• 专利附录
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    • 专利摘要:
    This protection device (2) for an electric circuit (1) comprises a pyrotechnic breaking block comprising a pyrotechnic switch (21) and a first fuse (22) in parallel with the breaking block. The protection device further comprises: - an independent triggering circuit (20), comprising: • a control module (24) adapted to develop a trigger signal and • a second fuse (23) connected in series with the block switching circuit and adapted to supply a supply voltage to the control module (24) for generating the trigger signal, - an external trigger circuit (25) for receiving and transmitting a trip signal to the breaking block. The independent and external trigger circuits are electrically isolated from each other.
    公开号:FR3063570A1
    申请号:FR1751749
    申请日:2017-03-03
    公开日:2018-09-07
    发明作者:Thibaut Chailloux；Remy OUAIDA；Jean-Francois de Palma
    申请人:Mersen France SB SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    ® FRENCH REPUBLIC
    NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL PROPERTY © Publication number: 3,063,570 (to be used only for reproduction orders)
    ©) National registration number: 17 51749
    COURBEVOIE © IntCI 8 : H 01 H 39/00 (2017.01), H 01 H 9/10
    A1 PATENT APPLICATION
    ©) Date of filing: 03.03.17. © Applicant (s): MERSEN FRANCE SB SAS Company (30) Priority: by simplified shares - FR. @ Inventor (s): OUAIDA REMY and DE PALMA JEAN- FRANÇOIS. (43) Date of public availability of the request: 07.09.18 Bulletin 18/36. ©) List of documents cited in the report preliminary research: Refer to end of present booklet (© References to other national documents ® Holder (s): MERSEN FRANCE SB SAS Company by related: simplified actions. ©) Extension request (s): (© Agent (s): LAVOIX.
    DUAL CONTROL PROTECTION DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT AND ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT COMPRISING SAID PROTECTION DEVICE.
    FR 3 063 570 - A1
    This protection device (2) for an electrical circuit (1) comprises a pyrotechnic cut-off block comprising a pyrotechnic switch (21) and a first fuse (22) in parallel with the cut-off block. The protection device also includes:
    - an autonomous trip circuit (20), comprising:
    a control module (24) adapted to generate a tripping signal and a second fuse (23), connected in series with the cut-off block and capable of supplying a supply voltage to the control module (24) to produce the signal trigger,
    - an external trip circuit (25) for receiving and transmitting a trip signal to the cut-off block.
    The autonomous and external trip circuits are electrically isolated from each other.
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    Dual control protection device for an electric circuit and electric circuit comprising this protection device
    The present invention relates to a dual control protection device for an electrical circuit, as well as an electrical circuit equipped with such a protection device.
    In the field of protection of electrical circuits, it is known to use an electrical protection device or component capable of opening the electrical circuit when it is crossed by an electric fault current, such as an overload current or a short-circuit current, in order to prevent the flow of current.
    In this regard, several protection devices exist, such as fuses. In a known manner, a fuse is a dipole which uses the Joule effect of the electric current which crosses it to, in the event of overcurrent, melt an electric conductor which opens the electric circuit and thus prevents the electric current from circulating. The fuses are sized according to the intensity of the fault currents that the device must protect, as well as its opening time.
    There are also known pyrotechnic circuit breakers, also called "pyrotechnic switch" or "pyroswitch" in English. A limitation of pyrotechnic circuit breakers is today their low capacity to cut their current under high voltages, for example voltages greater than 50 volts. Indeed, during a high voltage cut, there is the appearance of an electric arc which can cause the device to explode. In addition, in order to guarantee the interruption of the current, the pyrotechnic circuit-breakers are often bulky.
    It is also known to use a hybrid protection device in which two different electrical protection components, such as a fuse and a pyrotechnic circuit breaker, are electrically connected in parallel with each other. US Pat. No. 7,875,997-B1 describes an example of such a device. The paralleling between these two components brings many advantages. Firstly, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker being less resistive than the fuse, the majority of the electric current normally flows in the pyrotechnic circuit breaker. When the protection trips under a fault current, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker opens in response to a trip signal. The fuse being at this stage always closed, it short-circuits the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, avoiding the appearance of an electric arc within the latter. Then, the fuse blows under the effect of the flow of electric current. The flow of current is thus interrupted.
    Such a protection device can thus be used with high electrical voltages which are higher than the limit voltage of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker, up to a voltage level equivalent to the fuse rating. As the fuse is crossed only by weak currents in normal use, its dimensioning can be reduced, which reduces its cost and its cut-off time.
    In such a device, the pyrotechnic circuit breaker requires a control unit adapted to supply a trigger signal in order to trigger the opening of the pyrotechnic circuit breaker. Such a control unit typically comprises means for measuring the current and a data processing unit equipped with a microcontroller, and requires being supplied with energy.
    This creates a safety problem because, when the energy supply source fails, the protection device is no longer triggered, even in the event of a fault current. This problem arises in particular when the protection device is used within an electrical circuit supplied by an electric battery, typically in an electric motor vehicle. To prevent a battery failure from jeopardizing the triggering of the protection device, this protection device must be able to be triggered independently, even in the absence of an external power supply.
    It is to these drawbacks that the invention more particularly intends to remedy, by proposing a protection device for an electrical circuit, which can be triggered by an external control unit and which can also be triggered independently, even in the event of a malfunction. of the control unit, while having satisfactory electrical safety.
    In this spirit, the invention relates to a protection device for an electrical circuit configured to transmit an electric current, the protection device comprising:
    - a pyrotechnic cut-off block comprising at least one pyrotechnic switch,
    - a first fuse, connected in parallel with the pyrotechnic cut-off block, the pyrotechnic cut-off block being adapted so that the opening of at least one pyrotechnic switch is triggered in response to a trigger signal. The protection device is characterized in that it further comprises:
    - an autonomous trip circuit, comprising:
    • a control module connected to the cut-off block and suitable for producing a tripping signal, • a second fuse, connected in series with the cut-off block and capable of supplying a supply voltage to the control module to develop the signal tripping when the electric current flowing through the second fuse exceeds a threshold value,
    - an external trigger circuit, connected to the cut-off block and comprising control electrodes to receive and transmit a trigger signal to the cut-off block, and in that the independent and external trigger circuits are electrically isolated from one of the other to prevent a return of the supply voltage to the control electrodes.
    Thanks to the invention, the external tripping circuit allows a control unit to send a tripping signal to the cut-off block, so as to force the tripping of at least one pyrotechnic switch. The autonomous tripping circuit also allows tripping of the cut-off block in the event of an overcurrent of the current flowing in the circuit, even in the absence of a tripping signal emitted on the external tripping circuit. Here, the second fuse provides information on the presence of an electrical fault current, by generating a supply voltage necessary for the operation of the control module. The control circuit then generates a trip signal to the cut-off block. The autonomous and external tripping circuits are electrically isolated from each other to prevent the electric voltage generated by the second fuse or that part of the electric control current flowing to the control area from going up to the external triggering, in order to avoid a safety fault.
    According to advantageous but not compulsory aspects of the invention, such a protection device comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in any technically admissible combination:
    - The cut-off block includes a pyrotechnic switch, the external tripping circuit is connected to a control zone of the pyrotechnic switch and the autonomous tripping circuit is connected to the same control zone of the same pyrotechnic switch, via of a diode bridge.
    - The diode bridge includes:
    first and second diodes connected head to tail and respectively forming first and second branches of the diode bridge, and
    - third and fourth diodes connected head to tail and respectively forming third and fourth branches of the diode bridge,
    - an electrical conductor which connects a first junction point between the first and second branches of the diode bridge to a first conductor of the external trip circuit, and the control module connects a second junction point between the third and fourth branches of the bridge of diodes to a second conductor of the external trip circuit, the first and second conductors connecting the control electrodes to the control area.
    - The second conductor comprises a protective diode, connected between the control module and the control electrodes and being arranged to allow only the passage of electric current towards the control zone along this second conductor.
    - The cut-off unit includes first and second pyrotechnic switches connected in series with each other, while the autonomous tripping circuit is connected to a control zone of the first pyrotechnic switch and the external tripping circuit is connected to a control zone for the second pyrotechnic switch.
    - The cut-off block includes a pyrotechnic switch including a cut-off zone, a first control zone and a second control zone, the first and second control zones being independent of each other, each control zone being adapted to receive a trigger signal and, in response, cause the cut-off zone to be cut, the autonomous trigger circuit being connected to the first control zone, the external trigger circuit being connected to the second control zone.
    - The control module is a resistor, preferably with a value between 5 Ω and 50 Ω.
    - The breaking current of the second fuse is equal to a nominal value of electric current, this nominal current value being defined as being the maximum value of the current expected to flow in the device in normal operation, and the breaking voltage of the first fuse is equal to a nominal value of electrical voltage, this nominal value of voltage being defined as being the maximum value of voltage intended to be applied to the terminals of the device in normal operation.
    - The breaking current of the first fuse is at least four times less than or equal to the nominal value of electric current, and the breaking voltage of the second fuse is at least four times less or equal to the nominal value of electric voltage.
    The invention also relates to an electric circuit configured to be supplied by an electric current, the electric circuit being equipped with a protection device as mentioned above.
    The invention will be better understood and other advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the light of the description which follows, of a device for protecting an electrical circuit according to the invention, given solely by way of 'example and not limiting and make reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
    - Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a protection device according to the invention and an electrical circuit comprising this protection device;
    - Figures 2 to 4 are schematic representations of the protection device of Figure 1 in successive configurations during its operation;
    - Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a protection device according to the invention and an electrical circuit comprising this protection device;
    - Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of a protection device according to the invention and an electrical circuit comprising this protection device.
    FIG. 1 represents an electrical circuit 1 equipped with a protection device 2 and comprising an electrical charge 3 to be protected. The circuit 1 is configured to be supplied by an electric current I. For this, it is intended to be connected to a current source, not illustrated, by means of supply terminals 11 and 12. This current source delivers a current direct or alternating, the choice of the nature of this current being made according to the load 3.
    The protection device 2 is intended to open the electrical circuit 1 when it is crossed by an electric fault current.
    Within the meaning of the present description, an electric fault current is an electric current having an intensity greater than or equal to a nominal value of current l n , also called nominal current l n . This nominal current value l n is defined as being the maximum value of the current expected to flow in the protection device 2 in normal operation. It is predetermined according to the nature of the electrical circuit 1.
    Thus, in what follows, the electric fault current is defined as the sum l n + ld, where l d denotes an overcurrent. The fault electric current is, for example, an overload current or a short-circuit current and constitutes a safety risk for the electric load 3 of the electric circuit 1.
    The maximum electrical potential difference that can be applied between the terminals of the protection device 2 by supplying the electrical load 3, without interruption by the protection device 2, is called the nominal voltage value and denoted V n in the following. This nominal voltage value is also determined as a function of the nature of the electrical circuit 1. The choice of the nominal current values l n and of the nominal voltage value V n depends on the nature of the electrical load 3 to be protected.
    The protection device 2 here comprises a first conductor 201 and a second conductor 202. In this example, the first conductor 201 forms a conductor said to be input of the electric current, and the second conductor 202 forms a conductor said to output the electric current . However, in practice, electric current can flow in one direction or the other. The load 3 is connected to the input conductor 201. The conductors 201 and 202 are configured to connect the protection device 2 to the rest of the electrical circuit 1 and thus to allow the passage of any electrical current.
    In normal operating conditions, that is to say in the absence of an electric fault current, the electric current I which flows between the conductors 201 and 202 is less than or equal to the nominal current value l n and the voltage electrical across the conductors 201 and 202 is less than or equal to the nominal value of voltage V n .
    The protection device 2 also comprises a first fuse 22 and a second fuse 23 electrically connected in series between the conductors 201 and 202. The first fuse 22 is connected to the output conductor 202, while the second fuse 23 is connected in series between the input conductor 201 and the first fuse 22. Note 203 an intermediate conductor connecting the fuses 22 and 23 to each other, which is therefore interposed between the conductors 201 and 202.
    In known manner, a fuse is a dipole whose terminals are electrically connected to each other only by a conductive element which is capable of being destroyed, generally by fusion due to the Joule effect, when an electric current which exceeds a threshold value. This threshold value is here called "breaking current".
    The cut-off voltage of a fuse, called “rated voltage” in English, is defined here as being the maximum value of electrical voltage at the terminals of the fuse for which the fuse can interrupt the flow of current when the conductive element has been destroy. When a fuse has started to blow, if a voltage higher than this cut-off voltage is applied between its terminals, then an electric arc is formed between its terminals and continues there, allowing the circulation of an electric current.
    In what follows, a fuse is said to be “blown” when the conducting element has been destroyed and that no electric arc can form taking into account the values of the electric voltages present in the electric circuit 1. It then forms a circuit electrically open through which no electric current can flow.
    A fuse is said to be “blowing” when the electric current passing through it has exceeded the breaking current, causing the conductive element to start to melt, but the electric voltage across its terminals is higher than the breaking voltage. of this fuse, causing the appearance of an electric arc between its terminals. The electric arc continues as long as the fuse is blowing.
    The first and second fuses 22 and 23 have different ratings. In particular, the breaking current l 22 of the first fuse 22 is significantly lower than the nominal current value l n . By "clearly" here is meant that the breaking current is at least four times, for example ten times or fifty times lower than the nominal current value l n .
    This dimensioning is made possible by the fact that the first fuse 22 is normally not intended to be crossed by the nominal current l n . The breaking current l 23 of the second fuse 23 is, in practice to within 1% or 3%, the nominal value l n . Thus, the breaking current l 22 of the first fuse 22 is much lower than the breaking current l 23 of the second fuse 23.
    The cut-off voltage V 22 of the first fuse 22 is, in practice to within 1% or 3%, the nominal value of voltage V n . The cut-off voltage V 23 of the second fuse 23 is much lower than the nominal value of voltage V n . By "markedly" is meant here that the cut-off voltage is at least four times, for example five times or ten times lower than the nominal voltage value V n . Thus, the cut-off voltage V 23 of the second fuse 23 is much lower than the cut-off voltage V 22 of the first fuse 22.
    The protection device 2 also comprises a pyrotechnic cut-off block, which comprises at least one pyrotechnic switch 21. The cut-off block is adapted so that the opening of the at least one pyrotechnic switch 21 is triggered in response to a trigger signal, also called control signal, noted “S” in the following. The pyrotechnic cut-off block is here connected between the conductors 202 and 203, in parallel with the first fuse 22, so that the triggering of the opening of the pyrotechnic switch 21 leads to an opening of the circuit 1.
    In this embodiment, the pyrotechnic cut-off block comprises a single pyrotechnic switch 21. In what follows, the pyrotechnic block is therefore assimilated to this pyrotechnic switch 21. Thus, the pyrotechnic switch 21 is directly connected to the conductors 202 and 203 .
    In other words, the pyroelectric switch 21 is connected in parallel to the first fuse 22, between the intermediate conductor 203 and the output conductor 202.
    The pyroelectric switch 21 has a first zone 212 and a second zone 211. The first zone 212 is called the control zone and is capable of receiving the trigger signal S. In practice, the trigger signal S is an electric current l s trigger which is transmitted to the control zone 212. The second zone 211 is called the power zone.
    The power zone 211 is the part of the pyroelectric switch 21 which is electrically connected in parallel to the first fuse 22. It is configured to allow the passage of electric current I. In particular, the power zone 211 has an electrical resistance which is much lower than that of the first fuse 8, for example at least ten times lower.
    Thus, when the electric current I passes through the protection device 2, it can be considered that such an electric current passes through the second fuse 23 and the power zone 211 of the pyroelectric switch 21, since only a negligible part of the electric current passes through the first fuse 22.
    In practice, in the case where an electric current greater than the nominal current l n passes through the protection device 2, the second fuse 23 begins to melt and an electric arc A, as visible in FIG. 2, begins to appear between its terminals. The portion of electric current flowing through the first fuse 22 is not of sufficient intensity to trigger the blowing of the first fuse 22. Thus, the second fuse 23 is dimensioned and arranged to start blowing before the first fuse 22.
    The control zone 212 of the pyroelectric switch 21 includes a resistor 213 capable of heating when it is crossed by an electric current.
    In a manner known per se, the pyroelectric switch 21 also includes an explosive agent, for example an explosive powder, and a cutting element, such as a piston or a guillotine, not illustrated. The breaking element is made of electrically insulating material, for example plastic. It is able to cut the power zone 211.
    In practice, when the resistance 213 of the control zone 212 is crossed by an electric current greater than a threshold value, for example equal to 2 amperes, the resistance 213 heats up and triggers the detonation of the explosive agent. This detonation switches the cut-off element from a first position, where it is distant from the power zone 211, to a second position, where it cuts the power zone 211 so as to interrupt the passage of electric current in the electric circuit 1. This electric current thus plays the role of trigger signal S.
    For example, the pyrotechnic switch 21 is the component sold by the company AIRBUS SAFRAN LAUNCHERS under the reference "IPS".
    The triggering of the pyrotechnic switch 21, and therefore the opening of the device 2, are controlled by the trigger signal S.
    This trigger signal S can here be supplied in two different ways to control the device 2: either from outside the device 2, for example by means of a dedicated control unit which generates and sends the trigger signal S to the device 2, either independently, the trigger signal S then being generated by the device 2 itself.
    To this end, the device 2 comprises an autonomous trigger circuit 20 and an external trigger circuit 25.
    The external trigger circuit 25 is intended to receive and transmit, to the pyrotechnic switch 21, a trigger signal S received from outside the device 2.
    Here, the external trigger circuit 25 is connected to the control zone 212 of the pyrotechnic switch 21. In this example, the external trigger circuit 25 includes control electrodes 250, here two in number, and electrical conductors 251, 252 which connect each control electrode 250 to a terminal of the resistor 213 of the control area 212. The control electrodes 250 are intended to be connected to an external control unit, not shown, which is configured to generate a corresponding trigger signal S when it detects the presence of a fault current in circuit 1 and to inject this trigger signal S to the control zone 212. For example, this detection is carried out by measurement means, such as than a current sensor, not illustrated, which measure the value of the electric current flowing in circuit 1.
    The conductors 251 and 252 are for example each associated with a polarity which depends on the external control unit, which defines the normal direction of flow of the trigger current corresponding to the trigger signal S emitted by this control unit. As an illustrative example, the conductor 251 is here associated with a negative polarity while the conductor 252 is associated with a positive polarity.
    In practice, the trigger circuit 25 is here located inside a box of the device 2, the electrodes 250 being nevertheless accessible from outside this box.
    The autonomous trigger circuit 20 is intended to generate and transmit a trigger signal S within the device 2 in the event of the occurrence of the fault current without the need for an external trigger signal.
    For this purpose, the autonomous tripping circuit 20 comprises the second fuse as well as a control circuit, or control module 24. The autonomous tripping circuit 20 is connected to the control zone 212 of the pyrotechnic switch 21, here to resistor 213, to transmit the trigger signal S.
    The control circuit 24 is configured to generate and transmit the trip signal S. The control circuit 24 is connected between the second fuse 23 and the control area 212. Thus, the trip current l s passes through the resistor 213 and trips the pyroelectric switch 12.
    In known manner, the control circuit 24 can comprise one or more active and / or passive electrical components for the generation and transmission of the trigger signal S. In particular, the control circuit 24 does not here comprise a power source internal.
    In this example, the control circuit 24 is formed of a resistor, the value of which is preferably between 5 Ω and 50 Ω, more preferably greater than or equal to 10 Ω and less than or equal to 20 Ω.
    In this example, the electrical resistance of the control circuit 24 is subjected to the supply voltage V generated at the terminals of the second fuse 23. Here, the value of the resistance 213 is less than ten times or a hundred times the value of the resistance of the control circuit 24. It is therefore the value of this latter resistance which sizes the value of the current l s transmitted to the control area 212.
    According to a variant which is not shown in the figures, the control circuit comprises a potentiometer capable of controlling the trip current l s transmitted to the pyroelectric switch 21. In practice, the potentiometer is configured to modulate the intensity of the current electric l s which is supplied to the control zone 212 of the pyroelectric switch 21. Thus, the potentiometer of the control circuit 24 is configured to control the opening speed of the pyroelectric switch 21.
    Thanks to the autonomous trigger circuit 20, the opening of the pyrotechnic switch 21 is controlled in the event of an electrical fault, even when the outdoor control unit does not operate, for example following the loss of the external power supply on which it depends.
    The autonomous trigger circuit 20 and the external trigger circuit 25 are electrically isolated from each other, to prevent a return of the supply voltage V to the control electrodes.
    This electrical insulation makes it possible in particular to prevent the electrical voltage V generated by the second fuse 23 when it is being blown from being present at the terminals of the electrodes 250, which would pose an unacceptable risk of safety for the control circuit or for a user outside the device 2.
    In this embodiment, the autonomous tripping circuit 20 and the external tripping circuit 25 are both connected to the control zone 212 of the pyrotechnic switch 21, and therefore are connected to the resistor 213. The electrical insulation between the autonomous 20 and external trigger circuits 25 is then produced by means of a diode bridge 26 which equips the device 2.
    More specifically, the autonomous control circuit 20 is connected to the control zone 212 by means of the diode bridge 26. This diode bridge 26 is here incorporated in the autonomous control circuit 20 as explained below.
    In this example, the diode bridge 26 comprises first and second diodes 261, 262 connected head to tail and respectively forming first and second branches of the diode bridge 26, and also comprises third and fourth diodes 263, 264 connected head- spade and respectively forming third and fourth branches of the diode bridge 26.
    The diode bridge 26 further comprises an additional electrical conductor 204, which connects a first junction point between the first and second branches of the diode bridge 26 to the electrical conductor 251 of the external trip circuit 25.
    The control module 24 connects a second junction point between the third and fourth branches of the diode bridge 26 to the conductor 252 of the external trip circuit 25.
    In this example, the anodes of diodes 261 and 262 are connected to the first junction point, while the cathodes of diodes 263 and 264 are connected to the second junction point. The cathodes of diodes 261 and 262 are connected, respectively, to the anodes of diodes 263 and 264.
    For example, the diodes 261, 262, 263 and 264 are identical and have the same threshold voltage. Preferably, the threshold voltage is chosen as a function of the operating voltage of the electrical circuit 1. For example, if the circuit 1 is intended to operate under a voltage of 1000V, then the threshold voltage is chosen to be equal to 1000V.
    In addition, the external trigger circuit 25 also includes a protection diode 253, connected to the conductor 252 between the control circuit 24 and the corresponding control electrode 250. The anode of the protection diode 253 is connected to the control electrode 250. Thus, the protection diode 253 advantageously participates in the electrical insulation between the autonomous 20 and external trigger circuits 25.
    This electrical isolation prevents the triggering current I s back to the control electrodes 250, here along the conductor 252 of positive polarity, which also poses a security risk.
    As a variant, the protection diode 253 can be placed differently within the trigger circuit 25, depending on the polarity associated with the conductors 251 and 252 and the way in which the control circuit 24 and the additional conductor 204 are connected to the conductors. 251 and 252.
    Preferably, the protection device 2 also includes a galvanic isolation device 254, here integrated into the external tripping circuit 25 to electrically isolate the electrodes 250 from the conductors 251, 252. This isolation device 254 makes it possible to improve the electrical isolation of the protection device 2, in particular in the event of failure of one of the diodes 253 or 261, 262, 263 and 264. The electrical safety of the device 2 is thus improved.
    For example, the isolation device 254 comprises an electrical transformer, the primary winding of which is connected to the conductors 251, 252 and the secondary winding of which is connected to the electrodes 250. The transformer has the advantage of being able to operate without a specific electrical supply . As a variant, the isolation device 254 can be different, for example comprising an optocoupler.
    The protective device 2 is therefore able to be controlled in two different ways, independently or externally. The device 2 can therefore be used in circuits 1 which are equipped with a dedicated control unit. The autonomous control nevertheless makes it possible to ensure the triggering of the device 2 in the event of an electrical fault even in the event of accidental loss of the electrical supply on which the control unit depends.
    Thanks to this arrangement, a single pyroelectric switch 21 is necessary, which reduces the cost and reduces the manufacture of the device 2.
    The diode bridge 26 ensures electrical isolation between the autonomous triggering circuits 20 and external 25, while allowing the flow of electric current I in one direction or the other within the circuit 1. This is particularly interesting in electrical circuits 1 supplied by a rechargeable electric battery, in which the electric current I can change direction over time.
    An example of operation of the protection device 2 is now described, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. During its opening, the protection device 2 is in different successive configurations C1, C2, C3, and C4, namely: a closing configuration C1, a first intermediate configuration C2, a second intermediate configuration C3 and an opening configuration C4.
    In the closing configuration C1 shown in FIG. 1, the electric current I which supplies the electric circuit 1 is less than the nominal current l n and therefore the first and second fuses 22 and 23 are not blown.
    In the first intermediate configuration C2 represented in FIG. 2, the electric current I which supplies the electric circuit 1 is greater than the threshold value l n , for example following the appearance of an electric fault in the circuit 1 The second fuse 23 begins to blow, and the electric arc A appears between its terminals. This electric arc A causes the appearance of the electric supply voltage V, which is then supplied to the control circuit 24. In fact, the cut-off voltage V 23 of the second fuse 23 is chosen so that the arc electric A remains present between its terminals while it is melting, as long as current I flows.
    The control circuit 24 is supplied by the voltage V and generates the trigger signal S, in the form of the current l s , which it transmits to the electrical resistance 213 of the control area 212, via the bridge of diodes 26. Since the control circuit 24 is a passive circuit, the supply voltage V supplied by the second fuse 23 here represents the only source of power for the control circuit 24. The circulation of current in the resistor 213 causes the ignition of the explosive agent, which causes the cut-off element to switch to its second position so as to cut the power zone 211 and prevent the flow of current therein.
    At this point, the pyroelectric switch 21 is tripped and the first fuse 22 is closed. The device 2 is then in the second intermediate configuration C3 shown in FIG. 3. Thus, the electric current I passes through the first fuse 22.
    Thanks to the diode bridge 26, the voltage V is not present at the terminals of the electrodes 250 and the current l s cannot go up by the conductor 252 towards the control electrodes 250 of the external trip circuit 25.
    In the opening configuration C4 shown in Figure 4, the first and second fuses 22 and 23 are blown. Indeed, from the moment the protection device 2 reaches the second intermediate configuration C3, the electric fault current causes the first fuse 22 to blow after a predetermined period of time, here of the order of a few milliseconds, which depends characteristics of the first fuse 22. As the value of the breaking current l 22 of the first fuse 22 is chosen to be much lower than the value of the nominal current l n , the first fuse 22 blows quickly when it is crossed by the current I. The cut-off voltage V 22 of the first fuse being equal to the nominal value V n , the fuse blows quickly and the electric arc across its terminals does not remain established for a long time, unlike the second fuse 23.
    Thus, the protection device 2 guarantees the opening of the electric circuit 1, since no electric arc is installed at the terminals of the power zone 211.
    According to a variant, not illustrated, the device 2 comprises several cut-off blocks, each formed by a pyrotechnic switch similar to the pyrotechnic switch 21, the respective power zones of these pyrotechnic switches, being electrically connected in parallel with each other and with the first fuse 22. The autonomous 20 and external 25 control circuits are for their part connected to the respective control zones of these pyrotechnic switches to simultaneously trigger the opening thereof in response to a trigger signal S. This makes it possible to cut off a current electric I having a high intensity, greater than the maximum breaking intensity of each pyrotechnic switch taken individually.
    FIG. 5 represents an electrical circuit 1 ’comprising a protection device 2’ according to a second embodiment of the invention, for protecting an electrical charge 3.
    The elements of the protection device 2 'according to this embodiment which are analogous to the protection device 2 of the first embodiment bear the same references and are not described in detail, insofar as the above description can be given to them. transposed.
    The protection device 2 'differs in particular from the protection device 2 in that the pyrotechnic cut-off unit comprises at least two pyrotechnic switches connected in series with one another, here denoted 21 and 21'. More specifically, the power zones 211 and 211 ’of the switches 21, 21’ are connected in series with each other between the conductors 203 and 202.
    We note 212 ’and 213’ the control zone and the corresponding resistance of the pyrotechnic switch 21 ’. For example, the pyrotechnic switch 21 ’is similar to the pyrotechnic switch 21, or even identical.
    The protection device 2 'differs in particular from the protection device 2 in that it comprises autonomous trigger circuits 20' and external trigger 25 'which replace the trigger circuits 20 and 25. The trigger circuits 20', 25 'are respectively connected to a control zone 212, 212 'of a switch 21, 21' of the pyrotechnic cut-off block.
    For example, the external trigger circuit 25 'plays a role similar to circuit 25 and includes control electrodes 250', conductors 251 ', 252' connected to resistor 213 'and which are analogous, respectively, to electrodes 250 and to the conductors 251,252 previously described.
    The autonomous tripping circuit 20 ′ comprises the second fuse 23 as well as the control circuit 24. In this example, the control circuit 24 is connected between the conductor 201 and a terminal of the resistor 213, while the other terminal of the resistor 213 is connected to the conductor 203. In a similar manner to what is described with reference to the autonomous tripping circuit 20, the control circuit 24 here generates the tripping current l s when it receives the electric voltage V resulting from the presence of electric arc A when fuse 23 is blowing.
    Thus, in this embodiment, the electrical isolation between the trigger circuits 20 'and 25' is ensured by the fact that these circuits are connected to separate switches 21, 21 'whose control zones 212, 212' are separate and isolated from each other. In other words, each switch 21, 21 'is controlled independently of one another, the switch 21 being controlled by the autonomous trip circuit 20', while the switch 21 'is controlled by the circuit external trigger 25 '.
    The opening of circuit 1 is thus ensured as soon as at least two switches 21 or 21 ’of the pyrotechnic cut-off block is tripped.
    FIG. 6 represents an electrical circuit 1 "comprising a protection device 2" according to a third embodiment of the invention, to protect the electrical charge 3.
    The elements of the protection device 2 ”according to this embodiment which are similar to the protection device 2 'of the second embodiment bear the same references and are not described in detail, insofar as the above description can be transposed to them .
    The 2 "protection device differs in particular from the 2" protection device in that the pyrotechnic cut-off unit includes a pyrotechnic switch 21 "which replaces the switches 21 and 21". This 21 "switch is similar to switches 21 and 21" except that it has two control zones 212 and 212 "instead of one. The switch 21 "also includes a power zone 211 associated with the control zones 212, 212".
    The control areas 212 and 212 ’are independent of each other. Each of the control zones 212 and 212 ’is adapted to receive a trigger signal S and, in response, cause the same power zone 211 to be cut off.
    Here, the power zone 211 is connected to the conductors 202 and 203. The control zone 212 is connected to the autonomous tripping circuit 20, while the power zone 212 'is connected to the conductors 251', 252 'of the tripping circuit 25 '.
    This 2 ”device allows to obtain the same advantages as the 2 ′ device in terms of insulation and electrical safety, while using only one pyrotechnic switch 21” instead of using two switches 21 and 21 ' separate.
    According to another optional but nevertheless advantageous variant, not illustrated in the figures and which can be implemented independently of the embodiments of the protection devices 2, 2 'or 2 ”described above, the fuse 22 and / or the fuse 23 can be formed by fusible metal blades whose connection within the protection device is made by welding, for example by being directly welded to the electrical conductors of the protection device.
    This variant can be implemented in any of the control devices 2, 2 ’or 2” previously described. It can also be implemented in a protection device similar to one of these protection devices but comprising only one trip circuit, for example a protection device in which the external trip circuit 25 or 25 ' is omitted. If necessary, the diode bridge 26 can also be omitted. Those skilled in the art therefore understand that everything that is described in the following with reference to any one of these protection devices, can be generalized and also applies to other embodiments of the protection device, especially to 2, 2 'or 2 ”devices and their variants.
    In this context, this variant relates, in general, to a protection device for an electrical circuit configured to transmit an electric current, the protection device comprising:
    - a first conductor 201,
    - a second conductor 202,
    a first fuse 22 connected to the second conductor 202,
    - at least one pyroelectric switch 21 connected in parallel to the first fuse 22, the pyroelectric switch comprising a control zone 212, capable of receiving a trigger signal, and a power zone 211 for the passage of electric current, and
    - a control circuit 24 configured to develop and transmit the trigger signal to the control zone of the pyroelectric switch 21,
    a second fuse 23 connected in series between the first conductor 201 and the first fuse 22 and capable of supplying a supply voltage to the control circuit, the control circuit 24 being connected between the second fuse 23 and the control area 212 of the pyroelectric switch 21, for example in parallel with the second fuse 23.
    The protection device is then characterized in that at least one or the other of the first fuse and of the second fuse is a fusible metal strip connected by welding.
    In other words, this fusible blade is welded, for example directly, to the corresponding electrical conductors of the protection device to ensure the connection.
    Preferably, the first fuse and the second fuse are both fuse blades connected by welding. These fusible links are not necessarily identical.
    In this example, the protection device further comprises a third conductor 203, or intermediate conductor 203, which connects the fuses 22 and 23 to one another, here in series. As previously explained, the conductor 203 is therefore inserted here between the conductors 201 and 202.
    For example, the first fuse 22 is a fusible metal strip directly welded to the conductors 203 and 202. The second fuse 23 is a metallic fusible strip directly welded to the conductors 201 and 203.
    Such a variant is advantageous for several reasons. In fact, the fuses generally used are discrete components, such as interchangeable fuse cartridges, which comprise a hollow body extending between two connection terminals and containing a fuse blade connected to the terminals, this hollow body also comprising an insulating element, such as sand, which fills the hollow body. The connection terminals cooperate with a base for receiving the fuse, this base being intended to be connected to the rest of the electrical circuit of which the fuse is a part.
    These interchangeable fuse cartridges have several disadvantages. On the one hand, the hollow body has a large bulk. The same goes for the receiving base. This complicates the integration of fuse cartridges into the protection device and increases the size of the latter, which is not desirable in certain applications for which miniaturization of the protection device is sought.
    On the other hand, the fuse cartridges have a predefined value of voltage rating, or cut-off voltage. A problem then arises if one wishes to use a rating that does not correspond to the rating values of commercially available fuse cartridges. In fact, since it would be too costly and impractical to have a custom-made fusible cartridge developed with the desired caliber industrially, it is frequent to have to use fuses whose caliber is largely oversized compared to the use which is made of it. Even if oversizing can, to a certain extent, be useful for safety reasons, excessive oversizing is to be avoided, because it unnecessarily increases the cost of the protection device and increases its size.
    Thanks to this variant, to make the first fuse 22 and / or the second fuse 23, instead of using known fuse cartridges, fuse blades are used which are welded to the corresponding conductors of the protection device. This reduces the size of fuses 22 and 23, since the hollow body and the receiving base are then omitted. The protection device can then be more easily miniaturized. In addition, the fuse blade can be precisely sized to correspond to the desired voltage rating. Finally, the industrial manufacture of the protection device is facilitated, because it is more convenient, in an industrial context, to automate the welding of fusible strips than having to position receiving bases in an electrical circuit and then insert cartridges therein. fuses.
    Advantageously, the fusible blade is welded by means of spot welding or by welding carried out by electric field.
    According to a preferred aspect, the fusible blade is made of a metallic material.
    For example, the fuse blade is exposed directly to ambient air. The fusible blade is not surrounded by a hollow body.
    The embodiments and variants envisaged above can be combined with one another to generate new embodiments.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1, - Protection device (2; 2 ’) for an electric circuit (1; Γ) configured to transmit an electric current (I), the protection device (2; 2’) comprising:
    - a pyrotechnic cut-off block comprising at least one pyrotechnic switch (21, 21 ’),
    - a first fuse (22), connected in parallel with the pyrotechnic cut-off block, the pyrotechnic cut-off block being adapted so that the opening of at least one pyrotechnic switch is triggered in response to a trigger signal, the protection (2; 2 ') being characterized in that it further comprises:
    - an autonomous trip circuit (20), comprising:
    • a control module (24) connected to the cut-off block and suitable for producing a tripping signal, • a second fuse (23), connected in series with the cut-off block and capable of supplying a supply voltage (V) the control module (24) for developing the trigger signal when the electric current (I) flowing through the second fuse (23) exceeds a threshold value,
    - an external trigger circuit (25), connected to the cut-off block and comprising control electrodes (250) for receiving and transmitting a trigger signal to the cut-off block, and in that the autonomous and external trigger circuits are electrically isolated from each other to prevent a return of the supply voltage (V) to the control electrodes (250).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2, - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut-off block comprises a pyrotechnic switch (21), in that the external trip circuit (25) is connected to a control zone (212) of the switch pyrotechnic (21) and in that the autonomous tripping circuit (20) is connected to the same control area (212) of the same pyrotechnic switch (21), via a diode bridge (26).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3, - Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the diode bridge (26) comprises:
    - first (261) and second (262) diodes connected head to tail and respectively forming first and second branches of the diode bridge (26), and
    - third (263) and fourth (264) diodes connected head to tail and respectively forming third and fourth branches of the diode bridge (26),
    - an electrical conductor (204) which connects a first junction point between the first and second branches of the diode bridge (26) to a first conductor (251) of the external trip circuit (25), and characterized in that the module control (24) connects a second junction point between the third and fourth branches of the diode bridge (26) to a second conductor (252) of the external trip circuit (25), the first and second conductors (251, 252) connecting the control electrodes (250) to the control area (212).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. - Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the second conductor (252) comprises a protective diode (253), connected between the control module (24) and the control electrodes (250) and being arranged to authorize only the passage of electric current in the direction of the control zone (212) along this second conductor (252).
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut-off block comprises first (21) and second (2Γ) pyrotechnic switches connected in series with each other, in that the autonomous tripping circuit ( 20) is connected to a control zone (212) of the first pyrotechnic switch (21) and in that the external tripping circuit (25) is connected to a control zone (212 ') of the second pyrotechnic switch (21') .
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. - Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut-off unit comprises a pyrotechnic switch (21 ”) including a cut-off zone (211), a first control zone (212) and a second control zone (212 '), the first and second control zones being independent of each other, each control zone being adapted to receive a trigger signal and, in response, causing the cut-off zone (211) to be cut, the autonomous trigger circuit (20 ') being connected to the first control zone (212), the external trigger circuit (25') being connected to the second control zone (212 ').
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7, - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control module (24) is a resistor, preferably with a value between 5 Ω and 50 Ω.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8, - Device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that:
    - the breaking current (I23) of the second fuse (23) is equal to a nominal value (l n ) of electric current, this nominal current value being defined as being the maximum value of the current expected to flow in the device (2 ; 2 ') in normal operation, and
    - the cut-off voltage (V 22 ) of the first fuse (22) is equal to a nominal value (V n ) of electric voltage, this nominal voltage value being defined as being the maximum voltage value intended to be applied across the terminals of the device (2; 2 ') in normal operation.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9, - Device according to claim 8, characterized in that:
    - the breaking current (l 22 ) of the first fuse (22) is at least four times less than or equal to the nominal value (l n ) of electric current, and
    - the cut-off voltage (V23) of the second fuse (23) is at least four times less than or equal to the nominal value (V n ) of electrical voltage.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10, - Electric circuit (1; T) configured to be supplied by an electric current (I), the electric circuit being equipped with a protection device (2; 2 ’) according to one of the preceding claims.
    1/6
    2/6
    CM
    LU c ί
    Q
    Or
    3/6
    LU f Λ
    4/6
    LU r>
    5/6
    READ
    6/6
    M2>
    READ
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3063570B1|2019-04-19|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    DE10054153A1|1999-11-05|2001-07-19|Yazaki Corp|Circuit interrupting device for vehicle, has regulator which disconnects circuit by detaching terminals, based on cut-off signal output during over current|
    US7875997B2|2003-08-08|2011-01-25|Delphi Technologies, Inc.|Circuit interruption device|
    EP2811548A1|2013-06-07|2014-12-10|Autoliv Development AB|Battery module disconnect arrangement|FR3088592A1|2018-11-15|2020-05-22|Livbag Sas|SAFETY DEVICE FOR VEHICLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT|
    FR3089053A1|2018-11-28|2020-05-29|Mersen France Sb Sas|Protection device for an electric circuit, electric circuit equipped with such a device and method for protecting such an electric circuit|
    WO2022011401A1|2020-07-15|2022-01-20|Astotec Automotive Gmbh|Pyrotechnic current breaker|
    法律状态:
    2018-02-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-09-07| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180907 |
    2019-02-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-02-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-02-10| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2022-02-10| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1751749A|FR3063570B1|2017-03-03|2017-03-03|DOUBLE CONTROL PROTECTION DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND ELECTRIC CIRCUIT COMPRISING SAID PROTECTION DEVICE|
    FR1751749|2017-03-03|FR1751749A| FR3063570B1|2017-03-03|2017-03-03|DOUBLE CONTROL PROTECTION DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT AND ELECTRIC CIRCUIT COMPRISING SAID PROTECTION DEVICE|
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