• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    - The invention relates to a rotary electrical machine (100) incorporating a magnetic sensor angular position (101) of the rotor (150). The sensor comprises a rotating part (108) with magnet (102) fixed to the end (160b) of the rotation shaft (160) at the rear of the machine, facing a fixed part (103) comprising Hall effect sensors and mounted on a fixed support (106) connected to the carcass of the machine. The machine comprises a bearing (104) centered on the axis (X), disengaging the rotating and fixed parts of the sensor. This bearing, fixed to the shaft and the metal support of the fixed part of the sensor, and preferably in contact with the rotating part, constitutes a new mechanical reference close to the sensor. The invention provides accurate and robust position information regardless of mechanical and magnetic disturbances that may occur on the shaft.
    公开号:FR3059852A1
    申请号:FR1661795
    申请日:2016-12-01
    公开日:2018-06-08
    发明作者:Wissam DIB；Luca FAVRE；Davide BETTONI
    申请人:IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN；Mavel SRL；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    (57). The invention relates to a rotary electrical machine (100) incorporating a magnetic angular position sensor (101) of the rotor (150). The sensor comprises a rotating part (108) with magnet (102) fixed to the end (160b) of the rotation shaft (160) at the rear of the machine, opposite a fixed part (103) comprising Hall effect sensors and mounted on a fixed support (106) connected to the machine frame. The machine comprises a bearing (104) centered on the axis (X), separating the rotating and fixed parts of the sensor. This bearing, fixed to the shaft and to the metal support of the fixed part of the sensor, and preferably in contact with the rotating part, constitutes a new mechanical reference close to the sensor. The invention provides precise and robust position information independently of the mechanical and magnetic disturbances that may occur on the shaft.
    Field of the invention
    The present invention relates to the field of rotary electrical machines, in particular the measurement of the angular position of a rotor of a rotary electrical machine.
    It relates more particularly to a rotary electrical machine with synchronous reluctance incorporating a magnetic position sensor.
    General context
    A rotary electrical machine conventionally comprises a fixed part, the stator, and a mobile part in rotation, the rotor, arranged coaxially one inside the other. The rotor is generally housed inside the stator which carries electrical windings generating a magnetic field making it possible to drive the rotor in rotation. The rotor is typically formed of a body formed of a stack of sheets, and placed on a rotation shaft. These sheets include housings for permanent magnets or coils forming magnetic poles at the periphery of the rotor. The magnets can appear on the surface of the rotor or be completely integrated within the rotor.
    Precise information on the position of the rotor is essential for the control of these machines, especially at high speed. Figure 1 illustrates the principle of this operation and the relationships between the electric machine 4, the torque control algorithm of the machine 3 and the information 2 obtained by the voltage U m , current l m and position sensors. of the rotor p m of the machine. The precise information of the position of the rotor p m of the machine 4 is conventionally used by an algorithm 3 for vector control of the torque of the machine. We generally speak of vector control, because for the machine 4 to produce the torque required by the intended application, it is necessary to maintain the electric currents flowing there in phase and synchronized with the position of the rotor. In order to achieve this, the microcontroller 1 of the machine, integrated in the machine control inverter, controls the machine by applying voltages U a to the terminals of the machine 4, these voltages being provided by the control algorithm. as a couple 3.
    Various ways are known of obtaining the angular position of the rotor of a rotary electrical machine. A first way consists in estimating this position in a purely software way, and a second way consists in determining this position starting from position sensors. The use of position sensors provides more precise information. Certain rotating electrical machines, such as synchronous reluctance machines, having few magnets, require very precise information on the position of the rotor. Typically, the measurement must be accurate to within 1 electrical degree, especially at high speed, knowing that 1 electrical degree is equal to 1 mechanical degree multiplied by the number of pairs of poles. More generally, the highest possible precision is generally sought in order to allow a robust and reliable control of the machine.
    Several types of known position sensors can be used, including "resolver" type sensors which generally provide an accurate measurement but are expensive and may require adaptation in the control of the inverter. Other types of sensors such as the less expensive magnetic sensors or the incremental sensors can be used.
    The present invention relates to a rotary electrical machine provided with a magnetic position sensor for determining the angular position of the rotor.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a conventional magnetic position sensor, the operating principle of which is identical to that used in the machine according to the invention. The position sensor 10 is made up of two parts: a rotating part 11 comprising a magnet, the rotational movement of this part 11 being illustrated by arrows, and a fixed part 12 comprising several magnetic Hall effect sensors. The rotating part is integral with the rotor shaft of the machine, the magnet being generally integrated in the shaft. The magnetic Hall effect sensors of the fixed part 12 detect the amplitude of the rotating magnetic field created by the magnet in rotation with the shaft, which makes it possible to generate output signals giving the position of the magnet, and therefore the angular position of the rotor. The cable 13 makes it possible to send the electrical signals generated by the position sensor 10. Such a sensor is supplied by a DC voltage current, for example a DC voltage Vdd of 5 volts ± 5%. The sensor provides two output signals: the sine and the cosine of the angular position of the rotor. These signals V A and V B typically have a sinusoidal shape, and are offset by 90 °. Thus, to control the electric machine, these two signals are used and conditioned in the microcontroller used for controlling the machine.
    The radial distance between the magnet, fixed on the shaft, and the magnetic sensors of the fixed part has a very strong impact on the amplitude of the output signals, as well as on the accuracy of the measurement.
    This position sensor topology has several advantages:
    - a low cost compared to the accuracy of the position measurement that this sensor can provide;
    - a high "IP" protection index, in accordance with standard EN 60529, typically an IP67 protection index;
    - easy installation.
    On the other hand, such position sensors are very sensitive to the radial and axial displacements of the magnet of the rotating part relative to the fixed part comprising the magnetic sensors. By axial displacement is meant a displacement in the direction formed by the axis (X) around which the rotor shaft rotates, and by radial displacement is meant a displacement perpendicular to the axis (X). These displacements can result for example from the chain of mechanical tolerance, thermal (for example the expansion of the iron), the mechanical tolerance of the support of the magnet (offset of the hole in the shaft). The mechanical tolerance chain is linked to the presence of intermediate parts between the position sensor and the traditionally adopted mechanical reference which is the bearing supporting the rotation shaft, in particular the presence of rotating intermediate parts such as a fan mounted on the tree to cool the machine. Any intermediate part between the position sensor and the bearing supporting the rotation shaft (at the rear of the machine) makes it difficult to maintain a strict tolerance chain for the various mechanical parts, in particular for the position sensor. . However, a strict tolerance is important to guarantee an accurate measurement of the rotor by the magnetic position sensor.
    In addition, the output signal, in particular the amplitude (peak to peak) of the signal, can be disturbed by the induced magnetic field of the machine and the magnetization of the shaft on which the magnet is mounted. Normally, the magnet holder is non-magnetic, which on the one hand protects the magnet from magnetic field lines coming from the stator, and on the other hand keeps the field of the magnet focused. However, there are usually always lines of leakage fields, especially at high currents, which cannot be filtered by the support. If the shaft becomes magnetized, the magnet of the position sensor risks demagnetizing over time, and magnetic field lines can also be created in the stator, all this thus disturbing the operation of the magnetic position sensor and therefore the measured.
    Objectives and summary of the invention
    The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art mentioned above, and to provide a rotary electrical machine integrating an angular position sensor of the rotor which can ensure robust and precise information of the position of the rotor independently of the mechanical and / or magnetic disturbances likely to occur on the motor shaft.
    In particular, the present invention aims to provide such information of the position of the rotor, while ensuring easy integration of the position sensor, and / or protection relating to the high tightness of said sensor, typically an IP67 protection index in accordance with to standard EN 60529, in order to be compatible with the requirements relating to the sealing of the electric machine, and / or a limited economic cost for measuring the position of the rotor.
    Thus, to achieve at least one of the abovementioned objectives, among others, the present invention provides a rotary electric machine comprising:
    - a stator arranged in a carcass, the stator comprising coils;
    - a rotor comprising a body fixed to a rotation shaft rotatably mounted in the stator and rotating about an axis (X);
    - a first bearing supporting a drive side of a load of the rotation shaft;
    - a second bearing supporting a side opposite the drive side of the load of the rotation shaft;
    - A front flange disposed at a first end of the carcass and comprising a first housing in its middle part to receive the first bearing;
    - A rear flange disposed at a second end of the carcass opposite the first end, and comprising a second housing in its middle part to receive the second bearing;
    the front and rear flanges each comprising an internal face and an external face,
    - a magnetic position sensor for measuring the angular position of the rotor during rotation of the shaft, the position sensor comprising:
    - A rotating part comprising a magnet, fixed at the end of the side opposite to the drive side of the load of the rotation shaft so as to be integral with the rotation shaft during the rotation of the shaft;
    - a fixed part comprising Hall effect sensors and means for transmitting the sensor output signals, said fixed part being opposite the rotating part and being mounted on a fixed metal support connected to the carcass of the machine;
    the rotating part being separated from the fixed part of the position sensor by a third bearing centered on the axis (X), the third bearing being fixed on the one hand to the end of the side opposite to the drive side of the load of the rotation shaft and on the other hand to the walls of an opening formed in the metal support and capable of letting the end of the rotation shaft provided with the rotating part of the sensor pass.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the third bearing is in contact with the rotating part of the position sensor.
    According to one embodiment, the rotating part of the position sensor comprises an insert housed in a cavity formed at the end of the side opposite the drive side of the load of the rotation shaft, the cavity having an opening towards the outside the machine, the insert being provided on the side of the opening of the cavity of the position sensor magnet.
    Preferably, the insert of the rotating part of the position sensor is made of a non-magnetic material, preferably a non-magnetic steel or brass.
    Preferably, the third bearing is formed from a ferromagnetic material, preferably a ferromagnetic steel.
    The third bearing may be of the rolling type, preferably ball, and preferably comprises an outer ring fixed to the walls of the opening of the metal support and an inner ring fixed to the end of the side opposite to the drive side of the rotation shaft and in contact with the rotating part of the sensor.
    Preferably, the fixed metal support of the fixed part of the sensor has an internal face facing the rear flange and an external face oriented towards the outside of the machine, the external face comprising a flat surface at the periphery of the opening of the support. metallic, said flat surface being in contact with the fixed part of the position sensor.
    According to one embodiment, the machine further comprises a cooling system comprising external cooling means for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges, the external cooling means comprising an external fan secured to the rotation shaft and arranged between the outer face of the rear flange and the third bearing so as to send outside air along the carcass towards the front flange.
    Advantageously, the carcass has an external surface comprising a set of cooling fins elongated substantially along an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the rotation shaft, and the rear flange comprises a central part in the form of a crown connected to a cylindrical peripheral part, and at least one opening arranged between the central part and the peripheral part of the rear flange for directing the outside air sent by the external fan into passages formed by all of the cooling fins of the external surface of the carcass.
    Preferably, the external fan comprises an external air drive wheel mounted on the rotation shaft between the external face of the rear flange and the third bearing, and the fixed metal support for the position sensor is connected to the carcass by being fixed to a protective plate covering the external fan, the protective plate having holes for the entry of outside air and being fixed to the peripheral part of the rear flange.
    Preferably, the carcass and the front and rear flanges form a sealed housing, and the cooling system further comprises a pair of internal fans arranged inside the carcass to create an air flow inside the carcass during rotation of the rotor, each fan being fixedly mounted on the rotation shaft between the rotor body and a bearing, and the internal face of each of the front and rear flanges comprising fins arranged on a peripheral part of the first and second housings of the flanges for orienting the air flow and capturing the heat of said air flow.
    Advantageously, the magnetic position sensor integrated into the machine has an IP67 protection index according to European standard EN 60529.
    The electric machine according to the invention preferably has a power of between 20 kW and 75 kW.
    The electric machine according to the invention is preferably with synchronous reluctance.
    Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of examples of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of non-limiting examples, the description being given with reference to the appended figures described below. -after.
    Brief description of the figures
    FIG. 1, already described above, is a block diagram of the use of the information of the position of the rotor for the engine control of an electric machine.
    FIG. 2, already described above, is a perspective view of an example of a conventional magnetic position sensor of the same type as the position sensor which can be used in an electric machine according to the invention.
    Figure 3 is a perspective view with cutaway of the rear part of the electric machine according to one embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 4 is a cutaway perspective view of the front part of the electric machine according to this same embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the electric machine according to this same embodiment of the invention.
    Figure 6 is a detail of the view of Figure 4 centered on the integration of the rotor position sensor in the electric machine according to the invention.
    Figure 7 is a detail of the view of Figure 3 centered on the integration of the rotor position sensor in the electric machine according to the invention.
    In the figures, the same references designate identical or analogous elements.
    Description of the invention
    The subject of the invention relates to a rotary electrical machine incorporating a magnetic sensor of the angular position of the rotor.
    Figures 3 to 7 show, in different views and in section, a rotary electrical machine according to an embodiment of the invention, which can be used as an electric traction motor in an electric or hybrid vehicle.
    For example, a motor as represented in FIGS. 3 to 7 is a synchronous reluctance motor, also called synchro-reluctant, of a continuous power of kW, of transient power (Peak) 52 kW, and being able to operate with a voltage d 350 V DC bus power supply
    Although advantageously applicable to electric machines with synchronous reluctance, the present invention is not limited to this topology of electric machine, and relates more broadly to any type of electric machine, in particular electric machines whose power is between 20 kW and 180 kW. More specifically, electrical machines as illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 7, comprising a specific cooling system, which notably includes external cooling (carcass and flanges) by air ventilation can typically have a power of between 20 and 75 kW . Above 75 kW, electrical machines preferably include other external cooling means, for example cooling by circulation of liquid.
    The electric motor 100 comprises a carcass 130 closed at one end by a front flange 110 and at another end by a rear flange 120. The stator 190, with its coils, and the rotor 150 of the electric motor are contained in the carcass 130. A terminal box (not referenced in the figures) in which the connections are made is fixed to the carcass 130, in particular at the flange 110 which closes the carcass at the front of the engine. The carcass 130 and the flanges 110 and 120 are made of metal, for example aluminum or iron. Without this being illustrated, the carcass can form with one of the flanges a single piece, or even each flange can form with a part of the carcass a unitary part, the two parts can then be joined to form a housing containing the stator and the rotor.
    The rotor 150 has a body fixed to the rotation shaft 160, rotatably mounted in the stator. The rotation shaft 160, rotating around the axis (X), is carried by the front flanges 110 and rear 120: the front flange 110 supports the drive side of the load 160a of the rotation shaft 160, and the rear flange 120 supports the side opposite the drive side of the load 160b of the rotation shaft 160.
    In the rest of the description, the front of the machine will designate the side of the machine where a load is driven by the rotation shaft of the rotor, and the rear of the machine the opposite side.
    More specifically, the front 110 and rear 120 flanges each have an internal face (111, 121) oriented towards the inside of the machine, an external face (112, 122) oriented towards the outside of the machine, and a housing ( 116a, 126a) positioned in a middle part of the internal face (111, 121) to receive a bearing (171, 172). The bearings 171 and 172, for example with ball bearings, respectively support the drive side of a load 160a of the rotation shaft 160 and the side opposite to the drive side of the load 160b of the drive shaft rotation.
    According to the invention, the electric machine includes a magnetic position sensor 101 for measuring the angular position of the rotor, during the rotation of the shaft. The position sensor 101 and its integration into the electrical machine are particularly clearly visible in FIGS. 6 and 7, which are respectively details of the rear part of the machine as shown in FIGS. 4 and 3.
    The position sensor includes:
    - A rotating part 108 comprising a magnet 102, fixed to the end 160b of the rotation shaft 160 so as to be integral with the shaft during its rotation;
    a fixed part 103 comprising Hall effect sensors and means for transmitting the output signals from the sensor 109. The fixed part 103 is opposite the rotating part 108 and is mounted on a fixed metal support 106 connected to the carcass 130 of machine 100. Hall effect sensors can be conventionally distributed regularly according to 360 mechanical degrees. For example, if the fixed part 103 has three Hall effect sensors, these are placed 120 degrees apart.
    According to the invention, the rotating part 108 is separated from the fixed part 103 of the position sensor 101 by a bearing 104. This bearing 104 is centered on the axis (X) of rotation of the shaft. It is fixed on the one hand to the end 160b of the shaft 160 and on the other hand to the walls of an opening formed in the metal support 106, said opening being suitable for letting the end of the shaft of rotation 160 provided with the rotating part of the sensor.
    The bearing 104 is preferably in contact with the rotating part of the sensor, which adds to the mechanical robustness and to the mechanical precision of this specific assembly.
    According to the invention, this bearing 104 constitutes a new mechanical reference for the parts which can be mounted on the shaft, replacing the usual reference chosen as being the bearing 172, in particular for the parts of the position sensor. This new reference, due to its proximity to the shaft position sensor, ensures a low tolerance (greater precision) of the radial and axial position of the position sensor and a distance between the magnet and the constant and precise sensor. Consequently, the assembly formed by this bearing 104 and the position sensor thereby authorizes robust and precise information of the position of the rotor measured by the sensor 101, and this independently of any mechanical disturbance which could occur, for example from the made of the presence of other mechanical parts mounted on the shaft, such as an external fan as described below.
    This configuration of the bearing 104 and of the position sensor 101 also has the effect of closing the induction of the magnetic field lines which can be created by magnetization of the shaft, formed from a ferromagnetic material. As a result, the sensor magnet is thus isolated from any magnetic disturbance induced by the magnetization of the rotor, which would be harmful for the measurement of the position of the rotor. According to the invention, the risk of demagnetization of the position sensor over time is therefore limited.
    The position of the rotating shaft is measured by detecting the variation in the magnetic field linked to the rotation of the magnet 102 integral with the shaft 160. The operating principle of a magnetic position sensor, of the device type Hall effect, is well known to those skilled in the art, and not recalled here. The sensor output signals are sent by the means for transmitting the sensor 109 output signals, typically a cable system, to the microcontroller integrated in the motor control inverter.
    The magnetic position sensor 101 preferably has an IP67 protection index according to European standard EN 60529 relating to sealing. This IP index classifies the level of protection offered by a material against the intrusion of solid and liquid bodies. The format of the index, given by standard IEC 60529, is "IP" followed by two digits and / or a letter. The first number relates to protection against dust, and the second digit relates to protection against water intrusion. An object with IP 67 rating means that the object is completely protected against dust, and against the effects of temporary immersion (up to 1 m), the penetration of water in harmful quantity being impossible when the equipment is immersed in water under defined conditions of pressure and time (up to 1 m of submersion).
    Preferably, the rotating part 108 of the sensor 101 comprises an insert 105 provided with the magnet 102. The insert 105 is housed in a cavity 107 formed at the end 160b of the shaft 160. This cavity 107 has an opening towards the outside of the machine. The magnet 102 is positioned in the insert 105 on the side of this opening. Such a cavity could be obtained by drilling the end 160b of the shaft. The insert 105 is for example fixed by thread to the shaft 160.
    The insert 105 of the rotating part 108 of the position sensor 101 is preferably formed from a non-magnetic material, such as non-magnetic steel or brass. This composition helps to protect the magnet from the magnetic field lines coming from the stator, and to keep the field specific to the magnet.
    The bearing 104 is preferably formed from a ferromagnetic material, for example a ferromagnetic steel. It is thus able to close the vanishing field lines.
    The bearing is advantageously of the rolling type, typically ball, although it can also be roller. The bearing can thus comprise an external ring fixed to the walls of the central opening of the metal support 106 and an internal ring fixed to the end 160b of the shaft 160 and in contact with the rotating part 108 of the sensor, in particular in contact with a part of the insert 105 external to the cavity 107.
    The fixed metal support 106 of the fixed part 103 of the sensor 101 has an internal face facing the rear flange 120, and an external face oriented towards the outside of the machine. The external face of the support 106 has a flat surface 106a at the periphery of the opening of the metal support, the flat surface being in contact with the fixed part 103 of the position sensor. More specifically, the external face of the metal support 106 comprises an annular housing receiving the fixed part 103 of the sensor, said annular housing comprising the planar surface 106a, the latter being situated at the periphery of the opening left for the end of the shaft. comprising the magnet of the position sensor. The fixed metal support 106 may have the shape of a disc, as shown in Figures 3 to 7, or any other shape.
    The present invention advantageously applies to an electric machine which comprises a cooling system comprising external cooling means for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges, typically an external fan placed at the rear of the machine and mounted on the 'rotation shaft.
    According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 3 to 7, the external cooling means comprise an external fan 140 secured to the rotation shaft 160 and disposed between the external face 122 of the rear flange 120 and the bearing 104 of the position sensor, so as to send outside air along the carcass 130 in the direction of the front flange 110.
    The presence of the bearing 104 in the machine according to the invention provides a new mechanical reference which is positioned after the fan 140 (towards the outside of the machine along the axis X), that is to say between the fan 140 and the position sensor 101. Thus, this new mechanical reference close to the position sensor ensures a low tolerance of the radial and axial position of the position sensor and a distance between the magnet and the constant and precise sensor. Such a configuration is favorable to signals at the output of the precise position sensor, and not disturbed, that is to say having in particular few harmonics, and therefore easily exploitable.
    According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 3 to 7, the carcass 130 has an external surface comprising a set of cooling fins 131 elongated substantially along an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the shaft of rotation 160. The rear flange 120 comprises a central part 128a in the form of a crown connected to a cylindrical peripheral part 128b, and at least one opening 127 disposed between said central part 128a and said peripheral part 128b of the rear flange 120 to direct the outside air sent by the external fan 140 into passages formed by all of the cooling fins 131 of the external surface of the carcass 130.
    The external fan 140 preferably comprises an external air drive wheel mounted on the rotation shaft 160 between the external face 122 of the rear flange 120 and the bearing 104 of the position sensor.
    A protection plate 129 is positioned at the rear of the motor, covering the external fan 140. The protection plate 129 is fixed to the peripheral part 128b of the rear flange 120. The protection plate 129 has orifices 129a for the inlet outside air, which is drawn in by the fan drive wheel 140.
    The fixed metal support 106 for the position sensor 101 is connected to the carcass by being, for example, fixed to this protective plate 129.
    The present invention can also be applied to an electric machine comprising external cooling means comprising a coolant circuit for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges.
    Preferably, the cooling system of the electric machine according to the invention further comprises two internal fans (181, 182) fixedly mounted on the shaft 160 of the rotor 150, at the two ends of the rotor, each facing the internal face a flange (110, 120) comprising fins (113, 123) capable of orienting the air flow created by the internal fans and capable of capturing its heat.
    In this case, the electric machine incorporating such a cooling system, including the pair of internal fans, is a closed rotary electric machine. A detailed description of this particular embodiment including an internal cooling system is given below.
    By closed electrical machine means an electrical machine whose rotor and stator are enclosed in a sealed casing, which can also be referred to as the casing.
    In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3 to 7, the carcass, which contains the rotor and the stator of the electric machine, is closed in leaktight manner by the two flanges 110 and 120. The front flanges 110 and rear 120 in fact comprise sealing means for sealingly closing the carcass 130.
    The front flange 110 comprises a central part in the form of a crown 118a and a peripheral part of cylindrical form 118b. The internal face 111, turned towards the inside of the carcass 130, comprises a housing 116a positioned in the middle part of the internal face intended to receive the bearing 171. This housing 116a comprises in its center an orifice provided for the passage of the rotation shaft 160 of the rotor. Seals are provided at the level of the orifice for passage of the shaft 160 and on the perimeter of the peripheral part 118b intended to come into contact with the carcass 130. The peripheral part 118b of the flange 110 also has points of fixing to fix the front flange 110 to the carcass 130.
    The internal face 111 of the front flange 110 comprises a set of fins 113, arranged on the periphery of the housing 116a of the bearing 171. These fins 113 have the function of orienting the air flow created by the rotation of an internal fan 181 placed between the bearing 171 and the rotor 150, as described below, and to capture the heat of this air flow. The internal face 111 of the front flange 110 comprises for example twelve fins 113.
    The fins 113 are preferably distributed regularly around the housing 116a. Preferably, the fins and the body of the flange form a single entity (monobloc), for example resulting from a manufacture using a mold. Advantageously, the fins have a shape such that they contribute to a specific internal air circulation which effectively cools the coil heads and the rotating part of the machine. Each fin is preferably flat, and has a general shape of a trapezium whose bases (parallel opposite sides) are orthogonal to the axis (X), and whose side opposite to the housing 116a is not straight but curved, having a concavity (relative to a point located at the periphery 118b of the flange in the radial extension of the fin). This concavity of the fin edge ensures optimal proximity to the coil heads while ensuring an optimized air flow for efficient cooling. This description of the fins is made on the basis of the parts visible on the surface of the flange (and not on the basis of a section of the flange). According to a longitudinal section passing through the fin, the latter has a general shape of a rectangular trapezium whose side forming a right angle with the bases constitutes the wall of the housing 116. The internal fins have a sort of wing shape. bird whose scapular part would be opposite the internal face of the flange. The dimensions of the fins are such that a maximum space is left between the internal fan and the top part of the fins facing the internal fan, so as to maintain a proximity with the internal fan suitable for good air circulation in the space left between the flange and the internal parts of the machine. By way of non-limiting example, a space of 4 to 5 mm is left between the internal fan and the top of the fins, for a device comprising flanges with an internal diameter of approximately 20 cm fitted with internal fins of approximately 20 mm long, the length of the fins (or height) being understood as the dimension of the fins along the axis (X).
    The peripheral part 118b of the front flange 110 may also include heat dissipating fins 117 on its external face 112. The dissipative fins 117 are elongated substantially along an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the rotor. When the carcass 130 has an external surface comprising a set of cooling fins 131, the fins 117 of the front flange 110 then extend the passages formed by the cooling fins 131 of the carcass 130.
    The rear flange 120 has a central part in the form of a crown 128a connected to a cylindrical peripheral part 128b. As for the front flange 110, the internal face 121, turned towards the inside of the carcass 130, comprises a housing 126a positioned in the middle part of the internal face intended to receive the bearing 172. This housing 126a comprises in its center a orifice provided for the passage of the rotation shaft 160 of the rotor. Seals are provided at the level of the orifice for passage of the shaft 160 and on the perimeter of the central part 128b intended to come into contact with the carcass 130. The peripheral part 128b and the central part 128a of the flange rear 120 have connections which also include the points of attachment of the flange to the carcass. For example, the rear flange has four connections with four fixing points (holes for the passage of a screw for example).
    The internal face 121 of the rear flange 120 comprises, in the same way as for the front flange 110, a set of fins 123, arranged at the periphery of the housing 126a of the bearing 172. These fins 123 have the same orientation function of the air flow created by the rotation of an internal fan 182 placed between the bearing 172 and the rotor 150 and capturing the heat of this air flow. The internal face 121 of the rear flange 120 comprises for example twelve fins 123.
    The fins 123 are preferably distributed regularly around the housing 126a. Their shape and their dimensions are preferably identical to those of the fins 113 of the internal face 111 of the front flange 110, described above.
    The rear flange 120 has at least one opening arranged between the central part 128a and the peripheral part 128b for directing the outside air sent by the external fan 140 along the carcass 130, in particular for directing this air in passages formed by the 'set of cooling fins 131 of the outer surface of the carcass 130. The rear flange 120 has for example four openings of this type. These openings have, for example, the shape of an arc of a circle, and are distributed uniformly around the perimeter of the central part 128a of the flange 120.
    The cooling fins 131 of the external surface of the carcass 130 are elongated along an axis substantially parallel to the axis of the rotor (X). By substantially parallel to the axis (X), is understood to be more or less 25 ° degrees relative to this axis (X). The purpose of these cooling fins 131 is to increase the surface area for the carcass to exchange with air for greater heat dissipation, and to direct the flow of air external to the surface of the carcass so as to cover the entire length of the carcass from one flange to another. Continuity in the passage of the external air flow is created when the peripheral part of the front flange 110 also includes dissipation fins 117, preferably oriented in the same direction as the cooling fins of the carcass 130, thereby improving the cooling of the carcass and the front flange.
    In the description, the term “external air” means the air outside the rotary electrical machine which is closed, and by internal air the air contained in the closed electrical machine, more precisely the air enclosed in the sealed casing of the machine.
    The electric motor may also include metal plates 132, preferably made of aluminum, mounted on the carcass 130 and surrounding the cooling fins 131, to keep the air close to the external surface of the carcass 130 and the cooling fins. 131 during its circulation along the carcass. In the example of a motor shown in FIGS. 3 to 7, the metal plates 132 are slightly curved so as to follow the shape of the external surface of the carcass. The metal plates 132 are preferably distributed regularly around the carcass, for example eight plates are fixed on the carcass, grouped two by two to form spaced units around the carcass. The metal plates 132 are mounted on the carcass so as to leave a passage for the circulation of the outside air sent by the external fan 140. Thus, the metal plates 132 can be supported on the peripheral part of the rear flange 120.
    The pair of internal fans (181, 182) inside the carcass creates an air flow inside the carcass when the rotor rotates. Air circulation inside the sealed carcass is caused by the interaction between the internal fans 181 and 182 in operation and the structural elements of the machine within the carcass 130, in particular the structure of the internal faces of the flanges 110 and 120. More specifically, the fins (113, 123) of the internal face (111, 121) of the front and rear flanges (110, 120) are capable of directing the air flow created by each internal fan (181 , 182) radially towards the heads 191 of the stator coils 190 (flow in a direction which is centrifugal around the axis (X) of the rotation shaft 160), then return the air flow from the coil heads 191 towards the center of the flange, first in a direction parallel to the axis (X) at the coil heads, then radially towards the rotation shaft (flow parallel to the axis (X) then in a centripetal direction around the axis (X)). Such internal air circulation is thus carried out on the front and rear side of the motor, on either side of the rotor 150. The fins of the internal faces of the flanges 113 and 123, in addition to directing the internal air flow , dissipate the heat from the air flow and therefore cool the heads 191 of stator coils 190, as well as the shaft 160 and the rotor 150 of the electric machine.
    The external fan 140, positioned at the rear of the motor between the external face of the rear flange 120 and the bearing 104, contributes to cooling the carcass 130 and the flanges by the generation of an external air flow, which is d 'first directed radially towards the periphery of the external face of the rear flange 120, then which is directed towards the front flange 110 parallel to the axis of rotation (X), so as to go along the external surface of the carcass 130 preferably provided with cooling fins 131, and preferably surmounted by metal plates 132 which confine the air flow to the outside surface of the carcass 130. The air thus preferably passes through the passages formed between the fins substantially elongated along the axis ( X), being confined to the space formed between the metal plates and the external surface of the carcass 130. Advantageously, the openings 127 of the rear flange 120 allow the passage of the outside air sent by the fan 140 from the outside face of the flange to the outside surface of the carcass 130 preferably provided with cooling fins 131.
    The external fan 140 is of larger size than that of the internal fans 181 and 182. The dimension of the fan 140 is chosen as a function of the power of the motor and of the maximum rotation speed, so as to ensure optimal cooling.
    The present invention advantageously applies to synchronous reluctance motors, and preferably to machines having a power between 20 kW and 180 kW. By way of nonlimiting example, the cooled motor according to the invention can be a synchronous reluctance motor with a continuous power of 30 kW, of transient power (Peak) 52 kW, capable of operating with a bus supply voltage. DC of 350 V, and which can have the following dimensions: outside diameter of the rotor 134 mm, outside diameter of the stator of 200 mm, outside diameter of the carcass of 250 mm, length of the motor of 214 mm, length of the active part (corresponding the length of the stack of rotor sheets) of 100 mm.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Rotating electric machine (100) comprising:
    - a stator (190) disposed in a carcass (130), said stator comprising coils;
    - a rotor (150) comprising a body fixed to a rotation shaft (160) rotatably mounted in the stator and rotating about an axis (X);
    - a first bearing (171) supporting a drive side of a load (160a) of the rotation shaft (160);
    - a second bearing (172) supporting a side opposite the drive side (160b) of the load of the rotation shaft (160);
    - A front flange (110) disposed at a first end of the carcass (130) and comprising a first housing in its middle part to receive the first bearing (171);
    - A rear flange (120) disposed at a second end of the carcass opposite the first end, and comprising a second housing in its middle part to receive the second bearing (172);
    the front and rear flanges (110, 120) each comprising an internal face and an external face,
    - a magnetic position sensor (101) for measuring the angular position of the rotor during rotation of the shaft, said position sensor (101) comprising:
    - a rotating part (108) comprising a magnet (102), fixed at the end of the side opposite to the drive side (160b) of the load of the rotation shaft (160) so as to be integral with the rotation shaft (160) upon rotation of the shaft;
    - a fixed part (103) comprising Hall effect sensors and means for transmitting the output signals from the sensor (109), said fixed part (103) being opposite the rotating part (108) and being mounted on a support fixed metal (106) connected to the carcass of the machine;
    said rotating part (108) being separated from the fixed part (103) of the position sensor (101) by a third bearing (104) centered on the axis (X), said third bearing being fixed on the one hand to the end of the side opposite to the drive side (160b) of the load of the rotation shaft (160) and on the other hand to the walls of an opening formed in the metal support (106) capable of letting the end pass the rotation shaft (160) provided with the rotating part of the sensor.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said third bearing (104) is in contact with the rotating part (108) of the position sensor (101).
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Electric machine according to one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said rotating part (108) of the position sensor comprises an insert (105) housed in a cavity (107) formed at the end of the side opposite to the side d drive (160b) of the load of the rotation shaft (160), said cavity (107) having an opening towards the outside of the machine, said insert (105) being provided on the side of the opening of the cavity (107) of the position sensor magnet.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. An electric machine according to claim 3, wherein said insert (105) of the rotating part (108) of the position sensor (101) is formed of a non-magnetic material, preferably a non-magnetic steel or brass.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said third bearing (104) is formed from a ferromagnetic material, preferably a ferromagnetic steel.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said third bearing (104) is of the rolling bearing type, preferably ball, preferably comprising an outer ring fixed to the walls of the opening of the metal support (106 ) and an internal ring fixed to the end of the side opposite the drive side (160b) of the rotation shaft (160) and in contact with the rotating part (108) of the sensor (101).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the fixed metal support (106) of the fixed part (103) of the sensor has an internal face turned towards the rear flange (120) and an external face oriented towards the exterior of the machine, said external face comprising a flat surface (106a) at the periphery of the opening of the metal support, said flat surface (106a) being in contact with the fixed part (103) of the position sensor (101).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a cooling system comprising external cooling means for cooling the carcass and the front and rear flanges, said external cooling means comprising an external fan (140) integral of the rotation shaft (160) and disposed between the external face (122) of the rear flange (120) and the third bearing (104) so as to send outside air along the carcass (130) in the direction of the front flange (110).
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Electric machine according to claim 8, in which:
    - the carcass (130) has an external surface comprising a set of cooling fins (131) elongated substantially along an axis parallel to the axis (X) of the rotation shaft (160);
    - The rear flange (120) has a central part (128a) in the form of a crown connected to a cylindrical peripheral part (128b), and at least one opening (127) disposed between said central part (128a) and said peripheral part (128b ) of the rear flange (120) for directing the outside air sent by the external fan (140) into passages formed by the set of cooling fins (131) of the external surface of the carcass (130).
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Electric machine according to one of claims 8 and 9, in which the external fan (140) comprises an external air drive wheel mounted on the rotation shaft (160) between the external face (122) of the rear flange (120) and the third bearing (104), and in which the fixed metal support (106) for the position sensor (101) is connected to the carcass by being fixed to a protective plate (129) covering the external fan (140), said protective plate (129) having orifices (129a) for the entry of outside air and being fixed to the peripheral part (128b) of the rear flange (120).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Closed electrical machine according to one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the carcass (130) and the front and rear flanges form a sealed housing, and wherein the cooling system further comprises a pair of internal fans (181 , 182) arranged inside the carcass (130, 230) to create an air flow inside the carcass during the rotation of the rotor (150), each fan being mounted fixed on the shaft rotation (160, 260) between the rotor body (150) and a bearing (171, 172, and the internal face of each of the front and rear end plates comprising fins (113, 123) arranged on a peripheral part of the first and second housings (116a, 126a, 216a, 226a) of the flanges for orienting the air flow and capturing the heat of said air flow.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the magnetic position sensor integrated into the machine has a protection index
    IP67 according to European standard EN 60529.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, having a power between 20 kW and 75 kW.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Electric machine according to any one of the preceding claims, with synchronous reluctance.
    1/4
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN207166316U|2018-03-30|
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    JP2020513723A|2020-05-14|
    CN108134485A|2018-06-08|
    EP3549241A2|2019-10-09|
    FR3059852B1|2019-08-23|
    WO2018099667A2|2018-06-07|
    WO2018099667A3|2018-08-16|
    US10873248B2|2020-12-22|
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    法律状态:
    2017-12-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-06-08| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180608 |
    2018-12-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-12-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1661795A|FR3059852B1|2016-12-01|2016-12-01|ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE INCORPORATING A MAGNETIC POSITION SENSOR.|
    FR1661795|2016-12-01|FR1661795A| FR3059852B1|2016-12-01|2016-12-01|ROTATING ELECTRIC MACHINE INCORPORATING A MAGNETIC POSITION SENSOR.|
    CN201710334650.3A| CN108134485A|2016-12-01|2017-05-12|Electric rotating machine with integral type magnetic position sensor|
    CN201720528016.9U| CN207166316U|2016-12-01|2017-05-12|Electric rotating machine with integral type magnetic position sensor|
    EP17792042.8A| EP3549241A2|2016-12-01|2017-10-30|Rotating electrical machine including a magnetic position sensor|
    JP2019529549A| JP2020513723A|2016-12-01|2017-10-30|Rotating electric machine including magnetic position sensor|
    PCT/EP2017/077740| WO2018099667A2|2016-12-01|2017-10-30|Rotating electrical machine including a magnetic position sensor|
    US16/465,480| US10873248B2|2016-12-01|2017-10-30|Rotating electrical machine including a magnetic position sensor|
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