METHOD OF DETERMINING WEAR IN A BEARING SURFACE

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a method for determining a degree of wear in a spherical working surface of a bearing ring of a smooth ball joint. The method comprises the steps of: - forming a reference groove (15) of a predetermined depth in the work surface when the work surface is in an unworn state; - after a period in use, use the reference groove and axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring as reference surfaces for centering and aligning a measuring tool, a tool comprising: • a first surface (23) designed to face the spherical working surface of the bearing ring, and a protuberance (22) extending from the first surface in the radial direction and is adapted to be housed in the reference groove (15); First and second clamping sections (24, 25) engaging the axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring; At least two radial openings which extend from a second surface (26) of the tool and pass through it to the first surface (23), and which are spaced axially from the protuberance (22); and • a depth gauge (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d) associated with each of the at least two radial openings for measuring a radial distance; determining the degree of wear by measuring the radial distance with respect to the spherical working surface through each of the radial openings and comparing the measured value with a reference value measured with the aid of the tool for a surface area; unfused work comprising a reference groove of the same predetermined depth.
公开号:FR3066562A1
申请号:FR1853646
申请日:2018-04-26
公开日:2018-11-23
发明作者:Camille Dayot；Arnaud Turmeau
申请人:SKF Aerospace France SAS；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The process includes the following steps:
- forming a reference groove (15) of a predetermined depth in the working surface, when the working surface is in an unworn state;
- after a period of operation, use the reference groove and axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring as reference surfaces for centering and aligning a measuring tool, said tool with the following:
a first surface (23) adapted to face the spherical working surface of the bearing ring, and a protrusion (22) which extends from the first surface in the radial direction and is designed to be accommodated in the reference groove (15);
first and second clamping sections (24, 25) which engage the axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring;
at least two radial openings which extend from and pass through a second surface (26) of the tool to the first surface (23), and which are axially spaced from the protuberance (22); and a depth gauge (27a, 27b, 27c, 27dj associated with each of the at least two radial openings to measure a radial distance;
- determine the degree of wear by measuring the radial distance from the spherical working surface through each of the radial openings and comparing the measured value with a reference value measured using the tool for a surface of unworn work including a reference groove of the same predetermined depth.

201600139
Method for determining wear in a bearing surface
The present invention relates to the measurement of wear in a working surface of a smooth ball joint, in order to determine if the bearing can be reconditioned or if a replacement is necessary.
Technical background
A device for measuring the wear of connecting rod end bearings is disclosed in document US 3845735. An indication pin is installed in a through hole extending radially in the outer ring, so that one end of the pin is in contact with the spherical outer surface (work surface) at an axially central location of the inner ring, while the other end of the pin projects from the through hole to a known extent when the bearing is in an unused condition. After a certain period in service, wear is measured by compressing the bearing and manually pressing the pin until it comes into contact with the working surface of the inner ring. A reduction in the extent to which the pin projects indicates wear.
This solution has the disadvantage that it is necessary to machine a cavity through the outer ring, which compromises its structural integrity. In addition, wear can only be detected at one location on the work surface. Depending on the application load, the work surface may not experience a uniform degree of wear along an axial profile of the surface.
An example of a plain bearing comprising visual wear indication elements is disclosed in document GB 2421769. The plain bearing is a bearing the outer surface of which is provided with shallow recesses having a radial depth, an axial width and a circumferential length closely controlled. During a maintenance inspection, after a period of service during which wear has had i
201600139 place, the visual aspect of the pattern of worn out recesses is compared with a table which interprets the pattern and the extent of wear.
In applications where an unacceptable level of wear is measured at the micrometer scale, a visual comparison against a table may not provide a reliable indication of the extent of wear.
Improvements can still be made.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a method for determining a degree of wear in a working surface of a bearing ring of a smooth ball joint by means of a specially designed tool. The method includes a step of forming a reference groove in the work surface. The reference groove and axial end faces of the bearing ring are then used as reference surfaces for centering and aligning the tool, which has the following elements:
a first surface designed to face the working surface of the bearing ring, and a protrusion which extends from the first surface in the radial direction and is designed to be able to be housed in the reference groove;
first and second clamping sections which engage opposite axial end faces of the bearing ring;
at least two radial openings which extend from a second surface of the tool and pass through it to the first surface, and which are axially spaced from the protrusion; and a depth gauge associated with at least one of the at least two radial openings to measure a radial distance.
Wear is determined using the tool to measure the radial distance from the work surface through each of the openings
201600139 radial and comparing the measured value with a measured reference value for a work surface in an unused condition.
The method and tool of the invention thus make it possible to measure the wear of the work surface in a simple manner at a plurality of axially spaced locations. In a preferred example, the measurement tool has four additional radial openings. In addition, the tool can easily be moved to different angular locations on the bearing ring.
In a first embodiment, the bearing ring is an inner ring of a smooth ball joint, which has a spherically convex working surface. Suitably, the first surface of the tool then has a concave curvature of complementary shape. In a second embodiment, the bearing ring is an outer ring of a smooth ball joint, which has a spherically concave working surface. Suitably, the first surface of the tool then has a convex curvature of complementary shape.
The tool can include any type of gauge that is suitable for measuring the depth of a blind hole. In one example, the gauge associated with each radial opening is a micrometric screw gauge with a rod that is inserted through each radial opening and adjusted until it comes into contact with the work surface. In other examples, a dial gauge or laser depth gauge is used. The tool may include a depth gauge for each of the radial openings, or may include a single depth gauge that can be moved axially. In one embodiment, the tool body includes an oblong hole in which a laser depth gauge is arranged, the position of which can be adjusted axially.
In one embodiment, the bearing ring is designed to
201600139 grease or oil lubrication and includes an annular lubrication groove formed at an axially central location on the spherical work surface. The lubrication groove is then used as a reference groove for centering and aligning the measuring tool. Therefore, no further modification of the bearing ring is necessary for the implementation of the invention.
Such smooth ball joints with an annular lubrication groove are called metal-metal bearings, the rings being formed, for example. of steel, titanium, bronze, a cobalt alloy or a nickel chromium alloy and which may be provided with a surface coating composed, for example. titanium nitride, chromium nitride or tungsten carbide.
In another embodiment, the ring is part of a self-lubricating bearing. For example, the outer ring of the smooth ball joint can be provided with a seal on its working surface. The packing may include PTFE fibers bonded in resin to a support material. Preferably, the packing can be machined, so that a reference groove can be machined in the surface of the packing.
Suitably, the reference groove has a depth with respect to the spherical surface which is greater than a maximum admissible degree of wear.
The reference groove can be a continuous circumferential groove. Alternatively, the spherical work surface may be provided with a plurality of circumferentially spaced reference grooves. Suitably, the circumferentially spaced grooves are formed at an axially central location.
In bearings in which the reference groove (s) and the spherical working surface are manufactured with strict tolerances, the measuring tool can be calibrated against a reference bearing ring
201600139 and then used to determine a degree of wear on a bearing ring of the same type. Alternatively, the tool can be calibrated with respect to a reference groove formed in a section of the working surface which, during use of the bearing, is located outside of a bearing area subject to loads and is therefore not likely to wear out.
A simple method and tool is thus obtained for measuring the wear of the inner and outer rings of a smooth ball joint. Other advantages of the invention will become apparent on examination of the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.
Brief description of the drawings
Figures 1a, 1b respectively show a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of an inner ring of a smooth ball joint and of a tool for measuring the wear of the working surface of the inner ring;
FIGS. 2a, 2b respectively represent a perspective view and a cross-sectional view of a two-point shackle comprising first and second orifices, each of them serving as the outer ring of a smooth ball joint, and of a tool to measure the wear of the working surface of the outer ring.
detailed description
Figures 1a and 1b illustrate an example of an inner ring 10 of a smooth ball joint. During use of the bearing, a spherically convex surface 12 of the inner ring is in sliding contact with a spherically concave surface of an outer ring. The spherical contact surfaces allow the inner ring to rotate freely with multiple degrees of freedom while it is positioned inside the outer ring of the bearing. This multiple movement capability allows the bearing to self-align so that it automatically adjusts to
201600139 any misalignment that may occur under the conditions of the application. One application in which smooth ball joints are used is the suspension of an aircraft engine from a mast structure attached to an aircraft wing. The motor can be installed on the strut by means of one or more shackles, as illustrated in FIGS. 2a and 2b, which will be described in more detail below.
In aerospace applications, where safety is of paramount concern, essential components such as plain bearings are subject to regular maintenance inspections. The bearing rings in general undergo small alternating relative angular displacements, which lead to wear of the working surfaces of the rings which are in sliding contact with each other. Wear increases the functional play within the bearing, which reduces the bearing life when the play becomes excessive.
Measuring wear is therefore important and the present invention provides a simple method and tool for performing the measurement.
Returning to Figures 1a and 1b, the working surface of the inner ring 10 of the bearing is the spherically convex outer surface 12. In the example illustrated, the bearing is designed for lubrication by oil or grease and the surface of 12 of the inner ring is provided with an annular groove 15 for the distribution of the lubricant. In the method of the invention, a recessed surface 15s of the groove serves as a reference surface for characterizing a surface profile of the working surface 12 by means of a tool 20, which has a protuberance 22 designed to be able to be lodge in the groove. Suitably, the recessed surface 15s has a predefined depth which is greater than a degree of wear that the bearing ring could undergo during its useful life.
The protrusion 22 extends in a direction going radially towards
201600139 the interior, relative to an axis 13 of the ring, from a first surface 23 of the tool, which fits on the working surface 12 of the inner ring 10. Preferably, the first surface 23 has a concave geometry which is essentially complementary to the convex geometry of the working surface 12. The first surface 23 of the tool is delimited axially by first and second clamping sections 24, 25 which are designed to be placed resting against first and second end faces 16, 17 of the inner ring 10. In use, the tool 20 is thus centered on the annular groove 15 and aligned with the end faces of the inner ring of the landing.
The tool further includes a number of axially spaced through holes which extend in the radial direction from a second surface 26 of the tool to the first surface 23. In each through hole is a depth gauge 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d. Any type of analog or digital depth gauge can be used. In the example of Figures 1a and 1b, the gauge pins illustrated are intended to represent the threaded rod of a micrometer screw gauge. Each gauge can be provided with a graduated scale 28, as illustrated for the gauge 27d in FIG. 1b, to measure the amount of radial displacement of the rod until it comes into contact with the working surface 12. The scale is calibrated against the situation in which the gauge rod is in contact with the unworn work surface of an identical reference bearing.
Suppose that, for a bearing ring of the type illustrated in FIGS. 1a and 1b, a maximum degree of wear permissible at any location on the working surface 12 is 200 μm and that the mark indicated with the number of reference 29 in FIG. 1b represents this radial distance from the second surface 26 of the tool. After a certain period of service, the bearing ring 10 is disassembled and subjected to a maintenance inspection. The tool 20 is fitted on the inner ring 10 so that the protrusion 22 is located on the surface 15s of the groove and the
201600139 clamping sections 24, 25 are placed in abutment against the end faces 16, 17 of the ring. The rod of each micrometer 27a, 27b, 27c, 27d is inserted into the respective through hole in the tool and adjusted until it comes into contact with the work surface 12. Assuming that wear has occurred, the rod will screw further than when the working surface 12 was not worn and the degree of wear can be read on the scale 28. If the measured wear is close to 200 pm, the bearing ring will be scrapped and a new bearing ring will be installed in the application. If, for example, 100 µm of additional radial displacement is measured in relation to the calibration situation, the bearing ring can be repaired.
The inventive tool allows wear to be measured in a simple manner at a number of axially spaced locations. The process can also be easily repeated at different angular positions on the work surface.
In a second embodiment, the tool is designed to measure the wear of a working surface of an outer bearing ring.
Figures 2a and 2b show views of a shackle 50, as mentioned before, which is used to connect an aircraft engine to a mast structure on an aircraft wing. Shackle 50 has upper and lower openings 51, 52, each having a spherically concave orifice 51s, 52s which serves as the outer ring of a smooth ball joint intended to receive an inner ring having a spherically convex outer surface. In order to allow installation, the inner ring is generally made in the form of an inner ring in two parts. Usually, the inner ring associated with the upper opening 51 is installed on a first hinge pin which is fixed to the mast, and the inner ring associated with the lower opening 52 is installed on a second hinge pin which is fixed to the casing. of the motor.
201600139
During use, each bearing has a zone subjected to loads which extends over an angular range of e.g. 120 degrees. Within the area subject to loads, sliding contact between the working surfaces of the bearing rings generates wear. The bearing rings in the illustrated application undergo alternative sliding oscillations over a limited angular range. Therefore, the working surface of both the inner ring and the outer ring has a section which never enters the bearing area subject to loads. Usually, the two-part inner ring is installed inside the outer ring so that the divisions are located in an area of the bearing that is not subjected to loads.
The shackle 50 is a component which is subjected to maintenance inspections, during which the wear of the spherically concave working surfaces 51s, 52s can be measured by means of a tool 120 according to the second embodiment of the invention.
The tool 120 has a first surface which faces the working surface 51s which is the subject of the measurement, and a protrusion 122 which extends from the first surface and is designed to be able to be housed in a groove of central lubrication 55 which is formed in the working surface 51s. Again, the tool has first and second clamping sections 124, 125 which are placed in abutment against axial end faces of the rod (outer bearing ring), so that the tool is centered and aligned. A main body of the tool has through holes which extend in a radial direction from a second surface 126 of the tool to the first surface. In the example illustrated, two through holes are located on each side of the protrusion 122 so as to allow the wear of the working surface 51s to be measured at four locations.
The tool is further equipped with four depth gauges 127a, 127b,
201600139
127c, 127d which are engaged in the respective through holes. As before, each gauge in this example has a rod and can be moved in the radial direction relative to an axis 53 of the bearing ring. A single depth gauge which can be moved axially can also be used.
In this example, the tool is not pre-calibrated using the unworn work surface of a reference bearing, but is calibrated using a section of the work surface that is located in the area not subjected to loads, where no wear occurs. During the maintenance inspection, the tool 120 is initially centered and aligned with the lubrication groove 55 at an angular position on the work surface 51s which is in the area not subjected to loads. The rod of each depth pin 127a, 127b, 127c, 127d is moved radially until it comes into contact with the working surface 51s. The value of the gauge can then be set to zero. The tool is then placed on a section of the working surfaces which is in the area subjected to loads and the degree of wear is measured as a function of the additional distance by which the screw gauge can be moved radially by comparison with the calibration situation in the unused state.
A number of aspects / embodiments of the invention have been described. It will be understood that each aspect / embodiment can be combined with any other aspect / embodiment. In addition, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described, and may be subject to variations falling within the scope of the attached patent claims.

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
claims
1. A method of determining a degree of wear in a spherical working surface (12, 51s, 52s) of a bearing ring of a smooth ball joint, the method comprises the following steps:
forming a reference groove (15, 55) of a predetermined depth in the work surface, when the work surface is in an unworn state;
after a period of operation, use the reference groove and axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring as reference surfaces for centering and aligning a measuring tool (20, 120), said tool comprising the following elements:
• a first surface (23) designed to face the spherical working surface of the bearing ring, and a protuberance (22, 122) which extends from the first surface in the radial direction and is designed to be able to lodge in the reference groove (15, 55);
• first and second clamping sections (24, 25; 124, 125) which engage the axial end faces (16, 17) of the bearing ring;
• at least two radial openings which extend from a second surface (26, 126) of the tool and pass through it to the first surface (23), and which are axially spaced from the protuberance; and • a depth gauge (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, 127a, 127b, 127c, 127d) associated with at least one of the at least two radial openings to measure a radial distance;
determine the degree of wear by measuring the radial distance from the spherical work surface (12, 51s, 52s) through each of the radial openings and comparing the measured value with a reference value measured using
201600139 the tool for an unworn work surface including a reference groove of the same predetermined depth.
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2. Method according to claim 1, in which the bearing ring is an inner ring (10) of a smooth ball joint having a spherically convex working surface (12), or is an outer ring (50) of a smooth ball joint having a spherically concave work surface (51s, 52s).
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference value used in the determining step is the radial distance measured through each radial opening when the tool (20, 120) is centered and aligned on a ring. Unworn reference bearing of the same type having a reference groove (15, 55) of the same predetermined depth.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reference groove (15, 55) is formed in a first section of the working surface (12, 51s, 52s) which, during the use of the bearing, is located in an area of the bearing subjected to loads, and is formed in a second section of the working surface which, during the use of the bearing, is located in an area of the bearing not subjected to loads, and in which the reference value used in the determining step is the radial distance measured through each radial opening when the tool (20, 120) is centered and aligned at a location within the second section of the surface of work.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the reference groove (15, 55) has a depth which is greater than a maximum admissible degree of wear of the work surface (12, 51s, 52s).
201600139
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
The method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the step of forming a reference groove (15, 55) comprises forming a number of circumferentially spaced reference grooves in the surface of spherical work at an axially central location.
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
The method according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of forming a reference groove (15, 55) comprises forming a continuous annular groove in the spherical work surface at an axially central location.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the reference groove further serves as a lubrication channel.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the working surface of the bearing ring is provided with a machinable lining of self-lubricating material.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. Tool (20, 120) for measuring a degree of wear of a work surface (12, 51s, 52s) of a ring (10, 50) of a smooth ball joint, the tool comprising:
- a first surface (23) designed to face the working surface of the bearing ring;
- a protuberance (22, 122) which extends in the radial direction from the first surface, said protuberance being designed to be able to be housed in a reference groove (15, 55) of a predetermined depth in the surface of job ;
- first and second clamping sections (24, 24; 124, 125) which axially delimit the first surface of the tool and which are designed to be placed in abutment against axial end faces (16, 17) opposite of the bearing ring;
- at least two through holes that extend from one
201600139 second surface (26, 126) of the tool in the radial direction to the first surface (23), said through holes being axially spaced from the protuberance (22, 122);
- a depth gauge (27a, 27b, 27c, 27d, 127a, 127b, 127c,
5 127d) associated with at least one of the through holes, for measuring a radial distance from the working surface of the bearing ring, the gauge being calibrated with respect to a reference value measured for a working surface in a state unworn including a reference groove of the same predetermined depth.
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. Tool according to claim 10, wherein the first surface (23) has a concave curvature.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
The tool according to claim 10, wherein the first surface has a convex curvature.

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法律状态:
2019-04-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2020-04-17| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20200417 |

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2020-04-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2021-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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GB1707793.4|2017-05-16|

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GB1707793.4A|GB2562489A|2017-05-16|2017-05-16|Method of determining wear in a bearing surface|

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