• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an axle box (1) for a railway vehicle, comprising a housing (2) provided with a through bore extending along a median axis, a bearing unit (4) received in said bore, and a back cover. The rear cover (3) and the housing (2) are secured together by specially manufactured shapes (13; 15) so as to minimize the loose parts.
    公开号:FR3066744A1
    申请号:FR1854050
    申请日:2018-05-15
    公开日:2018-11-30
    发明作者:Francois Champalou；Thierry Le Moigne
    申请人:SKF AB；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    AXLE BOX FOR A RAIL VEHICLE
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to an axle box for a railway vehicle, in particular to the assembly of a rear cover on an axle box.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    As is known, the axle boxes are mounted on railway vehicles such as trains, in particular locomotives, passenger wagons, and freight wagons. Generally, a rail vehicle has several bogies. Each bogie includes a chassis, two (or more than two) sets of wheels, and four (or more than four) axle boxes. Each wheel set includes an axle supporting two wheels. The axle box is the connecting element between the rotating wheel set and the almost static frame of the bogie. The axle box includes supports for offset coil springs, and a housing accommodating a bearing unit. The bearing unit is generally held in the housing by a rear cover on the wheel side end, an axle passing through said rear cover and being rotatably supported by said bearing unit. Generally, the rear cover is securely attached to the housing by four studs screwed into threaded holes in the housing, then locked by washers and nuts. Studs are used rather than screws due to the reduced axial space near a wheel.
    However, studs are much more expensive than screws. Another disadvantage is that the studs must be screwed into the housing before the rear cover is assembled, which adds a preliminary step to the assembly process. In addition, each axle box includes four sets of locking means, each set having three parts: the stud, the washer, and the nut. This involves a large number of spare parts on the assembly line of the axle box manufacturer and for maintenance monitoring and inventory management.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    The object of the invention is to solve these drawbacks by proposing an axle box for a railway vehicle which is economical and easy to manufacture and assemble, with a reduced number of parts. To this end, the invention relates to an axle box for a railway vehicle, comprising a housing provided with a through bore extending along a median axis, and a bearing unit housed in said bore. Said axle box further comprises a rear cover having a cylindrical part extending in the housing bore along said central axis and axially blocking said bearing unit, and an annular flange extending radially outwards from said cylindrical part and resting against a rear surface of said housing.
    According to the invention, the annular flange of the rear cover further comprises a plurality of recesses on its outer circumference. Said rear surface of the housing comprises a plurality of projecting parts which extend axially from said rear surface, said projecting parts having a shape corresponding to that of said recesses in the rear cover. Said projecting parts each comprise an internal groove at the base between the rear surface of the housing and the internal radial side of the projection, in the form of an arc of a circle centered on the median axis, with an internal diameter equal to or slightly greater than the outer diameter of the rear cover radial flange, and receiving flange parts of the rear cover. First anti-rotation means are provided on the rear cover flange and on the housing to prevent relative rotation between said rear cover and the housing in a direction of rotation, and second anti-rotation means are provided on the flange of the rear cover and on the housing to prevent relative rotation between said rear cover and the housing in the opposite direction of rotation.
    Thanks to the invention, the rear cover can be easily positioned on the rear surface of the housing. The projections of the housing and the recesses of the rear cover have a concordant shape and cooperate together, said protruding portions being arranged inside said recesses to ensure the position of the rear cover relative to the box.
    The annular grooves of the projections and the flange of the rear cover have a substantially equal diameter. The rear cover should only be rotated from its initial position in a direction of rotation so as to engage with the housing. More specifically, the flange is rotated so that parts thereof are arranged inside annular grooves of projecting parts of the housing. This step is easy to perform by an operator.
    The rear cover is held axially in said grooves of projecting parts of the housing. In addition, first and second anti-rotation means prevent any rotation of the rear cover relative to the housing. Said projections of the housing and the anti-rotation means perform the functions of the studs, washers and nuts generally used to securely fix a rear cover to a housing.
    According to other aspects of the invention which are advantageous but not compulsory, such an axle box can incorporate one or more of the following elements in any technically permissible combination: - The rear cover comprises four recesses, and the rear surface of the housing includes four corresponding projections. - The recesses in the rear cover and the projections on the housing are evenly spaced around the circumference. - The rear cover flange comprises at least one opening provided to cooperate with an external tool for the assembly of said rear cover with the housing. - The flange parts of the rear cover which are arranged in annular grooves of protruding parts of the housing each include an inclined surface so that the axial thickness of said flange at these parts decreases in the direction of rotation in order to inserting the flange parts inside said grooves. Said annular grooves also each include an inner inclined surface of the same shape, such that an axial dimension of said groove decreases in said direction of rotation, and cooperates with a corresponding inclined surface of the flange part. Said cooperating inclined surfaces of the flange parts of the rear cover and of the annular grooves of projections of the housing form the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of the insertion of said flange parts inside said annular grooves. - The flange of the rear cover comprises at least one stop which projects axially from said flange and which is designed to come into abutment against a projection of the rear surface of the housing when the flange parts are arranged in the annular grooves of said projections. Said stopper of the rear cover and the projection of the housing form, by cooperation, the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts inside said annular grooves. - The rear surface of the housing comprises at least one hole in which is fixed a pin or a screw, said pin or screw comprising a head which projects axially from said rear surface inside a recess of the flange of the rear cover , said head abutting against a radial edge of said recess. - Each recess of the flange of the rear cover is defined between two radial edges, said pin or screw head being in abutment against the radial edge oriented in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of the flange parts inside the annular grooves. Said pin or screw of the housing and the recess of the flange of the rear cover form, by cooperation, the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts inside said annular grooves. - Each recess of the flange of the rear cover is defined between two radial edges, said pin or screw head being in abutment against the radial edge oriented in the direction of rotation of insertion of the flange parts inside the annular grooves . Said pin or screw of the housing and the recess of the flange of the rear cover form, by cooperation, the second anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of said flange parts inside said annular grooves.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be explained in correspondence with the appended figures, as illustrative examples, without limiting the subject of the invention. In the attached figures: - Figure 1 is a front view of a housing of an axle box according to the invention; - Figure 2 is a perspective view of said housing; - Figure 3 is a perspective view of a rear cover of an axle box according to the invention; - Figure 4 is a top view of said rear cover; - Figure 5 is a front view of said axle box after positioning the rear cover; - Figure 6 is a front view of said axle box after the rotation of the rear cover; - Figure 7 is a front view of said axle box after locking with the rear cover; - Figure 8 is a perspective view of said axle box after locking with the rear cover; - Figure 9 is a couple view along line I-I of Figure 7; - Figure 10 is a detail view of Figure 9; - Figure 11 is a front view of an axle box according to an alternative embodiment of the invention; and - Figure 12 is a front view of an axle box according to another embodiment of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS
    Figures 1 to 10 show an axle box 1 and parts of said axle box, here a housing 2, a rear cover 3 and a bearing unit 4, according to a first embodiment of the invention. The axle box is particularly useful for rail vehicles such as locomotives, passenger cars and freight cars.
    In this embodiment and the following embodiments, we also define the terms "front" and "rear" relative to the position of the axle box relative to the bogie on rails, a front part being positioned on one end axial of the axle box towards the outside of the rail bogie, and a rear part being positioned on an axial end of the axle box towards the inside of the rail bogie, which corresponds to the side of the wheel.
    The housing 2 is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The housing 2 comprises a central through bore 5 defining an axial passage for an axle (not shown). The housing 2 comprises supports on spring 6, 7 designed to receive suspension means, such as helical springs (not shown), to support the bogie frame not shown. The housing 2 comprises a front surface 11 on an axial side towards the outside of the bogie on rails and a rear surface 12 towards the wheels.
    According to the invention, the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 comprises four projecting parts 13 which extend axially from said rear surface 12. The projecting parts 13 are positioned close to the bore 5 of the housing 2. The projections 13 are distributed uniformly around the circumference. In the present embodiment, the protrusions 13 each extend along a circumferential extension of 30 °.
    Alternatively, more or less protrusions may be provided on the rear surface of the housing, with different circumferential extensions, and protrusions may be distributed circumferentially on the rear surface in a non-uniform manner.
    The protrusions 13 each include an inner groove 14 at the base between the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 and the inner radial side of the projection 13. The grooves 14 have an arc shape and are all centered on the center line of the bore. The bearing unit 4 is mounted in the central bore 5 of the housing 2. The bearing unit 4 is of the standard type. As an example not shown, the bearing unit 4 can be a cylindrical roller bearing unit or a tapered bearing unit with a stationary outer ring adjusted by tight fit in the bore 5 of the housing 2, an inner ring rotary adjusted by press fit on an outer cylindrical surface of an axial end of the axle, and rollers arranged radially between said outer and inner rings.
    The rear cover 3 is illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4. The rear cover 3 comprises an internal bore defining an axial passage for an axle (not shown) intended to be rotatably supported by said bearing unit 4. The rear cover 3 comprises an annular cylindrical part 8 mounted in the bore 5 of the housing 2. The annular cylindrical part 8 abuts axially against a rear end of the bearing unit 4 so as to axially lock said unit in an axial direction. The annular cylindrical part 8 comprises an annular groove 10 on its outer cylindrical surface, said groove being designed to receive an annular seal, said seal being compressed against the bore 5 of the housing 2 to seal the bearing unit 4 The annular cylindrical part 8 is extended radially outwards by an annular radial flange 9.
    According to another aspect of the invention, the annular flange 9 of the rear cover 3 comprises four recesses 15 on its outer circumference. The recesses 15 are evenly spaced around the circumference. The flange 9 and the rear surface 12 each include the same number of recesses 15 and projecting parts 13, respectively. In addition, the recesses 15 and the projections 13 have corresponding shapes. As will be explained in more detail below, said recesses 15 of the rear cover 3 and the projecting parts 13 of the housing 2 are provided to cooperate together during the assembly process of the axle box 1.
    The recesses 15 are each defined between two radial edges 15a, 15b at the two circumferential ends of the recess 15, and an axial edge 15c extending between said radial edges 15a, 15b.
    The flange 9 of the rear cover 3 comprises a plurality of openings 30 provided for cooperating with an external tool for the purpose of assembling said rear cover 3 with the housing 2.
    The annular flange 9 of the rear cover 8 has an outside diameter equal to or slightly less than the inside diameter of the inside grooves 14 of the projections 13 of the housing 2.
    As illustrated in FIG. 5, the bearing unit 4 is adjusted in the bore 5 of the housing 2. Then, a first step of assembling the rear cover 3 with the housing 2 consists in positioning axially and indexing said cover rear 3 on the housing 2. More precisely, the cylindrical part 8 of the rear cover is adjusted in the bore 5 of the housing 2, the projecting parts 13 of the housing 2 are each adjusted in a corresponding recess 15 in the flange 9 of the rear cover 3, and the internal surface of the flange 9 presses axially against the rear surface 12 of the housing 2.
    As illustrated in FIG. 6, a second stage of the assembly process consists in applying a rotation to the rear cover 3 around a median axis relative to the housing 2. During the rotation of the rear cover 3, parts 16 of the flange 19 are fitted into internal grooves 14 of projecting parts 13 of the housing 2. In the present embodiment with the given dimensions, the rotation is fixed at approximately 30 ° to fix the rear cover 3 in its mounted position relative to the housing 2 Advantageously, a torque is applied to fix the rear cover 3 in rotation by an external tool cooperating with openings 30.
    As illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the housing 2, the rear cover 3 and the bearing unit 4 are assembled so that parts 16 of the flange 9 of the rear cover 3 are arranged inside grooves 14 provided on the projecting parts 13 of the housing 2, said bearing unit 4 being adjusted in the bore 5 of the housing 2 and being locked in an axial direction by the cylindrical part 8 of the rear cover 3.
    The parts 16 of the flange 9 are locked axially between the rear surface 12 and internal edges of grooves provided on the projections 13. The rear cover 3 is then held axially with the housing 2.
    As will be explained in more detail below, the rear cover 3 cannot rotate relative to the housing 2 due to anti-rotation means.
    According to an embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10, parts 16 which are arranged in grooves 14 each include an inclined surface 17. The axial thickness of the flange 9 at these parts 16 decreases from a value L1 to a lower value L2 in the direction of rotation for the insertion of the flange parts 16 inside said grooves 14. The flange parts which are included circumferentially between a recess 15 and a blocked part 16 preferably have a constant radial thickness equal to L1.
    The grooves 14 also each include an inner inclined surface 18 having the same shape as the inclined surface 17 of a flange portion 16 fitted in a groove 14. The axial dimension of said groove 14 decreases from the value L1 to the value lower L2 in said direction of rotation. The internal inclined surfaces 18 of the grooves 14 each cooperate with a corresponding inclined surface 17 of the flange part 16. Said cooperating inclined surfaces 17, 18 of the flange parts 16 of the rear cover 3 and of the grooves 14 of the projections 13 of the housing 2 form first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts 16 inside said grooves 14. Advantageously, a large torque can be applied to the rear cover 3 so as to create interference between the inclined surfaces 17, 18 so as to block them from rotating to one another.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 11, the flange 9 of the rear cover 3 comprises four stops 19 which protrude axially from said flange 9. In the present embodiment, the stops 19 are cylindrical but may have any other appropriate form. The stops 19 each abut against a projection 13 of the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 when the flange parts 16 are disposed in the grooves 14 of said projections 13. Said stops 19 of the rear cover and the projections 13 of housing 2 form, by cooperation, an alternative embodiment of first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts 16 inside said grooves 14. As a variant, the flange 9 of the rear cover 3 may include a, two or three projecting stops. Such stops can advantageously replace the inclined shape of the flange parts and the cooperating annular grooves.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention illustrated in Figure 12, the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 further comprises a threaded hole in which is screwed a screw 22. The screw 22 comprises a head which projects axially from said rear surface 12 inside a recess 15 of the flange 9 of the rear cover 3. The screw head abuts against the radial edge 15a of said recess 15. The radial edge 15a is oriented in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of the flange parts 16 inside the grooves 14. Said screw 22 of the housing 2 and the recess 15 of the flange 9 of the rear cover 3 form, by cooperation, an alternative embodiment of the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts 16 inside said grooves 14. As a variant, the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 comprises a plurality of screws which each cooperate with a radial edge 15a of my to form first anti-rotation means in said direction of rotation. Such screws can advantageously replace the inclined shape of the flange parts and the cooperating annular grooves.
    According to another aspect of the present invention, the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 further comprises a threaded hole 20 inside which is screwed a screw 21. The screw 21 comprises a head which projects axially from said rear surface 12 to inside a recess 15 of the flange 9 of the rear cover 3. The screw head abuts against the radial edge 15b of said recess 15. Said radial edge 15b is oriented in the direction of rotation of insertion of the flange parts 16 inside the grooves 14. Said screw 21 of the housing 2 and the recess 15 of the flange 9 of the rear cover 3 form, by cooperation, second anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of said flange parts 16 inside said grooves 14. In the present embodiment, the housing 2 only comprises a screw 21 as a second anti-rotation means but can comprise several screws each cooperating with a radiating edge al 15b.
    In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 12, the screws 22 and 21 as first and second anti-rotation means extend axially in the same recess 15 in the rear cover 3. As a variant, said screws can be extend into different recesses 15 of the rear cover 3.
    Thanks to the first and second anti-rotation means, the rear cover 3 cannot rotate relative to the housing 2.
    Thanks to the invention, the rear cover 4 is fixed securely to the rear surface 12 of the housing 2 only by specially manufactured forms of said rear cover and the housing. In the most optimized configuration, only one spare part, in this case the screw 21, must be used for the final locking of the rear cover 3 to the housing 2.
    Alternatively, the screws 21, 22 can be replaced by pins fitted into holes in the rear surface 12 of the housing 2, said pins having an outer part (or head) which projects axially from said rear surface 12. According to one embodiment embodiment, a pin can be moved axially in the hole of the rear surface, a spring supporting said pin in the hole.
    According to embodiments not shown, the axle box 1 may further comprise well-known additional parts, such as sealing means, an end cap screwed onto an axial end of the axle, a ring support axially interposed between an axle stage and the bearing unit, and a front cover fixed to a front surface of the housing.
    Representative and nonlimiting examples of the present invention have been described above in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. This detailed description is intended purely to teach a person skilled in the art additional details for implementing preferred aspects of the present teachings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, each of the additional elements and lessons disclosed above can be used separately or in conjunction with other elements and lessons to provide improved axle boxes.
    Additionally, the various elements of the representative examples described above, as well as the various independent and dependent claims below, can be combined in ways which are not specifically and explicitly stated herein in order to provide useful additional embodiments of the present teachings.
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. axle box (1) for a rail vehicle, comprising: - a housing (2) provided with a through bore (5) extending along a median axis, - a bearing unit (4) received in said bore (5), and - a rear cover (3) having a cylindrical part (8) extending in the bore (5) of the housing (2) along said median axis and axially blocking said bearing unit (4), and an annular flange (9) extending radially outward from said cylindrical part (8) and resting against a rear surface (12) of said housing (2), characterized in that: - the annular flange (9) of the rear cover (3) comprises a plurality of recesses (15) on its outer circumference, - said rear surface (12) of the housing (2) comprises a plurality of protrusions (13) which extend axially from said rear surface (12), said protrusions (13) having a shape corresponding to that of said recesses (15) d u rear cover (3), - an internal groove (14) is provided at the base between the rear surface (12) of the housing (2) and an internal side of each of the projections (13), in the form of an arc of circle centered on the median axis, of internal diameter equal to or slightly greater than the external diameter of the radial flange (9) of the rear cover (3), and receiving flange parts (16) of the rear cover (3), - first anti-rotation means (13; 15a; 17, 18; 19; 22) are provided on the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) and on the housing (2) to prevent relative rotation between said rear cover (3) and the housing (2) in a direction of rotation, and - second anti-rotation means (15b; 21) are provided on the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) and on the housing (2) to prevent relative rotation between said rear cover (3) and said housing (2 ) in the opposite direction of rotation.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. An axle box according to claim 1, wherein the recesses (15) of the rear cover (3) and the protrusions (13) of the housing (2) are spaced uniformly around the circumference.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Axle box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) comprises at least one opening (30) provided to cooperate with an external tool for the assembly of said rear cover (3) with the housing (2).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Axle box according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the rear surface (12) of the housing (2) comprises at least one hole (20) in which is fixed a pin or a screw (21; 22) , said pin or screw (21; 22) comprising a head which projects axially from said rear surface (12) inside a recess (15) of the flange (9) of the rear cover (3), said head abutting against a radial edge (15a; 15b) of said recess (15).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Axle box according to claim 4, wherein each recess (15) of the flange (7) of the rear cover (3) is defined between two radial edges (15a, 15b), and said pin or screw head (21) is in abutment against the radial edge (15b) oriented in the direction of rotation of insertion of the flange parts (16) inside the annular grooves (14), said pin or screw (21) of the housing ( 2) and the recess (15) of the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) forming, by cooperation, the second anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of said flange parts (16) to the inside said annular grooves (14).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Axle box according to any one of claims 4 or 5, wherein each recess (15) of the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) is defined between two radial edges (15a; 15b), and said pin or screw head (22) is in abutment against the radial edge (15a) oriented in the direction of rotation opposite to the insertion of the flange parts (16) inside the annular grooves (14), said pin or screw (22) of the housing (2) and the recess (15) of the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) forming, by cooperation, the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said parts of flange (16) inside said annular grooves (14).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Axle box according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which: - the flange parts (16) of the rear cover (3) which are arranged in annular grooves (14) of projecting parts (13) of the housing (2) each comprise an inclined surface (17) such that the axial thickness of said flange (9) at these parts (16) decreases in the direction of rotation for the insertion of the parts of flange (16) inside said grooves (14), and - said annular grooves (14) also each include an inner inclined surface (18) of the same shape, such that an axial dimension of said groove (14) decreases in said direction of rotation, and cooperates with a corresponding inclined surface (17) of the flange part (16), - said cooperating inclined surfaces (17, 18) of the flange parts (16) of the rear cover (3) and grooves annulars (14) of projections (13) of the housing (2) form the first anti-rotat means ion in the direction of rotation of the insertion of said flange parts (16) inside said annular grooves (14).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. An axle box according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the flange (9) of the rear cover (3) comprises at least one stop (19) which projects axially from said flange (9) and which is intended to abut against a projection (13) of the rear surface (12) of the housing (3) when the flange parts (16) are arranged in the annular grooves (14) of said projections (13), said stop ( 19) of the rear cover (3) and the projection (13) of the housing (2) forming, by cooperation, the first anti-rotation means in the direction of rotation of insertion of said flange parts (16) inside said annular grooves (14).
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN108928364A|2018-12-04|
    US20180339717A1|2018-11-29|
    US10752266B2|2020-08-25|
    DE102017208701A1|2018-11-29|
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    EP2876020B1|2013-11-26|2020-01-22|Aktiebolaget SKF|Backing device, axlebox, vehicle and methods for mounting and dismounting such a backing device|
    US9789887B2|2015-05-11|2017-10-17|Aktiebolaget Skf|Backing ring assembly for railcar axle bearings|
    FR3060504B1|2016-12-16|2022-01-07|Skf Ab|AXLE BOX FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE BOGIE AND RAILWAY BOGIE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH AN AXLE BOX|
    DE102017208701A1|2017-05-23|2018-11-29|Aktiebolaget Skf|Axle bearing for a rail vehicle|
    FR3078673B1|2018-03-06|2020-02-14|Aktiebolaget Skf|BEARING BOX, AND BOGIE COMPRISING SUCH A BOX FOR RAIL VEHICLE|FR3060504B1|2016-12-16|2022-01-07|Skf Ab|AXLE BOX FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE BOGIE AND RAILWAY BOGIE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH AN AXLE BOX|
    DE102017208701A1|2017-05-23|2018-11-29|Aktiebolaget Skf|Axle bearing for a rail vehicle|
    法律状态:
    2019-05-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2020-05-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-06-11| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20210611 |
    2022-02-11| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20220105 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102017208701.3A|DE102017208701A1|2017-05-23|2017-05-23|Axle bearing for a rail vehicle|
    DE102017208701.3|2017-05-23|
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