专利摘要:
The invention relates mainly to a motor vehicle rotating electrical machine comprising a rotor (12) having an axis (X) comprising at least one permanent magnet (20) and a stator (11) surrounding the rotor and comprising a body (24). provided with a plurality of notches (30) and an electrical winding (25), the winding having phase windings (26) disposed in the notches, each phase winding being formed by at least one conductor (35). The rotor (12) has 3 or 4 or 5 pairs of poles. The stator comprises two three-phase systems each formed by three phase windings (26) coupled in a triangle. The number of conductors (35) per notch (30) is strictly greater than 2 and each conductor has an active portion (40) inserted in a corresponding notch (30), the active portion of substantially rectangular section having a radial length (L2) less than or equal to 3.6 mm.
公开号:FR3064834A1
申请号:FR1752610
申请日:2017-03-29
公开日:2018-10-05
发明作者:Radu Fratila;Radhouane Khlissa;Jerome LEGRANGER
申请人:Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur SAS;
IPC主号:
专利说明:

Holder (s): VALEO ELECTRIC EQUIPEMENTS MOTOR Simplified joint-stock company.
Extension request (s)
Agent (s): VALEO EQUIPEMENTS ELECTRIQUES MOTOR Simplified joint-stock company.
(041 ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED CONFIGURATION.
FR 3 064 834 - A1 (57) The invention relates mainly to a rotary electrical machine of a motor vehicle comprising a rotor (12) of axis (X) comprising at least one permanent magnet (20) and a stator (11) surrounding the rotor and comprising a body (24) provided with a plurality of notches (30) and an electric winding (25), the winding comprising phase windings (26) arranged in the notches, each phase winding being formed by at least one conductor (35). The rotor (12) has 3 or 4 or 5 pairs of poles. The stator comprises two three-phase systems each formed by three phase windings (26) coupled in a triangle. The number of conductors (35) per notch (30) is strictly greater than 2 and each conductor has an active portion (40) inserted in a corresponding notch (30), the active portion of substantially rectangular section having a radial length (L2) less than or equal to 3.6 mm.
28

ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED CONFIGURATION
The present invention relates to a rotary electrical machine with an optimized configuration. The invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application with reversible high-power electric machines capable of operating in alternator mode and in motor mode coupled with a host element, such as a gearbox.
In a manner known per se, rotary electrical machines comprise a stator and a rotor secured to a shaft. The rotor may be integral with a driving and / or driven shaft and may belong to a rotating electrical machine îo in the form of an alternator, an electric motor, or a reversible machine capable of operating in both modes. In alternator mode, when the rotor is rotating, it induces a magnetic field on the stator which transforms it into electric current in order to supply the electric consumers of the vehicle and to recharge the battery. In motor mode, the stator is electrically powered and induces a magnetic field driving the rotor in rotation in order to start the heat engine and / or participate in the traction of the vehicle, independently or in combination with the heat engine.
The stator is mounted in a casing configured to rotate the shaft on bearings by means of bearings. Furthermore, the stator comprises a body constituted by a stack of thin sheets forming a crown, the inner face of which is provided with notches open towards the inside to receive an electrical winding formed by phase windings. These windings pass through the notches in the stator body and form buns protruding from either side of the stator body. The phase windings are obtained for example from a continuous wire covered with enamel or from conductive elements in the form of pins connected together by welding. These windings are polyphase windings connected in star or triangle whose outputs are connected to an inverter also operating as a rectifier bridge.
With this type of machine, the speed of rotation of the machine influences the voltage supplied and therefore the power of the machine. Thus, the higher the rotation speed, the greater the power. For synchronous machines, beyond a certain rotation speed to maximize the power of the machine, it is important to be able to deflux said machine. FIG. 1 represents characteristic curves of torque and power as a function of the speed of rotation of such a rotary electrical machine respectively in the motor mode M_mth (cf. characteristic curve of torque C1 and characteristic curve of power C2) and in the generator mode M_gen (see torque characteristic curve C3 and power characteristic curve C4). A defluxing range P_def is defined by reference to a ratio between a maximum rotation speed at constant torque N1 divided by the maximum rotation speed N2 of the electric machine. This defluxing ratio being high (greater than 2.5), the machine can operate at high speed while in a state of quasi-short circuit.
In order to optimize the operation of the machine, in particular in order to be able to reach high operating speeds and therefore high power, it is necessary for the machine to have good short-circuit current withstand in steady state. This optimization of the machine must also take into account other parameters such as the compactness of the machine which is an important parameter for the integration of said machine into the vehicle, as well as the thermal behavior of the machine which is also a parameter important both for user safety and not to damage the machine. The invention therefore aims to guarantee the resistance of the short-circuit current in steady state while optimizing the compactness and the thermal characteristics of the electric machine.
To this end, the present invention relates to a rotating electric machine of a motor vehicle. According to the invention, the machine comprises a rotor extending along an axis of rotation and comprising at least one permanent magnet and a stator surrounding the rotor and comprising a body provided with a plurality of notches and an electrical winding, the winding comprising phase windings arranged in the notches, each phase winding being formed by at least one conductor. In addition, according to the invention, the rotor has 3 or 4 or 5 pairs of poles and the stator has two three-phase systems each formed by three phase windings coupled in a triangle. In addition, according to the invention, the number of conductors per notch is strictly greater than 2 and each conductor has an active portion inserted in a corresponding notch, the active portion of substantially rectangular section having a radial length less than or equal to 3.6 mm.
Having two three-phase systems simplifies the layout of the power modules and therefore makes it possible to have a machine that can be more compact. In addition, the coupling of the star windings makes it possible to have no neutral point and therefore improves the compactness of the machine. The fact of having a substantially rectangular section of wire makes it possible to improve the coefficient of filling of the conductors in the notches and therefore to improve the power of the machine. By substantially rectangular section is meant the fact that the corners of the conductors may be slightly rounded for manufacturing reasons. A number of conductors per notch strictly greater than two allows a greater degree of latitude in terms of choice of the number of turns per winding. In addition, the fact that the radial width of the conductors is less than or equal to 3.6 mm associated with a number of pairs of rotor poles between 3 and 5 makes it possible to minimize the resistance of the conductors so as to limit the Joules losses of the conductors. All these parameters taken together therefore lead to better thermal resistance, better resistance of the short-circuit current in steady state and better compactness of the rotating electric machine. The rotating electric machine can thus operate at higher speed in a secure manner.
According to one embodiment, the two three-phase systems are independent of each other and the rotary electrical machine comprises an inverter comprising two independent modules each connected to a three-phase system.
According to one embodiment, the inverter is connected to a DC bus having a voltage between 30 and 60 volts.
According to one embodiment, an orthoradial length of an active portion of a conductor is greater than or equal to 1.4mm.
According to one embodiment, an outside diameter of the stator body is between 80 mm and 180 mm. For example, the outside diameter of the stator body is selected from one of the following values: 80, 90, 100, 110, 153, 161 and 180 millimeters.
According to one embodiment, a maximum power of said rotary electrical machine is between 8 kW and 30 kW.
According to one embodiment, the number of conductors per notch is even.
According to one embodiment, the number of conductors per notch is equal to 4. As a variant, the number of conductors per notch can be equal to 6, 8 or even 10.
According to one embodiment, the conductors are aligned radially with respect to each other inside a corresponding notch.
According to one embodiment, each phase winding is formed from a plurality of conductors taking in particular the form of pins electrically connected to each other. For example, the pins extend in the form of a U comprising two active parts extending in respective notches and a connecting portion coming to connect the two active parts. Preferably, a phase winding is formed by welding together the free ends of the active parts of different pins. By free ends is meant the ends of the active parts which are not connected to the connecting portion.
According to one embodiment, each phase winding is formed from a continuous conductor. This continuous conductor is for example a wire.
According to one embodiment, the conductive wire comprises active portions of substantially rectangular section and connecting portions between two adjacent active portions of rounded section, in particular substantially round.
According to one embodiment, the conductors have a rectangular section with rounded corners.
According to one embodiment, said rotary electrical machine comprises a cooling liquid circuit.
According to one embodiment, the machine is a synchronous machine.
According to one embodiment, the machine is a permanent magnet machine.
According to one embodiment, said rotary electric machine takes the form of a motor, a generator, or a reversible electric machine.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows and on examining the figures which accompany it. These figures are given only by way of illustration but in no way limit the invention.
FIG. 1, already described, shows the characteristic curves of torque and power as a function of the speed of rotation of a rotary electric machine used in the context of the invention.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a rotary electrical machine according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the wound stator and of the rotor of the rotary electric machine of FIG. 2.
Figure 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the rotor and the wound stator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows graphical representations of the evolution of the ratio between the resistance of a stator conductor at high electrical frequency and the resistance of a stator conductor at low electrical frequency as a function of the radial dimension of an active portion of a stator conductor respectively for a rotor with 3 and 5 pairs of poles.
FIG. 6 represents the evolution of the total axial height of the rotary electric machine as a function of the number of pairs of poles of the rotor.
Identical, similar, or analogous elements retain the same reference from one figure to another.
In the following description, a front element means an element located on the side of the driving part such as on the side of the pinion carried by the machine shaft and by rear element an element located on the opposite side with respect to the axis of rotation X of the machine.
FIG. 2 shows a rotary electrical machine 10 comprising a polyphase stator surrounding a rotor 12 mounted on a shaft 13 extending along an axis X corresponding to the axis of the machine. The stator 11 surrounds the rotor with the presence of an air gap between the internal periphery of the stator 11 and the external periphery of the rotor 12. The stator 11 is mounted in a casing 14 provided with a front bearing 15 and a rear bearing 16 rotatably carrying the shaft 13.
This electric machine 10 may be intended to be coupled to a gearbox belonging to a traction chain of a motor vehicle. In another configuration, the electric machine 10 can be coupled to a vehicle crankshaft or even directly to the traction chain of the vehicle wheels. For example, the machine 10 can be coupled to a part of the vehicle by a pinion 17 as shown in FIG. 2. As a variant, the machine 10 can be coupled to a part of the vehicle by a pulley or any other coupling means.
The machine 10 is capable of operating in an alternator mode in particular to supply energy to the battery and to the on-board network of the vehicle, and in an engine mode, not only to ensure the starting of the heat engine of the vehicle, but also for participate in vehicle traction alone or in combination with the heat engine. As a variant, the electric machine 10 could be installed on an axle of a motor vehicle, in particular a rear axle. Alternatively, the electric machine 10 takes the form of an electric motor or a non-reversible generator. The power of the electric machine 10 is advantageously between 8 kW and 30 kW.
In the example of FIG. 2, the rotor 12 comprises a body 19 in the form of a pack of sheets. Permanent magnets 20 can be installed inside cavities 21 in a V-shaped configuration, as illustrated in FIG. 4, or can be installed radially inside the sheet pack, the lateral faces facing each other. screws of two consecutive magnets 20 can be of the same polarity, as illustrated in FIG. 3. The rotor 12 is then of the flux concentration type. Alternatively, the permanent magnets 20 extend ortho-radially inside the cavities 21 of the body 19. The magnets 20 may be made of rare earth or ferrite depending on the applications and the desired power of the machine 10.
Furthermore, as can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 4, the stator 11 comprises a body 24 constituted by a pack of sheets as well as an electrical coil 25. The body 24 is formed by a stack of sheets of independent sheets. from one another and held in the form of a package by means of a suitable fixing system. As can be seen in the figure
4, the body 24 is provided with teeth 28 delimiting two by two of the notches 30 for mounting the stator winding 25. Thus, two successive notches 30 are separated from each other by a tooth 28. Preferably, an outer diameter L1 of the body of stator 24 is between 80 and 180mm.
Advantageously, the outside diameter L1 of the stator body 24 is selected from one of the following values: 80, 90, 100, 110, 153, 161 and 180 mm.
The winding 25 comprises a set of phase windings 26 passing through the notches 30 and forming buns 33 projecting on either side of the stator body 24, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The outputs of the phase windings 26 are connected to an inverter 34 which can also operate as a rectifier bridge. To this end, the inverter 34 comprises power modules provided with power switching elements, such as MOS type transistors, connected to the phase outputs.
Each phase winding 26 can be formed from a plurality of conductors 35 constituted by pins 37. These pins 37 can have a U-shape whose ends of the branches are connected together for example by welding. As a variant, each phase winding 26 is formed from a continuous conducting wire wound inside the stator 11 in the notches 30 to form one or more turns. In all cases, a distinction is made between the active portions 40 of a conductor 35 situated inside the notches 30 and the connecting portions 41 connecting two adjacent active portions 40 to each other. The active portions 40 thus correspond to the portions of the conductors 35 extending axially inside the notches 30, while the connection portions 41 extend circumferentially inside the buns 33 to connect the active portions 40 together. The conductors 35 may for example be made of a material based on enameled copper.
The phase windings 26 are each associated with a series of notches 30, so that each notch 30 receives the conductors 35 of the same phase several times. Advantageously, the stator 11 comprises two three-phase systems, preferably independent, A1, B1, C1 and A2, B2, C2 each formed by three phase windings 26, as illustrated in FIG. 4. This makes it possible to guarantee the compactness of the inverter 34 by facilitating the arrangement of the power modules of the inverter 34 in a cylinder situated at the rear of the machine for the integrated systems (and. FIG. 2) or in a substantially rectangular space on the side machine 10.
Each three-phase system A1, B1, C1; A2, B2, C2 is coupled in a triangle in order to optimize the compactness of the electric machine 10. Indeed, compared to a double star type coupling, the double triangle coupling makes it possible to avoid the integration of the neutral bars in the wound stator 11 which are relatively bulky.
Each three-phase system A1, B1, C1; A2, B2, C2 is electrically connected to a module independent of the inverter 34. Each independent module comprises power elements and a control module dedicated to the corresponding three-phase system. The two independent modules are housed in the same housing of the inverter 34 covering the rear bearing. The inverter 34 is preferably connected to a DC bus having a voltage between 30 and 60 volts.
In this example, two consecutive notches 30 of a series associated with a phase are separated by adjacent notches 30 each corresponding to another series of notches associated with one of the other phases. Thus, when there are K phases, the conductors 35 of the same phase winding 26 are inserted every K + 1st notch. For example, if the winding of phase A1 is inserted in notch n ° 1, it is then inserted in the 7th notch for a machine with two three-phase systems, i.e. K = 6. It should be noted that in the configuration shown in FIG. 4, the phases of the two systems are alternated along the circumference of the stator 11. In this example, considering the circumferential direction, the first notch includes phase A1, the second notch phase A2, the third notch comprises phase B1, the fourth notch comprises phase B2, the fifth notch comprises phase C1 and the sixth notch comprises phase C2. In a variant of the embodiment, another phase configuration can be envisaged.
The conductors 35 advantageously have a substantially rectangular section at least in their active portion 40 and are aligned radially with respect to each other inside the corresponding notch 30. Such a winding configuration stored with conductors 35 of substantially rectangular section makes it possible to reduce the height of the chignon 33 and promotes the compactness of the machine compared to a random winding in round wire. According to a particular embodiment of continuous wire winding, the conductive wires may be stamped only in the active portions 40 and have a round section in the connecting portions 41. The substantially rectangular section of the active portions 40 may have rounded corners so not to damage the enamel. Alternatively, the conductors 35 may have a substantially square section.
The number of conductors 35 inside each notch 30 is advantageously strictly greater than two in order to have a degree of freedom in terms of choice of the number of turns per phase winding 26. Preferably, the number of conductors 35 by notch is even. It is here equal to 4 but could alternatively be different, and in particular equal to 6, 8 or 10.
At high electrical frequency and therefore at high speed of rotation, the conductors 35 are subjected to dandruff and proximity effects which result in making the current density in the conductor 35 non-uniform. This results in an increase in the apparent resistance of the conductor 35. It is customary to quantify this increase in resistance by a ratio between the high frequency AC resistance and the DC resistance of the same conductor 35 at very low frequency of a few Hertz.
The electrical resistance therefore depends on the temperature, the dimensions of the stator 11, the dimensions of the conductors, and the electrical frequency fe, which is linked to the speed of rotation N in revolutions per minute of the machine by the following formula: fe = (Nxp) / 60, p being the number of pole pairs of rotor 12.
The increase in this resistance produces additional joule losses and involves the increase in the size of the electric machine 10 in order to be able to evacuate the calories, for example by increasing the size of a coolant chamber 44 described more in detail. details below.
The main factor influencing the resistance AC is the radial length L2 of the conductor 35 inside the notch 30, as well as the electrical frequency fe linked to the polarity of the rotor 12 for the same speed of rotation.
FIG. 5 represents, for an electric machine 10 having a stator diameter L1 of the order of 160 mm and a rotation speed of 20,000 revolutions / min, the evolution of the ratio between the AC resistance of a high stator conductor frequency and DC resistance of this low frequency stator conductor 35 as a function of the radial length L2 of the active portion 40 of a conductor 35 respectively for a rotor with 3 pairs of poles (cf. curve C5) and 5 pairs of poles (see curve C6).
It follows that, for a given limit Lim of losses evacuatable by the electric machine 10, the maximum radial length L2 of the conductor 35 is 3.6 mm for a machine with five pairs of poles. Such a value guarantees a suitable behavior for a machine with three pairs of poles whose AC / DC ratio is overall lower than that of the machine with five pairs of poles.
Furthermore, the orthoradial length L3 of an active portion 40 is greater than or equal to 1.4mm. This length L3 has little effect on the resistance AC of the conductors 35. In fact, as can be seen in FIG. 5 by the different points C7, for a given radial length L2 and by varying the orthoradial length L3 of the conductors 35, the value of the AC / DC ratio varies only very slightly.
FIG. 6 represents the evolution of the total axial height L4 of the stator 11 of the electric machine 10 (cf. FIG. 2) as a function of the number of pairs of poles p of the rotor 12. By axial height is meant the distance between the two ends of the front and rear bunches 33. This figure shows that a rotor 12 having less than three pairs of poles leads to increasing the total height L4 of the machine, insofar as the height of the buns 33 is substantially proportional to polarity. In fact, the fewer poles there are in the machine, the more the distance between the poles increases. Thus, the notches traversed by the same phase winding are more distant from each other and the portions of the conductors forming the buns must therefore be larger. On the contrary, a polarity of more than five pairs of poles generates too many losses. Under these conditions, the optimal polarity is between 3 and 5 pairs of poles, that is to say that the rotor 12 may comprise 3 or 4 or 5 pairs of poles.
The rotary electrical machine 10 may include a coolant circuit comprising an inlet and a coolant outlet for circulating the liquid in a chamber 44 arranged at the outer periphery of the stator 11, as shown in FIG. 2. The electrical machine 10 can thus be cooled by water or by oil. In an alternative embodiment, the machine can be cooled by air, for example by means of a fan.
Of course, the foregoing description has been given by way of example only and does not limit the scope of the invention from which one would not depart by replacing the various elements with any other equivalent.
Furthermore, the various features, variants, and / or embodiments of the present invention can be combined with one another in various combinations, insofar as they are not incompatible or mutually exclusive of one another.
权利要求:
Claims (13)
[1" id="c-fr-0001]
1. Rotating electric motor vehicle machine comprising
- a rotor (12) extending along an axis of rotation (X) comprising at least one permanent magnet (20), and
5 -a stator (11) surrounding the rotor and comprising a body (24) provided with a plurality of notches (30) and an electric winding (25), the winding (25) comprising phase windings (26) arranged in the notches (30), each phase winding (26) being formed by at least one conductor (35), the machine being (10) characterized in that:
- the rotor (12) has 3 or 4 or 5 pairs of poles,
-the stator (11) comprises two three-phase systems (A1, B1, C1; A
[2" id="c-fr-0002]
2, B2, C2) each formed by three phase windings (26) coupled in a triangle,
15 - the number of conductors (35) per notch (30) is strictly greater than 2 and each conductor (35) has an active portion (40) inserted in a corresponding notch (30), the active portion (40) of substantially section rectangular with a radial length (L2) less than or equal to 3.6 mm.
20 2. Rotating electric machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the two three-phase systems are independent of each other and in that it comprises an inverter (34) comprising two independent modules each connected to a three-phase system (A1, B1, C1; A2, B2, C2).
[3" id="c-fr-0003]
3. Rotating electric machine according to claim 2, characterized
25 in that the inverter (34) is connected to a DC bus having a voltage between 30 and 60 volts.
[4" id="c-fr-0004]
4. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an orthoradial length (L3) of an active portion (40) of a conductor is greater than or equal to 1.4 mm.
[5" id="c-fr-0005]
5. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that an outside diameter (L1) of the stator body (24) is between 80 mm and 180 mm.
[6" id="c-fr-0006]
6. rotary electric machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the outside diameter (L1) of the stator body (24) is selected from one of the following values: 80, 90, 100, 110, 153, 161 and 180 millimeters .
[7" id="c-fr-0007]
7. rotary electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a maximum power of îo said rotary electric machine (10) is between 8 kW and 30 kW.
[8" id="c-fr-0008]
8. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of conductors (35) per notch (30) is even.
[9" id="c-fr-0009]
9. Rotating electric machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of conductors (35) per notch (30) is equal to 4.
[10" id="c-fr-0010]
10. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the conductors (35) are aligned radially with respect to each other inside a corresponding notch (30).
20
[11" id="c-fr-0011]
11. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each phase winding (26) is formed from a plurality of conductors taking in particular the form of pins (37) electrically connected between they.
[12" id="c-fr-0012]
12. Rotating electric machine according to any one of
25 claims 1 to 10, characterized in that each phase winding (26) is formed from a continuous conductor.
[13" id="c-fr-0013]
13. Rotating electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it takes the form of a motor, a generator, or a reversible electric machine.
1/3
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同族专利:
公开号 | 公开日
WO2018177896A1|2018-10-04|
CN110462996A|2019-11-15|
US20210111614A1|2021-04-15|
KR20190120336A|2019-10-23|
JP2020512806A|2020-04-23|
FR3064834B1|2019-04-05|
EP3602755A1|2020-02-05|
KR102362548B1|2022-02-11|
引用文献:
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FR3098040A1|2019-06-26|2021-01-01|Valeo Equipements Electriques Moteur|WATER-COOLED ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE|
FR3098041B1|2019-06-26|2021-11-05|Valeo Equip Electr Moteur|OIL COOLED ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE|
CN112467913A|2019-09-06|2021-03-09|中车时代电动汽车股份有限公司|Double-winding permanent magnet motor|
法律状态:
2018-03-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
2018-10-05| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20181005 |
2020-03-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
2021-03-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
优先权:
申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
FR1752610|2017-03-29|
FR1752610A|FR3064834B1|2017-03-29|2017-03-29|ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED CONFIGURATION|FR1752610A| FR3064834B1|2017-03-29|2017-03-29|ROTATING ELECTRICAL MACHINE WITH OPTIMIZED CONFIGURATION|
US16/498,948| US20210111614A1|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotary electrical machine with an optimised configuration|
KR1020197028576A| KR102362548B1|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotating electric machine with optimized configuration|
CN201880019390.3A| CN110462996A|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotating electric machine with preferred arrangement|
EP18712219.7A| EP3602755A1|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotating electrical machine with optimised arrangement|
PCT/EP2018/057345| WO2018177896A1|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotating electrical machine with optimised arrangement|
JP2019553213A| JP2020512806A|2017-03-29|2018-03-22|Rotating electric machine with optimized configuration|
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