• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Jacquard-type loom (100) for manufacturing a woven preform (102) from a plurality of warp yarns and a plurality of weft yarns, said weaving loom having a device (106) of the preform during manufacture, for moving it along an axis (X) substantially parallel to a direction of production of the preform as it is formed, characterized in that it comprises in addition to means (105) for rotating the preform substantially around said axis.
    公开号:FR3062659A1
    申请号:FR1750921
    申请日:2017-02-03
    公开日:2018-08-10
    发明作者:Richard MATHON；Michel Serge Magnaudeix Dominique；Claire Rousseau；Pierre Martin Leroyer Bertrand
    申请人:Safran Aircraft Engines SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL AREA
    The present invention relates to a loom of the Jacquard type for the manufacture of a woven preform, preferably 3D, and more particularly the calling of this preform during its manufacture by the loom.
    STATE OF THE ART
    The state of the art includes in particular the documents EP-A1-1 526 285 and WO-A2-2013 / 088037.
    FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a loom 10 of the Jacquard type used for making three-dimensional (3D) preforms obtained by multilayer weaving between a plurality of layers of warp threads 30 and a plurality of layer of weft threads 31.
    In known manner, the weaving loom 10 is equipped with a Jacquard mechanism 11 supported by a superstructure not shown in FIG. 1. The loom 10 also includes a harness 20 consisting of a grouting board 21 and control wires or lices 22, each lice 22 being connected at one end to a control hook 12 of the Jacquard mechanism 11 and at the other end to one of the return springs 13 fixed to the frame 14 of the loom 10.
    Each lice 22 comprises an eyelet 23 crossed by a warp thread 30. The lices 22 and their associated eyelets 23 are driven in a substantially vertical oscillating movement represented by the double arrow F under the tensile forces exerted respectively by the hooks 12 and the return springs 13. The strings 22 make it possible to lift certain warp threads 30 and thus create a crowd 15 allowing the introduction of weft threads 31. More precisely, each strand 22 is actuated and controlled individually this which allows each warp thread 30 to be raised or lowered. It thus becomes possible to make the spacing of the warp threads necessary for the passage of a lance which takes away the weft thread 31 and to weave complex patterns and to pass warp threads from one layer to another allowing the creation of a three-dimensional fibrous architecture. After each passage of weft yarn 31, a beating comb 38 compacts the fabric which leaves the loom.
    The lices 22 are spatially distributed as a function of the position of the holes 210 of the grading board 21, that is to say along a plurality of columns 211 and of rows 212. The density of the holes 210 in the board tipping corresponds to the density of the fabric to be produced, that is to say that there is a spacing in the tipping board between each column of holes equivalent to that present between each column of chain in the fabric to be produced.
    Certain fibrous structures, such as for example those intended to form reinforcements for blades of composite material of aeronautical engines, require a very dense weaving with a texture particularly in relatively tight warp in order to confer good mechanical resistance to the part. The warp texture corresponds to the number of warp threads per unit of length. Therefore, when one wishes to weave with a tight warp texture, it is necessary to reduce the space between the columns of holes in the grading board, which leads to the bringing together of the lines of a column, for example the lines 22 of column 11, with the lists of the adjacent column or columns, for example here column I2. However, when the lines of two adjacent columns are too close, the movement of the lines, and more particularly of their associated eyelets, is hampered by the proximity of the lines and the warp threads present in the adjacent column.
    It is customary to equip a Jacquard loom with a numerical control and to automatically weave shapes with variations in thickness, variations in width and delineations. These fibrous preforms are then injected with a thermosetting resin in order to manufacture inter alia turbojet engine parts such as fan blades, a retention casing and rectifiers.
    The 3D Jacquard weaving differs from the classic 2D Jacquard weaving with a frame by the arrangement of the harness and by the individual control of each line. In 2D Jacquard weaving, the arrival of warp threads is composed of a single layer; in 3D Jacquard weaving, the warp threads arrive in several layers.
    In particular, when the fibrous preform to be woven is thick, the harness 20 can be congested for the reasons mentioned above. The congestion of the harness can generate very high friction and create weaving defects. The movements of the lines cause calls for length of warp threads. It is possible, for example, that the called wire causes an adjacent wire to rub. It also happens that the called wire no longer returns to its neutral position in the harness due to friction.
    Controlling the tension in warp threads is of crucial importance to limit weaving defects. In order to control the tension, the spools supplying the warp threads are mounted on a creel (not shown in Figure 1) located upstream of the loom. According to the manufacturers, the spools are equipped with a braking system to passively regulate the tension, and weights or springs capable of absorbing the excess length of the thread when the boom returns to its neutral position. The number of coils in a creel is typically between 200 and 5000 copies.
    Downstream of the loom, that is to say at the exit of the loom, there is provided a device for calling up the preform during its manufacture. This device is schematically represented by the reference 40 in FIG. 1. The device 40 is intended to pull on the preform and in particular on the warp threads in order to ensure a certain tension in these threads. The device allows the preform to be moved along an X axis as it is formed. It is generally a motorized device which makes it possible to drive the warp threads during weaving so that, when all of the weft threads of a column are inserted in the preform, the device moves from the distance between two columns. This is how you control the spacing between the frame columns.
    In the particular case of weaving fan blades, the current technique consists in weaving the preform flat. The warp strands are perpendicular to the weft strands. Weaving begins at the foot of the blade and ends at the top of the blade, the warp threads are positioned along the length of the piece. Due to its twist, the blade has the particularity of having longer chain strand lengths at the leading and trailing edges than in the middle of the blade.
    The preform being woven flat, the shaping of the blade is carried out manually on a counterform, by performing a trimming of the weaving pattern.
    One of the objectives of the present invention is to improve the manufacture of this type of part by changing the length of the chain strands as a function of their position in the part. It would therefore be necessary that the disparities in length of the chain strands be generated directly during the preform weaving operation. This would reduce the buckling of the fibers, a problem currently encountered during the shaping of the preform woven flat on the counterform.
    The present invention provides a solution to this need, which is simple, effective and economical.
    STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
    The invention provides a Jacquard type loom for manufacturing a woven preform, preferably 3D, from a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, said preform comprising a determined number of columns of warp threads per unit of length and a determined number of layers of warp threads per unit of length, said weaving machine comprising a device for calling up the preform during its manufacture, for moving it along an axis substantially parallel to a direction of production of the preform as it is formed, characterized in that it further comprises means for rotating said preform, substantially around said axis.
    The invention thus provides means for rotating the preform and therefore for twisting the preform during the weaving operation on a Jacquard type loom. During weaving, the preform is driven by the device and, preferably simultaneously, accompanied to apply the twist, during the advancement of the preform.
    The rotation of the preform around the axis mechanically creates differential calls of the warp threads, by increasing the length of the lateral threads, compared to the central threads. Due to the rotation of the preform, the warp threads furthest from the axis of rotation will be longer than those in the middle. The axis of rotation of the preform is preferably close to the neutral fiber of the preform. The weft threads are always intended to be inserted by the lance after the opening of the crowd, between the warp threads.
    The weaving loom according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation from one another or in combination with each other:
    said preform comprises a determined number of columns of warp yarns per unit of length and a determined number of layers of warp yarns per unit of length,
    - Said calling device comprises means for fixing one end of the preform or ends of warp son of the preform;
    - The means for rotating the preform are means for rotating said calling device;
    - said call device has a general shape of a wheel;
    - The weaving loom comprises a system for controlling the movement and the rotation relative to said axis of said device;
    - The weaving loom comprises means for supporting the preform during its manufacture, these support means being configured to support the preform during its rotation;
    - Said support means comprise shims configured to be disposed respectively on two opposite faces of the preform;
    - Said support means further comprise means for holding the shims against said faces, said holding means being for example of the jack type;
    - Said support means comprise conveyor belts configured to be arranged respectively on two opposite faces of the preform.
    The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing by means of a Jacquard loom a woven preform, preferably 3D, from a plurality of warp threads and a plurality of weft threads, said preform comprising a determined number of columns of warp threads per unit of length and a determined number of layers of warp threads per unit of length, said method comprising a step consisting in:
    - call the preform during its manufacture, to move it along an axis as it is formed, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in:
    - Rotate the preform, substantially around said axis.
    Advantageously, the method comprises a step consisting in:
    - Support the preform during its rotation, in particular by pressing, rolling or sliding of support means on two opposite faces of the preform.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
    The invention will be better understood and other details, characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description given by way of non-limiting example and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
    - Figure 1 is a partial schematic perspective view of a Jacquard type loom,
    FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a fan blade preform,
    FIG. 3 is a partial schematic perspective view of a weaving loom according to the invention, and
    - Figures 4 and 5 are views similar to that of Figure 3 and illustrate alternative embodiments of the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    FIG. 2 represents a 3D woven preform 50 for the production of a turbomachine fan blade, this preform having been obtained by weaving by means of a Jacquard type loom as illustrated in FIG. 1 described in this who is before.
    The preform 50 has a generally elongated shape along an axis X. It comprises at a longitudinal end a part intended to form the foot 52 of the fan blade. The rest of the preform 50 is intended to form the blade 54 of the blade. The foot 52 is generally thickened relative to the blade 54, as illustrated in the drawing. In a known manner, the blade comprises a leading edge 56 and a trailing edge 58, and the longitudinal end of the preform, opposite the foot 52, is intended to form the top 60 of the blade.
    This preform 50 is intended to be housed in a mold into which is injected polymerizable resin. After impregnating the preform, the resin hardens and a rough fan blade is obtained, which is generally subjected to subsequent finishing operations.
    During the production of the preform by means of the loom, the foot 52 is produced first. As mentioned above, the crowd warp threads are fixed to the calling device, and the weft threads begin to be inserted between the warp threads when the production of the preform begins, so to make the foot. Weaving continues with the production of the blade until the complete preform is manufactured.
    In practice, it is the foot of the future dawn that is made first, but when weaving begins there is a whole part of the preform which will then be cut out to obtain the final shape of the dawn. The final shape of the blade can therefore differ from that of the preform.
    The current technique consists in weaving the preform flat, which has the drawbacks described above. The preform is shaped manually on a counterform to obtain a twist of the preform, which tends to cause the fibers to buckle, in particular at the leading and trailing edges of the preform, where the fibers are very solicited during this shaping.
    FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment according to the invention. It shows a weaving loom 100 of the Jacquard type which is partially and very schematically represented but can be considered as comprising all the characteristics of the weaving loom 10 of FIG. 1.
    The loom 100 is used to make a three-dimensional preform, in this case a fan blade. The preform 102 is obtained by multilayer weaving between a plurality of layers of warp threads and a plurality of layers of weft threads. As mentioned in the above, the weaving loom 100 comprises upstream a creel 104 and downstream a device 106 for calling up the preform. The reference 20 in FIG. 3 designates the harness of the Jacquard mechanism.
    The calling device 106 is used to pull the preform 102 and in particular the warp threads in order to ensure a certain tension in these threads. For this, the device comprises means 108 for fixing one end of the preform 102, and preferably of its foot, or the ends of the abovementioned warp threads.
    The device 106 is connected to motorized control means 105, which make it possible to move the device 106 and therefore the preform 102 along an axis X as the preform is formed (arrow 110).
    This axis is preferably parallel to the axis of the loom and / or parallel to the warp threads.
    Furthermore, these motorized control means 105 are further configured to rotate the device 106 and therefore the preform 102 around the axis X as the preform is formed (arrow 112).
    The rotation of the preform 102 induces a twisting thereof during the weaving operation. This twist leads to differential calls of the warp threads, by increasing the length of the lateral threads, at the leading and trailing edges of the preform, relative to the central threads of the preform located near the axis of rotation. X.
    As shown in FIG. 3, the preform 102 is advantageously supported by support means 114 to accompany this twist.
    In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the support means 114 comprise shims, a first series of which is arranged on one face of the preform 102 such as its lower surface, and a second series is arranged on the opposite face of the preform such than its upper surface.
    Each series comprises three wedges which are arranged next to each other and may include respective interlocking means so that they are held together. The shims are preferably positioned on the preform as it is manufactured. Thus, a first wedge can be mounted on the preform at or near its foot, and on each side of it. Then, as the preform is manufactured, two other wedges are mounted respectively on the lower surface and the upper surface of the preform, and so on until all the wedges are assembled and the preform is completely manufactured.
    The geometry of the shims is preferably defined taking into account the intended shape of the preform by including the floats therein. The floats are the ends of the threads which are only partially woven, these surpluses being intended to be cut later.
    Figures 4 and 5 show alternative embodiments of the invention which differs from the previous embodiment essentially by the support means of the preform 102 during manufacture.
    In the case of Figure 4, the preform is supported on its two faces by conveyor belts 116. In the case of Figure 5, the preform is supported by shims similar to those of Figure 3 but which are stressed or maintained against the aforementioned faces of the preform by means of jacks 118 or similar means. The jacks can be controlled and slaved to the movement of the device 106.
    The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the preform by means of the weaving loom 100 comprising the steps of calling the preform during its manufacture, to move it along an X axis as it is formed. , and rotate it substantially around said axis. At the start of weaving, all of the warp threads are clamped by the fixing means 108 of the device 106. Weaving begins with the foot, the device 106 then advances along the axis X without rotation. The device 106 advances by one step once all the weft threads of a column have been inserted between the warp threads. The servo in rotation of the device 106 begins during the weaving of the preform and acts according to its twist. This rotation is carried out using the means 105 which can comprise a stepping motor controlled by the digital control of the device 106. The embodiments of the weaving loom 100 of FIGS. 3 to 5 also make it possible to support the preform when it is rotated, in particular by pressing (FIGS. 3 and 5) or rolling or sliding (FIG. 4), the support means on the two opposite faces of the preform 102.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Jacquard type loom (100) for manufacturing a woven preform (102) from a plurality of warp threads (30) and a plurality of weft threads (31), said loom weaving machine comprising a device (106) for calling up the preform during its manufacture, for moving it along an axis (X) substantially parallel to a direction of production of the preform as it is formed, characterized in that it further comprises means (105) for rotating the preform, substantially around said axis.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. A weaving machine (100) according to claim 1, in which said calling device (106) comprises means (108) for fixing one end of the preform (102) or the ends of warp threads. the preform.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. A weaving machine (100) according to claim 1 or 2, in which the means (105) for rotating the preform are means for rotating said calling device (102).
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Weaving machine (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which it comprises a system (105) for controlling the displacement and rotation relative to said axis (X) of said device.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. A loom (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which it comprises means (114, 116, 118) for supporting the preform (102) during its manufacture, these support means being configured for support the preform during its rotation.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. A weaving machine (100) according to the preceding claim, in which said support means (114, 118) comprise shims configured to be disposed respectively on two opposite faces of the preform.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. A weaving loom (100) according to the preceding claim, in which said support means (114, 118) further comprise means (118) for holding wedges against said faces, the holding means being for example of the jack type. .
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. A loom (100) according to claim 5, wherein said support means comprises conveyor belts (116) configured to
    5 be arranged respectively on two opposite faces of the preform.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method of manufacturing by means of a loom (100) of the Jacquard type of a woven preform (102) from a plurality of warp threads (30) and a plurality of weft threads ( 31), said preform comprising a determined number of columns of warp threads per unit
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 in length and a determined number of layers of warp threads per unit of length, said method comprising a step consisting in:
    - call the preform during its manufacture, to move it along an axis (X) as it is formed, characterized in that it comprises a step consisting in:
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    15 - rotating the preform, substantially around said axis.
    10. Method according to the preceding claim, in which it comprises a step consisting in:
    - Support the preform during its rotation, in particular by pressing, rolling or sliding support means on two opposite faces
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    20 of the preform.
    2/3
    3062 & 59
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3062659B1|2019-03-22|
    US20180223456A1|2018-08-09|
    US11021813B2|2021-06-01|
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    FR3048435B1|2016-03-02|2018-04-06|Safran Aircraft Engines|INSTALLATION AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FIBROUS BAND-SHAPED TEXTURE HAVING IN THE CROSS-SECTIONAL SECTION AN EVOLVING PROFILE|CN111177810B|2019-12-31|2021-11-09|南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司|Method and device for generating texture pattern of preform, electronic device and storage medium|
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    法律状态:
    2018-01-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-08-10| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180810 |
    2019-01-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-01-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2021-01-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2022-01-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1750921|2017-02-03|
    FR1750921A|FR3062659B1|2017-02-03|2017-02-03|CALL FOR PREFORM IN A JACQUARD-TYPE WEAVING|FR1750921A| FR3062659B1|2017-02-03|2017-02-03|CALL FOR PREFORM IN A JACQUARD-TYPE WEAVING|
    US15/887,934| US11021813B2|2017-02-03|2018-02-02|Preform take-up in a jacquard loom|
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