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    • 专利摘要:
    The technology in question concerns a distributed detection interrogation using a single mode fiber for a multimode fiber interrogation. The technology in question includes deploying a distributed detection tool in a wellbore, and recording the wellbore using the distributed sensing tool. The distributed detection tool includes an optical amplifier and an optical filter coupled to a single-mode optical fiber and a multimode optical fiber. The optical amplifier is coupled to a single-mode circulator for amplifying a single-mode optical signal, and the optical filter is coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering the amplified single-mode optical signal. The single-mode circulator may be coupled to an interrogator to route the single-mode optical signal to the multimode optical fiber and route an optical signal reflecting from the multimode optical fiber to the interrogator. A mode scrambler may be coupled to the multimode optical fiber to couple the amplified single mode optical signal into a plurality of modes of the multimode optical fiber.
    公开号:FR3070068A1
    申请号:FR1857348
    申请日:2018-08-07
    公开日:2019-02-15
    发明作者:Michel Joseph LeBlanc；Jason Edward Therrien；Andreas Ellmauthaler
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ® DISTRIBUTED DETECTION INTERROGATOR MULTIMODE FIBER INTERROGATION.
    The technology in question relates to a distributed detection interrogation using a single mode fiber for a multimode fiber interrogation. The technology in question includes deploying a distributed detection tool to a wellbore, and recording the wellbore using the distributed detection tool. The distributed detection tool includes an optical amplifier and an optical filter coupled to a single mode optical fiber and a multimode optical fiber. The optical amplifier is coupled to a single mode circulator to amplify a single mode optical signal, and the optical filter is coupled to the optical amplifier to filter the amplified single mode optical signal. The single mode circulator can be coupled to an interrogator to route the single mode optical signal to the multimode optical fiber and route a reflective optical signal from the multimode optical fiber to the interrogator. A mode jammer can be coupled to the multimode optical fiber to couple the amplified single mode optical signal into a plurality of modes of the multimode optical fiber.
    USING SINGLE-MODE FIBER FOR A
    DISTRIBUTED SENSOR INTERROGATOR USING SINGLE-MODE FIBER FOR MULTI-MODE FIBER INTERROGATION
    TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to distributed detection recording measurement systems, and more particularly to a distributed detection interrogator using a single mode fiber for a multimode fiber interrogation.
    BACKGROUND [0002] Distributed detection technology can be suitable for various downhole applications ranging from temperature detection to passive seismic monitoring. For example, a distributed detection system may include an interrogation device positioned on a surface near a wellbore and coupled to an optical detection optical fiber extending from the surface into the wellbore. An optical source of the interrogation device can transmit an optical signal, or an interrogation signal, downhole in the wellbore through the optical detection optical fiber. The optical signal reflections can propagate to an optical receiver in the interrogation device and the reflections can be analyzed to determine a condition in the wellbore.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The following figures are included to illustrate certain aspects of the implementations, and should not be considered as exclusive implementations. The object described may undergo considerable modifications, alterations, combinations and equivalents in form and function, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art and having the advantage of the present invention.
    FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a well monitoring and measurement system which can use the principles of the present invention according to one or more implementations.
    Figures 2A -2D illustrate examples of distributed detection deployment options which can use the principles of the present invention in accordance with one or more implementations.
    FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a distributed detection interrogator using a single mode fiber and a multimode fiber.
    FIG. 4 illustrates another example of a distributed detection interrogator using a single-mode fiber for interrogation of multimode fiber.
    Figure 5 illustrates an example of a backscatter waveform based on a single mode fiber and a multimode fiber.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION The reflections of an optical signal may consist of a Rayleigh backscatter, as used in distributed acoustic detection, or a Raman backscatter, as used for temperature detection, or another form of backscatter (for example, Brillouin). Most interrogation systems are configured to operate with single mode fiber ("SME"). However, in practice, it may happen that only the optical fiber available for interrogation is a multimode fiber. It is desirable to be able to connect an interrogator designed for a single-mode fiber to a multimode fiber (“MMF”) and to obtain useful distributed measurements from the multimode fiber.
    In some examples, a single mode optical fiber can directly couple an interrogation subsystem to a multimode detection optical fiber. The interrogation subsystem can transmit an optical pulse to the single mode fiber. The optical pulse can propagate through the single mode fiber and enter the multimode detection optical fiber through a splice or connector. The optical pulse can propagate through the multimode detection optical fiber using a single mode of the multimode fiber, but this propagation condition is typically maintained for a short propagation distance along the multimode fiber. Under realistic propagation conditions, the light energy is divided into several modes in the multimode fiber. Even if the light energy is distributed over a certain number of modes, there is only a minimum loss of the total energy when one passes from the single mode fiber to the multimode fiber.
    The backscatter of the. multimode fiber initially propagates in multimode fiber to the interrogator. When this backscattered light reaches the single-mode splice, only part of the light traveling to the interrogator is coupled to the single-mode fiber. This is because the single mode field occupies a smaller area. The digital disparity of openness also plays a role. In this regard, a large loss of signal strength is incurred when connecting a multimode fiber to a single mode fiber.
    As used herein, the terms "single mode fiber" and "SMF" are interchangeable with the term "single mode optical fiber", and the terms "multimode fiber" and "MMF" are interchangeable with the term "multimode optical fiber" Without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    An interrogator connected to a single-mode fiber, which is then connected (or spliced) to a multimode fiber, receives the backscatter from both the single-mode part of the fiber cable and the multimode part of the fiber cable. Due to the attenuation at the splice mentioned above, however, the intensity measured by the interrogator of the multimode backscatter signal is significantly attenuated compared to the backscatter that comes from the single mode fiber portion . Indeed, the backscattering of multimode fiber is attenuated at the MME level towards the splicing of the SMF, while the backscattering of the SMF remains in a propagation path from SMF to the detector. In such a system, the intensity and amplification of the interrogator light pulses (optical and / or electronic), when adjusted to provide sufficient detected power for a good signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber backscatter multimode, cause electronic saturation of the detector for the backscatter signal of the single-mode fiber. Therefore, it is not possible to interrogate the SMF part and the MMF parts simultaneously.
    The use of a mode jammer can transmit a single mode optical signal in several modes of the multimode fiber. The mode jammer can distribute the energy of the optical signal between several low loss modes. The mode jammer can generate a multimode optical signal based on a single mode optical signal and provide a lower density multimode optical signal as an interrogation signal for a distributed detection optical fiber. Using the mode jammer in a distributed detection system can allow the system to transmit optical signals at higher power and with a lower power distribution, which can produce a higher signal to noise ratio ("SNR "). In some aspects, a mode jammer can be a device communicatively coupled to a multimode optical fiber. In additional aspects or other aspects, the mode jammer can be formed by applying micro-curvature to the multimode optical fiber to cause the division of an optical signal propagating through the multimode optical fiber into several modes. A mode jammer may not help reduce the loss of intensity of backscattered light from multimode fiber to single mode fiber.
    Previous attempts to use multimode fiber for distributed detection involved either the presence of an MMF in the interrogator, modification or special design of a distributed detection box ("DS"), or connection from an SMF directly to an MMF or an MMF jammer, which did not compensate for the attenuation of the signals described above. This meant that to obtain a sufficiently strong backscatter signal (or reflective optical signal) from the MMF, the single mode optical signal from the SMF section would saturate the detector and would not be usable.
    The present invention relates to the use of a DS interrogator designed for the SMF in order to operate with the MMF so that 1) the device can be external to the DS interrogator of MMF so that the DS interrogator does not need to be changed; 2) the effective losses observed at the interface between the MMF and the SMF are reduced, so that the backscatter signal of the MMF appears with the same force as the signal of SMF; 3) the SMF 'section before the device can be interrogated without penalty (for example, no signal saturation), which is useful because it allows the use of fiber tensioners of piezoelectric ceramic material (for example, PZT ) inside the SMF DS interrogator in a standard way, without requiring that the same be located in the MMF section, there is therefore no need for MMF tensioners; and 4) the device is compatible with DS systems with multiple wavelengths as well as homodyne and heterodyne interrogation schemes. In other words, the technology in question provides a convenient and efficient way to use an SMF DS interrogator with an MMF.
    The technology in question has several advantages over traditional distributed acoustic detection recording systems. For example, the system in question enables the efficient use of SMF with MMF by amplifying and filtering a single mode optical signal for interrogation of MMF with minimal loss of signal integrity in the backscatter light. Other advantages include a lower cost of ownership of the DS system, so there is no need for a separate DS system from MMF and SMF. The system in question also provides a better SNR for use with an MMF compared to traditional distributed detection systems.
    The technology in question relates to a distributed detection interrogation using an SMF for the interrogation of an MMF. The technology in question includes deploying a distributed detection tool to a wellbore entering an underground formation, and recording the wellbore using the distributed detection tool. The distributed detection tool includes an optical amplifier and an optical filter coupled to a single mode optical fiber and a multimode optical fiber. The optical amplifier is coupled to a single mode circulator to amplify a single mode optical signal, and the optical filter is coupled to the optical amplifier to filter the amplified single mode optical signal. The single mode circulator can be coupled to an interrogator to route the single mode optical signal to the multimode optical fiber and route a reflective optical signal from the multimode optical fiber to the interrogator. A mode jammer can be coupled to the multimode optical fiber to output a multimode optical signal generated from the filtered single mode optical signal. A typical application of such a system is a distributed acoustic detection system (DAS) operating using Rayleigh backscatter signaling. Such a system is typically constructed using an SMF and with the device described here can be used to interrogate the MME.
    FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a well monitoring and measurement system 100 which can use the principles of the present invention according to one or more implementations. It may be noted that the well monitoring and measurement system 100 can be used in a land operation as well as in any marine or underwater application comprising a floating platform installation or an underground well head, as generally known in the art . The well monitoring and measurement system 100 may also include additional or different features which are not shown in Figure 1. For example, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include system components. additional cable recording, production system components, completion system components or other components. In the present invention, distributed detection systems can be permanently installed and connected to a detection fiber for the purpose of monitoring production and flow rates over time.
    Horizontal drilling techniques to form a wellbore often include vertical drilling from a surface location to a desired underground depth, from which the drilling is curved or to an underground plane approximately horizontal with respect to to the surface to connect the wellbore to multiple hydrocarbon deposits.
    As illustrated, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include a service platform 112 which is positioned on the earth's surface 136 and extends above and around a wellbore 128 which penetrates into an underground formation 110. The service platform 103 can be a drilling platform, a completion platform, a reconditioning platform, a production platform or the like. In some embodiments, the service platform 103 may be omitted and replaced by a standard surface wellhead completion or installation, without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, although the well monitoring and measurement system 100 is described as a land operation, it will be understood that the principles of the present invention could also be applied in any application at sea or underwater where the service installation 103 may be a floating platform, a semi-submersible platform, or an underground wellhead installation as generally known in the art.
    The wellbore 128 can be drilled in the underground formation 110 using any suitable drilling technique and can extend in a substantially vertical direction away from the. land surface 136 over a portion of a vertical wellbore. At some point in the wellbore 128, the vertical wellbore portion may deviate from the vertical with respect to the surface of the earth 136 and become a substantially horizontal portion. In other embodiments, however, the tubing column may be omitted from all or part of the wellbore 128 and the principles of the present invention may also apply to an "open hole" environment.
    As shown in FIG. 1, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 comprises a tubing system 102, which is placed on a reel 104. The tubing system 102 passes over a guide arc 106, commonly known as a "gooseneck" in the oil and gas industry, and is directed downward through an injector head 108 into an underground formation 110. The guide arc 106 may include a rigid structure which has a radius known. When the tubing system 102 is transported through the guide arch 106, the tubing system 102 can be plastically deformed and otherwise reformed and redirected to be received by the injector head 108 located below.
    During a tubing operation, the tubing system 102 is routed from the coil 104 over the injector head 108 into a wellbore 128. In some implementations, for example, the head of the the injector 108 may include a plurality of elements or internal gripping wheels (not shown) configured to engage the exterior surface of the tubing system 102 either to pull the tubing system 102 from the coil 108, or to retract the tubing system tubing 102 from wellbore 128 to be rewound onto reel 104. In some embodiments, however, the injector head 108 can be omitted and the weight of tubing system 102 can be used instead for deployment and the coil 104 can be motorized to retract the tubing system 102.
    The fluid can be delivered to a set of bottom holes 114 and to a downhole tool 116 through the tubing system 102. The fluid can then be returned to the surface 136 through the annular space between the wall of the wellbore (or the casing if the wellbore 128 is a tube) and the tubing system 102. The returned fluid can be directed to a pipe of discharged fluid 118 and delivered to a mud pit 120. A pump recirculation 122 can then recirculate the fluid through the pipe 124 to the tubing system 102.
    The tubing system 102 may be, but is not limited to, a coiled tubing, an intelligent coiled tubing, a hybrid coiled tubing, or the like. The term "spiral tubing" normally refers to a column of relatively small diameter continuous tubes which can be transported to a well site on a drum or in a coil (eg, 104). As oil and gas exploration technology continues to improve, the demand for better wellbore information increases and the use of spiral tubing to deploy more instrumentation in wellbore 128, in particular pressure and temperature sensors, arouses increased interest.
    In certain implementations, the tubing system 102 may include a conduit or an umbilical used to convey fluids or energy to an underwater location (not shown), such as a head. well, submerged platform or underwater pipe. Tubing system 102 may be made from a variety of deformable materials including, but not limited to, a steel alloy, stainless steel, titanium, other suitable metal-based materials, thermoplastics, composite materials (for example, carbon fiber materials), and any combination thereof. Tubing system 102 may have a diameter of approximately
    3.5 inches (8.89 cm), but may also have a diameter greater than or less than
    3.5 inches (8.89 cm), without departing from the scope of the invention.
    As illustrated, the well monitoring and measurement system 100 may include a plurality of sensors and distributed devices (for example, 126a-n), each being coupled in communication to a data acquisition system 130 configured for receive and process signals from each sensor and / or device. The data acquisition system 130 may be a computer system, for example, which includes memory, processor and computer readable instructions which, when executed by the processor, process the sensor signals. As illustrated, the data acquisition system 130 is coupled in communication to the tubing system 102 and housed in a feed guide component of the service platform 112. The data acquisition system 130 can be coupled in communication to the tubing system 102 and located in a section of the service platform 112 different from that presented in FIG. 1 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    A typical fiber telemetry system inside a spiral tube can include at least three fiber optic pressure transducers, one at the heel, one at the foot and one in the middle of the horizontal part. , as well as additional fibers for distributed temperature detection (DTS) and / or distributed acoustic detection telemetry (DAS). Each sensor can have one or more fibers. Although the number of fibers may vary, the examples given in this invention will demonstrate the deployment of optical fibers for DTS and / or DAS telemetry to cover wire rope, tubing, tubing and spiral tubing (including intelligent hybrid systems).
    Distributed sensors, for example having an optical fiber, can be pulled and / or pumped in a spiral tube (see for example Figure 2D) for recoverability. Tubing system 102 may also include various electrical sensors, including point thermocouples for temperature detection as well as a calibration of the DTS system. DTS and / or DAS fibers can be deployed on a cable (see Figure 2 A.) for recoverability, or pumped into a conduit after installation. Fiber for DTS can be pumped into a double-ended conduit for some spiral tubing deployments. The location of the sensors can be carefully measured before they are pulled into the spiral tubing. The exact location can then be identified using, for example, X-ray systems and / or ultrasonic systems and / or DAS systems by tapping on the spiral tubing and / or by DTS systems and applying a thermal event or other similar process where the distance can be checked and compared to the distances measured before a detection chain is pulled into the. spiral tubing. The penetrations can then be drilled through the spiral tubing at appropriate locations, and suitable seals can be applied to / activated on the assembly. All installation of the sensor systems in the tubing is carried out in the spiral tubing before the tubing is deployed at the bottom of the well.
    In some implementations, the distributed sensors can include distributed acoustic sensors, which can also use optical fibers and allow a distributed measurement of local acoustics at any point along the fiber. In addition or alternatively, in one example (not explicitly illustrated), the distributed sensors can be permanently attached to or integrated into the one or more casing columns covering the wellbore 128 (see FIG. 2C), at the one or more columns of tubing positioned at the bottom of the well in the casing (see FIG. 2B), and / or the wall of the wellbore 128 at a predetermined distance axially spaced. The optical fiber can include a single mode fiber, a multimode fiber or a combination thereof. Distributed acoustic sensors can be configured to operate as a DAS subsystem and / or DTS subsystem. The distributed detection system can operate using Rayleigh backscatter (for example, DAS), or Brillouin (for example, distributed temperature detection or distributed deformation detection), or Raman (detection of distributed temperature).
    Figures 2A-2D illustrate examples of distributed detection deployment options that can use the principles of the present invention in accordance with one or more implementations. Wells for oil and gas exploration and production are often drilled in stages where a first stage is drilled and lined with casing (eg, surface casing 201), then a second stage of smaller diameter is drilled and covered with tubing (e.g., production tubing 202), and so on. In some implementations, the wellbore 128 can be completed by cementing a casing column inside the wellbore 128 along all or part of it. Once the drilling of the wellbore (for example, 128) is completed, operations to complete the wellbore are then undertaken. Completion operations generally refer to the events necessary to bring a wellbore into production after drilling operations have been completed.
    In Figure 2A, a wire rope assembly 200 includes tubing 204 deployed in a wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through production tubing 202. A wire rope (for example, cable 203 ) housing optical fibers can be routed through tubing 204, and later recoverable from wellbore 128. In some aspects, the optical fibers are coupled to a wire rope (eg, cable 203). The optical fibers can be coupled to the wire rope so that the optical fibers can be removed with the wire rope. The cable 203 can comprise several optical fibers. For example, the optical fibers may include one or more single-mode optical fibers and one or more multimode optical fibers. Each of the optical fibers may include one or more optical sensors along the optical fibers. The optical sensors can be deployed in wellbore 128 and used to detect and transmit measurements of background conditions in wellbore 128 on the earth's surface (eg, 136). A lower hole gauge holder 205 is coupled to a distal end of the cable 203 for taking measurements at the end of the toes of the lateral wellbore. In some aspects, the lower hole gauge holder 205 includes a pressure / temperature gauge for measuring pressure and / or temperature.
    In some implementations, the single mode fiber (SMF) can be used both for DAS or DTS, or multimode fiber (MMF) for DAS or DTS depending on the implementation. In certain implementations, a double-sheath-double-core fiber can be used using, for example, the SMF for the DAS on the internal core and the DTS of the MMF on the external core without going beyond the scope of the present invention.
    In FIG. 2B, a tubing assembly 210 comprises the tubing 204 deployed in the wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through the production tubing 202. The cable 203 can be routed through the tubing 204 and permanently installed along an exterior surface of tubing 204. The optical fibers housed in cable 203 can be retained against the exterior surface of tubing 204 at intervals (eg, all other joints) by bands Coupling devices (for example, transverse coupling guards 211) which extend around the tubing 204. In some aspects, a tail of tubing 212 can be extended below a bottom hole.
    In Figure 2C, a tubing assembly 220 includes tubing 204 deployed in the wellbore (for example, 114) and routed through production tubing 202. Cable 203 can be routed through surface tubing 201 and permanently installed along an outside surface of the production tubing 202. The optical fibers housed in the cable 203 can be retained against the outside surface of the production tubing 202 at intervals (for example, all other joints ) by * coupling strips (for example, transverse coupling protectors 211) which extend around the production casing 202.
    In Figure 2D, a spiral tubing assembly 230 includes tubing 204, such as a spiral tubing system, deployed in a wellbore (for example, 128) and routed through the production tubing 202. A cable 203 housing optical fibers can be coupled to an exterior surface of tubing 204. In some aspects, optical fibers are coupled to cable 203. Optical fibers can be coupled non-permanently to cable 203 so that optical fibers can be removed with cable 203. Cable 203 can include multiple optical fibers. For example, the optical fibers may include one or more single-mode optical fibers and one or more multimode optical fibers. Each of the optical fibers may include one or more optical sensors along the optical fibers. The optical sensors can be deployed in wellbore 128 and used to detect and transmit measurements of background conditions in wellbore 128 on the earth's surface (for example, 136). A downhole gauge holder 205 is routed through tubing 204 beyond a distal end of cable 203 to a downhole assembly module (e.g. 114) for taking measurements at the end of the toes of the side wellbore, and then recoverable from wellbore 128 through tubing 204. In some aspects, the lower hole gauge holder 205 includes a pressure / temperature gauge for measuring pressure and / or the temperature.
    The cable 203 can be configured for the detection of optical fiber in order to obtain punctual or distributed measurements of optical fibers. As used herein, "distributed optical fiber detection" refers to the ability to obtain well parameter measurements over the entire length of an optical fiber, but also to the ability to obtain point measurements at from point reflectors (for example, Fiber Bragg, Gralings, etc.) included at predetermined locations along the optical fiber (s). The optical fibers in the cable 203 can be used as distributed acoustic sensors and / or distributed temperature sensors. In one example, one or more optical fibers can be used for one or more DAS or DTS.
    A number of distributed detection methodologies can be used to determine the well parameters of interest, without departing from the scope of the present invention. When electromagnetic radiation is transmitted through an optical fiber, part of the electromagnetic radiation will be backscattered in the optical fiber by impurities from the optical fiber, areas of different refractive index in the fiber produced in the manufacturing process of the fiber, the surfaces of the optical fiber, and / or the connections between the fiber and other fibers or optical components. Some of the backscattered electromagnetic radiation is treated as unwanted noise and measures can be taken to reduce this backscatter.
    Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example of a distributed detection system 300 according to one aspect of the present invention. The distributed detection system 300 includes a distributed detection interrogator (DS) 302. In certain aspects, the DS interrogator 302 in FIG. 2 represents a configuration of the calculation subsystem 118 and the cable 203 in FIGS. 2A-2D , but other configurations are possible. For example, the components of the distributed detection system 300 can be arranged in a different order or configuration without departing from the scope of the present invention. Likewise, one or more components can be added to or subtracted from the configuration of the distributed detection system 300 shown in FIG. 3 without departing from the scope of the present invention.
    The DS 302 interrogator is connected to an SML conductor, which is connected to the interrogator side "DS of SMF" (distributed detection of single-mode fiber) of the assembly using a high fiber connector. power 304. The laser pulses launched from the DS 302 interrogator are routed to a bidirectional port of a first SML circulator (port 2), which is connected at port 3 to a variable optical attenuator (VGA) SMF 308 in front of an optical amplifier 360, which amplifies the light and sends it to an optical filter 312. The optical filter 312 suppresses the amplified spontaneous emission noise (ASE) of the optical amplifier 360. The output of the optical filter 312 is connected to a mode jammer 330, the output of which is connected to port 1 of a multimode circulator 340, which guides the light towards port 2 (a bidirectional port) towards a distributed detection optical fiber 355. The backscatter from of the A distributed detection optical fiber 355 is sent via the multimode circulator 312 to port 3 of the multimode circulator 340, which is connected to an SMF via a mode field adapter (MFA) 370 leading to the port 1 of the single mode circulator 306, which guides the light to port 2 of the single mode circulator 306 to the interrogator of DS 302. In some aspects, the mode field adapter 370 is replaced by a simple multimode single mode splice.
    The distributed detection interrogator 302 can be positioned at a surface of a wellbore and the DS interrogator 302 can include an optical source (not shown). The optical source can include a laser and a pulse generator. The laser can emit optical signals which can be manipulated by the pulse generator. In some aspects, the pulse generator may include one or more amplifiers, oscillators, or other components suitable for manipulating the optical signals emitted by the laser to generate pulses of optical signals at a controlled duration. The pulses of the optical signals from the pulse generator can be transmitted to a single mode optical fiber 315. In some aspects, the single mode optical fiber 315 can route optical signals having a wavelength in the range of 1300 nanometers to 1 600 nanometers. In additional or other aspects, the single mode optical fiber 315 may include a core diameter of between 8 and 10 microns.
    The single-mode circulator 306 can be a three-port single-mode circulator 306 comprising ports 1 to 3. The single-mode circulator 306 can include one or more isolation components for isolating the input of optical signals on each of ports 1 to 3. Port 1 is communicatively coupled to the output (or port 3) of a multimode circulator 340 by a second multimode optical fiber 335 via a mode field adapter 370 to receive the reflective optical signal from the multimode circulator 340.
    The single mode circulator 306 can route the reflective optical signal from port 1 to port 2. Port 2 is communicatively coupled to the DS 302 interrogator. Port 2 can receive the single mode optical signal from the distributed detection interrogator 302. Port 2 can route the single mode optical signal to port 3. The unilateral nature of the single mode circulator 306 can prevent the input single mode optical signal from crossing to the multimode circulator 340.
    The optical amplifier 360 may include an erbium-doped fiber amplifier ("EDF A") which can amplify an optical signal received without first converting the optical signal into an electrical signal. For example, an EDFA can comprise a core of a silica fiber which is doped with erbium ions to cause the wavelength of a received optical signal to undergo a gain to amplify the intensity of a transmitted optical signal . Although a single optical amplifier 360 is shown in FIG. 3, the optical amplifier 360 can represent several amplifiers without departing from the scope of the present invention. In certain implementations, the optical filter 312 is a FabryPérot (FP) filter. In some aspects, the optical filter 312 represents a notch filter which attenuates signals in a specified narrow frequency range.
    The objective of the VOA 308 is to attenuate the light at the level of the input of the optical amplifier 360 and is particularly useful in the case of a SAR with multiple wavelengths. Since there may be a time delay between pulses at a different wavelength, if the input intensity is too high, the light from the first wavelength pulse would reduce the gain of the second pulse by wavelength, like following wavelength pulses. In some cases, VGA 308 is not necessary since the output can be adjusted by the current supplied to the pump lasers of the optical amplifier 360.
    The optical signal pulses can propagate through the single-mode optical fiber 315 to reach a mode jammer 330. The mode jammer 330 may include a device that includes a mode mixer to provide modal distribution of optical signals . For example, the mode jammer 330 can receive a single mode optical signal from the optical filter and generate a multimode optical signal that uses multiple modes, or models, of the single mode optical signal. Each mode of the multimode optical signal can propagate an optical path in a different direction. The multimode optical signal can be transmitted by the mode jammer 330 through a multimode optical fiber 335 to a multimode circulator 340.
    The aim of the mode jammer 330 is to distribute the light in all the modes supported by the MMF in a uniform manner, which is desirable to reduce the non-linear effects in the optical fiber. The MMF in the assembly output is connected to the distributed detection optical fiber 355 using an inclined fiber connector, but need not be of the high power type, since the mode field area of the MMF is much larger than that of SMF and, therefore, there is less risk of deterioration of the fiber connection compared to high power passing through SMF connectors.
    The multimode circulator 340 can be a multimode circulator with three ports 3'40 comprising ports 1 to 3. The multimode circulator 340 can comprise one or more insulation components to isolate the input of the optical signals on each of the ports 1 to 3. The port 1 is communicatively coupled to the output of the mode jammer 330 by the second multimode optical free 335 to receive the multimode optical signal coming from the mode jammer 330. The multimode circulator 340 can also be optically transparent. For example, the multimode circulator 340 can operate in a bandwidth wavelength range to allow optical signals to be routed through the multimode circulator 340 without being dispersed, in an optically transparent manner.
    The multimode circulator 340 can route the multimode optical signal from port 1 to port 2. Port 2 is communicatively coupled to a distributed detection optical fiber 355, which can be positioned in the wellbore 114. The Multimode optical signals can be output from port 2 to distributed detection optical fiber 355 via a multimode fiber connector 345 to interrogate downhole optical sensors coupled to distributed detection optical fiber 355. The port 2 can receive reflective multimode optical signals. The multimode reflective optical signals may correspond to reflections of the multimode optical signals transmitted through the distributed detection optical fiber 355. For example, the multimode optical signals may be routed by the distributed detection optical fiber 355 to the downhole sensors and reflected through distributed detection optical fiber 355 to port 2. Port 2 can route the reflected multimode optical signals to port 3. The unidirectional nature of the multimode circulator 340 can prevent reflected light from downhole sensors to reflect towards the mode jammer 330. The port 3 of the multimode circulator 340 can be coupled to a multimode optical fiber 365. The multimode optical fiber 365 can be coupled to a single mode optical fiber 375 by a mode field adapter 370.
    The distributed detection optical fiber 355 may include one or more multimode optical fibers that can propagate optical signals in more than one mode. In additional aspects or other aspects, the core diameter of a multimode optical fiber (for example, from 50 microns to 100 microns) may be larger than the core diameter of a single mode optical fiber. A larger core diameter can allow a multimode optical fiber to support multiple propagation modes.
    Another example of a distributed detection system 400 to accomplish the same task is shown in Figure 4. The DS 302 interrogator is connected to an SMF conductor, which is connected to the "DAS" side of the together using a high power fiber connector 304. The laser pulses launched from the DS interrogator 302 are routed to a bidirectional port of the single mode circulator 340 at port 2, which is connected at level from port 3 to a variable optical attenuator (VOA) 308 in front of an optical amplifier 360, which amplifies the light and sends it to the optical filter 312. The output of the optical filter 312 is then connected to port 1 of a second single-mode circulator 380 , which guides the light to port 2 (a bidirectional port) of the second single-mode circulator 380. The single-mode optical signal coming from the output of the second single-mode circulator 380 at port 2 is sent to a field field adapter. ode (MFA) 390. In some aspects, MFA 390 is a single mode to multimode splice. In some implementations, the MFA 390 includes a mode jammer. The output of the MFA 390 is connected to the distributed detection optical fiber 355 via the multimode fiber connector 345. The backscatter from the distributed detection optical fiber 355 is returned via the MFA 390 to port 2 of the second single-mode circulator 380 at port 3 of the second nionomode circulator 380, which is connected to a single-mode optical fiber 398 via a single-mode splice 395 leading to port 1 of the single-mode circulator 306, which guides the light to port 2 of the circulator singlemode 306 to the DS 302 interrogator.
    In Figure 4, the two circulators (for example, 306, 380) use a single-mode fiber and a single connection is made to an MMF internal to the assembly (for example, that between the bidirectional port of the second nionomode circulator 380 and MFA 390). This approach has the advantage of using only SMF circulators, which are more readily available and less expensive than MMF circulators. However, this is penalized by the fact that the light passes through a mode jammer twice (an ibis in the forward direction and once in the reverse direction for backscattering). This means higher attenuation compared to a single pass, where a mode jammer can typically provide about 2 dB to 4 dB of attenuation in each direction. In some implementations, the MFA 390 is replaced by a single fusion splice.
    FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a ton of backscatter wave 500 using a single-mode fiber and a multimode fiber. The backscatter signal can be measured with the DS interrogator 302. The waveform 502 is representative of an adequate gain in the first optical amplifier 360 to match the signal of the MMF portion (for example, a signal reflective optics) with that of the SMF part (single mode optical signal). Waveform 512 is indicative of insufficient gain so that the signal strength of the reflecting optical signal would not match that of the first single mode optical signal. The first pump current of the optical amplifier 360 as the input of VOA 308 can be adjusted to modify the gain of the single mode optical signal.
    Various examples of aspects of the invention are described below. They are provided as examples and do not limit the technology in question.
    The system comprises a nionomode circulator which can be coupled to a distributed detection interrogator to route a single mode optical signal coming from the detection interrogator distributed through a nionomode optical fiber to a multimode optical fiber along a region at detecting, and being able to be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator to route a reflecting optical signal received from the multimode optical fiber to the optical receiver; and an optical amplifier coupled to the single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal.
    The invention relates to a method which comprises routing, by a single mode circulator coupled in a communicative manner to a distributed detection interrogator, of a single mode optical signal through a single mode optical fiber positioned in a wellbore; amplification, by an optical amplifier coupled to the single-mode circulator, of the single-mode optical signal by a predetermined gain; filtering, by * an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier, the amplified single mode optical signal to remove one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal; coupling, by a mode jammer into multiple modes of a multimode fiber, the amplified single-mode optical signal; the reception, by a multimode circulator coupled to the mode jammer, of an optical signal reflecting on a multimode optical fiber positioned in the wellbore in response to the routing of the multimode optical signal: and the routing, by the multimode circulator , from the optical signal reflecting towards the single-mode circulator.
    The system includes a distributed detection interrogator; a distributed detection mode converter: and a distributed detection subsystem which can be positioned along a region to be detected and comprising a multimode optical fiber as a communication medium for an optical interrogation signal and a reflective optical signal, the distributed detection mode converter comprising: a first nionomode circulator which can be coupled to the distributed detection interrogator to route a single mode optical signal from the detection interrogator distributed through a single mode optical fiber to the distributed detection subsystem and can be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator to route a reflective optical signal received from the distributed detection subsystem to the optical receiver; an optical amplifier coupled to the first single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal; an optical filter coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal; and a second single mode circulator coupled to the optical filter to route the filtered nionomode optical signal to the mode jammer and coupled to the first single mode circulator to route a reflective optical signal received from the mode jammer to the first single mode circulator via the fiber single mode optics.
    In one aspect, a method can be an operation, an instruction or a function and vice versa. In one aspect, a clause or claim can be modified to include all or part of the words (for example, instructions, operations, functions, or components) cited in one or more other clauses, one or more other words, one or more other sentences. , one or more other expressions, one or more other paragraphs, and / or one or more other claims.
    To illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, elements such as the various blocks, modules, components, methods, operations, instructions and illustrative algorithms have been generally described in terms of functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software depends on the particular application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled craftsmen can implement the functionality described in different ways for each particular application.
    A reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean one and only one, unless this is specifically indicated, but rather one or more. For example, "a" module can refer to one or more modules. An element preceded by “a”, “a”, “the” or “said” does not prevent, without other constraints, the existence of the same additional elements.
    Titles and subtitles, if any, are used only for convenience and do not limit the technology in question. The word "exemplary" is used to mean serve as an example or illustration. To the extent that the term "include", "have", or the like is used, this term is intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to that of the term "understand", since "understand" is interpreted when is used as a transition word in a claim. Relational terms such as "first" and "second" and the like can be used to distinguish one entity or action from another without necessarily requiring or implying a real relationship or order between such entities or actions.
    Expressions such as "one aspect", "the aspect", "another aspect", "certain aspects", "one or more aspects", "an implementation", "the implementation", "Another implementation", "some implementations", "one or more implementations", "an embodiment", "the embodiment", "another embodiment", "certain modes of realization "," one or more embodiments "," a configuration "," the configuration "," another configuration "," certain configurations "," one or more configurations "," the technology in question "," the invention "," the present invention "," other variations thereof / these and other similar expressions are used for convenience and do not imply that an invention relating to this / these expression (s) is essential to the technology in question or that this invention applies to all confi gurations of the technology in question. An invention relating to this expression (s) can apply to all configurations or to one or more configurations. An invention relating to this expression (s) can provide one or more examples. An expression such as "one aspect" or "certain aspects" can refer to one or more aspects and vice versa, and this applies similarly to other previous expressions.
    An expression "at least one of" preceding a series of elements, with the terms "and" or "or" to separate one of the elements, modifies the list as a whole rather than each member of the listing. The expression "at least one of" does not require the selection of at least one element; on the contrary, the expression allows a meaning which includes "at least any one of the elements", and / or "at least one of any combination of the elements", and / or "at least one of each elements ". By way of example, each of the expressions "at least one of A, B and C" or "at least one of A, B or C" refers to only A, only B, or only C; any combination of A, B and C; and / or at least one of each of A, B and C.
    It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the steps, operations or processes described is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Unless otherwise indicated, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps, operations or processes can be executed in a different order. Certain steps, certain operations or certain processes can be carried out simultaneously. The accompanying process claims, where appropriate, to present elements of the different stages, operations or processes in a sample order, and are not intended to be limited to the specific order or to the hierarchy presented. These can be done in series, linearly, in parallel, or in a different order. It should be understood that the instructions, operations and systems described can generally be integrated together in a single software / hardware product or packaged in several software / hardware products.
    The invention is provided to allow any specialist in the field to practice the various aspects described here. In some cases, well-known structures and components are represented in the form of a block diagram in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the technology in question. The invention provides various examples of the technology in question, and the technology in question is not limited to these examples. Various modifications of these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the principles described herein can be applied to other aspects.
    All the structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described in the invention which are known or must be known later to those skilled in the art are expressly incorporated here by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing described here is intended to be dedicated to the public, whether or not this invention is explicitly mentioned in the claims. No claim element shall be interpreted in accordance with the provisions of Title 35 of the United States Code, article 112, paragraph 6, unless the element is expressly mentioned using the expression "means for" or, in in the case of a process claim, the element is mentioned using the phrase "step to".
    The title, the context, the brief description of the drawings, the abstract and the drawings are incorporated here in the description of the invention and are provided by way of illustrative examples of the invention, and not in the form of restrictive descriptions. These elements are submitted with the understanding that they will not be used to limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the detailed description, it can be seen that the description provides illustrative examples and that the various characteristics are grouped together in various implementations with the aim of simplifying the invention. The process of the invention should not be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed object requires more features than those which are expressly set out in each claim. On the contrary, as the claims reflect, the inventive object resides in less of all the characteristics of a single configuration or operation described. The claims are incorporated herein into the detailed description, each claim being considered as a separately claimed object.
    The claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects described here, but should be given the full scope compatible with the language claims and encompass all legal equivalents. None of the claims, however, is intended to cover an object which does not meet the requirements of applicable patent law, nor should it be interpreted in this sense.
    Therefore, the technology in question is well suited to achieve the purposes and obtain the advantages mentioned here as well as those which are inherent in the present description. The particular embodiments described above are illustrative only, as the technology in question can be modified and practiced in a different but equivalent manner, which will appear to specialists in the field who benefit from the lessons of this description. In addition, no limitation relates to the details of manufacture or constitution illustrated in the present invention, except in the cases described in the claims below. It is therefore obvious that the particular illustrative embodiments described above can be altered, combined or modified, and all of these variants are considered to be within the scope and spirit of the technology in question. The technology in question suitably described here can be practiced in the absence of any element which is not specifically described here and / or any optional element described here. Although the compositions and methods are described herein in terms of "comprising", "containing" or "including" various components or steps, the compositions and methods may also be "composed essentially of" or "compounds of" various components and various stages. All of the numbers and ranges disclosed above may vary by a certain amount. When a numerical interval with a lower limit and an upper limit is disclosed, any number and any included interval that is within the interval is specifically disclosed. In particular, each range of values (of the form, "from about a to about b" or, equivalently, "from about a to b", or, equivalently, "from about ab") disclosed here is to be understood as describing each number and each range encompassed within the widest range of values. Likewise, the terms in the claims have their simple and ordinary meaning, unless they are defined explicitly and clearly by the patent owner. In addition, the indefinite articles "a" or "an", as used in the claims, are defined herein as denoting one or more of the elements which they precede. In the event of a conflict in the uses of a word or term found in this description and in one or more patents or other documents which could be incorporated here for reference, the definitions which are consistent with this description must be adopted.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Distributed detection mode converter comprising:
    a single mode circulator (306) capable of being coupled to a distributed detection interrogator (302) for routing a single mode optical signal from the distributed detection interrogator through a single mode optical fiber (315; 398) to a multimode optical fiber (335 ) along a region to be detected, and which can be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator to route a reflective optical signal received from the multimode optical fiber to the optical receiver; and an optical amplifier (360) coupled to the single mode circulator for amplifying the single mode optical signal.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Distributed detection mode converter according to claim 1, further comprising:
    an optical filter (312) coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360) for filtering one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Distributed detection mode converter according to claims
    1 or 2, further comprising a variable optical attenuator (308) coupled to the single mode circulator (306) to reduce a level of power of the single mode optical signal from the variable optical attenuator, and, optionally, wherein the optical amplifier (360) is directly coupled to an output of the variable optical attenuator to amplify an attenuated single mode optical signal from the variable optical attenuator.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Distributed detection mode converter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the single-mode circulator (306) comprises:
    a first port coupled to an optical fiber splice for receiving a reflective optical signal from a multimode optical fiber (335) through the optical fiber splice;
    a second port which can be communicatively coupled to the distributed detection interrogator (302) for receiving the single mode optical signal from the distributed detection interrogator; and a third port coupled to the optical amplifier (360) for routing the single mode optical signal to the optical amplifier, and, optionally, wherein the optical fiber splice is a mode field adapter (370).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Distributed detection mode converter according to claim 4, further comprising a second single-mode circulator (380) having a first port coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360), a second port connected to the multimode optical fiber ( 335), and a third port for routing the backscatter signaling from the second single mode circulator to the first port of the single mode circulator.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Distributed detection mode converter according to claim 4, further comprising:
    a mode jammer (330) which can be coupled to the multimode optical fiber (335) for coupling the amplified single mode optical signal into a plurality of modes of the multimode optical fiber.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    The distributed detection mode converter according to claim 6, further comprising a second single mode circulator (380) having a first port coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360), a second port connected to the mode jammer (330 ) which is connected to the multimode optical fiber (335), and a third port for routing the backscatter signaling from the second single mode circulator to a first port of the single mode circulator.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Distributed detection mode converter according to claim 6, further comprising:
    a multimode circulator (340) which can be coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360) for conveying the amplified single mode optical signal from the optical amplifier to the multimode optical fiber (335) and which can be communicatively coupled to the optical fiber splice coupled to a first port of the single mode circulator (306) for routing the reflective optical signal received from the multimode optical fiber to the first port of the single mode circulator, and, optionally, in which the multimode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to the mode jammer (330) for receiving the multimode optical signal;
    a second port which can be communicatively coupled to the multimode optical fiber for routing the multimode optical signal to the multimode optical fiber and for receiving the reflective optical signal; and a third port coupled to an optical splice for routing the reflecting optical signal to the optical splice via the multimode optical fiber.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Distributed detection mode converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in which the single-mode optical signal and the reflecting optical signal have the same signal intensity, and, optionally, in which the optical amplifier (360) amplifies the single mode optical signal by a predetermined gain based on a signal strength of the reflecting optical signal.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Method for measuring distributed detection recording comprising:
    routing, by a single mode circulator (306) communicatively coupled to a distributed detection interrogator (302), a single mode optical signal through a single mode optical fiber (315; 398) positioned in a wellbore (128 ):
    amplification, by an optical amplifier (360) coupled to the single-mode circulator, of the single-mode optical signal by a predetermined gain;
    filtering, by an optical filter (312) coupled to the optical amplifier, the amplified single-mode optical signal to remove one or more noise components from the amplified single-mode optical signal;
    coupling, by a mode jammer (330) into multiple modes of a multimode fiber (335), the amplified single mode optical signal from the optical amplifier;
    receiving, by a multimode circulator (340) coupled to the mode jammer, an optical signal reflecting on a multimode optical fiber positioned in the wellbore in response to the routing of the multimode optical signal; and the routing, by * the multimode circulator, of the reflecting optical signal towards the monomode circulator.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising:
    modifying, by a variable optical attenuator (308) positioned between the single-mode circulator (306) and the optical amplifier (360), of the single-mode optical signal coming from the single-mode circulator.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Distributed detection system (.300; 400) comprising:
    a distributed detection interrogator (302):
    a distributed detection mode converter; and a distributed detection subsystem positionable along a region to be detected and comprising a multimode optical fiber (335) as a communication medium for an interrogation optical signal and a reflective optical signal, wherein the converter distributed detection mode includes: a first single mode circulator (306) which can be coupled to the distributed detection interrogator to route a single mode optical signal from the detection interrogator distributed through a single mode optical fiber (315; 398) the distributed detection subsystem which can be communicatively coupled to an optical receiver of the distributed detection interrogator in order to route a reflective optical signal received from the distributed detection subsystem to the optical receiver:
    an optical amplifier (360) coupled to the first single-mode circulator to amplify the single-mode optical signal:
    an optical filter (312) coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering one or more noise components from the amplified single mode optical signal; and a second single mode circulator (380) coupled to the optical filter to route the filtered single mode optical signal to a mode jammer (330) and coupled to the first single mode circulator to route a reflective optical signal received from the mode jammer to the first single mode circulator by through single mode optical fiber.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Distributed detection system (300; 400) according to claim 12, further comprising:
    a mode jammer (330) which can be coupled to the multimode optical free (335) for coupling the amplified single mode optical signal into a plurality of modes of the multimode optical fiber.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Distributed detection system (300; 400) according to claim 13, in which the second nionomode circulator (380) comprises a first port coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360), a second port connected to the mode jammer (330) which is connected to the multimode optical fiber (335), and a third port for routing the backscatter signaling from the second single mode circulator to a first port of the single mode circulator, and, optionally, in which the first nionomode circulator (306 ) includes:
    a first port coupled to an optical fiber splice for receiving the reflective optical signal from a multimode optical fiber through the optical fiber splice;
    a second port which can be communicatively coupled to the distributed detection interrogator (302) to receive the single-mode optical signal coming from the distributed detection interrogator; and a third port coupled to the optical amplifier for routing the single mode optical signal to the optical amplifier.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Distributed detection system (300; 400) according to claim 14, further comprising:
    a multimode circulator (380) which can be coupled to an output of the optical amplifier (360) for conveying the amplified single mode optical signal from the optical amplifier to the multimode optical fiber (335) and which can be communicatively coupled to the optical fiber splice coupled to a first port of the first single mode circulator (306) for routing the reflective optical signal received from the multimode optical fiber to the first port of the single mode circulator, wherein the multimode circulator comprises:
    a first port coupled to the mode jammer (330) for receiving the multimode optical signal;
    a second port which can be communicatively coupled to the multimode optical fiber for routing the multimode optical signal to the multimode optical fiber and for receiving the reflective optical signal; and a third port coupled to an optical splice for routing the reflecting optical signal to the optical splice through the multimode optical fiber.
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    US11085290B2|2021-08-10|
    WO2019032340A1|2019-02-14|
    CA3067864A1|2019-02-14|
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    法律状态:
    2019-08-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2020-04-17| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20200417 |
    2021-05-14| RX| Complete rejection|Effective date: 20210402 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201762543338P| true| 2017-08-09|2017-08-09|
    US62543338|2017-08-09|
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