• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
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    • 专利摘要:
    A method and apparatus are described for controlling wellbore pressure within a wellbore during a puncturing event by changing a state of a valve system multiple times. The information generated on the wellbore pressure inside the wellbore can be received. A state of the valve system, which is positioned relative to a chamber within the wellbore, can be changed multiple times based on the information received to create a plurality of pressure conditions that substantially correspond to a reference pressure profile. Each of the plurality of pressure conditions is selected from an underpressure condition and an overpressure condition.
    公开号:FR3059701A1
    申请号:FR1760142
    申请日:2017-10-27
    公开日:2018-06-08
    发明作者:Thomas Earl Burky；Dennis J. HAGGERTY；James Marshall Barker
    申请人:Halliburton Energy Services Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Technical area
    The present disclosure generally relates to a perforation assembly, and specifically, an autonomous pressure regulation assembly provided with a change of state valve system which changes state multiple times.
    Context
    During a casing piercing event that extends inside a wellbore, a transient pressure response occurs when the initially static pressures of the well puncher, the wellbore and the surrounding tank are dynamically connected. This response is very rapid, on the order of a millisecond, and the shape of the pressure profile is dependent on factors such as the characteristics of the surrounding reservoir, the wellbore and a well perforation system associated with the event. Often, the creation of a dynamic overpressure and / or underpressure is necessary to produce a specific transient time-pressure profile during the perforation event. Underpressure allows the perforations to arise and clean, and also reduces the skin effects caused by damage to the formation. An overpressure helps the performance of the degradation of the formation during the perforation. A baseline time-pressure profile can include one or more underpressures or overpressures during the transient pressure response, and generally, balance often competing mechanisms such as formation / infectivity production, stability of the perforation tunnel, sand control and the integrity of the barrel and the wellbore. Therefore, the baseline time-pressure profile for the puncture event may be specific to that puncture event and may be based on factors associated with the reservoir, the wellbore and the cannon system. However, a pressure regulation assembly for the perforation events is assembled and "adjusted" before the assembly is lowered to the bottom of the well. Therefore, whatever unknown factors may occur at the bottom of the well before or during the perforation event, the assembly operates according to the previously loaded instructions which are based on the reference time-pressure profile. That is to say, there is no possibility of adjusting the settings or the instructions of the assembly if unknown or unexplained factors arise which cause a shift of the time profile-transient pressure compared to the time profile - reference pressure. This can cause deviations between an actual downhole pressure and a reference time pressure profile, which can lead to an explosion of the barrel, separation of the train, sagging and / or yielded casing, movement of the shutter and suboptimal production.
    Brief description of the figures
    Various embodiments of the present description will be better understood from the detailed description given below and from the appended illustrations of various embodiments of the description. In the illustrations, identical reference numbers may indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
    FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an offshore oil and gas platform coupled in operation to an autonomous annular pressure regulation assembly for a puncture event, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 2 illustrates a side view of the assembly of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 3A illustrates a sectional view of a part of the assembly of FIG. 1 in a first configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 3B illustrates a sectional view of the part of the assembly of FIG. 3A in a second configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    Figure 4 is an illustrative diagram of a portion of the assembly of Figure 1 which provides a feedback loop, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    Figure 5 is an illustrative diagram of a feedback loop of Figure 4, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 6 illustrates a method of operating the assembly of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a reference time-pressure profile, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating another reference time-pressure profile, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 9 is an illustrative diagram of another embodiment of a part of the assembly of FIG. 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the part of the assembly comprising a tube and a valve system;
    Figure 10 is an illustrative diagram of an axial cross-sectional view of the tube and the valve system of Figure 9 in a first state, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    Figure 11 is an illustrative diagram of a side view of the tube and the valve system of Figure 9 in a second state, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 12 is a graph illustrating a time-pressure profile created by part of the assembly of FIG. 9, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 13 is a graph illustrating a time-pressure profile created by a part of the assembly of FIG. 9, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating a time-pressure profile created by part of the assembly of FIG. 9, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    Figure 15 is an illustrative diagram of yet another embodiment of a portion of the assembly of Figure 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 16 is a graph illustrating a time-pressure profile created by part of the assembly of FIG. 15, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    Figure 17 is an illustrative diagram of yet another embodiment of part of the assembly of Figure 1, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 18 includes graphs illustrating the time-pressure profiles created by a part of the assembly of FIG. 17, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 19A is an illustrative diagram of another embodiment of the part of the assembly of FIG. 17 in a first configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 19B is an illustrative diagram of another embodiment of a part of the assembly of FIG. 19A in a second configuration, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 20 are graphs illustrating the time-pressure profiles created by a part of the assembly of FIG. 19, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    FIG. 21 are graphs illustrating time-pressure profiles created by another embodiment of a part of the assembly of FIG. 19, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;
    detailed description
    Illustrative embodiments and related methods of the present disclosure are described below since they could be used in a self-contained ring pressure control assembly for a puncture event and a method of operating the same . For the sake of clarity, the characteristics of an implementation or of a process are not all described in this description. It will, of course, be appreciated that in the development of any actual embodiment, many implementation-specific decisions must be made in order to achieve the specific objectives of the developers, such as compliance with system-related constraints or monetary considerations, which will vary from one materialization to another. In addition, it will be appreciated that such a development effort may be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those skilled in the art who benefit from this disclosure. Other aspects and advantages of the various embodiments and related methods of the disclosure will become apparent from the following description and figures.
    The foregoing disclosure may repeat reference numbers and / or letters in the various exempt forms. This repetition has the objective of simplification and clarification and does not itself dictate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or configurations presented. In addition, terms with spatial connotations, such as "below", "below", "below", "above", "above", "at the top of the well", "at the bottom of the well" , "Upstream", "downstream", etc. , can be used here to facilitate the description in order to describe the relation of an element or characteristic to one or more elements or one or more characteristics illustrated in the figures. The terms with spatial connotation are intended to encompass different orientations of the apparatus used or in operation in addition to the orientation illustrated in the figures. For example, if the apparatus in the figures is returned, elements which are described as being "below" or "below" other elements or characteristics will then be oriented "above" the other elements or characteristics. Thus, the example of the term "below" can encompass both an orientation from above and from below. The device can be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 ° or in any other orientation) and the spatial descriptions used here can, in the same way, be interpreted accordingly.
    FIG. 1 is an illustrative diagram of an offshore oil and gas platform generally called 10, coupled in operation as an example to an autonomous annular pressure regulation assembly for a perforation event, according to the present disclosure. Such an assembly could, moreover, as well be coupled to a semi-submersible or to a drilling vessel. But also, even if FIG. 1 illustrates an offshore operation, it must be understood by specialists in the field that the apparatus according to the present disclosure is also well suited for use in land operations. By convention, in the following discussion, even if FIG. 1 illustrates a vertical wellbore, it must be understood by specialists in the field that the apparatus according to the present invention is also well suited for use in wellbore having other orientations, including horizontal drilling wells, inclined drilling wells, multilateral drilling wells etc. Therefore, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the use of directional terms here such as: "above", "below", "upper", "lower", "up", "towards the bottom "," on the left "," on the right "," at the top of the hole "," at the bottom of the hole ", etc. , is done in relation to the illustrative embodiments as illustrated in the figures, the upward direction being upwards of the corresponding figure and the downward direction being downwards of the corresponding figure, the direction upward of the hole being toward the well surface and downward direction of the hole being toward the well shoe.
    Still referring to the offshore oil and gas platform of the example of Figure 1, a semi-submersible platform 15 can be positioned above a submerged oil and gas formation 20 located below a seabed 25. An underwater conduit 30 can extend from a plate 35 of the platform 15 to an underwater wellhead installation 40, comprising obturator blocks 45. The platform 15 may include a lifting device 50 , a derrick 55, a movable block 60, a hook 65 and a pivot 70 for raising and lowering the sets of rods, such as a substantially tubular casing column extending axially 75.
    As in the present exemplary embodiment of Figure 1, a borehole or wellbore 80 extends through the various earth layers, including formation 20, with part of the wellbore 80 having a column of casing 85 cemented therein. Arranged inside the casing column 85 of the wellbore 80, is a self-contained annular pressure regulation assembly 90, which forms a ring 95 between an external surface 90a of the perforation assembly 90 and the column casing 85.
    Figure 2 illustrates a side view of the assembly 90, which generally includes a sensor system 105; a controller 110 and one or more pressure adjustment devices (“PAD”) 115, such as a pressure increasing device 120, a perforating barrel 125 and a pressure reducing valve, or a pressure device pressure reduction 130. Generally, each of the PADs 115 is a pressure generator which temporarily adjusts the annular pressure of the fluid with the ring 95.
    The perforation barrel 125 is a downhole tool which perforates the casing column 85. The perforation column 125 may comprise hollow charges (not shown); a detonator cord (not shown); a detonator (not shown) and a means of transport for the shaped charges (not shown). Even if a single perforation cannon 125 is illustrated in FIG. 2, any number of perforation cannons can be placed along the assembly 90 and / or on the casing column 75.
    The sensor system 105 may include a sensor 105a, such as a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor and / or an acceleration sensor. The sensor 105a can be a mechanical or electronic sensor. For example, the sensor 105a can be a pressure sensor;
    a piezoelectric sensor; a strain gauge or any other similar electronic sensor. In addition, the sensor 105a can comprise one or more pistons (with or without coupling to a reference chamber charged at a predetermined pressure); a bursting disc or a series of bursting discs; a shear clearance; such as shear pins; or any other similar mechanical sensor. Generally, the sensor 105a is in communication with a liquid, such as a fluid, which is inside the ring 95 and measures an annular pressure of the liquid inside the ring 95. The assembly 90 can comprise a sensor 105a or any number of sensors spaced along the assembly 90 and / or of the casing column 75.
    The pressure increasing device 120 is a device that temporarily increases the pressure inside the ring 95. For example, the pressure increasing device 120 may be a mechanism or a tool that includes a material energetic which is initiated by a variety of processes, such as, for example, through the use of electronic or mechanical percussion or upon impact, etc. The energetic material may include explosives or propellants to generate a gas, etc. Furthermore, the pressure increasing device 120 can be a mechanism or a tool which comprises an exothermic material making it possible to generate heat and thus cause an increase in pressure, or can comprise a combination of an energetic material and exothermic. Although the pressure increasing device 120 is illustrated as being located above the perforating barrel 125 in Figure 2, the pressure increasing device 120 can be located anywhere along the assembly 90. In addition, the pressure increasing device 120 may be one of a plurality of pressure increasing devices located along the assembly 90 and / or of the casing column 75.
    The pressure reduction device 130 is a device that temporarily decreases the pressure inside the ring 95. For example, the pressure reduction device 130 can be a mechanism or a tool that includes an atmospheric chamber. The atmospheric chamber can be introduced or placed in communication with the fluid in the ring 95 in a variety of ways, such as, for example, by energy ventilation or mechanical ventilation. Energy ventilation can include a hollow charge discharge to penetrate a wall separating the atmospheric chamber and the fluid in the ring 95. Mechanical ventilation can comprise the rupture of a rupture disk or the exposure of a volume through a sliding sleeve. Furthermore, the pressure reduction device 130 may be a mechanism or a tool which comprises a mandrel or a housing which allows a change in the internal volume of the mandrel or of the housing, to allow the fluid in the ring 95 to entering a previously unavailable volume inside the mandrel or the mandrel in order to reduce the pressure of the fluid in the ring 95. In addition, the pressure reducing device 130 may be a mechanism or a tool which comprises a material endothermic which removes heat when activated and thus causes a reduction in the pressure in the fluid of the ring 95. In one embodiment, the pressure reduction device 130 is an energy sink. Even if the pressure reduction device 130 is illustrated as being located below the perforating barrel 125 in FIG. 2, the pressure reduction device 130 can be located anywhere along the assembly 90. In addition, the pressure reduction device 130 may be one of a plurality of pressure reduction devices 130 located along the assembly 90 and / or of the casing column 75.
    FIGS. 3A and 3B are sectional views of part of an embodiment of the assembly 90 in which the device for reducing the pressure 130 is a mechanical ventilation of an atmospheric chamber and the device for increasing of pressure 120 is an energetic material which is a propellant. The assembly 90 as shown in FIG. 3A is a first part in which the pressure reducing device 130 is in the adjusted position and the pressure increasing device 120 is in the adjusted position . The assembly 90 of FIG. 3A comprises a tube 132 which forms an interior of a passage 135. A sliding sleeve 140 is placed inside the passage 135 and fixed, using a plurality of shear pins 145, relative to the tube 132. The shear pins 145 prevent or limit the axial movement of the sliding sleeve 140 relative to the tube 132, the sliding sleeve blocking an orifice 150 extending through an external wall of the tube 132. Consequently, when in the first position, a volume inside the sliding sleeve 140 is fluidly isolated from an external surface 132a of the tube 132 and from the fluid inside the ring 95. A detonator 155 is extended inside the tube 132 and is in contact with a puck of the propellant 160. The assembly 90 also includes a propellant 161 which is placed inside a part of the interior passage 135 of the tube 132 near a or several orifices 162 which extend at t through the outer wall of the tube 132. When the detonator 15 'detonates the propellant puck 160, the puck 160 explodes and creates a gas. This, in turn, results in shearing of the shear pins 145 by the sliding sleeve 140 so that the sliding sleeve 140 can move axially relative to the tube 132 to unblock the orifice 150. That is to say, after the detonation of the propeller puck 160, the orifice 150 is “open” and a volume of fluid, which is located near the external surface 132a of the tube 132, in this case of the fluid inside the ring 95, enters the passage 135 of the tube 132 in order to temporarily reduce the annular pressure of the fluid or gas inside the ring 95. In addition, when the detonator 155 detonates the propellant 161, an energetic reaction is produced and the energy reaction products are oriented through orifices 162 to temporarily increase the annular pressure of the fluid or gas inside the ring 95. The assembly 90 as shown in FIG. 3B is found in a second position in which the propellant puck 160 of the pressure reducing device 130 has been detonated and the propellant 161 of the pressure increasing device 120 has been detonated. The assembly 90 as shown in Figures 3A and 3B represents only an example, and there are multiple pressure reducing devices 130 and different pressure increasing devices 120. For example, the propellant could be ignited in several small increasing doses which have fast combustion transitions and multiple detonators on multiple propellants causing rapid increases or decreases in the rapid combustion transient pressure (when introducing chambers atmospheric to the fluid inside the ring 95). Furthermore, the assembly 90 may comprise a propellant dosed or biased by pressure. For the sake of clarity, only one detonation means initiated by the controller 110 for the P AD 115 is illustrated along the casing column 75. However, in other embodiments, parallel and independent detonation means can be supplied for each of the P AD 115 in the casing column 75 with independent and parallel sensors 105a connected to the controller 110.
    FIG. 4 is an illustrative diagram of a part of the assembly 90 which includes the controller 110, the PDA 115 is the sensor 105a. As shown in FIG. 4, the controller 110 comprises a computer-readable medium 170 linked in operation thereto and a database 175 which is stored on the computer-readable medium 170. The instructions which the controller 110 can access, and which can be executed by it, are stored on the computer-readable medium 170. In some embodiments, data such as, for example, data relating to a reference time-pressure profile or a plurality of profiles reference time-pressure, data relating to maximum underpressure, data relating to maximum overpressure, data relating to a measured excess pressure peak and ίο data relating to a measured excess pressure peak are stored within the base of data 175. In addition and as illustrated, the sensor 105a, the pressure increasing device 120, the pressure reducing device 130 and the barrel perforation 125 are in communication with the controller 110. The controller 110 can also be in communication with a power source 165 so that the controller 110 is powered by the power source 165. The power source 165 can be a battery, generator, "smooth cable", etc. In some embodiments, the assembly 90 may also include a telemetry module (not shown), which may or may not be wired. In addition, the sensor 105a can be in communication with the power source 165 so that the sensor 105a is powered by the power source 165. In an exemplary embodiment, the controller 110 is a proportional controller, integral and derivative (PID controller).
    Figure 5 is an illustrative diagram of a feedback loop 180 which is formed from the controller 110, at least one of the PADs 115 and the sensor 105a. Generally, the data stored in the database 175, such as the reference pressure, represents the input for the control of the feedback loop 180. However, when the reference pressure is a peak measured overpressure or a sub- peak measured pressure, the reference pressure can be a historic measured annular pressure or a previously measured annular pressure. The controlled variable is the annular pressure of the fluid inside the ring 95 and it is measured by the sensor 105a. The measured ring pressure represents the feedback for the feedback loop 180 and is compared to the input to identify an error, or difference, between the feedback and the input. Based on the difference between the measured annular pressure and the reference pressure, the controller 110 manipulates or adjusts the annular pressure of the fluid inside the ring 95 by activating one of the PAD 115. The activation of one of the PADs 115 affects the annular pressure of the fluid inside the ring 95, which is then measured by the sensor 105a and then compared to the reference pressure. The loop continues so that the annular pressure is controlled using the feedback loop 180 inside the assembly 90. The reference pressure can be time independent, eg, when the reference pressure is overpressure maximum or maximum underpressure. However, the reference pressure may be time dependent. Therefore, the reference pressure or input to the feedback loop 180 may change during the perforation event. In addition, the reference pressure may be relative to the measured annular pressure itself, e.g., when the reference pressure is a peak measured overpressure or underpressure. Anyway, the use of a reference pressure which is time dependent, independent of time or relative to the annular pressure itself measured as the input to the feedback loop 180, results in the control of the dynamic transient time-pressure profile by the assembly 90, or the time-pressure profile which is based on the measured annular pressure.
    FIG. 6 illustrates a method of operating the assembly 90. Reference is generally made to the method by the reference number 185 and it includes the storage of the data relating to the reference time-pressure profile inside the controller 110 to step 190; the extension of the assembly 90 inside the casing column 85 in step 195; measuring the downhole pressure inside the ring 95 in step 200; detonating the perforating barrel 125 in step 205; identifying a first pressure measured in step 210; identifying a first difference between the first pressure measured and a first reference pressure in step 215; adjusting the annular pressure based on the first difference in step 220; identifying a second pressure measured in step 225; identifying a second difference between the second pressure measured and a second reference pressure in step 230; and adjusting the ring pressure in response to the second difference in step 235.
    In step 190, the data relating to the reference time-pressure profile are stored inside the assembly 90. FIG. 7 is a graph which is generally referred to by the reference number 240 which illustrates an example of the profile reference pressure time associated with a perforation event. As shown in Figure 7, the reference pressure time profile 240 includes a sudden pressure boost 250 of the pressure (reference pressure illustrated by line 255) followed by: a first underpressure 260; an overpressure 265 and then a second underpressure 270. The reference pressures associated with the time pressure profile 240 may include a pressure at the point (tl, pl); a pressure at the point (t2, p2) and a pressure at the point (t3, p3). The point (tl, pl) is defined by a peak overpressure created by the detonation of the perforation cannon 125. Considering the reference time-pressure profile 240 and at the point (tl, pl), a reduction device pressure is triggered to create the underpressure 260. The point (t2, p2) is defined by a peak underpressure at the end of which the underpressure 260 begins to decrease. Again, considering the reference time-pressure profile 240 and at the point (t2, p2), a device for increasing the pressure is triggered to create the overpressure 265. The point (t3, p3) is defined by a second peak overpressure after which the overpressure 265 begins to decrease. Considering the reference time-pressure profile 240 and at the point (t3, p3), a second pressure reduction device is triggered to create the second underpressure 270. Consequently, when the points (tl, pl) (i.e., the first reference pressure), (t2, p2) (i.e., the second reference pressure) and (t3, p3) (i.e. ., the third reference pressure) are defined by peak pressures, each of the first, second and third reference pressures are pressures which are relative to the measured annular pressure itself. In this embodiment, the shape of the reference time-pressure profile 240 is determined before the perforation event during the job pre-planning. Generally, the reference time-pressure profile 240 is based on a modeling of the puncture event, the puncture event generally comprising a period of time before, during and after the detonation of the puncture barrel 125. In an example As an embodiment, the data used to create the reference time-pressure profile 240 includes data related to the perforation, such as the properties of the formation, the design of the wellbore and the characteristics of the gun system. The shape of the reference time-pressure profile 240, or the pressure plot, influences important results including cleaning the perforation tunnel, tunnel stability, sand control and the integrity of the gun system. The accuracy of the reference pressure time profile 240 is dependent on the accuracy of the data related to the perforation. Often a deviation from the reference time-pressure profile 240 can lead to sub-optimal results, thereby increasing the potential for tunnel collapse, premature sand production, failed production / injectivity and even a failure of the cannon train.
    In step 195, the assembly 90 is extended inside the casing column 85. The assembly 90 can be transported to a desired depth in the wellbore 80 by various means, such as for example, by a "cable line", a perforation system transported by casing ("TCP"), a coiled casing or a "smooth cable".
    In step 200, the sensor 105a measures the pressure of the bottom of the well inside the ring 95. In an exemplary embodiment, the sensor 105a measures the annular pressure when it has gone down inside of the casing column 85 and continues to measure the annular pressure when the assembly 90 is positioned at a perforation location inside the casing column 85. However, in other embodiments, the sensor 105a begins to measure the annular pressure after a predetermined period of time or after the occurrence of other triggering events after the assembly 90 has descended inside the wellbore 80. Generally, and as the sensor 105a is in communication with the controller 110, the controller 110 receives the measured ring pressure and it can be stored inside the database 175. Generally, the measured ring pressure forms a dynamic time-pressure profile which is associated with the perforation event, or a dynamic transient pressure profile.
    In step 205, the perforation gun 125 is triggered. Based on the reference time-pressure profile 240, a programmed event or the receipt of another instruction, the controller 110 triggers the perforation cannon L25 so that the casing column 85 is perforated. The activation of the perforation cannon 125 corresponds to a point (tO, pO) of the reference time-pressure profile 240. The activation of the perforation cannon 125 causes a pressure surge similar to a sudden pressure 250 of the time-pressure profile Reference 240. Generally, the triggering of the perforation cannon 125 causes an abrupt pressure surge in the annular pressure measured to restore (after the installation of the casing column 85) the communication between the wellbore 80 and the formation 20 The punch cannon 125 can be triggered by a variety of means and is not limited by the trigger by the controller 110. For example, the punch cannon 125 can be triggered based on a timer inside the perforation cannon 125, a sensor on the perforation cannon 125, or receiving another instruction.
    In step 210, a first measured pressure is identified at the level of the controller 110.
    In step 215, the controller 110 identifies or determines a first difference between the first pressure measured and the first reference pressure. In this embodiment and in step 215, the input for the feedback loop 180 is a previously measured annular pressure and the first measured annular pressure is a most recently measured annular pressure. Therefore, the controller 110 identifies when the measured peak overpressure (point (tl, pl)) has been reached by comparing the previously measured annular pressure to the most recently measured annular pressure (i.e., determining the first difference).
    In step 220, the annular pressure is adjusted using the PADs 115. Specifically, after determination by the controller 110 that the measured annular pressure has reached the measured peak overpressure, the controller 110 triggers the device for reducing the pressure 130 so that the measured annular pressure will be reduced or temporarily decreased.
    The controller 110 can trigger the pressure reduction device 130 or any of the PADs 115 by sending a signal to the first pressure reduction device 130 or to any of the PADs 115. In this embodiment, the triggering of the pressure activation device 130 can cause an underpressure, similar to the first underpressure 260 of the reference time-pressure profile 240. Generally, the first under pressure 260 is intended to clean the tunnels after gas fracturing.
    In step 225, a second measured pressure is identified at the level of the controller 110.
    In step 230, the controller 110 identifies or determines a second difference between the second pressure measured and the second reference pressure. Step 230 is substantially similar to step 215 except that the second reference pressure is a measured peak underpressure. Therefore, the controller 110 identifies when the measured peak underpressure has been reached by comparing the previously measured annular pressure to the most recently measured annular pressure (i.e., determining the second difference).
    In step 235, the annular pressure is adjusted using the PADs 115. Specifically, after determination by the controller 110 that the measured annular pressure has reached the peak underpressure (point (t2, p2)), the controller 110 triggers the pressure increasing device 120. The triggering of the pressure increasing device 120 can cause an overpressure similar to the overpressure 265 of the reference time-pressure profile 240. Generally, the overpressure 265 is intended cracking the rock of formation 20 by gas fracturing after cleaning the perforation tunnels.
    Steps similar to steps 210, 215 and 220 can be performed with a third reference pressure during which the controller 110 actuates a second pressure reduction device 130 when the measured annular pressure reaches another peak overpressure (point ( t3, p3)) so as to create a second pressure, similar to the second pressure of 270 of the reference time-pressure profile 240. The second pressure 270 is generally created to clean tunnels after gas fracturing .
    The method 185 can be modified in different ways. For example, the detonation of the perforating barrel 125 in step 205 can occur after triggering of the pressure increasing device 120. FIG. 8 is a graph which is generally called by the reference numeral 275 which illustrates another reference time-pressure profile which comprises a first overpressure 280; a second overpressure 285; a third overpressure 290; and a first underpressure 295. Using the time-pressure profile 275, the assembly 90 activates a device for increasing the pressure 120 at or after a point indicated by the number 300. After the assembly 90 determines that the annular pressure has reached a peak in response to the triggering of the pressure increasing device 120, the assembly 90 detonates the perforating barrel 125 at a point indicated by the number 305, which causes the overpressure 285. After the assembly 90 determines that the annular pressure has reached a peak in response to the triggering of the perforation cannon 125, the assembly 90 triggers another device for increasing the pressure 120 at the point indicated by the number 310, which causes the overpressure 290. After the assembly 90 determines that the annular pressure has reached a peak in response to the triggering of another pressure increasing device 120, the assembly 90 triggers a pressure reduction device 130 at a point indicated by the number 315, which causes the underpressure 295.
    Method 185 can be modified in additional ways. For example, the reference pressures can be associated with a maximum overpressure so that the controller 110 can trigger the pressure reduction device 130 when the measured annular pressure is at or exceeds the maximum overpressure. Therefore, by reducing the annular pressure, the assembly 90 can avoid damage to the formation 20, the assembly 90, the casing column 85 and other structures due to overpressurization. Furthermore, when the reference pressure is a maximum underpressure, the controller 110 can trigger the pressure increasing device 120 when the measured pressure is at or exceeds the maximum underpressure. Thus, by increasing the annular pressure, the assembly 90 can prevent damage to the formation, to the assembly 90, to the casing column 85 and to other structures due to an overpressure above the overpressure. . Furthermore, the pressure increasing device 120 can be triggered when the controller 110 determines that a predetermined reference overpressure has not been reached. Thus, if the measured overpressure is not sufficient, the assembly 90 can increase the overpressure by triggering the pressure increasing device 120. Likewise, the pressure reducing device 130 can be triggered when the controller 110 determines that a predetermined reference underpressure has not been reached. Thus, if the measured underpressure is not sufficient, the assembly 90 can increase the underpressure by triggering the pressure reduction device 130. In addition, and when the sensor 105a is one or more piston type accumulators such that e.g. a gas accumulator which is a hydraulic accumulator with gas as the compressible medium which is charged to a specific reference pressure, method 185 can also be modified in that steps 210 and 215 are omitted and rather , the adjustment of the annular pressure in step 220 is done in response to the movement of the piston of the piston type accumulator.
    In another exemplary embodiment, data relating to a plurality of reference time-pressure profiles is to be stored within the controller 110 of the assembly 90 in step 190. Data relating to a plurality of profiles reference time-pressure can be stored in the controller 110 of the assembly 90. The logic data can be stored in the controller 110 so that the controller 110 is able to select, based on the parameters measured by the sensor 105a , the input (ie, one of the plurality of reference time-pressure profiles) for the feedback loop 180. In addition, the data for a default reference time-pressure profile can be stored in the controller 110 of the assembly 90 before the assembly 90 is lowered inside the wellbore 80. Then, when measuring the downhole parameters using the sensor 105a , the controller can, based on s For the measured downhole parameters, determine that a reference time-pressure profile that is different from the default reference time-pressure profile should be used as the input for the feedback loop 180. This is that is, the assembly 90 can choose the input for the feedback loop 180 based on the feedback from the sensor 105a.
    The order of the components (i.e., PADs 115, sensor system 105, controller 110) in the punch assembly 90 is not fixed and can be interchanged as required. In addition, multiple components of each type can be included in the downpipe 75 to allow additional flexibility. In an exemplary embodiment, a variety of assemblies 90 can be spaced along the descent rod 75.
    FIG. 9 illustrates part of another embodiment of the assembly 90. The other embodiment of the assembly 90 comprises a sensor system 105, the controller 110 and another embodiment of the reduction device the pressure 130 which is generally called by the number 900. The pressure reduction device 130 is in communication with the controller 110. The pressure reduction device 900 comprises a tube 901 which forms a chamber 902 and a system of valve 904.
    The chamber 902 is a pressure chamber which is used to temporarily reduce the annular pressure measured in the ring 95 and, in turn, to reduce the pressure in the formation 20. The chamber 902 can be an expansion chamber in this that the chamber 902 is designed to receive fluid from the ring 95 to reduce the annular pressure measured in the ring 95. The tube 901 has an external surface 910 and an internal surface 911 which defines at least part of the chamber 902. The ring 95 (illustrated in FIG. 1) is formed between the external surface 910 and the casing column 85.
    The valve system 904 can be positioned relative to the chamber 902 to control or allow fluid flow into the chamber 902 from the ring 95, thereby reducing the annular pressure measured in the ring 95. As demonstrated in the FIG. 9, the valve system 904 is in fluid communication with a chamber 902 and can at least partially extend inside the chamber 902 or define a part of the chamber 902.
    The sensor system 105 can be positioned away from the valve system 904 to reduce the effect of the fluid flow rate flowing through the valve system 904 on any pressure measurement or other types of generated measurements. by the sensor system 105. That is to say, at least part of the chamber 902 extends between the valve system 904 and the pressure sensor 105a. However, in certain implementations, the valve system 904 may extend between the chamber 902 and the pressure sensor 105a or vice versa. Other arrangements of the valve system 904, of the chamber 902 and of the pressure sensor 105a are also envisaged here. The sensor system 105 can send information, such as the measured ring pressure, generated by the sensor system 105 to the controller 110 for processing. The sensor system 105 can send information to the controller 110 wirelessly. In some illustrative examples, the sensor system 105 may send information to the controller 101 through one or more wired communication links.
    The controller 110 is operatively coupled to the valve system 904 and controls the change of state of the valve system 904 multiple times based on information from the sensor system 105. For example, the controller 110 can control the valve system 904 for moving valve system 904 from a first state to a second state and, later, from the second state back to the first state. In this example, the first state can be a closed state and the second state can be an open state. In another example, the controller 110 can control the valve system 904 to move the valve system 904 from a first state to a second state, from a second to a third state, and from the third state back to either first state or second state. In this example, the first state can be a fully closed state, the second state can be a fully open state, and the third state can be a partially closed state. In this way, the controller 110 can control the valve system 904 to switch between multiple states any number of times. The valve system 904 may include one or more valves and an actuation mechanism that allows the valve system 904 to change state multiple times. The controller 110 controls the operation of the valve system 904 to create measured ring pressures which substantially correspond to the reference pressure profile which is stored in the controller 110 for the pressure of the wellbore. Each of the annular pressures measured can be either under an underpressure condition, such as a dynamic underpressure condition, or an overpressure condition, such as a dynamic overpressure condition.
    FIG. 10 is an illustrative diagram of an axial cross-sectional view of the tube 901 and of the valve system 904 located inside the chamber 902. The tube 901 forms a plurality of orifices which extend through the wall of the tube 901. The plurality of ports includes ports 1002, 1004, 1006 and 1008. However, any number of ports is considered here. The valve system 904 comprises a rotary tube 1009 forming an internal passageway 1010. The internal passageway 1010 at least partially defines the chamber 902 or is in fluid communication with the chamber 902. The tube 1009 also forms a plurality of ports which extend through the wall of tube 1009. The plurality of valve ports include valve ports 1014, 1016, 1018 and 1020. However, any number of ports are considered here.
    The valve system 904 is illustrated in a closed state in Figure 10. When the valve system 904 is in the closed state, the tube 1009 is rotated relative to the tube 901 so that the plurality of valve ports does not line up with the plurality of holes. That is, the wall of the tube 1009 extends over the entirety of each of the orifices 1002, 1004, 1006 and 1008. Consequently, the internal passageway 1010 and, thus, the chamber 902 are fluidly isolated from the 'ring 95.
    FIG. 11 is an illustrative diagram of a side view of the valve system 904 situated inside the chamber 902. The valve system 904 is illustrated in the open state in FIG. 11. In the open state, a plurality of valve orifices is substantially aligned with the plurality of orifices. As shown in Figure 11, the valve ports 1016 and 1020 are aligned with the ports 1002 and 1006, respectively, so that fluid can flow between the ring 95 and the chamber 902. For example, when the valve system 904 is in the open state, chamber 902 and ring 95 are in fluid communication through the interior of passageway 1010 and ports 1002, 1004, 1006, 1008, 1014, 1016, 1018 and 1020. In addition to the tube 901, the valve system 904 comprises a rotary body 1102, a rotary actuating plate 1104 and an actuating system 1106. The rotary actuating plate 1104 can be coupled to the rotary body 1102. The actuation system 1106 can be coupled to the rotary actuation plate 1104. The rotary body 1102 can be coupled in rotation to the tube 901 and fixedly coupled to the tube 1009.
    The operation of the actuation system 1106 can cause the rotation of the rotary body 1102, the rotary actuation plate 1104 and the tube 1109 about the axis 1108. For example, the actuation system 1106 can comprise a first set of actuators 1110, a second set of actuators 1112 and a third set of actuators 1114 which are coupled to the rotary actuation plate 1104. Each of these three sets of actuators may include a first actuator for pivoting the body rotary 1102 in a first direction of rotation 1116 around the axis 1108 and a second actuator for rotating the rotary body 1102 in a second rotary direction 1118 around the axis 1108. The rotation of the rotary body 1102 causes a change of state of the valve system 904 by rotation of the tube 1009 and, thus, the alignment or misalignment of the orifices 1002, 1004, 1006 and 1008 with the orifices 1014, 1016, 1018 and 1020, respectively. For example, rotation of the rotary body 1102 in one of the first direction of rotation 1116 or the second direction of rotation 1118 can cause the valve system 904 to move in an open state, while rotation in the other direction of rotation can cause the valve system 904 to move to a closed state.
    The controller 110 is in communication with and controls each set of actuators 1110, 1112 and 1114 in the actuation system 1106 based on information, such as the measured ring pressure from the sensor system 105. Even if the system 1106 actuator of Figure 11 is described as comprising only three sets of actuators, the 1106 actuation system may include any number of actuator sets which allows the valve system 904 to change state multiple times .
    The actuation system 1106 may include actuators which are triggered pyrotechnically. These actuators can be called pyrotechnic actuators. For example, the actuation system 1106 may include a pyrotechnic actuator which trips in response to an electrically initiated pyrotechnic charge which provides rotational force. In addition or additionally, the actuation system 1106 may include one or more other types of actuators which can be triggered to change the state of the valve system 904 more than once.
    In operation, the assembly 90 which includes the pressure reduction device 900 gives a time-pressure profile having cyclic under-pressure conditions. FIG. 12 is a graph generally called by the reference numeral 1200 which illustrates a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device for reducing the pressure 900. The time profile pressure includes a first sub-pressure 1202; a first overpressure 1204 associated with the detonation of the perforation cannon 125; a second pressure 1206; and a third underpressure 1208. Generally, the first underpressure 1202 is caused by the opening (to allow the fluid in the ring 95 to enter the chamber 902) and the closing of the valve system 904 before the detonation of the puncture barrel 125 in order to allow the fluid of the ring 95 to fill part of the chamber 902 and to reduce the loss due to penetration caused by the firing through a space of highly pressurized fluid (before touching the casing). Generally, the second sub-pressure 1206 is created by the fluid in the ring 95 entering the voids or the chambers in the puncture barrel 125 which are created by the detonation of the puncture barrel 125. The third sub-pressure 1208 is created by opening the valve system 904 to allow the fluid inside the ring 95 to enter the chamber 902, thereby reducing the pressure inside the ring 95. The second under pressure 1206 and the third under pressure 1208 sucks all the debris residues remaining in the perforation tunnels.
    FIG. 13 is a graph generally called by the reference numeral 1300 which illustrates a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device for reducing the pressure 900. The time profile pressure includes a first overpressure 1302 associated with the detonation of the perforation gun 125; a first subpressure 1304; and a second extended underpressure 1306. Generally, the first underpressure 1304 is created by the fluid in the ring 95 entering the voids or the chambers in the puncture barrel 125 which are created by the detonation of the puncture barrel 125. The second underpressure 1306 extended is created by the opening of the valve system 904 to allow the fluid inside the ring 95 to enter the chamber 902, thereby reducing the pressure inside the ring 95.
    FIG. 14 is a graph generally called by the reference number 1400 which illustrates a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device for reducing the pressure 900. The time profile pressure includes a first overpressure 1402 associated with the detonation of the perforation gun 125; a first pressure 1404; a second pressure 1406; and a third underpressure 1408. The first, second and third underpressures 1404, 1406 and 1408 are created by opening and closing the valve system 904. That is, to create a first underpressure 1404, the valve system 904 is opened so that a first part of the chamber 902 is filled with fluid coming from the ring 95 before the valve system 904 is closed. The valve system 904 is closed before that the entire chamber 902 is filled with fluid. To create the second pressure 1406, the valve system 904 is opened so that a second portion (which is larger than the first portion and includes the first portion) of the chamber 902 is filled with fluid. The valve system 904 is closed before the entire chamber 902 is filled with fluid. To create the third pressure 1408, the valve system 904 is opened so that a third part (which is larger than the second part and includes the first and second parts) of the chamber is filled with fluid from Lapse 95. In an exemplary embodiment, the first, second and third depressions 1404, 1406 and 1408 are created to "crack and clean" the perforation tunnel in a friable type formation.
    FIG. 15 illustrates a part still of another embodiment of the assembly 90. The other still embodiment of the assembly 90 comprises a sensor system 105, the controller 110 and another embodiment of the device pressure increase 120 which is generally called by the figure 1500.
    The pressure increasing device 1500 comprises a tube 1502 forming a chamber 1504 which contains the energetic material. The energetic material can take the form of a module, or, as illustrated in Figure 15, a plurality of modules 1506. The energetic material can be, for example, a propellant. As previously mentioned, ignition of the energetic material can cause an increase in the wellbore pressure and the measured ring pressure, and therefore a dynamic overpressure condition. Each of the plurality of modules 1506 can be separately controlled by the controller 110. For example, the controller 110 can send a signal to each of the plurality of modules 1506 to turn on each module. The chamber 1504 can be segmented by a first valve 1508, a second valve 1510 and a third valve 1512. In one embodiment, the valves 1508, 1510 and 1512 are discharge valves and fluidly isolate the chamber 1504 in a first segment 1504a, a second segment 1504b, a third segment 1504c and a fourth segment 1504d. In operation, the ignition of the energetic material in the second segment 1504b of the chamber 1504 opens the discharge valve 1508 and increases the pressure in the ring 95 and / or the annular pressure measured. After opening the discharge valve 1508, the first segment 1504a and the second segment 1504b of the chamber 1504 are filled with fluid coming from the ring 95. However, the fluid coming from the ring 95 does not enter the third segment 1504c because the exhaust valve 1510 remains closed. When the controller 110 determines that another overpressure event is to occur, the energetic material in the third segment 1504c is ignited to open the discharge valve 1510 and to increase the pressure in the ring 95 and / or the annular pressure measured. After opening the discharge valve 1510, the second segment 1504c of the chamber 1504 are filled with fluid coming from the ring 95. However, the fluid coming from the ring 95 does not enter the fourth segment 1504d because the exhaust valve 1512 remains closed. When the controller 110 determines that another overpressure event is to occur, the energetic material in the fourth segment 1504d is ignited to open the discharge valve 1512 and to increase the pressure in the ring 95 and / or the annular pressure measured. Thus, the pressure increasing device 1500 creates multiple independent overpressure events, each overpressure event being in response to the information received by the controller 110.
    FIG. 16 is a graph generally called by the reference numeral 1600 which illustrates a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device for increasing the pressure 1500. The time-pressure profile comprises a first overpressure 1602 associated with the detonation of the perforation cannon 125; a first pressure 1604; a second overpressure 1606; a third underpressure 1608; and a fourth overpressure 1610. When the first overpressure 1602 is associated with the detonation of the perforation barrel 125 and the first underpressure 1604 is associated with the fluid entering the chambers or the voids in the perforation barrel 125 after the event of perforation, the second, third and fourth overpressures 1606, 1608 and 1610 are created by the ignition of energetic material in the second, third and fourth segments 1504b, 1504c and 1504d, respectively. As shown in Figure 16, the second, third and fourth overpressures 1606, 1608 and 1610 can be spaced apart to assist in the release of residual debris in the perforation tunnels.
    FIG. 17 illustrates a part still of another embodiment of the assembly 90. The still further embodiment of the assembly 90 comprises a sensor system 105, the controller 110 and another embodiment of the device pressure increase 1500 which is generally called by the number 1700. The pressure increase device 1700 comprises a tube 1702 forming a chamber 1704 which contains the energetic material. Again, the energetic material can take the form of a module, or, as illustrated in Figure 17, a plurality of modules 1706. Each of the plurality of modules 1706 can be separately controlled by the controller 110. By For example, the controller 110 can send a signal to each of the plurality of modules 1706 to turn on each module. The tube 1702 is substantially similar to the tube 901, so that the tube 1702 also has a plurality of orifices 1707a and 1707b which extend through a wall of the tube 1702. However, the tube 1702 is not divided into segments by exhaust valves. The pressure increasing device 1700 also includes a valve system 1708 which is identical to the valve system 904, except that the valve system 1708 is in fluid communication with the chamber 1704. As shown in Figure 17 , the valve system 1708 extends into, or at least partially forms part of, the chamber 1704. As such, the valve system 1708 is designed to open and close in the same way as the valve system. valve 904 in the tube 901. In operation, the valve system 1708 is momentarily open to correspond to the ignition of each module in the plurality of modules 1706 or at least part of the plurality of modules 1706 and then closed to prevent fluids from ring 95 from entering chamber 1704. In some embodiments, preventing fluid from entering chamber 1704 prevents localized underpressure from occurring and / or prevents modules from re stant of the plurality of modules 1706 to come into contact with the fluid coming from the ring 95. Thus, the remainder of the plurality of modules 1706 is preserved for later use. This closure of the valve system 1708 also allows the gas (s) inside the chamber 1704 (from the ignition of the energetic material) to cool and reduce their pressure while allowing the pressure in the ring 95 or the measured ring pressure to recover from the overpressure event. After allowing the gas (es) to cool and the measured ring pressure to recover, the valve system 1708 is opened to allow the fluid in the ring 95 to enter the chamber 1704, thereby creating an underpressure event.
    Figure 18 includes a graph generally referred to by the reference numeral 1800; a graph generally called by the reference number 1802; a graph generally called by the reference number 1804 and a graph generally called by the reference number 1806, each graph illustrating a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device d pressure increase 1700. As illustrated in graphs 1800, 1802 and 1804 an overpressure event 1808, 1810 and 1812, respectively, is extended due to the closure of the valve system 1708 before the incoming fluid of ring 95 in chamber 1704. As illustrated in graph 1806, a first overpressure event 1814 and a second overpressure event 1816 can be generated by momentarily opening the valve system 1708 during ignition of a first part of the energetic material stored inside the chamber 1704, the rapid closure of the valve system 1708 to prevent the fluid coming from the ring 95 from entering the chamber 1704, followed by the momentary opening of the valve system 1708 during the ignition of the remaining part of the energetic material stored inside the chamber 1704. The event of under pressure 1818 and then created by allowing to the fluid coming from the ring 95 to enter the chamber 1704.
    FIGS. 19A and 19B illustrate a part of yet another embodiment of the assembly 90. The still further embodiment of the assembly 90 comprises a sensor system 105, the controller 110 and another embodiment. of the pressure increasing device 1700 which is generally called by the number 1900. The pressure increasing device 1900 is substantially similar to the pressure increasing device 1700 except that the pressure increasing device comprises a first valve 1710 and a second valve 1712 which fluidly isolate a first segment 1704a of the chamber 1704 from a second segment 1704b of the chamber 1704 and the second segment 1704b of the chamber 1704 from a third segment 1704c of the chamber 1704. The valves 1710 and 1712 can be discharge valves. FIG. 19A illustrates the part of the assembly 90 in a first configuration in which the energetic material is placed in each of the segments 1704a, 1704b and 1704c and the valve system 1708 is in the closed state. In operation, the valve system 1708 is momentarily opened to correspond to the ignition of the energetic material in the first segment 1704a and then closed. FIG. 19B illustrates the part of the assembly in a second configuration in which the valve system 1708 is in a closed state after ignition of the energetic material in the segment 1704a. After this closure, the gas in the first segment 1704a is cooled to reduce the pressure inside the first segment 1704a. After the gas in the first segment 1704a has cooled, the valve system 1708 is opened to allow the fluid coming from the ring 95 to fill the first segment 1704a of the chamber 1704. The valve system 1708 can then be momentarily opened to correspond to igniting the energetic material in the second segment 1704b and then closed to prevent the fluid from the ring 95 from re-entering the first segment 1704a and / or entering the second segment 1704b. Thus, by preventing fluid from entering the first and second segments 1704a and 1704b, an underpressure event is prevented or at least delayed. A similar sequence occurs for the third segment 1704c. However, the energetic material in the first segment 1704a, the second segment 1704b and the third segment 1704c can be ignited simultaneously instead of providing a delay between the ignition of each.
    FIG. 20 includes a graph generally called by the reference number 2000; a graph generally called by the 2002 reference figure; a graph generally called by the 2004 reference figure; and a graph generally called by the reference number 2006, each graph illustrating a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the device for increasing the pressure 1900.
    In another embodiment of the pressure increasing device 1900, the first segment 1704a does not contain the energetic material and, therefore, the pressure increasing device 120 is both a pressure reducing device pressure 130 and a pressure increasing device. That is, the opening of the valve system 1708 allows the fluid from the ring 95 to enter the first segment 1704a to temporarily reduce the borehole pressure or the annular pressure measured in the absence of ignition of an energetic material inside the first segment 1704a.
    FIG. 21 includes a graph generally called by the reference number 2100; a graph generally called by the reference number 2102; a graph generally called by the reference number 2104; and a graph generally called by the reference number 2106, each graph illustrating a time-pressure profile resulting from the operation of the assembly 90 when the assembly 90 includes the pressure increasing device 1900 which does not include the energetic material placed inside the first segment 1704a of the chamber 1704.
    A variety of alterations is considered here. For example, while the pressure boosters 1500 and 1900 are illustrated as having three segments which form the chamber, any number of valves can segment chambers 1504 and 1904 into any number of segments. In addition, a variety of valve systems 904 and 1708 are contemplated here, such as rack and pinion valve systems and the like. In addition, each of the charts 1200, 1300, 1400, 1600, 1800, 1802, 1804, 1806, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2100,
    2102 and 2104 is a reference time-pressure profile which is stored in the controller and which is used to control the operation of assembly 90, a dynamic time-pressure profile which is associated with the perforation event and the 'assembly 90 and which corresponds substantially to a reference profile, or a dynamic transient pressure profile which is associated with the perforation event and which corresponds substantially to a reference profile.
    In an exemplary embodiment, the method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 results in an autonomous or "intelligent" control of the annular pressure during the perforation event. During the perforation event, the assembly 90 is able to correct and adjust the annular pressure by the use of P AD 115 to reflect the reference time-pressure profile. Thus, the set 90 is an active control set, considering that it
    0 has a built-in control logic to attenuate all the differences between the actual result (input parameter measured by the sensor 105a) and the objective or the reference (parameter provided in the time profile reference parameter). The method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 can lead to an increased production of hydrocarbons from the formation 20. In addition, the method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 can cause an injectivity improved during well treatments and better sand control. The method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 can also maintain the integrity of the wellbore and protect the completion equipment. In addition, the method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 maintains the integrity of the gun system. The method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 can also be used to extend the period during which the annular pressure is adjusted during a transient pressure profile associated with
    0 a perforation event. The method 185 and / or the use of the assembly 90 results in a more efficient or effective "cleaning" of the perforated formation due to the proximity of the pressure reduction device 130 with the pressure increase device 120 That is to say, the length of the assembly 90 in the longitudinal direction is more compact and allows the underpressure to be located at, or at least to be closer to the location of the perforations of the casing. . Generally, the effects on formation 20 (i.e., underpressures and overpressures) resulting from actuation of the pressure increasing device 120 and / or the pressure decreasing device 130 are reduced when the longitudinal spacing between the perforations of the casing and the pressure increasing device 120 and the pressure reducing device 130 are increased. Thus, and because of the compact spacing of the assembly 90 and because the chambers 1504, 1704 act as the pressure increasing device 120 and the pressure decreasing device 130, the effects on formation 20 are increased. In addition, the ability to close valve systems 904 and 1708 after opening valve systems 904 and 1708 allows delay in underpressure that could be associated with fluid in ring 95 to enter new voids or chambers in tubes 1502 and 1702 which were previously unavailable before the energetic material was ignited in chambers 1504 and 1704, respectively.
    In several exemplary embodiments, while different steps, processes and procedures are described as separate actions, one or more of the steps, one or more of the processes and / or one or more of the procedures can also be performed in orders different, simultaneously and / or sequentially. In several exemplary embodiments, the steps, processes and / or procedures can be merged into one or
    0 several steps, processes and / or procedures. In several exemplary embodiments, one or more of the functional steps in each embodiment may be omitted. In addition, in some cases, certain features of this disclosure may be used without the corresponding use of other features. In addition, one or more of the embodiments and / or variations described above may be associated, in whole or in part, with
    Any one or more of the other embodiments and / or variations described above.
    Thus, an apparatus for controlling the pressure of the wellbore inside a wellbore using a valve system which can change state multiple times is described. Embodiments of the device may include receiving information
    0 generated on the pressure of the wellbore inside the wellbore; the change of a state of the valve system, which is positioned relative to a chamber inside the wellbore, multiple times based on the information received to create a plurality of pressure conditions which substantially corresponds to a profile reference pressure, wherein each of the plurality of pressure conditions is selected from an underpressure condition and an overpressure condition. For any one of the preceding embodiments, the method can comprise at least one of the following elements, alone or in any combination:
    Changing the state of the valve system includes moving the valve system from a closed state to an open state; and moving the valve system from an open state to a closed state.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes actuating a first actuator of an actuation system to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and actuation of a second actuator of the actuation system to move the valve system from a second state to a first state.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes sending a first signal to a pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the first pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and sending a second signal to a second pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the second pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from the second state to the first state.
    Identification of a current wellbore pressure using the information received.
    Creating a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure using the current wellbore pressure.
    Controlling a pressure increasing device to increase the pressure in the wellbore based on information about the pressure in the wellbore.
    The control of the pressure increasing device includes the ignition of an energetic material contained inside at least one module inside the chamber to increase the pressure of the wellbore.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes changing the state of the valve system multiple times to create a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure which includes one of the multiple dynamic overpressure conditions, multiple dynamic underpressure conditions and a combination of dynamic overpressure conditions and dynamic underpressure conditions.
    Therefore, a method of controlling the pressure of the wellbore inside a wellbore during a puncture event is described. Embodiments of the method may include receiving information generated about the pressure of the wellbore within the wellbore; and changing a state of a valve system, positioned relative to a chamber inside the wellbore, multiple times based on the information received to create a plurality of pressure conditions which substantially corresponds to a reference pressure profile, wherein each of the plurality of pressure conditions is selected from an underpressure condition and an overpressure condition. For any of the previous embodiments, the method may include at least one of the following elements, alone or in any combination:
    Changing the state of the valve system includes moving the valve system from a closed state to an open state; and moving the valve system from an open state to a closed state.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes actuating a first actuator of an actuation system to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and actuating a second actuator of the actuation system to move the valve system from a second state to a first state.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes sending a first signal to a pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the first pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and sending a second signal to a second pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the second pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from the second state to the first state.
    Identification of a current wellbore pressure using the information received.
    JThe creation of a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure using the current wellbore pressure.
    Controlling a pressure increasing device to increase the pressure in the wellbore based on information about the pressure in the wellbore.
    The control of the pressure increasing device includes the ignition of an energetic material contained inside at least one module inside the chamber to increase the pressure of the wellbore.
    Changing the state of the valve system includes changing the state of the valve system multiple times to create a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure which includes one of the multiple dynamic overpressure conditions, multiple dynamic underpressure conditions and a combination of dynamic overpressure conditions and dynamic underpressure conditions.
    The foregoing description and the figures are not to scale, but rather are illustrated to describe the various embodiments of the present disclosure in simple form. Even though various embodiments and methods have been illustrated and described, the disclosure is not limited to such embodiments or methods and it will be understood which encompasses modifications and variations which will be apparent to one skilled in the art. Therefore, it should be understood that the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the particular forms disclosed. Therefore, the invention should cover all of the modifications, equivalents and alternatives that are within the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as defined in the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Apparatus for controlling the pressure (90) of the wellbore inside a wellbore (80) during a perforation event, the apparatus comprising:
    a tube (901; 1502; 1702) defining a chamber (902; 1504; 1704); a valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) in fluid communication with the chamber, wherein the valve system regulates a flow of fluid between the chamber and the wellbore; and a controller (110) operatively coupled to the valve system, wherein the controller receives generated information regarding the pressure of the wellbore within the wellbore and controls the change of state of the valve system. multiple times based on the information to create a plurality of pressure conditions which substantially corresponds to a reference pressure profile, wherein each of the plurality of pressure conditions is selected from an underpressure condition and a pressure condition overpressure.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller (110) controls the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) for moving the valve system from a first state to a second state and controls the valve system to move the valve system from a second return state to the first state, wherein the valve system includes an actuation system (1106) controlled by the controller to change the state of the system flap multiple times based on information; and in which the actuation system includes:
    a first pyrotechnic actuator which operates in response to receipt of a first signal from the controller to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and a second pyrotechnic actuator which operates in response to receipt of a second signal from the controller to move the valve system from the second return state to the first state.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1, in which the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) comprises:
    an actuation system (1106) which includes a first actuator and a second actuator (1110; 1112; 1114); and a rotary valve body (1102) which moves in a first rotary direction (1116) in response to actuation of the first actuator and in a second rotary direction (1118) in response to actuation of the second actuator, wherein the movement of the rotary valve body in the first rotary direction changes the state of the valve system from a first state to a second state; and wherein movement of the rotary valve body in the second rotary direction changes the state of the valve system from the second state to the first state.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller (110) controls the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) to move from a closed state to an open state and the d 'an open state to a closed state; and in which the valve system comprises a tube (1009) defining an internal passageway (1010) which is in fluid communication with the chamber (902; 1504; 1704), in which an orifice (1014, 1016, 1018, 1020 ) extends through a wall of the tube and is fluidly connected to the wellbore and the internal passageway when the valve system is in the open state and is not fluidly connected to the wellbore when the valve system is in the closed state.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 1, also comprising:
    a sensor system (105) which generates information about the wellbore, in which the sensor system, the controller (110) and the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) form a feedback loop;
    wherein the sensor system includes a pressure sensor (105a) which measures the pressure of the wellbore; and a pressure increasing device (120; 1500; 1700; 1900) which is controlled by the controller to increase the pressure of the wellbore;
    wherein the pressure increasing device comprises a plurality of modules (1506; 1706), wherein each of the plurality of modules comprises an energetic material which is ignited to increase the pressure of the wellbore;
    wherein the reference pressure profile is one of a time dependent reference pressure profile and a time independent reference pressure profile.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method for controlling the pressure of the wellbore inside a wellbore (80) during a perforation event, the method comprising:
    receiving the information generated about the pressure of the wellbore inside the wellbore; and changing a state of a valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712), positioned relative to a chamber (902; 1504; 1704) inside the wellbore , multiple times based on the information received to create a plurality of pressure conditions which substantially corresponds to a reference pressure profile, wherein each of the plurality of pressure conditions is selected from an underpressure condition and an overpressure condition.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. The method of claim 6, wherein changing the state of the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) comprises:
    moving the valve system from a closed state to an open state; and moving the valve system from the open state to the closed state.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. The method of claim 6, wherein changing the state of the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) comprises:
    actuating a first actuator of an actuation system (1106) to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and actuating a second actuator of the actuation system to move the valve system from a second state to the first state.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to claim 6, in which the change of the state of the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) comprises:
    sending a first signal to a first pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the first pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from a first state to a second state; and sending a second signal to a second pyrotechnic actuator to actuate the second pyrotechnic actuator to move the valve system from a second state to a first state;
    in which the method also comprises:
    identifying a current wellbore pressure using the information received; and
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 creating a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure using the current wellbore pressure.
    10. The method of claim 6, also comprising:
    the control of a pressure increasing device (120; 1500; 1700;
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    1900) to increase the pressure of the wellbore based on information about the pressure of the wellbore;
    wherein the control of the pressure increasing device comprises: igniting an energetic material contained inside at least one module (1506; 1706) inside the chamber (902; 1504; 1704) to increase the pressure of the wellbore; and wherein changing the state of the valve system (904; 1508, 1510, 1512; 1708; 1710, 1712) includes changing the state of the valve system multiple times to create a dynamic pressure profile for the wellbore pressure which includes one of the multiple dynamic overpressure conditions, multiple underpressure conditions
    2 5 dynamic and a combination of dynamic overpressure conditions and dynamic underpressure conditions.
    7523.1602W002
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    2/16
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    115
    125 ^
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    ο ο
    ο
    105
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    110- / 115- 7
    130
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ECSP18048170A|2018-10-31|
    WO2017131856A1|2017-08-03|
    CA3012627A1|2017-08-03|
    US10941632B2|2021-03-09|
    CO2018005812A2|2018-09-20|
    AU2016389004A1|2018-06-07|
    BR112018015423A2|2018-12-18|
    US20200263514A1|2020-08-20|
    AU2016389046A1|2018-08-09|
    US20180148995A1|2018-05-31|
    US10597972B2|2020-03-24|
    BR112018011837A2|2018-11-27|
    FR3059701B1|2019-09-13|
    DE112016006317T5|2018-10-18|
    MX2018009215A|2018-08-28|
    WO2017131659A1|2017-08-03|
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    法律状态:
    2018-09-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2019-02-22| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20190222 |
    2019-10-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2021-07-09| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20210605 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/US2016/015089|WO2017131659A1|2016-01-27|2016-01-27|Autonomous annular pressure control assembly for perforation event|
    PCT/US2016/064330|WO2017131856A1|2016-01-27|2016-12-01|Autonomous pressure control assembly with state-changing valve system|
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