• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A display device (80) for testing the visual comfort and / or visual performance of an individual having a graphics display (91) controlled by a microprocessor for displaying on the graphical display an image or a film likely to be viewed by the tested individual. According to the invention, the display device further comprises an additional illumination system (100) controlled by another microprocessor or by the same microprocessor to diffuse, to the individual observing the graphic screen, a additional luminous flux (F1, F2) having predetermined energy, spectral distribution, temporal variation, spatial distribution, and / or angular distribution (s), the additional illumination system being arranged with respect to the graphic screen so as to leave visible all or part of the image or film. The invention also relates to a virtual reality headset (70) comprising such a display device.
    公开号:FR3065832A1
    申请号:FR1761022
    申请日:2017-11-21
    公开日:2018-11-02
    发明作者:Sylvain Chene；Amandine Debieuvre；Marie DUBAIL；Sarah Marie；Susana Montecelo；Anne-Catherine Scherlen；Frederic Arrouy
    申请人:Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL Simplified joint-stock company.
    Agent (s): JACOBACCI CORALIS HARLE Simplified joint-stock company.
    54) DISPLAY DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED VIRTUAL REALITY HELMET.
    FR 3 065 832 - A1 _ The invention relates to a display device (80) intended for testing the visual comfort and / or visual performance of an individual comprising a graphic screen (91) controlled by a microprocessor for displaying on the graphic screen an image or a film likely to be viewed by the individual tested.
    According to the invention, the display device further comprises an additional illumination system (100) controlled by another microprocessor or by the same microprocessor for diffusing, to the individual observing the graphic screen, a luminous flux. additional (F1, F2) having an energy, a spectral distribution, a temporal variation, a spatial distribution, and / or a predetermined angular distribution (s), the additional illumination system being arranged relative to the graphic screen in a manner to leave visible all or part of the image or film.
    The invention also relates to a virtual reality headset (70) comprising such a display device.
    91 101
    100 79 102 73

    Technical field to which the invention relates
    The present invention relates generally to the field of ophthalmic optics.
    It relates in particular to the field of prescription of a light filter for an individual wearing glasses with said filter.
    It relates more particularly to a method for determining a light filter suitable for being applied to a spectacle lens in order to improve or maintain the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of this individual.
    It also relates to a display device and a virtual reality headset adapted to the implementation of this process.
    Technological background
    Generally, an individual having to determine which is the best filter for their needs and uses makes their choice on the basis of mainly aesthetic (color or tint of the lens, frame design, ...) or financial (price of the glass receiving the filter and / or the frame intended to receive the glass).
    For a prescription for sunglasses, for example, one of the rare technical criteria also considered by the individual concerns the "class" of the lens as defined by standard NF EN ISO 12312-1. This class can range from: 0 for “clear” glass transmitting between 80 and 100% of visible light between 380 nanometers (nm) and 780 nm and 8 to 10% of ultra-violet (UV) light in the “ UVB "between 280 nm and 315 nm); to 4 for an extremely dark lens transmitting only between 3 and 8% of visible light and less than 0.3 to 0.8% of UVB light.
    However, the aesthetic and financial criteria or the class of the filter are not really relevant to allow the individual to determine the most suitable light filter to improve or maintain his visual comfort and / or his visual performance.
    Indeed, each individual, whether young or old, according to their lifestyle (indoors or outdoors, work on screen or meticulous work, etc.), according to the most frequent light conditions to which they are confronted (very bright environment, night environment, etc ...), according to his particular needs (need for protection against occasional glare, need to protect his visual acuity), etc ... experiences a sensitivity which is clean.
    In addition, the prescription of a light filter for an individual, whether it is, among other things, sun filters (for example tinted sunglasses) or else filters in the form of a specific coating on spectacle lenses (for example example an anti-reflection coating or an anti-UV treatment), is a technically difficult task for vision professionals (opticians, optometrists, etc ...).
    Indeed, this generally requires the taking of numerous measurements relating to the specific sensitivity of the wearer for which said filter is intended.
    Particularly known from patent document FR 1650383 in the name of the applicant is a method of determining a filter for an ophthalmic lens intended to be placed before the eye of a wearer, said filter being capable of improving or maintaining comfort visual and / or visual performance of said wearer.
    The method for determining document FR 1650383 comprises a step of measuring a quantity representative of a sensitivity of the wearer's eye to a characteristic light flux, and a step of determining at least one optical characteristic of said filter as a function of the representative quantity measured.
    By “characteristic luminous flux”, the document FR 1650383 means: either a “real” luminous flux to which the wearer is subjected in a given task: the characteristic luminous flux is then characteristic of the ambient light environment in which the wearer will find himself performing the visual task;
    either to an “artificial” light flux in the sense that it at least partially reproduces the light flux to which the wearer will be subjected: the characteristic light flux is then representative of at least one light source of visual discomfort or loss of performance visuals for the wearer.
    If the process of document FR 1650383 makes it possible to precisely and objectively determine the optical characteristic or characteristics of one or more filters perfectly suited to the wearer, it nevertheless requires a tedious implementation, in particular because it is necessary to generate a characteristic luminous flux capable of testing the sensitivity of the wearer's eye to light.
    Indeed, as the document FR 1650383 teaches, the complexity of determining the filter lies in the fact that this sensitivity to light of the wearer's eye is dependent both on the physical or optical characteristics of the characteristic light flux, the physiology of the wearer's visual system, and the functional impact of an annoying light flux on the wearer's visual performance or visual comfort in a given visual task.
    In addition, interpreting sensitivity measurements, particularly physiological data, to determine which is the right light filter requires considerable experience on the part of the optician.
    Object of the invention
    In order to remedy the aforementioned drawback of the state of the art, the present invention provides a method making it possible to determine which is the optimal light filter for an individual without requiring the taking of specific complex measurements relating to the sensitivity of said individual to light or a type of light.
    Another objective of the invention is to help an eye care professional to recommend a suitable light filter and to argue about its benefit and have it tested quickly.
    More particularly, according to the invention, a method of determining a light filter adapted to be applied to a spectacle lens is proposed in order to improve or maintain the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of an individual wearing said spectacles, said process comprising:
    a) a step of collecting data relating to the needs and / or uses of said individual;
    b1) a step of selecting at least one test filter on the basis of at least one predefined evaluation criterion;
    b2) a step of selecting, as a function of said data collected in step a), at least one light scene comprising:
    an image or film determined according to the needs and / or visual uses of the individual; and at least one light source generating discomfort and / or loss of visual performance for the individual not equipped with a filter;
    c) a step of placing said individual in a situation in which said light scene selected in step b2) is visually presented to said individual through said test filter selected in step b1);
    d) a step of evaluating said predefined criterion of step b1) during the scenario of step c); and
    e) a step of comparing the result of the assessment of step d) with a predetermined threshold of visual comfort and / or visual performance,
    f) a step of determining said suitable light filter according to the result of the comparison in step e).
    Thus, thanks to the invention, it is possible to determine a light filter precisely under realistic conditions for the individual.
    The invention has the advantage of putting the future wearer of the filter into a situation in a predetermined light environment with a given scenario chosen according to his needs or uses, and of offering him a realistic rendering of the test filter. that is to say to actually immerse it (in the case of a real test filter) or virtually (in the case of a simulated virtual test filter) in visual conditions identical or almost identical to those which it would experience in the reality with this test filter.
    The invention defines a set of situational stages, which makes it possible to evaluate the rendering and / or the benefit provided by the selected test filter according to one or more predetermined criteria, to assist in the prescription of the one or more optimal light filters, and differentiate them.
    The evaluation on the basis of the predefined criteria according to the needs or uses allows an adapted prescription of the right light filter for the individual.
    It offers a new service for the vision professional who can easily offer and customize light filters according to the visual sensitivity of his client.
    By data relating to the "uses" of the individual, we mean all the data concerning the uses that the individual may make of his light filter. These data relate for example to the conditions of use of the light filter:
    indoor or outdoor use; day or night use;
    occasional or prolonged use, frequency and duration of use; use for driving a vehicle or machine; use in a specific place: sea or mountain (more or less polarized light), place generally very sunny or very often covered, place where the ambient temperature is high / low, ...;
    use in combination with another particular visual device: safety glasses, magnifying glasses, ...;
    use for a specific activity or task: sport, television, reading / writing, driving, screen work, manual work, etc.
    By data relating to the “needs” of the individual, is meant all the data concerning the visual impairment or discomfort of the individual, and possibly the symptoms which are associated therewith, which the light filter sought is supposed to alleviate, such as those cited but not limited to below:
    visual discomfort;
    sensitivity to glare for a certain type of light source: more or less intense, point or extended source, direct or indirect, polarized or not, permanent or transient, diffuse or angularly selective;
    sensitivity to light under special conditions: day or night, with or without visual correction, ...;
    annoyance by a light source emitting in a given wavelength range: ultraviolet, visible, blue light between 400 nm and 460 nm, ...;
    loss in perception: contrasts, movements, depth, ...;
    problem in mono- or binocular vision, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or glaucoma;
    reduction of the central and / or peripheral attentional visual field; difficulty in recognizing shapes or objects; deterioration of visual acuity, ametropia;
    narrowing of the visual field;
    decrease in reading performance;
    visual fatigue;
    visual system reaction time, latency or pupil recovery time, pupillary response;
    poor color perception; or migraines, seizure.
    According to certain embodiments of the method of the invention, the image (or the film) and the light source can be on the same support, ie generated by the same device, for example an HDR screen (for "High Dynamic Range" in English).
    According to other embodiments, the image and the source can be on different supports, that is to say generated by two distinct light devices, for example by a conventional LCD screen (“Liquid Crystals Display”) and by a backlight unit respectively.
    Preferably, in step a), said individual is subjected to a questionnaire comprising questions relating to the needs and / or uses of the individual (see above).
    The answers to the questions in this questionnaire then constitute the data collected from step a).
    Advantageously, it is also possible to collect, in step a), measurements relating to the individual's light environment by means of at least one light sensor.
    Without limitation, by measurements relating to the luminous environment of the individual is meant any physical, in particular optical, measurement of the visual luminance perceived by the individual, of the retinal illumination, of the spectrum of ambient light , of the angular and / or spatial distribution of the light sources of the environment, ....
    Said light sensor includes any sensor sensitive to the (light) power, luminance, illuminance, spectrum or color temperature of these light sources.
    Then, in step b1), said test filter is selected on the basis of a predefined evaluation criterion, which criterion can be objective or subjective.
    Advantageously, said test filter is selected in step b1) according to said data collected in step a). This makes it possible to make a relevant preselection of the test filter.
    Preferably, said predetermined criterion is chosen from one of the following filter evaluation criteria or according to a combination of several of these criteria: visual comfort, sensitivity to glare, perception of colors, perception of contrasts , visual acuity, perception of movement, perception of depth, visual field, reading performance, visual fatigue, reaction time, detection and / or recognition of shapes, pupillary response, central and / or peripheral attentional visual field.
    An example of a combination of two of these criteria is visual acuity measured at low contrast.
    The test filter can also be chosen in step b1) according to a particular optical characteristic, for example according to one of the following parameters:
    a level of light or visual transmission for at least one wavelength or a state of polarization of the light, for a wavelength band, or for the whole visible range for example;
    a spectral response or a reflection and / or transmission spectrum on a band of given wavelength, for example in the UV (UVA and / or UVB) or visible range;
    a spatial variation of the above parameters on the surface of said lens intended to receive the light filter;
    a temporal variation of these parameters over time; or a variation in hue or absorption level depending on a UV light flux or an electrical variable (current, voltage).
    Before or after step b1), there is a second selection step b2) during which at least one light scene is generated comprising:
    an image or film determined according to the needs and / or visual uses of the individual; and at least one light source generating discomfort and / or loss of visual performance for the individual.
    Preferably, the image or film determined according to the needs and / or visual uses collected during step a) corresponds to an image or a film which is representative:
    the intended use of the light filter;
    light environments in which the wearer is likely to evolve when wearing his light filter; and / or discomfort encountered and reported by the individual.
    For example, if we collect in step a) of the process data indicating that he will wear his filter (s) when he works at night, the image or film will represent a situation at night or a situation in which the level and / or the visual luminance spectrum is low and / or shifted in blue.
    Again by way of example, if the individual reports a main use of his filter when he drives his motor vehicle, then an image or a film representing a driving situation will be provided (with for example traffic signs or lights different colors / shapes / sizes / readability, other oncoming vehicles with dipped headlights on, etc.).
    Still by way of example, if the wearer complains of discomfort related to his too great sensitivity to glare (with for example problems of high retinal recovery time or loss of visual acuity) whatever the situation or activity, we can then select a light scene in which the image will represent a particular visual test to estimate the retinal recovery time or visual acuity.
    Likewise, the light source (s) which is / are each generating discomfort and / or loss of visual performance for the individual is / are representative of the reported sources of visual disturbance in step a).
    For example, if data is collected in step a) indicating that the individual is essentially bothered at night by direct light sources, the additional light source in the light scene (comprising a representative image or film / ve d 'a night situation) will be characteristic of a direct light source (for example the headlights of a car, the light of a street lamp, ...).
    At the end of the selection steps b1) and b2) of the method of the invention, it is then provided during step c) to display the rendering or the benefit of the test filter or filters selected according to different predefined criteria devaluation.
    In other words, we visually present to the individual (ie we put under or before the eyes of the individual) said light scene selected in step b2) through said test filter selected in step b1 ).
    Preferably, in step c), said light scene selected in step b2) is displayed by a display device, and said individual actually wears said test filter or else virtually wears said test filter, said a light scene then being displayed by said display device as it would be seen by said individual if he actually wore said test filter, and said individual observes said display device.
    In other words, in a particular embodiment, in step c), said light scene selected in step b2) is displayed by a display device; and said individual physically wears said test filter to observe said display device.
    In another preferred embodiment, in step c), said light scene viewed through said test filter selected in step b1) is simulated and displayed by a display device such that said light scene would be seen by said individual if he was wearing said test filter virtually; and said individual observes said display device. In this case, the effect of the test filter is visualized indirectly via the display of the simulated and displayed visual scene.
    The purpose of step d) is for the individual wearing the test filter (actually or virtually) to assess the benefit of the test filter according to the criteria selected in step b1). It will be a question of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing visual comfort, visual performance or various specific indicators of the wearer in situation. The subject may or may not be equipped with its refraction.
    The objective is to define criteria for evaluating the filter which are either based on generic tests, or based on the type of environment or needs identified by the wearer.
    The evaluation criteria can be objective, subjective or mixed. For each of the criteria, the result of the evaluation of step d) is compared with a predetermined threshold of visual comfort and / or visual performance.
    Depending on the needs and uses, or according to the predefined evaluation criterion, in step e), the predetermined threshold of visual comfort and / or visual performance is an absolute threshold or a relative threshold determined from '' a reference filter or from the previously tested test filter, or from a situation in which the individual does not wear any filter.
    The reference filter can be a median filter in the sense that it meets the visual need of half of a representative population of individuals.
    The reference filter can also be:
    the filter usually worn by the wearer (current filter);
    the filter offering the best performance for the chosen criterion; or the latest filter launched on the market.
    The final step of determining the light filter allows you to validate or not the prescription of the filter.
    According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the test filter is retained in step f) as being said suitable light filter if the comparison of step e) shows an improvement of said criterion predefined at l 'step b1).
    According to another particular embodiment of the invention, if the comparison of step e) shows, conversely, a degradation of the predefined criterion in step b1), we resume, after step f), the determination method in step b1) by selecting another test filter, according to the same predefined criterion or else according to another predefined evaluation criterion. In this case, provision can be made in step b2) to select an identical or different light scene, for example if a new predefined evaluation criterion has been selected.
    Thus, the determination process can be an iterative process tending towards the optimal light filter for the individual according to his needs and / or uses.
    In order to implement the determination method described above, the invention also relates to a display device intended to test the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of an individual comprising a graphic screen controlled by a microprocessor to display, on said graphic screen, an image or a film capable of being viewed by said tested individual.
    According to the invention, said display device further comprises an additional illumination system controlled by another microprocessor or by the same microprocessor for diffusing, to said individual observing said graphic screen, an additional luminous flux having an energy , a spectral distribution, a temporal variation, a spatial distribution, and / or a predetermined angular distribution (s), said additional illumination system being arranged with respect to said graphic screen so as to leave visible all or part of said image or said movie.
    The display device is particularly suitable for implementing certain embodiments of the aforementioned determination method.
    Preferably, said display device observed by the individual comprises an augmented reality system, a virtual reality system, an image projection system, or else a graphic screen combined with an additional illumination system.
    In a particularly advantageous embodiment, said additional illumination system of the display device according to the invention is suitable for diffusing an additional light flux making it possible, in combination with said graphic screen, to achieve a visual luminance adapted to create a visual discomfort for the individual, in particular discomfort due to glare.
    Preferably, the visual luminance reached, thanks to the addition of the light scene diffused by the graphic screen and to the additional luminous flux diffused by the additional illumination system, is greater than or equal to 1000 candelas per square meter (cd / m 2 ), better greater than or equal to one of the following values: 1500, 2000, 3000 cd / m 2 , even better greater than or equal to 4000 cd / m 2 .
    In one embodiment, the additional light system alone leads to a visual luminance in the range from 1000 cd / m 2 to 20,000 cd / m 2 , preferably from 2000 cd / m 2 to 20,000 cd / m 2 , and better from 3000 cd / m 2 to 20000 cd / m 2 .
    More preferably, the visual luminance reached thanks to the additional illumination system is that obtained thanks to an extended and substantially planar light source which has a luminous surface capable of reaching an illumination greater than or equal to 10,000 lux.
    In general, it is difficult to find graphic screens of reasonable price and size which display a visual luminance greater than 900 cd / m 2 , the standard visual luminance being of the order of 300 to 500 cd / m 2 .
    Thus, thanks to the display device of the invention, it is possible to associate a graphic screen intended to display the image of the visual scene of the process and an additional illumination system making it possible to achieve, in combination with the 'graphic screen or preferably alone, very high visual luminance levels, in any case sufficiently high to generate glare conditions in a standard individual.
    It is a question of making it possible to simulate to an individual thanks to the display device a luminous environment in the most realistic way possible.
    Current display devices do not correctly simulate very high light fluxes, due to the limited brightness of their graphic screen.
    It is therefore not possible to show the individual realistically the effects of a filter, nor to precisely determine its sensitivity to a high level of light.
    The additional illumination system of the display device may include at least one light source comprising light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optical fibers, or organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
    Provision may also be made for the display device to include means for fixing the additional illumination system to the graphic screen, for example clipping means.
    Preferably, the additional illumination system reveals all or part of the information (image, film, etc.) displayed on the graphic screen of the display device.
    Other non-limiting and advantageous characteristics of the display device according to the invention are as follows:
    said additional illumination system comprises light-emitting diodes and an active or passive diffusing film interposed between the eyes of said individual and said graphic screen, said diffusing film being adapted to backscatter the light flux emitted by said light-emitting diodes;
    said additional illumination system comprises a light panel placed in front of said graphic screen, and a diffuser, active or passive, in transmission interposed between said light panel and the eyes of said individual;
    said illumination system comprises at least one light emitting diode and a semi-reflecting mirror interposed between the eyes of said individual and said graphic screen to reflect the light flux emitted by said light emitting diode towards the eyes of the individual.
    said display device comprises at least two light sensors adapted to deliver a signal representative of the level of illumination at the level of the two eyes of said individual, and in which the average level of luminance of said image or of said film and / or of said flux additional light is controlled according to this representative signal.
    The invention finally proposes a virtual reality headset intended to be worn by an individual comprising:
    a display device as defined above;
    means for holding this display device before the eyes of said individual; and means for isolating said individual from ambient light.
    Preferably, said headset microprocessor is adapted to display an image (or a film) formed of a left image (film) for the left eye and a right image (film) for the right eye of said individual, and the helmet also comprises optical means of three-dimensional visualization adapted to present said left image, respectively said right image, to the left eye of the individual, respectively to the right eye of the individual, so that said individual visualizes a three-dimensional image or film by merging said left and right images (films).
    These optical means for three-dimensional viewing can for example comprise two thin lenses whose optical axes are parallel and separated by a fixed or variable distance, for example equal to the pupillary distance of the individual.
    These optical means for three-dimensional viewing can comprise two groups of at least two lenses making it possible to adjust the optical power of said group, for example to adapt to the refraction of the individual, with or without glasses.
    These optical means of three-dimensional viewing could also simply comprise two circular openings adapted for each of the two eyes of the individual and a substantially flat partition placed between the two openings, and extending perpendicular to the segment joining two particular points of the eyes of the individual, for example the center of rotation of the right eye and the center of rotation of the left eye.
    Detailed description of an exemplary embodiment
    The description which follows with reference to the appended drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be carried out.
    In the accompanying drawings:
    Figure 1 is a schematic diagram representing the different stages of the determination method according to the invention;
    Figure 2 is a schematic view of a virtual reality headset comprising a smartphone and an additional illumination system according to a first embodiment;
    Figures 3 and 4 are detail views of a diffuser of the additional illumination system of Figure 2;
    Figure 5 is a schematic view of an additional illumination system according to a second embodiment;
    Figure 6 is a schematic view of an additional illumination system according to a third embodiment; and Figure 7 is a schematic view of an additional illumination system according to a fourth embodiment.
    In the preamble, it will be noted that the identical or similar elements of the different embodiments shown in the different figures will be referenced by the same reference signs and will not be described each time.
    Process
    In Figure 1, there is shown a schematic diagram representing the different steps of a determination method according to the invention, steps which will be detailed below.
    This process aims to find an optimal light filter for an individual, this filter having the function of improving or maintaining the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of this individual when he is wearing a pair of glasses, on the one of the spectacle lenses from which, preferably on both, said optimal filter is applied.
    Step a (block 11 in Figure 1)
    Step a) is a step of collecting data relating to the needs and uses of the individual.
    As explained above, the data relating to the “uses” of the individual include information on the conditions of use of the light filter envisaged by the individual and on the possible uses which have been mentioned previously.
    By data relating to the “needs” of the individual, is meant in particular all the data concerning the visual impairment or discomfort of the individual (and possibly the symptoms which are associated therewith) that the light filter sought is supposed to alleviate, such as those already mentioned above, without limitation.
    Data relating to needs may also include information on the individual profile of the individual: his age, sex, eye color, any current or past visual pathologies (e.g. cataract, density of macular pigment, intraocular diffusion , AMD, amblyopia, nystagmus, etc.), its medical history (eg dyslexia, epilepsy, migraines, autistic disorders), its refraction (eg in the form of data on its optical correction power), wearing glasses or contact lenses.
    The protections that will be provided by the desired light filter aim to improve or maintain his visual comfort (e.g. absence of glare) or his visual performance (e.g. his visual acuity).
    By maintaining visual performance, we also mean protecting the eye from harmful radiation such as ultra-violet (UV) radiation, photo-toxic blue light, or even infrared radiation (SR ).
    The usage and / or needs data make it possible to preselect potentially useful test filters for the individual.
    For example, if the individual for whom we are looking for a light filter regularly complains of glare problems, we will avoid selecting weakly tinted glasses which, a priori, will certainly not provide a satisfactory solution in terms of visual comfort.
    It will also be seen that the data collected will make it possible to determine the visual requirements of the individual and to help configure the light scenes.
    For example, if the subject relates to increased discomfort for night driving specifically, we will choose bright scenes with:
    a light environment of the mesopic, even scotopic type;
    point light sources (e.g. car headlights, lamppost, etc.); and / or a road scene, with specific pedestrians or obstacles, with object recognition or contrast and / or reaction time tests.
    A measurement of the individual's attention field can also be implemented to assess the risk of accident and assess the benefit of the filter on these qualitative and quantitative measures.
    In a particular embodiment, data collection is done by means of a questionnaire.
    We then submit in step a) the individual to this questionnaire, the data collected including the answers to the different questions in the questionnaire.
    The questionnaire can be carried out using a paper medium or a digital medium (for example: computer, tablet, or smartphone). Alternatively, the questionnaire can be done in oral form with a practitioner who asks the questions orally and records the answers, either on paper or on digital media.
    The answers to certain questions can be binary (yes / no), or of the type "never / sometimes / often / always". Sometimes the answers can be a note, for example between 1 and 5.
    In another particular embodiment, in step a), in addition to or in place of the questionnaire, measurements relating to the light environment of the individual are collected by means of at least one light sensor, the data collected being a function of these measurement values.
    Step a) can then include a measurement of the light flux to which the wearer is usually subjected. It is carried out using an independent light flux sensor or integrated into a pair of glasses or a connected object of the wearer, for example a smartphone, a tablet or a connected watch which collect the characteristics of the ambient light flux at this present time. This sensor (spectrophotometer type) collects the characteristics of the light flux to which the wearer is subjected while he is filling out the questionnaire (in particular intensity, spectrum, variation over time).
    The idea of a connected measurement is to measure the habits of exposure to light (intensity, spectrum, intensity variations) of an individual in his usual environment and to associate them with a degree of glare, for example.
    The data collected is used to orient the parameters of the test filter according to the type and frequency of glare of the wearer.
    We can thus consider a test filter with a minimum light transmission to be prescribed according to the level of light intensity from which the individual is embarrassed.
    Also, if the individual shows a greater visual discomfort in the variations of light, one can direct the selection of the test filter towards an active filter with dynamic visual transmission, unlike a passive filter.
    In a first version, we can provide a dedicated application on the individual's smartphone allowing data to be retrieved each time the smartphone is used. In a first improved version, data is collected continuously.
    The data recorded by the light sensor (eg the photographic sensor of the smartphone) can be: ambient brightness, date, location (position given by the GPS sensor of the smartphone), weather data and related discomfort of the subject to glare (via an open-ended question on the degree of glare with an answer on a scale of 1 to 5).
    Advantageously, provision can also be made for the photo sensor to record an image or a film of the luminous environment in which the individual is at the time of his responses. The data thus recovered then makes it possible to associate discomfort with a brightness.
    In a second version, we can plan to use, in addition to the individual's smartphone, glasses equipped with a light sensor that the individual wears when answering the questionnaire.
    The ambient brightness is continuously recorded and the location information, as well as the glare indicators, ... are recorded at regular intervals via the smartphone.
    All of the data related to the visual needs and uses of the individual will determine the light scenes experienced by the individual in step c) of the process (block 31 of Figure 1).
    It will also define the visual requirements of the wearer.
    In a preferred embodiment, these elements can then determine the criteria for evaluating the filter (step b1 below), or even give directions on the parameters of the filter to be selected.
    Step b1 (block 21 in Figure 1)
    This selection step b1) consists in selecting at least one test filter on the basis of at least one predefined evaluation criterion.
    In the embodiment of the invention described here, the test filter or filters are selected according to the data collected in step a (block 11).
    Alternatively, provision may be made for the test filter to be selected from a set of predetermined test filters.
    The objective is to define evaluation criteria for the test filter which are based either on generic tests or on the type of environment or needs identified by the individual.
    The evaluation criteria can be objective, subjective or mixed.
    For example, visual comfort, color perception, or eyestrain can be rated on a calibrated scale from 1 (poor comfort / poor color perception / significant fatigue) to 5 (excellent comfort / very good color perception / fatigue low).
    The evaluation criteria can be the result of a visual performance measure applied to psycho-physical tests:
    visual acuity, sensitivity to contrasts, perception of movement or depth;
    reading performance / speed;
    object recognition in visual scenes, measurement of reaction time during driving situations;
    • measurement of the threshold of discomfort / sensitivity to light;
    Finally, the evaluation criteria can be objective and relate to physiological data related to visual performance and / or visual comfort such as, for example: pupil dynamics, eyelid movements, electro-physiological signal from the retina and / or the cerebral cortex (measurable via electroencephalogram (EEG), electro-retinography of the eye (ERG), or visual evoked potentials (EPI)).
    The test filter can be defined by at least one of the following parameters:
    value of T v : percentage of visual transmission in the visible range under photopic conditions as defined in standard ISO 8980-3. It is defined in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm as the average weighted by standard sensitivity V (A) under photopic conditions of the eye under a D65 illuminant (daylight). The visual transmission Tv in scotopic condition can be defined in the same way with the standard sensitivity V '(A) in scotopic condition;
    spectral response: e.g. data of the light transmission as a function of the wavelength, in the visible range between 380 nm and 780 nm, and / or in the ultra-violet range, and / or in the infrared range;
    spatial variation (eg gradient) of the reflection or absorption factor of a glass in the presence of the test filter (“degraded” filter);
    temporal variation of one of the above parameters (e.g. photo-chromic or electro-chromic filter); or variation of the polarization state of the transmitted light.
    The parameters of the test filter can be taken one after the other and tested progressively according to the evaluation criteria.
    They are preselected according to the data collection in step a (block 11 in Figure 1).
    For example, if the individual's light sensitivity threshold is high, we will not test class 0 or 1 test filters within the meaning of standard NF EN ISO 12312-1, but we will start with filters with more protective visual transmission (T v ).
    Also, depending on the light environments of the individual, we may preselect certain spectra for which the individual feels more discomfort.
    The parameters of the different test filters to be selected can also be selected according to a pre-established procedure, for example by first choosing the visual transmission T v , then by refining the selection as a function of the spectral responses, and finally by orienting or not towards a photo-chromic or electro-chromic adaptation of the test filter (s) (if dynamic sensitivity to light for example).
    Step b2) (block 22 in Figure 1)
    This selection step b2) (which can take place before or after the selection step b1) consists in selecting, as a function of the data collected in step a (block 11), at least one light scene which is representative of the uses and / or visual needs of the individual tested.
    This light scene will be used for the scenario of step c (block 31 of FIG. 1).
    Advantageously, this light scene comprises, on the one hand, an image, or a film, determined according to these needs and uses, and, on the other hand, at least one light source generating discomfort and / or loss of visual performance for the individual without wearing a filter.
    Preferably, the image (or film) of the visual scene is defined at the same time by at least one of the following two parameters:
    a physical or optical parameter of the light conditions: intensity (cd), luminance (cd / m 2 ), illumination (lux), spectrum as a function of the wavelength, temporal variation of these parameters, location and orientation of the source ( point or diffuse source), etc ...;
    a parameter relating to the objects or visual activities to be implemented (eg driving situation, walking, reading on the terrace, perception of signs; simple visual stimulus such as a letter of visual acuity, a moving or colored target, stimulus central vs. peripheral, ...; no visual stimulus).
    All of these parameters can thus represent the richness and complexity of the light situations with which the individual is likely to be confronted.
    In other words, the image (or film) of the light scene is a set of objects, representative of a real life situation of the individual, characterized by objects, defined by their positions, their sizes and their forms. For each object, the light environment is defined (intensity, spectrum, spatial distribution and temporal variation).
    These elements of the environment will allow the individual to be tested in situations close to his needs and will also guide the evaluation criteria for the test filters.
    According to certain embodiments, the image or the film comprises standard visual stimuli, such as those used in conventional optometric tests: letter of visual acuity from 1/20 th to 20/10 th with a contrast between 5% and 100%, contrast patterns ranging from 1% to 100% with different spatial frequencies, patterns for color or depth vision, film for perception of movements or film for simulating a walking or driving situation automotive, attentional visual field, patch detection.
    In order to validate the test filter as to its ability to improve comfort and / or visual performance, the selected light scene may include, and preferably also include one or more light sources, each light source generating discomfort and / or loss of visual performance for the individual when the latter is not wearing a filter.
    The light source or sources on the scene are therefore superimposed or added to the image or film previously described.
    Advantageously, provision is made to be able to select a very large number of light sources according to the needs and uses collected in step a):
    point or quasi-point source, extended source; directional or diffuse source;
    more or less intense source (level of luminance or luminous flux);
    colored or not source (i.e. substantially white), source at T ° of cold or hot color;
    continuous or intermittent / transient source, with temporal variation of its parameters (intensity, direction of emission, spectrum, ...);
    primary or secondary source; natural or artificial source; or source from an incandescent, halogen, discharge, vapor (sodium, for example) lamp, source of light-emitting diode (LED) type, possibly organic (OLED), etc.
    Generally speaking, the additional light source in the image emits an additional light "flux" for the individual observing the light scene.
    Preferably, light sources can be provided that can generate an additional light flux so that the visual luminance of the assembly formed by the light scene and the additional light source has a visual luminance:
    greater than 60 cd / m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to one of the following values: 300 cd / m 2 , 500 cd / m 2 , 1000 cd / m 2 , 1800 cd / m 2 , when the image of the light scene observed alone by the individual places him in photopic conditions of vision (average luminance of the image or film greater than 10 cd / m 2 ); and greater than 1 cd / m 2 , under mesopic viewing conditions (average luminance of the image or film between 10 3 and 10 cd / m 2 ); and greater than 10 ' 3 cd / m 2 under scotopic viewing conditions (average image or film luminance less than 10' 3 cd / m 2 ).
    In photopic conditions, provision is also made to vary the additional luminous flux of the light source so that the illumination in the plane of the eye is in an embodiment of at least 200 lux (Ix), preferably greater or equal to one of the following values: 500 Ix, 1000 Ix, 1500 Ix, 2000 Ix, 5000 Ix, 10000 Ix, better 15000 Ix. These light ranges correspond to the light values received by the eye in a natural environment during the day in overcast to bright weather.
    More preferably, provision is made to be able to vary the spectrum, the color, and / or the color temperature of the additional light source, the spectrum possibly being narrow or wide, discrete or continuous, mono- or polychromatic.
    Advantageously, the level and / or the spectrum of the additional light flux can be programmed by choosing the different light sources (for example different LEDs), or by wearing glasses with passive or active glasses (electrochromic) whose color, spectral response, and / or activation speed can be controlled.
    Step c (block 31 of Figure 1)
    Once the light scene and the test filter have been selected according to the needs and uses of the individual collected in step a), there is provided a step of putting the individual in situation where visually presents the light scene through the chosen test filter.
    Note first of all that the test filter can be real and / or virtual.
    When the test filter is real, then in step c), the individual actually wears, that is to say physically, this test filter for viewing the light scene which is displayed on a display device. display observed by the individual.
    In this way, it is possible for the individual to realize what the impact of the real test filter is on the displayed light scene, in particular on his visual comfort and / or his visual performance.
    As will be detailed later in the following description, the display device used during step c) is preferably adapted to display all the types of light scenes previously described, and in particular the light scenes in which the additional light source generates a dazzling of the individual.
    For this, it is advantageous to plan to use high dynamic light scenes and a display device comprising a HDR (High Dynamisai Range) graphic screen capable of displaying this type of light scenes.
    A real test filter can for example be produced in the form of a colored solid applied to an ophthalmic lens or a test glasses or else in the form of a tinted glass.
    Another type of real filter can be formed by an active glass, of the electrochromic or liquid crystal type.
    The test filter can therefore also be virtual, that is to say non-physical. Here we mean that the test filter, or more precisely the effect of the test filter, is reproduced by simulation.
    In practice, the simulation is done by calculating the modifications induced by the virtual test filter (its optical characteristics) on the visual scene (luminance distribution, spectral content, temporal variation, etc.) before the presentation of the light scene. to the individual.
    In other words, in step c), the light scene is simulated and displayed by the display device through the selected test filter as it would be seen by the individual if he were actually wearing said test filter.
    Thus, when the individual observes the display device, he perceives the effect of the filter directly on the light scene rendered realistically on the display device viewed by the individual.
    Thanks to this possibility of simulating the effects of the test filter on the light scene selected according to the needs and uses of the individual, it is possible to test a large number of test filters, and to easily vary the characteristics optics of the test filter.
    For example, if the test filter is a sun filter in the form of a tinted glass, of slightly green color, the benefit of this test filter on the visual comfort of the individual, for example his sensitivity to the 'glare, will be tested during the scenario of the individual in step c) by calculating the modification of the spectral content of the light scene by the spectral response of the filter.
    Advantageously, provision can also be made before step c) for calibrating the display device to characterize the properties of its graphic screen in photometric and visual terms: maximum luminance of the screen (in cd / m 2 ), its gamma by channel, its color temperature (in Kelvin) or its white point chrominance value, its static or dynamic contrast, its spectral characteristics, etc.
    Obviously, it is possible in step c) to put the individual in situation with two test filters: a real filter and a virtual filter. For this, it is sufficient that the individual observes the display device through the real test filter, the display device simulating and displaying the light scene as it would be seen if the individual wore only the filter virtual test.
    Step d (block 41 of figure 1)
    During or after step c) of the scenario, the determination process includes an evaluation step during which the "test filter" selected for each of the pre-defined evaluation criteria is "noted".
    The benefit of the selected test filter can be evaluated qualitatively and / or quantitatively according to the predefined criterion chosen.
    It can also be done either directly by the individual who marks himself a predefined criterion (for example: the individual gives a mark between 1 and 5 for his appreciation of the colors with the chosen test filter), or indirectly by the individual who performs a test, the result of this test constituting the score given to the predefined criterion (eg result of a visual acuity test or result of a measurement of a retinal recovery time ).
    For each predefined criterion, the score given by the individual or the result of the indirect evaluation is recorded.
    The result of step d) can also be a weighted value of the different scores obtained for the test filter under test according to different predefined criteria.
    The weighting can be a simple average (each criterion has the same weight) or a more complicated weighting depending on the importance of the needs expressed by the individual.
    Step e (block 51 of Figure 1)
    Once the result (s) of step d) of evaluation have been obtained, each is compared to a predetermined threshold of visual comfort and / or visual performance.
    This predetermined threshold of visual comfort and / or visual performance may be an absolute threshold or else a relative threshold.
    For example, if the predefined criterion for evaluating the test filter to be tested relates to its ability to restore satisfactory visual acuity under glare conditions, it can be considered that the test filter tested presents a benefit for the individual if the visual acuity measured (ie the result of the evaluation step d) is greater than or equal to an absolute threshold of 7/10 th .
    Conversely, we may want to compare at this stage the benefit of the test filter compared to a situation where the individual does not wear any test filter or a situation where the individual carries another filter which can be either a filter or simply the previously tested test filter. We can thus have an incremental approach where we seek an improvement in visual comfort or visual performance relative to another test filter already tested on the individual.
    Step f (block 61 of Figure 1)
    The validation or not of the prescription of the light filter is carried out on the basis of the result of the comparison in step e).
    You can search for a targeted validation (comparison with an absolute threshold) or a relative validation (comparison with a relative threshold) of the test filter.
    If the comparison of step e) shows an improvement in the predefined criterion, then step f), said test filter is retained as being said light filter suitable for the individual.
    Conversely, if the comparison in step e) shows a degradation of the predefined criterion, then in step f), the determination process is repeated in step b1) by selecting another test filter ( see arrow in dotted line between block 61 and block 21 of FIG. 1) then by repeating steps c), d), e) and f) with this new test filter. Optimizing the filter can therefore be iterative.
    However, the iteration can be carried out even if the comparison shows an improvement of the predefined criterion, so as to tend towards an optimal light filter.
    One can imagine introducing a certain tolerance in the comparison of step e), so that a test filter is considered to be validated, respectively invalidated, as soon as the improvement, respectively the degradation, is greater in absolute value than a predetermined tolerance value ε, depending in particular on the measurement accuracy.
    This avoids performing too many iterations for a given predefined criterion and quickly converging towards an optimal light filter.
    At the end of the process, we therefore determined a light filter which is adapted to the needs and uses of the individual collected at the start of the process.
    EXAMPLES
    Two examples of the application of the determination method as described above are described below.
    Example 1
    We are trying to determine a light filter for an individual who has visual acuity:
    9/10 th when he is equipped with his visual correction equipment (corrective glasses); and 6/10 th in dazzling conditions, for example under strong sun.
    Thanks to the process, it is possible to test a predetermined series of test filters on the individual, for example by adding these filters to each of the lenses of his glasses. The different test filters have different visual transmission values Tv and spectral responses (attenuation as a function of the wavelength for example) different.
    Thanks to the display device, in step c) a light condition is simulated beyond the individual's sensitivity threshold (value previously measured).
    The visual acuity of the individual is then measured for each test filter. We select the test filter (s) that allow to restore a visual acuity of at least 9/10 th in bright environment.
    Example 2
    An individual with visual pathology is very sensitive to light and their visual performance is very sensitive to the effect of a light filter. The individual may need a light filter even in low light conditions (indoor situation for example), because the light filter can then enhance other visual functions and improve comfort.
    In this case, we select in step b1) test filters according to their spectral response in the visible range (380-780 nm).
    According to the specific needs of the individual (which depend on his pathology and his own sensitivity), we will select test filters of different spectral responses and we will evaluate them according to the following predefined criteria:
    A) improved sharpness;
    B) contribution of luminosity;
    C) alteration of colors;
    D) protection from light.
    The table below summarizes the results obtained using the method for determining the invention.
    This table guides the first choice of preferred test filter (spectrum), by shade range, according to the criteria of a population of individuals, which we will test first.
    For example, if the individual favors criterion A "sharpness" first, we will first test a spectral filter at 450 nm (filter F11) and we will evaluate the evolution of the criterion sharpness on a static or dynamic image.
    If the subject favors light protection in indoor light conditions, we will preferably test filter no. F15, and then compare it with other filters.
    Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Criterion D F11 filter Filters F11, F12,F13 Filters F12, F14 F15 filter If 2nd criterion = C: filters F22, F24 If 2nd criterion = D: filters F21, F22 If 2nd criterion = A: F21, F'21
    Device
    In Figure 2, there is shown a virtual reality headset 70 intended to be worn by an individual for whom it is sought to determine an optimal light filter in order to restore or maintain his visual comfort and / or his visual performance.
    This virtual reality headset 70 is thus particularly suitable for implementing the method of determining the invention described above.
    Overall, this helmet 70 is a conventional virtual reality helmet to which one or more light sources have been added making it possible to simulate objects or sources of high luminosity capable of generating glare for an individual.
    In this case, the individual is immersed in a very realistic light environment, which makes it possible to simulate light scenes from everyday life, to simulate the movements of the light scene or dazzling sources in a realistic manner and therefore to allow the individual to make a quick and reliable return on his level of visual discomfort or visual performance.
    As FIG. 2 clearly shows, the virtual reality headset 70 firstly comprises a display device 80 intended to test the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of the individual and comprising for this purpose a graphic screen 91 and an additional illumination system 100.
    The graphic screen 91 is, in the embodiment presented here, the display screen of a smartphone 90. It is here controlled by the microprocessor (not shown) of the smartphone 90 to display on this graphic screen 91 an image (or a film) capable of being viewed by the test individual wearing the helmet 70.
    It is understood here that the image (or the film) is an image (or a film) generated from the light scene selected during the selection step of the method for determining the invention.
    As a variant, the graphic screen can be a dedicated screen of the virtual reality headset and supplied with it. In this case, the graphic screen can be controlled by a specific microprocessor of the virtual reality headset.
    In a preferred embodiment, the microprocessor controls the graphic screen 91 so that this graphic screen 91 displays an image (or a film) formed from a left image (film) for the left eye 2 and a right image (film) for the individual's right eye 1.
    In this embodiment, the helmet 70 also includes optical means for three-dimensional viewing adapted to present the left image, respectively the right image, to the left eye of the individual, respectively to the right eye of the individual, so that the latter visualizes a three-dimensional image (or film) by merging the left and right images (films).
    The optical three-dimensional display means here comprise (see FIGS. 2, 5, 6, and 7) two lenses, a right lens 71 and a left lens 72, placed respectively in front of the right eye 1 and the left eye 2 of the 'individual and positioned so that the individual sees the right image and the left image displayed on the graphic screen 91 of the smartphone 90.
    Advantageously, provision may be made for the two lenses 71, 72 to form intermediate images from the left and right images, these intermediate images being formed in a well-defined plane, for example in a plane located at infinity optically.
    This plane can also be at a near vision distance, intermediate vision or far vision, or at any other distance, depending on the wearer's ametropia and / or according to the desire to present a scene at a particular distance for the test.
    The additional light system 100 is suitable for diffusing, to the individual observing the graphic screen 91, an additional light flux (see arrows F1, F2 in FIG. 2). The individual therefore receives the light flux coming from the images displayed on the graphic screen 91 and the additional light flux F1, F2 emitted by the additional illumination system 100.
    To this end, the helmet 70 includes means 74, 75, 79 for holding the display device 80 in front of the eyes 1, 2 of the individual. In particular, there are provided, on the one hand, fasteners 79 allowing the display device 80 to be attached to the housing 74 of the helmet 70 and, on the other hand, a fastener 75 allowing the individual to fix the helmet 70 on his head, the fastener 75 coming to set his skull.
    The display device 80 is fixed to the helmet 70 by means of the fixings 79 so that the graphic screen 91 of the smartphone 90 is turned towards the eyes 1, 2 of the individual and that the additional illumination device 100 is arranged by compared to this graphic screen 91 to come between it and the eyes 1,2 of the individual.
    We will see in the following description that the additional light system 100 is designed to leave visible all or part of the image or film displayed on the graphic screen 91 of the smartphone.
    The virtual reality headset 70 also includes a skirt 73 adapted to be pressed against the face of the individual when the latter is wearing the headset 70 with the elastic strap 75 tight against the back of his skull.
    This skirt 73 is opaque and then makes it possible to isolate the individual from the ambient light prevailing around the individual.
    In this way, during the implementation of the determination process, the individual is placed in controlled light conditions, which depend only on the light scattered by the graphic screen 91 (left and right images) and the device d 'additional illumination 100 (additional luminous flux F1, F2).
    The additional illumination system 100 is controlled by another microprocessor or, as here, by the microprocessor of the smartphone 90. There is then provided an interface element between this microprocessor and the additional illumination system 100 allowing it to receive and process instructions from the microprocessor.
    The microprocessor of the smartphone 90 controls the additional illumination device 100 so that it emits an additional light flux F1, F2 having an energy, a spectral distribution, a temporal variation, a spatial distribution, and / or an angular distribution. predetermined. We will see in the following description different embodiments of the additional illumination system 100.
    Preferably, the additional illumination system 100 diffuses an additional luminous flux F1, F2 making it possible to achieve a visual luminance greater than or equal to 1000 candelas per square meter (cd / m 2 ), preferably greater than or equal to 2000 cd / m 2 , better greater than or equal to 3000 candelas per square meter (cd / m 2 ) and preferably up to 20,000 cd / m 2 .
    Such a level of visual luminance makes it possible to generate light environments in which the additional light flux F1, F2 is likely to generate visual discomfort for the individual, in particular by dazzling.
    Advantageously, the display device 80 comprises two light sensors 77, 78 (see FIG. 2) adapted to deliver a signal representative of the level of illumination (lux) at the level of the two eyes 1, 2 of the individual, and in which the average level of luminance of the image (or of the film) and / or of the additional luminous flux F1, F2 is controlled as a function of this representative signal.
    It is also possible to provide fixing means 109, for example by clipping, of the additional illumination system 100 on the body of the smartphone 90.
    As explained above, the additional illumination system 100 is arranged with respect to the graphic screen 91 so as to leave visible all or part of the image which it displays.
    For this, in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the display device 80 comprises an additional illumination system 100 here comprising two series 101, 102 of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which can be independently controlled and arranged on the edge of a screen 111 made of transparent plastic material, of the polycarbonate or PMMA type for example, playing the role of optical waveguide for the light of light-emitting diodes 101, 102 coupled inside the screen 111.
    The additional light system also includes a diffusing film 110 active or passive deposited on all or part of the rear face 112 of the light panel 111 facing the eyes 1, 2 of the individual and adapted to diffuse the light guided by total internal reflection in the bright 111 panel.
    Advantageously, this diffusing film 110 may be an active film of the dispersed polymer liquid crystal type (PDLC film for Polymer-Disperse Liquid Crystal) comprising activatable zones making it possible to scatter or not light.
    FIGS. 3 and 4 show an example of an active diffusing film which can be used in the additional illumination system 100 of the invention.
    In these two figures, the diffuser 110 is formed from a PDLC-type diffusing film, 120 microns thick, sold by the company Kyushu Nanotec Optics. This active film has two states: a diffusing state in the OFF state and a transparent state in the ON state.
    The diffusing film 110 comprises, for each right eye 1 and left eye 2 and located on each side of a central axis 76 of the helmet 70, two activatable zones 112, 113 and 114, 115:
    a central activatable zone 113 (right eye), 115 (left eye); and a peripheral activatable zone 112 (right eye), 114 (left eye).
    These activatable zones 112, 113, 114, 115 are controlled by the microprocessor of the smartphone 90 to be diffusing ("OFF" state) or transparent ("ON" state) depending on the content displayed on the graphic screen 91.
    Advantageously, these activatable zones 112, 113, 114, 115 can be, for example, two openings allowing stereoscopic vision with the right and left eye 1,2 of the images or of the film displayed on the graphic screen.
    Independent piloting of these two zones makes it possible to carry out vision tests independently on the right eye 1 or left 2 or on both. The advantage of using a central zone and a peripheral zone is to be able to adjust the size of the central zone according to the dimension of the light scenes to be observed. The zones can therefore be of multiple dimensions.
    Figures 5, 6, and 7 respectively represent schematic views of a display device according to a second, third and fourth embodiment.
    In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the additional illumination system comprises two groups 101, 102 of light-emitting diodes, here a light-emitting diode, and a diffusing film 110 active with the activatable zones 112, 113 and 114, 115 previously described.
    This diffusing film 110 is interposed between the eyes 1, 2 of the individual and the graphic screen 91 of smartphones 90, and backscatter towards the individual the light flux emitted by the light-emitting diodes 101, 102.
    In the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the additional illumination system 100 comprises a light panel formed here of a matrix of light-emitting diodes 101, 102, 103 placed in front of said graphic screen, and a diffuser 110 active in transmission which comes between the light panel and the eyes 1,2 of the individual.
    In a variant, the light sources can comprise optical fibers or else organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
    In the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the illumination system comprises three light-emitting diodes 101, 102, 103 and a semi-reflecting mirror 116 interposed between the eyes 1, 2 of the individual and the screen chart 91.
    The semi-reflecting mirror 116 reflects the light flux emitted by the light-emitting diodes 101, 102, 103 towards the eyes 1, 2 of the individual. More specifically, the semi-reflecting mirror 116 is adapted to project onto the cornea or very close to it, in a plane perpendicular to the normal at the top of the semi-reflecting mirror 116, this plane being almost tangent to the tops of the individual's corneas.
    The advantage of this display device, compared to the previous ones, is to benefit from the entire graphic screen 91 while being able to act on the light-emitting diodes 101, 102, 103.
    In other embodiments, one could provide a set of ergonomic controls allowing the individual to vary the characteristics of the additional light flux by controlling the additional light system. We could also record the physiological data of the individual (light levels of the source that create discomfort for the individual, recovery time of clear vision, recovery of stereoscopic vision, etc.).
    One could plan to pre-record, in the smartphone or other microprocessor controlling the additional illumination system and / or the diffusing film, a set of protocols for determining light filters. These protocols could change the light intensity, the spectral, spatial and temporal distributions of the additional light source (s).
    One could also provide a "manual" mode to allow the individual to vary the light intensity of the display device. In this case, the display device - or the helmet - may include gripping means allowing the individual to express a level of visual discomfort felt in relation to the additional luminous flux generated by the additional illumination system, and means making it possible to associate the visual discomfort with at least one optical characteristic (intensity, spectrum, angular or spatial distribution, temporal variation, etc.) of the additional light flux generated by the additional illumination system.
    In another embodiment, provision can be made to use the display device without the virtual reality headset. In this case, the display device is then maintained by the individual at a typical reading distance. A set of light sensors will adjust the light level according to the ambient lighting. The graphical screen can then include the screen of a tablet and the additional light system can include a set of light-emitting diodes placed at the periphery of the screen.
    Finally, in still other embodiments, the display device can be used in an augmented reality helmet or in a projection system.
    In the context of an augmented reality helmet, the light scene observed can be the light scene seen by the camera of the smartphone and displayed on the screen thereof, in addition to the dazzling part of the display device.
    In a projection system, powerful projectors could be used as both an illuminator and a scene display to observe.
    The present invention is not limited to the embodiment described and shown, but the skilled person will be able to make any variant according to his spirit.
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Display device (80) intended to test the visual comfort and / or the visual performance of an individual comprising:
    a graphic screen (91) controlled by a microprocessor for displaying on said graphic screen (91) an image or a film capable of being viewed by said tested individual, characterized in that it further comprises:
    an additional illumination system (100) controlled by another microprocessor or by the same microprocessor for diffusing, to said individual observing said graphic screen (91), an additional luminous flux (F1, F2) having an energy, a spectral distribution, a temporal variation, a spatial distribution, and / or a predetermined angular distribution (s), said additional illumination system (100) being arranged with respect to said graphic screen (91) so as to leave visible all or part of said image or said film.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Display device (80) according to claim 1, in which said additional illumination system (100) is adapted to diffuse an additional light flux (F1, F2) making it possible, in combination with said graphic screen (80), reach a visual luminance greater than or equal to 1000 candelas per square meter (cd / m 2 ).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Display device (80) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said additional illumination system (100) comprises light-emitting diodes (101, 102) and a diffusing film (110) active or passive interposed between the eyes (1, 2) of said individual and said graphic screen (91), said diffusing film (110) being adapted to backscatter the light flux emitted by said light-emitting diodes (101, 102).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Display device (80) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said additional illumination system (100) comprises a light panel (111) placed in front of said graphic screen (91), and a diffuser (110), active or passive, in transmission interposed between said light panel (111) and the eyes (1, 2) of said individual.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Display device (80) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said additional illumination system (100) comprises at least one light-emitting diode (101, 102, 103) and a semi-reflecting mirror (116) s interposing between the eyes (1, 2) of said individual and said graphic screen (91) to reflect the light flux emitted by said light-emitting diode (101, 102, 103) towards the eyes (1,2) of the individual.
    5
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Display device (80) according to one of claims 1 to 5, comprising at least two light sensors (76, 77) adapted to deliver a signal representative of the level of illumination at the level of the two eyes (1, 2) of said individual, and in which the average level of luminance of said image or of said film and / or of said additional luminous flux (F1, F2) is controlled as a function of this
    10 representative signal.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Virtual reality headset (70) intended to be worn by an individual comprising:
    a display device (80) according to any of claims 1 to 6;
    15 - means (74, 75, 79) for holding said display device (80) before the eyes (1,2) of said individual; and means (73) for isolating said individual from ambient light.
    1/2
    114
    2/2
    £ 101 ^, 73
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    WO2013021102A1|2013-02-14|Device for determining a group of vision aids suitable for a person
    US9072434B2|2015-07-07|Methods, systems and apparatuses for night and day corrective ophthalmic prescription
    KR20170101217A|2017-09-05|Management system and method of an active lens
    FR3071349A1|2019-03-22|METHOD FOR DEMONSTRATING THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF GLASSES OF EYEWEAR
    Wolffsohn et al.2002|Benefit of coloured lenses for age‐related macular degeneration
    Bailie et al.2013|Functional and perceived benefits of wearing coloured filters by patients with age‐related macular degeneration
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    Citek2006|Contrast sensitivity function
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    Schor et al.2011|SECTION CHAPTER
    Hammond et al.0|How to Help Patients Manage the Dark Side of Light
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3065820A1|2018-11-02|
    FR3065820B1|2021-09-17|
    US20200146546A1|2020-05-14|
    CN110546551B|2021-10-01|
    CN110546551A|2019-12-06|
    WO2018197820A1|2018-11-01|
    EP3615993A1|2020-03-04|
    FR3065832B1|2020-11-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US5714967A|1994-05-16|1998-02-03|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.|Head-mounted or face-mounted image display apparatus with an increased exit pupil|
    WO1999034246A1|1997-12-31|1999-07-08|Colorado Microdisplay, Inc.|An image generator having a miniature display device|
    US20120274902A1|2009-11-13|2012-11-01|Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optiqu|Method and a device for automatically measuring at least one refractive characteristic of both eyes of an individual|
    WO2014174067A1|2013-04-25|2014-10-30|Essilor International |A method of controlling a head mounted electro-optical device adapted to a wearer|
    US20160157712A1|2013-08-13|2016-06-09|Peter Gustave Borden|Illumination evaluation or recommendation using visual function|WO2021149006A1|2020-01-23|2021-07-29|Nidek Co. Ltd.|Compact examination apparatus with visual field perimetry and blind spot capabilities|FR2988494B1|2012-03-20|2015-04-03|Essilor Int|METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PERSONALIZED EYE PROTECTION OPHTHALMIC LENS FOR A BEARER|
    FR3031816B1|2015-01-16|2018-02-16|Essilor International|METHOD FOR DETERMINING A FILTER FOR AN OPHTHALMIC LENS AND OPHTHALMIC LENS COMPRISING SUCH A FILTER|CN111273776A|2020-01-20|2020-06-12|芋头科技（杭州）有限公司|Opacity control method, opacity control device, AR/MR device, controller and medium|
    EP3919966A1|2020-06-03|2021-12-08|Essilor International|Method for determining a colored filter applied to a spectacle lens and associated device|
    CN111627378B|2020-06-28|2021-05-04|苹果公司|Display with optical sensor for brightness compensation|
    法律状态:
    2018-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-11-02| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20181102 |
    2019-04-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-04-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-04-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1753825A|FR3065820B1|2017-04-28|2017-04-28|METHOD OF DETERMINING A LIGHT FILTER APPLIED TO A GLASS OF EYEGLASSES; ASSOCIATED DISPLAY DEVICE AND VIRTUAL REALITY HELMET|
    FR1753825|2017-04-28|
    FR1761022A|FR3065832B1|2017-04-28|2017-11-21|DISPLAY DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED VIRTUAL REALITY HELMET|FR1761022A| FR3065832B1|2017-04-28|2017-11-21|DISPLAY DEVICE AND ASSOCIATED VIRTUAL REALITY HELMET|
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