g., production tubing 202), and so on. In some implementations, the wellbore 128 can be completed by cementing a casing column inside the wellbore 128 along all or part of it. Once the drilling of the wellbore (for example, 128) is completed, the operations of completing the wellbore are then undertaken. Completion operations generally refer to the events necessary to bring a wellbore into production after drilling operations have been completed.
    In FIG. 2A, a metal cable assembly 200 comprises a tube 204 deployed in a wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through the production casing 202. A metal cable (for example, the cable 203) housing optical fibers can be routed through tubing 204, and subsequently retrievable from wellbore 128. In some aspects, the optical fibers are coupled to a metal cable (eg, cable 203). The optical fibers can be coupled to the wire rope so that the optical fibers can be removed with the wire rope. The cable 203 can comprise several optical fibers. For example, the optical fibers may include one or more single-mode optical fibers and one or more multimode optical fibers. Each of the optical fibers may include one or more optical sensors along the optical fibers. The optical sensors can be deployed in wellbore 128 and used to detect and transmit measurements of background conditions in wellbore 128 to the earth's surface (for example, 136). A downhole gauge holder 205 is coupled to a distal end of the cable 203 for taking measurements at the end of the toes of the lateral wellbore. In some aspects, the downhole gauge holder 205 includes a pressure / temperature gauge for measuring pressure and / or temperature.
    In some implementations, the single mode fiber (SMF) can be used for both DAS / DTS. or multimode fiber (MMF) for DAS / DTS depending on the implementation. In certain implementations, a double-clad-double-core fiber can be used using, for example, the SMF for the DAS on the internal core and the DTS of MMF on the external core without going beyond the framework. of the present invention.
    In FIG. 2B, a tubing assembly 210 comprises the tubing 204 deployed in the wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through the production tubing 202. The cable 203 can be routed through the tubing 204 and permanently installed along an exterior surface of tubing 204. The optical fibers housed in cable 203 can be retained against the exterior surface of tubing 204 at intervals (eg, all other joints) by bands Coupling devices (for example, transverse coupling guards 211) which extend around the tubing 204. In some aspects, a tail of tubing 212 can be extended below a bottom perforation.
    In Figure 2C, a tubing assembly 220 includes tubing 204 deployed in the wellbore (eg. 128) and routed through production tubing 202. Cable 203 can be routed through surface tubing 201 and permanently installed along an outside surface of the production tubing 202. The optical fibers housed in the cable 203 can be retained against the outside surface of the production tubing 202 at intervals (for example, all other joints ) by coupling strips (for example, transverse coupling protectors 211) which extend around the production casing 202.
    In Figure 2D, a spiral tubing assembly 230 includes tubing 204, such as a spiral tubing system, deployed in a wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through the production tubing 202. A cable 203 housing optical fibers can be coupled to an exterior surface of tubing 204. In some aspects, optical fibers are coupled to cable 203. Optical fibers can be coupled non-permanently to cable 203 so that optical fibers can be removed with cable 203. Cable 203 can include multiple optical fibers. For example, the optical fibers may include one or more single-mode optical fibers and one or more multimode optical fibers. Each of the optical fibers may include one or more optical sensors along the optical fibers. The optical sensors can be deployed in wellbore 128 and used to detect and transmit measurements of background conditions in wellbore 128 to the earth's surface (for example, 136). A downhole gauge holder 205 is routed through tubing 204 beyond a distal end of cable 203 to a downhole assembly module (e.g. 114) for taking measurements at the end of the toes of the side wellbore, and then recoverable from wellbore 128 through tubing 204. In some aspects, the downhole gauge holder 205 includes a pressure / temperature gauge for measuring pressure and / or the temperature.
    Le'câble 203 can be configured for the detection of optical fiber to obtain spot or distributed measurements of optical fibers. As used herein, "distributed optical fiber detection" refers to the ability to obtain well parameter measurements over the entire length of an optical fiber, but also to the ability to obtain point measurements at from point reflectors (for example, Fiber Bragg, Gratings, etc.) included at predetermined locations along the optical fiber (s). The optical fibers in the cable 203 can be used as distributed acoustic sensors and / or distributed temperature sensors. In one example, one or more optical fibers can be used for one or more DAS or DTS.
    Certain A number of distributed detection methodologies can be used to determine the well parameters of interest, without departing from the scope of the present invention. When electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through an optical fiber, part of the electromagnetic radiation will be backscattered in the optical fiber by impurities from the optical fiber, areas of different refractive index in the fiber produced in the manufacturing process of the fiber, the surfaces of the optical fiber, and / or the connections between the fiber and other fibers or optical components. Some of the backscattered electromagnetic radiation is treated as unwanted noise and measures can be taken to reduce this backscatter.
    Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a distributed detection system 300 according to one aspect of the present invention. The distributed detection system 300 includes a distributed detection interrogator (DS) 302. In certain aspects, the DS interrogator 302 in FIG. 2 represents a configuration of the calculation subsystem 118 and the cable 203 in FIGS. 2A-2D , but other configurations are possible. For example, the components of the distributed detection system 300 can be arranged in a different order or configuration without departing from the scope of the present invention. Likewise, one or more components can be added to or subtracted from the configuration of the distributed detection system 300 shown in FIG. 3 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    The DS 302 interrogator is connected to an SMF conductor, which is connected to the “DAS” side of the assembly using a high power fiber connector 304. The laser pulses launched from the DS 302 interrogator are routed to a bidirectional port of a first SMF 306 circulator at port 2, which is connected at port 3 to an optical amplifier 360, which amplifies the light and sends it to a optical filter 312. The optical filter 312 suppresses amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise from the optical amplifier 360. The output of the optical filter 312 is connected to port 1 of a second single-mode circulator 340, which guides the light towards port 2 (a bidirectional port) to a distributed detection optical fiber 355. The backscatter from the distributed detection optical fiber 355 is sent via the second single mode circulator 340 to port 3 of the second single mode circulator 340, which is con connected to an SMF 375 via a single-mode splice 370 leading to port I of the single-mode circulator 306, which guides the light to port 2 of the single-mode circulator 306 to the interrogator of DS 302.
    II The distributed detection interrogator 302 can be positioned at a surface of a wellbore and the DS interrogator 302 can include an optical source (not shown). The optical source can include a laser and a pulse generator. The laser can emit optical signals which can be manipulated by the pulse generator. In some aspects, the pulse generator may include one or more amplifiers, oscillators, or other components suitable for manipulating the optical signals emitted by the laser to generate pulses of optical signals at a controlled duration. The pulses of the optical signals from the pulse generator can be transmitted to a single mode optical fiber 315. The single mode optical fiber 315 can comprise one or more optical fibers which propagate or carry optical signals in a direction which is parallel to the fiber ( for example, a transversal mode). In some aspects, single mode optical fiber 315 can carry optical signals having a wavelength in the range of 1,300 nanometers to 1,600 nanometers. In additional or other aspects, the single-mode optical fiber 315 may include a core diameter of between 8 and 10 microns.
    The single-mode circulator 306 can be a three-port single-mode circulator 306 comprising ports 1 to 3. The single-mode circulator 306 can include one or more isolation components to isolate the input of optical signals on each of ports 1 to 3. Port l is communicatively coupled to the output (or to port 3) of the second single-mode circulator 340 by a second multimode optical fiber 375 via the single-mode splice 370 to receive the reflecting optical signal coming from the second single-mode circulator 340.
    The single mode circulator 306 can route the reflective optical signal from port I to port 2. Port 2 is communicatively coupled to the DS 302 interrogator. Port 2 can receive the single mode optical signal from the distributed detection interrogator 302. Port 2 can route the single mode optical signal to port 3. The unilateral nature of the single mode circulator 306 can prevent the input single mode optical signal from crossing to the second single mode circulator 340.
    The optical amplifier 360 may include a Terbium-doped fiber amplifier ("EDFA") which can amplify a received optical signal without first converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. For example, an EDFA can comprise a core of a silica fiber which is doped with erbium ions to cause the wavelength of a received optical signal to undergo a gain to amplify the intensity of a transmitted optical signal . Although a single optical amplifier 360 is shown in FIG. 2. the optical amplifier 360 can represent several amplifiers without departing from the scope of the present invention. In some implementations, the optical filter 312 is a Fabry-Pérot (FP) filter. In some aspects, the optical filter 312 represents a notch filter which attenuates signals in a specified narrow frequency range.
    The single-mode circulator 340 can be a three-port single-mode circulator 340 comprising ports 1 to 3. The single-mode circulator 340 can include one or more isolation components to isolate the input of optical signals on each of ports 1 to 3. Port 1 is communicatively coupled to the output of the optical filter 312 by the second multimode optical fiber 335. The second single-mode circulator 340 can route the amplified single-mode optical signal from port 1 to port 2. Port 2 is coupled communicatively to distributed detection optical fiber 355, which can be positioned in wellbore 114. Single-mode optical signals can be output from port 2 to distributed detection optical fiber 355 via a single-mode fiber connector 345 to interrogate downhole optical sensors coupled to distributed detection optical fiber 355. Port 2 can receive single-mode reflective optical signals chissants. The single-mode reflective optical signals can correspond to reflections of the single-mode optical signals transmitted through the distributed detection optical fiber 355. For example, the single-mode optical signals can be routed by the distributed detection optical fiber 355 to the downhole sensors and reflected through distributed detection optical fiber 355 to port 2. Port 2 can route single-mode optical signals reflected back to port 3. The one-sided nature of the second single-mode circulator 340 can prevent reflected light from background sensors hole to reflect towards the fiber, distributed detection optics 355. Port 3 of the second single-mode circulator 340 can be coupled to a single-mode optical fiber 365. The single-mode optical fiber 365 can be coupled to a single-mode optical fiber 375 by the single-mode splice 370.
    The distributed detection optical fiber 355 may include one or more multimode optical fibers that can propagate optical signals in more than one mode. In some aspects, the distributed detection optical fiber 355 can route optical signals having a wavelength from 850 nanometers to 1,300 nanometers. In additional aspects or other aspects, the core diameter of a multimode optical fiber (for example, from 50 microns to 100 microns) may be larger than the core diameter of a single mode optical fiber. A larger core diameter can allow a multimode optical fiber to support multiple propagation modes.
    In certain aspects, with a correct adjustment of the gain of the optical amplifier (adjusted via the current of the pumping laser of the optical amplifier), the backscatter return signal can be brought to a level sufficient for its use. by the DS 302 interrogator.
    The approach illustrated in FIG. 3 can be particularly useful when the second optical fiber (for example, distributed detection optical fiber 355) has a high attenuation, or when an optical fiber with a low backscatter coefficient must be connected online with a relatively high backscatter coefficient. The optical amplifier 360 allows the single-mode optical signal of the second optical fiber (for example, the distributed detection optical fiber 355) to be adjusted to match that of the first optical fiber (for example, the single-mode optical fiber 315).
    Another example of a distributed detection system 300 which uses two optical amplifiers and two optical filters to accomplish the same task is presented in FIG. 3. The first optical amplifier 360 (for example, the EDFA power amplifier ) amplifies the light pulses before they are launched in the second optical fiber (for example, the distributed detection optical fiber 355). The second optical amplifier 365 (for example, the EDFA preamplifier) is used to amplify the feedback signal from the second detection optical fiber before sending it back to the DS 302 interrogator via the first detection optical fiber (e.g. 315).
    In Figure 4, laser pulses are launched from the DS interrogator 302 are brought to a bidirectional port of the first SMF 306 circulator at port 2, which is connected at port 3 to l optical amplifier 360, which amplifies the light and sends it to the optical filter 312. The output of the optical filter 312 is connected to port I of the second single-mode circulator 340, which guides the light towards port 2 (a bidirectional port) towards a distributed detection optical fiber 355. The backscatter from distributed detection optical fiber 355 is sent via the second single mode circulator 340 to port 3 of the second single mode circulator 340, which is connected to a second optical amplifier 380. The second optical amplifier 380 amplifies the backscatter return signal, which is then sent to a second optical filter 385. The second optical filter 385 filters all, additional amplification noise feedback from the backscatter return signal. The backscatter return signal is then directed to port 1 of the single mode circulator 306, which again guides the light to port 2 of the single mode circulator 306 to the DS interrogator 302.
    The first optical amplifier 360 (for example, the EDFA power amplifier) amplifies the light pulses before they are launched in the second optical fiber (for example, the distributed detection optical fiber 355). The second optical amplifier 365 (for example, the EDFA preamplifier) is used to amplify the feedback signal from the second detection optical fiber before sending it back to the DS 302 interrogator via the first detection optical fiber .
    In certain implementations, the components of MMF can be substituted for the components of SMF. Such versions can be designed to extend the range of MMF detection fiber optic cables used with an MMF DS interrogator or equivalent Variants of the same systems (both SMF and MMF) without FP filters, or with only one FP filter (on the launch or reception path) can also be used. The line amplifier assembly 300 may consist of stand-alone devices which are placed in line along the detection optical fiber. They can be cascaded so that several are placed along the detection cable, with sections of the detection fiber between them.
    FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a backscatter waveform 500 using a single mode fiber and a multimode fiber. The backscatter signal can be measured with the DS interrogator 302. The waveform 502 is representative of an adequate gain in the first optical amplifier 360 to match the signal of the second detection optical fiber (for example, 355) with that of the first detection optical fiber (for example, 315). Waveform 512 is indicative of insufficient gain so that the strength of the optical signal from the second detection optical fiber would not match that of the first detection optical fiber. The first pump current of the optical amplifier 360 and the second pump current of the optical amplifier 380 can be adjusted to change the gain of the single mode optical signal.
    Various examples of aspects of the invention are described below. They are provided as examples and do not limit the technology in question.
    A system comprises a single-mode circulator that can be coupled to a distributed detection interrogator to route a single-mode optical signal from the detection interrogator distributed through a first single-mode optical fiber to a second single-mode optical fiber positioned along a region to be detected which can be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator for routing a reflective optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the optical receiver; an optical amplifier coupled to the single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal; and an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier to filter one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal and route the signal! single mode optical filtered to the second single mode optical fiber; and a second single-mode circulator capable of being coupled to a positionable second single-mode optical fiber downhole in the wellbore for routing the single-mode optical signal from the single-mode optical fiber to the second single-mode optical fiber and capable of being communicatively coupled to the first single mode circulator for routing the reflective optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the first single mode circulator.
    The invention relates to a method which comprises the routing, by a first single mode circulator coupled in communicative manner to a distributed detection interrogator, of a single mode optical signal through a first single mode optical fiber positioned along a region to be detected; amplification, by an optical amplifier coupled to the first single-mode circulator, of the single-mode optical signal by a predetermined gain; filtering, by an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier, of the amplified single-mode optical signal to remove one or more noise components from the amplified single-mode optical signal; receiving, by a second single-mode circulator coupled to the optical filter, an optical signal reflecting on a second single-mode optical fiber positioned in the region to be detected in response to the routing of the filtered single-mode optical signal; and the routing, by the second single mode circulator, of the reflecting optical signal towards the first single mode circulator.
    A system includes a distributed detection interrogator; a distributed detection optical fiber amplifier; and a distributed detection subsystem positionable downhole in a region to be detected and comprising a single-mode optical fiber as a communication medium for an interrogation optical signal and a reflecting optical signal, the optical fiber amplifier distributed detection comprising: a first mode circulator which can be coupled to a distributed detection interrogator for routing a single-mode optical signal from the detection interrogator distributed through a first single-mode optical fiber to a second single-mode optical fiber positioned downhole in a region to be detected and which can be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator for routing a reflecting optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the optical receiver; an optical amplifier coupled to the single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal; an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier to filter one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal and route the filtered single mode optical signal to the second single mode optical fiber; and a second single-mode circulator capable of being coupled to a second single-mode optical fiber positioned downhole in the region to be detected in order to route the single-mode optical signal from the single-mode optical fiber to the second single-mode optical fiber and capable of being communicatively coupled to the first single mode circulator for routing the reflective optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the first single mode circulator.
    In one aspect, a method can be an operation, an instruction or a function and vice versa. In one aspect, a clause or claim can be modified to include all or part of the words (for example, instructions, operations, functions, or components) cited in one or more other clauses, one or more other words, one or more other sentences. , one or more other expressions, one or more other paragraphs, and / or one or more other claims.
    To illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, elements such as the various blocks, modules, components, methods, operations, instructions and illustrative algorithms have been generally described in terms of functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled craftsmen can implement the functionality described in different ways for each particular application.
    A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one, unless this is specifically indicated, but rather one or more. For example, "a" module can refer to one or more modules. An element preceded by "a", "an", "the" or "said / iadite" does not prevent, without other constraints, the existence of the same additional elements.
    Titles and subtitles, if any, are used only for convenience and do not limit the technology in question. The word "exemplary" is used to mean serve as an example or illustration. To the extent that the term "include", "have", or the like is used, this term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "understand", since "understand" is interpreted when is used as a transition word in a claim. Relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like can be used to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying a real relationship or order between such entities or actions.
    Expressions such as "one aspect", "the aspect", "another aspect", "certain aspects", "one or more aspects", "an implementation", "the implementation", " another implementation "," certain implementations "," one or more implementations "," an embodiment ". "The embodiment", "another embodiment", "certain embodiments", "one or more embodiments", "a configuration", "the configuration", "another configuration", "certain configurations "," One or more configurations "," the technology in question "," the invention "," the present invention "," other variations thereof / these and other similar expressions are used for convenience and do not imply that an invention relating to this expression (s) is essential to the technology in question or that this invention applies to all configurations of the technology in question. An invention relating to this expression (s) can apply to all configurations or to one or more configurations. An invention relating to this expression (s) can provide one or more examples. An expression such as "one aspect" or "certain aspects" can refer to one or more aspects and vice versa, and this applies similarly to other previous expressions.
    An expression "at least one of" preceding a series of elements, with the terms "and" or "or" to separate one of the elements, modifies the list as a whole rather than each member of the listing. The expression "at least one of" does not require the selection of at least one element; on the contrary, the expression allows a meaning which includes "at least any one of the elements", and / or "at least one of any combination of the elements", and / or "at least one of each of the elements ". / X for example, each of the expressions "at least one of A, B and C" or "at least one of A, B or C" refers to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B and C; and / or at least one of each of A, B and C.
    It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the steps, operations or methods described is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Unless stated otherwise, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations or processes may be executed in a different order. Some of the steps, operations or processes can be executed simultaneously The accompanying process claims, where appropriate, to present elements of the different steps, operations or processes in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented. These can be done in series, linearly, in parallel, or in a different order. It should be understood that the instructions, operations and systems described can generally be integrated together into a single software / hardware product or packaged in several software / hardware products.
    The invention is provided to allow any specialist in the field to practice the various aspects described iei. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in the form of a block diagram to avoid obscuring the concepts of the technology in question. The invention provides various examples of the technology in question, and the technology in question is not limited to these examples. Various modifications of these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles described herein can be applied to other aspects.
    All the structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described in the invention which are known or must be known later to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated iei for reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing described here is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not this invention is explicitly mentioned in the claims. No claim element shall be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Title 35 of the United States Code, article 112, paragraph 6, unless the element is expressly mentioned using the expression "means for" or, in in the case of a process claim, the element is mentioned using the phrase "step to".
    The title, the context, the brief description of the drawings, the abstract and the drawings are incorporated here in the description of the invention and are provided by way of illustrative examples of the invention, and not in the form of restrictive descriptions. These elements are submitted with the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the detailed description, it can be seen that the description provides illustrative examples and that the various characteristics are grouped together in various implementations with the aim of simplifying the invention. The process of the invention should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the object claimed requires more features than those which are expressly set out in each claim. On the contrary, as the claims reflect, the inventive object lies in less than all the characteristics of a single configuration or operation described. The claims are incorporated herein into the detailed description, each claim being considered as a separately claimed object.
    The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described here, but should be given the full scope compatible with the language claims and encompass all legal equivalents. None of the claims, however, is intended to cover an object which does not meet the requirements of applicable patent law, nor should it be interpreted in this sense.
    Therefore, the technology in question is well suited to achieve the purposes and obtain the advantages mentioned here as well as those which are inherent in the present description. The particular embodiments described above are illustrative only, as the technology in question can be modified and practiced in a different but equivalent manner, which will appear to specialists in the field who benefit from the lessons of this description. Furthermore, no limitation relates to the manufacturing or design details illustrated in the present invention, except in the cases described in the claims below. It is therefore obvious that the particular illustrative embodiments described above can be altered, combined or modified, and all of these variants are considered to be within the scope and spirit of the technology in question. The technology in question suitably described here can be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically described here and / or any optional element described here. Although the compositions and methods are described herein in terms of "comprising", "containing" or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods may also be "composed essentially of" or "compounds of" various components and various stages. All of the numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by a certain amount. When a numerical interval with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included interval that is within the interval is specifically disclosed. In particular, each range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b" or, equivalently, "from about a to b", or, equivalently, "from about ab") disclosed here is to be understood as describing each number and each range encompassed within the widest range of values. Likewise, the terms in the claims have their simple and ordinary meaning, unless they are defined explicitly and clearly by the patent owner. In addition, the indefinite articles "one" or "one", as used in the claims, are defined here as denoting one or more of the elements they precede. In the event of a conflict in the use of a word or term found in this description and in one or more patents or other documents which could be incorporated here for reference, the definitions which are consistent with this description must be adopted.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. System comprising:
    a first single-mode circulator which can be coupled to a distributed detection interrogator to route a single-mode optical signal coming from the detection interrogator distributed through a first single-mode optical fiber to a second single-mode optical fiber which can be positioned downhole in a region to be detected and capable of being communicationally coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator to route a reflective optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the optical receiver; and an optical amplifier coupled to the single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. System according to claim 1, further comprising:
    an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal and routing the filtered single mode optical signal to the second single mode optical fiber, and, optionally.
    a second single-mode circulator which can be coupled to a second single-mode optical fiber which can be positioned in the region to be detected in order to convey the single-mode optical signal from the single-mode optical fiber to the second single-mode optical fiber and which can be coupled in communication to the first circulator for routing the optical signal reflective received from the second single mode optical fiber to the first single mode circulator.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. System according to claim 1 or 2, in which the first single-mode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to an optical splice for receiving the reflective optical signal from the second single mode circulator;
    a second port which can be coupled in communication with the distributed detection interrogator to receive the single mode optical signal coming from the distributed detection interrogator; and a third port coupled to the optical amplifier for routing the single mode optical signal to the optical amplifier.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the single mode optical signal and. ie the reflecting optical signal have the same signal strength, and, optionally, in which the optical amplifier amplifies the single mode optical signal by a predetermined gain based on a signal strength of the reflecting optical signal.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising an optical splice coupled along a return path between the first single-mode circulator and the second single-mode circulator, optionally, in which the second single-mode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to the optical filter for receiving the filtered single mode optical signal;
    a second port coupled to the second single mode optical fiber for routing the filtered single mode optical signal to the second single mode optical fiber; and a third port which can be coupled in communication to an optical splice to receive the reflecting optical signal from the second single mode optical fiber and to route the reflecting optical signal to the optical splice.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. The system of claim 5, further comprising:
    a second optical amplifier coupled to the second single-mode circulator to amplify the reflecting optical signal, and, optionally, a second optical filter coupled to the second optical amplifier to filter one or more noise components from the amplified reflecting optical signal and routing the optical signal * reflective filtered to the first single mode optical fiber.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Process comprising:
    the routing, by a first single-mode circulator coupled in communication to a distributed detection interrogator, of a single-mode optical signal through a first single-mode optical fiber positioned in a region to be detected;
    amplification, by an optical amplifier coupled to the first single-mode circulator, of the single-mode optical signal by a predetermined gain;
    filtering, by an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier, the amplified single-mode optical signal to remove one or more noise components from the amplified single-mode optical signal;
    the reception, by a second single-mode circulator coupled to the optical filter, of an optical signal reflecting on a second single-mode optical fiber positioned in the region to be detected in response to the routing of the filtered single-mode optical signal; and the routing, by the second single mode circulator, of the reflecting optical signal towards the first single mode circulator.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
    the reception, by the first single-mode circulator, of the reflecting optical signal coming from the second single-mode circulator via a spliced single-mode optical fiber coupled to the second single-mode circulator.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, in which the routing of the single-mode optical signal through the first single-mode optical fiber comprises:
    receiving the single-mode optical signal at a second port coupled in communication to a distributed detection interrogator;
    routing the single mode optical signal through a third port coupled in communication to the optical amplifier via the first single mode optical fiber; and receiving the reflecting optical signal at a first port coupled to the second singlemode circulator through the first singlemode optical fiber spliced from the second singlemode optical fiber, wherein receiving the reflecting optical signal comprises routing of the reflecting optical signal to the detection interrogator distributed through the second port.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, in which the routing of the reflecting optical signal to the first single-mode circulator comprises:
    receiving the filtered single-mode optical signal at a first port coupled in communication to the optical filter;
    routing the filtered single-mode optical signal to a second single-mode optical fiber through a second port; and routing the reflecting optical signal through a third port coupled in communication to the first single mode circulator via the first single mode optical fiber spliced from the second single mode optical fiber, wherein routing the filtered single mode optical signal includes receiving the optical signal reflecting at the second port coupled in communication to the second single mode optical fiber.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
    amplification, by a second optical amplifier coupled to the second single-mode circulator, of the reflecting optical signal by a predetermined gain, and, optionally, filtering, by a second optical filter coupled to the second optical amplifier, of the amplified reflecting optical signal to remove one or more noise components of the amplified reflecting optical signal.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. System comprising:
    a distributed detection interrogator;
    a distributed detection optical fiber amplifier; and a distributed detection subsystem positionable downhole in a region to be detected and comprising a single-mode optical fiber as a communication medium for an interrogation optical signal and a reflecting optical signal, in which the fiber amplifier distributed detection optic comprises: a first single-mode circulator that can be coupled to a distributed detection interrogator for routing a single-mode optical signal coming from the detection interrogator distributed through a first single-mode optical fiber to a second single-mode optical fiber positioned at the bottom of a hole in a region to be detected and which can be coupled in communication to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator to route a reflecting optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the optical receiver;
    an optical amplifier coupled to the first single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal;
    an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal and routing the filtered single mode optical signal to your second single mode optical fiber; and a second single mode circulator which can be coupled to the second single mode optical fiber to route the single mode optical signal from the single mode optical fiber to the second single mode optical fiber and which can be coupled in communication to the first circulator to route the reflective optical signal received from the second single mode optical fiber to the first single mode circulator.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The system as claimed in claim 12, in which the first single-mode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to an optical splice for receiving the reflective optical signal from the second single mode circulator;
    a second port which can be coupled in communication with the distributed detection interrogator to receive the single mode optical signal coming from the distributed detection interrogator; and a third port coupled to the optical amplifier to route the single mode optical signal to the optical amplifier.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. The system as claimed in claim 12 or 13, in which the second single-mode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to the optical filter for receiving the filtered single mode optical signal;
    a second port coupled to the second single mode optical fiber for routing the filtered single mode optical signal to the second single mode optical fiber; and a third port that can be coupled in communication to an optical splice to receive the reflective optical signal from the second single mode optical fiber and route the reflective optical signal to the optical splice.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. System according to any one of claims 12 to 14, in which the distributed detection optical fiber amplifier further comprises:
    a second optical amplifier coupled to the second single mode circulator to amplify the reflecting optical signal, and optionally a second optical filter coupled to the second optical amplifier to filter one or more noise components from the amplified reflecting optical signal and routing the filtered reflecting optical signal to the first single mode optical fiber, wherein the single mode optical signal and the filtered reflective optical signal have the same signal strength.
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    法律状态:
    2019-08-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2021-05-07| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210405 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201762543339P| true| 2017-08-09|2017-08-09|
    US62543339|2017-08-09|
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