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    • 专利摘要:
    A subjective ocular refractive measurement apparatus comprising a display device configured to display at least one optotype and a refractive optical system (11, 21) disposed between an eye of an observer and the viewing device, the system refractive optics having variable optical power at a determined minimum pitch. According to the invention, the display device further comprises additional optical power variation means adapted to generate a spherical and / or cylindrical optical power variation so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the optical power variation between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being less than the pitch minimum determined.
    公开号:FR3059537A1
    申请号:FR1662083
    申请日:2016-12-07
    公开日:2018-06-08
    发明作者:Gildas Marin；Philippe Pinault
    申请人:Essilor International Compagnie Generale dOptique SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): ESSILOR INTERNATIONAL (COMPAGNIE GENERALE DOPTIQUE) Public limited company.
    Extension request (s)
    Agent (s): JACOBACCI CORALIS HARLE Simplified joint-stock company.
    APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR MEASURING HIGH RESOLUTION SUBJECTIVE EYE REFRACTION IN SPHERICAL AND / OR CYLINDRICAL OPTICAL POWER.
    FR 3,059,537 - A1 f5y) The invention relates to a device for measuring subjective ocular refraction comprising a display device configured to display at least one optotype and a refractive optical system (11,21) disposed between an eye of an observer. and the display device, the refractive optical system having a variable optical power according to a determined minimum pitch.
    According to the invention, the display device also comprises additional means of variation of optical power adapted to generate a variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation of optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being less than the pitch minimum determined.
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    Technical field to which the invention relates
    The present invention relates generally to the field of optometry apparatus and methods.
    It relates more particularly to an apparatus and a method for measuring subjective ocular refraction and / or testing a person's astigmatism.
    It relates in particular to an apparatus for measuring subjective ocular refraction comprising a measurement of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power of high precision.
    It also relates to a method of transforming a conventional device for measuring subjective ocular refraction having a resolution limited in optical power into a high precision device.
    TECHNOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
    Within the framework of the subjective ocular refraction measurement of a subject, it has already been proposed to simulate the visual compensation to be provided, for example by means of test glasses or a refractor such as for example a phoropter.
    The test glasses can successively accommodate test glasses having different spherical and / or cylindrical corrections, so as to determine the correction that best suits the patient.
    This solution requires the separate storage of test glasses in dedicated boxes. It also involves lens changes which cause unwanted and discontinuous correction power transitions. Test glasses are generally supplied with variable spherical and / or cylindrical power in steps of at least 0.25 diopters (or 0.25 D).
    In a refractor, the test glasses are placed on several discs, rotated manually or using a motorized mechanism. However, the variation in optical power is also discontinued in steps of at least 0.25 diopters.
    The accuracy of subjective eye refraction measurement is limited, on the one hand, by the subject's ability to detect a difference between two optotypes displayed sequentially and, on the other hand, by the minimum step of variation of optical power of a lens. to another.
    In this document, an optotype can be a letter, a symbol such as a Landolt ring or, more generally, any drawing or sign having sufficient contrast and level of detail to be clearly seen by the subject. Optotypes are preferably designed to present a level of detail resolution close to the minimum perception of details by the human eye.
    There are devices allowing a subjective ocular refraction measurement using a continuous variation of refraction. However, these devices are generally complex and very specific.
    Patent document EP 1250883_B1 describes an optometry device comprising a light source, a target object, an optical system with spherical and / or cylindrical lens and a diffraction grating forming, for an eye of an observer, different images of the target which appear dispersed in a plane transverse to an optical axis and which are displayed simultaneously at different virtual distances along the optical axis. However, this system is very complex and has drawbacks of chromatism and low efficiency due to diffraction on the diffraction grating.
    On the other hand, there are digital image processing methods that allow to generate pre-corrected images of optotypes without conventional optical system. However, these numerical methods are currently imprecise.
    Object of the invention
    In order to remedy the aforementioned drawback of the state of the art, the present invention provides an apparatus for measuring subjective ocular refraction comprising a display device comprising a screen configured to display at least one optotype, a refractive optical system disposed between an eye of an observer and the display device, the refractive optical system having a spherical and / or cylindrical optical power varying according to a determined minimum pitch.
    According to the invention, the display device also comprises additional means of variation of optical power adapted to generate a variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation of optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being of non value zero and less in absolute value than the determined minimum step.
    Thus, the device makes it possible to obtain a subjective ocular refraction measurement with a very fine or even continuous step.
    According to a particular and advantageous aspect of the invention, the display device comprises an electronic screen which comprises a two-dimensional array of pixels, a network of two-dimensional microlenses or micro-apertures arranged between the electronic screen and the system refractive optics and the additional means for varying optical power comprise a display control system on the electronic screen, the control system being configured to activate a first plurality of pixels selected from the array of pixels to generate the first image of the optotype and, respectively, to activate a second plurality of pixels selected from the array of pixels to generate the second image of the optotype.
    According to another particular and advantageous aspect of the invention, the display device comprises an electronic screen which comprises a two-dimensional array of pixels and in which the additional means for varying optical power comprise an image processing system, the an image processing system being configured to apply a first precorrection to generate the first image of the optotype and to apply a second precorrection to generate the second image of the optotype.
    According to a particular embodiment, the additional means for varying optical power comprise an additional refractive optical component having spatially variable optical power. In one example, the additional means for varying optical power comprise an optical component made up of a plurality of lenses with slightly different focal lengths from one another. In another example, the optical component has aberrations of order greater than 2 so as to generate a spatial variation in optical power. In a particular and advantageous example, the complementary refractive optical component comprises an Alvarez lens, a fluidic lens, an active Fresnel lens based on liquid crystals or a spatial light modulator based on liquid crystals.
    According to another particular and advantageous aspect, the additional means for varying optical power comprise another complementary optical system consisting of a first blade and a second blade, the first blade having a first planar face and a second face having a profile. two-dimensional cubic polynomial shape and the second blade having a second planar face and a first face having a two-dimensional cubic polynomial shape profile, the first face of the second blade being of reverse profile from the second face of the first blade , the second face of the first blade being disposed opposite the first face of the second blade.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the device comprises opto-mechanical means for displacement in rotation and / or in translation of the complementary refractive optical component or of the complementary optical system.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the variation in optical power comprises a variation in spherical power and / or a variation in cylindrical power and / or a variation in orientation of the cylindrical power axis.
    In a particular embodiment, the first image of the optotype and, respectively, the second image of the optotype are generated simultaneously in a first direction of eye sight and, respectively, in a second direction of eye sight.
    Advantageously, the first image of the optotype and the second image of the optotype are generated sequentially at different times.
    According to a particular aspect, the additional means of variation of optical power are adapted to generate a continuous variation of optical power in a limited range of variation of optical power of 0.125 diopters, 0.25 diopters or 0.5 diopters.
    Advantageously, the additional means of variation of optical power are adapted to generate a variation of optical power having a pitch less than or equal to half the determined minimum pitch of the refractive optical system.
    Advantageously, the apparatus comprises a support supporting the display device and the refractive optical system, the support being adapted to be mounted on the head of the observer.
    According to a particular aspect, the apparatus further comprises a head movement tracking system adapted to determine at least one direction of ocular aiming of the observer's eye.
    The invention also relates to a method for transforming a subjective ocular refraction measuring device comprising a display device comprising a screen and a refractive optical system disposed between an eye of an observer and the display device, the refractive optical system. having a spherical and / or cylindrical optical power variable according to a determined minimum pitch, into a subjective ocular refraction measuring device of higher resolution in spherical and / or cylindrical optical power, the transformation process comprising the following steps:
    supply of another display device comprising another screen configured to display at least one optotype and additional means of variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power adapted to generate a variation of optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation of optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being of non-zero value and lower in absolute value than the determined minimum step.
    The invention also relates to a method for measuring subjective ocular refraction comprising the following steps:
    - having a refractive optical system between at least one eye of an observer and a display device, the refractive optical system having a variable optical power according to a determined minimum pitch, and the display device further comprising additional means for varying spherical and / or cylindrical optical power adapted to generate a variation of additional optical power of nonzero value and lower in absolute value at the determined minimum pitch,
    - display at least one optotype on a screen of the viewing device so that the viewing device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype,
    - varying the optical power of the refractive optical system according to the minimum pitch determined to determine a correction suitable for the eye of the observer;
    - varying the optical power of the additional means of varying optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a second image of the optotype, to determine a higher resolution correction suitable for the eye of the observer.
    Detailed description of an exemplary embodiment
    The description which follows with reference to the accompanying drawings, given by way of nonlimiting examples, will make it clear what the invention consists of and how it can be carried out.
    In the accompanying drawings:
    - Figure 1 schematically shows a device for measuring subjective eye refraction and / or astigmatism test of a person;
    - Figure 2 schematically shows a sectional view of an optotype display system for a subjective eye refraction measuring device according to a first embodiment;
    - Figure 3 schematically shows a sectional view of another optotype display system for a subjective eye refraction measuring device according to a variant of the first embodiment;
    - Figures 4 to 7 show different examples of display of optotype tables;
    - Figure 8 shows schematically a device for measuring subjective ocular refraction according to a second embodiment;
    - Figure 9 schematically shows a lens mapping of spatially variable optical power.
    Device
    In Figure 1, there is shown a device for measuring subjective eye refraction and / or astigmatism test.
    The apparatus of FIG. 1 comprises a test telescope 10 or a refractor 20 such as for example a phoropter. The device also has an optotype display system 30.
    For example, the test glasses 10 is arranged to receive a first test glass 11 and / or a second test glasses 12. When the subject 3 wears the test glasses 10, the first test glass 11 is placed in front of the right eye 1 of the subject 3 and, respectively, the second test glass 12 is placed in front of the left eye of the subject 3. The test glass generally comprises a lens. Each lens has an optical power of spherical and / or cylindrical type. The optician selects the optical power of the test glass 11, 12 from a set of test glasses each having a predetermined optical power, varying from one glass to another glass in steps of at least 0, 25 diopter. The spherical and / or cylindrical power of the test glass is thus variable in steps of at least 0.25 diopters. In the case of a cylindrical test glass, different orientations of the axis of the cylinder of the test glass can be tested to determine the axis of astigmatism of the eye tested, for example according to predetermined orientations equal to 0 degree, +/- 45 degrees, + / - 90 degrees.
    Conventionally, a test glass can be used which can decompose mathematically into a spherical lens and two cylindrical lenses, known as Jackson crossed cylinders, to determine the correction in sphere, cylinder and axis. We notice :
    - Sphor the spherical optical power of the spherical lens,
    - JOphor the optical power of the cylindrical lens at 0 degrees and
    - J45phor the optical power of the cylindrical lens at 45 degrees.
    Equivalently, the refractor 20 is configured to present a test glass 21 in front of the subject's right eye 1 and / or another test glass 22 in front of the subject's left eye 3. Different test glasses of variable optical power in steps of at least 0.25 diopters are integrated into the refractor. The refractor comprises a mechanism actuated manually or motorized to change the optical power of the test lens 21, respectively 22 disposed in front of the right eye 1, respectively left, of the subject 3. The variation of optical power of the test lens 21, 22 is also discontinuous in steps of at least 0.25 diopters.
    The optotype display system 30 is configured to display at least a first optotype and a second optotype. According to the embodiments described in detail below, the optotype display system 30 may comprise a passive screen, for example a printed medium, or an active screen such as for example an optoelectronic screen. According to certain embodiments, the first optotype and the second optotype are displayed simultaneously and visible according to angularly separated ocular sighting directions. According to other embodiments, the first optotype and the second optotype are displayed sequentially, so as to display at one time only the first optotype and at another time only the second optotype.
    During the measurement of subjective ocular refraction, the eye 1 of the subject 3 visualizes through the test lens 21 the first optotype displayed on the display system of optotypes 30, for example in an ocular sighting direction 41. Without moving the head, the subject's eye 1 can also visualize through the test glass 21 the second optotype displayed on the optotype display system 30, for example in a second direction of ocular sighting 42.
    According to the present disclosure, the display system of optotypes 30 comprises additional means of variation of optical power adapted to generate an additional variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power less in absolute value than the minimum pitch of variation of optical power of the test glass. More precisely, this additional variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power can be continuous or incremental in steps of 0.125 diopters. Thus, a more precise subjective refraction measurement is obtained than with only the phoropter or the test scope.
    We will now detail the structure and operation of a subjective eye refraction measuring device according to a first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2.
    In this first embodiment, use is made of a test telescope 10 or a conventional refractor 20 and an optotype display system 30 of the light-field display type (LFD or French light display screen). More specifically, the optotype display system 30 comprises an optoelectronic display screen 31 having a one-dimensional or, preferably, two-dimensional pixel matrix. In the example of FIG. 2, the display system of optotypes 30 comprises an array of microlenses 50. The array of microlenses 50 comprises a plurality of lenses 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 arranged in regular tiling in a same plane, parallel to the plane of the display screen 31. Each microlens 51, respectively 52, 53, 54, 55 has a focal point located on a pixel 61, respectively 62, 63, 64, 65 of the screen 31.
    Pixels 61, 62, 63, 64 and / or 65 are selectively activated to display a point of a first optotype. The microlens 51, respectively 52, 53, 54, 55 forms a collimated beam 161, respectively 162, 163, 164, 165 from the source point constituted by the pixel 61, respectively 62, 63, 64, 65. The collimated beams 161 , 162, 163, 164, 165 are here all parallel to each other. An image of the point of the first optotype is thus formed by selectively activating a first set of pixels 61, 62, 63, 64 and / or 65. With respect to the eye 1 of the observer viewing the beams 161, 162, 163, 164 and / or 165 through the test glass 21, the image of the point of the first optotype is located at a first apparent distance, here at infinity, on a first ocular sighting axis 41.
    Simultaneously or sequentially, other pixels 71, 72, 73, 74 and / or 75 are selectively activated to display a point of a second optotype. These other pixels 71, 72, 73, 74 and / or 75 are generally offset laterally with respect to pixels 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 located on the focal points of the microlens array. Thus, the microlens 51, respectively 52, 53, 54, 55 forms another beam 171, respectively 172, 173, 174, 175 from the source point constituted by the pixel 71, respectively 72, 73, 74, 75. The inclination of the beam 171 is a function of the lateral offset between the pixel 71 and the pixel 61 located at the focal point of the microlens 51. Similarly, the inclination of the beam 172, respectively 173, 174, 175 is a function of the lateral offset between the pixel 72, respectively 73, 74, 75 and pixel 62, respectively 63, 64, 65 located at the focal point of the microlens 52, respectively 53, 54, 55. The set of beams 171, 172, 173, 174, 175 thus generates an image of the point of the second optotype. The image of the point of the second optotype is thus formed by selectively activating a second set of pixels 71, 72, 73, 74 and / or 75. With respect to the eye 1 of the observer viewing the beams 171, 172, 173 , 174 and / or 175 through the test glass 21, the image of the point of the second optotype is located at another apparent distance than the image of the first optotype. For representation purposes, the pixels 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 and the pixels 71.72, 73, 74.75 have been displayed on an area of the screen 31. In practice, to obtain a spatial separation, these pixels 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 on the one hand and 71, 72, 73, 74, 75 on the other hand are displayed on separate areas of the screen 31.
    Similarly, other pixels can be selectively activated to display other points of the first and second optotypes simultaneously, in order to display all the points of the first and second optotypes.
    Nevertheless, the optotypes displayed simultaneously are configured so that their respective images are spatially separated seen by the eye 1 of the observer through the test glass 21.
    Thus, the observer can visualize several optotypes at the same time and by comparison between the images of the first optotype, the second optotype and the third optotype easily determine the image which appears the clearest.
    In other words, by determining the position of the active pixels relative to the centers of the lenses, it is then possible to simulate different wave surfaces, which can be spherical or cylindrical. In the latter case, the spacing between the pixels is not the same in a horizontal or vertical direction.
    Generally, when the spacing between the active pixels 61, 62 is equal to the spacing between microlenses 51, 52, then the light beams 161, 162 coming from these pixels 61, 62 are parallel to each other and seen as a point to infinity. When the spacing between the active pixels 73, 74 is greater than the spacing between microlenses 53, 54 the beams 173, 174 are seen as converging beams, thus simulating a positive power. When the spacing between the active pixels 74, 75 is less than the spacing between microlenses 54, 55 the beams 174, 175 are seen as divergent beams, thus simulating a negative power.
    The difference in apparent distance between the image of the first optotype and the image of the second optotype relative to eye 1 of the observer is equivalent to a difference in optical power. The optotype display system 30 is configured so that this difference in optical power is less than the minimum step of difference in power between two available test glasses. For example, the minimum step being equal to 0.25 diopters of power, the display system of optotypes is configured to generate a difference in optical power between the image of the first optotype and the image of the second optotype equivalent to 0.20 diopters, or 0.125 diopter, or 0.10 diopter or 0.05 diopter.
    We denote Sdisplay, JOdisplay and J45display the additional optical powers generated by the display system 30. More precisely, we denote by Sdisplayl, JOdisplayl and J45display1 the additional optical powers generated by the display device corresponding to the first optotype. Similarly, we note Sdisplay2, J0display2 and J45display2 the additional optical powers generated by the display device corresponding to the second optotype. The difference between Sdisplayl and Sdisplay2 is less than the minimum step of variation of spherical power of the test glass. Likewise, the difference between JOdisplayl and J0display2 (respectively between J45display1 and J45display2) is less than the minimum step of variation of cylindrical power of the Jackson crossed cylinders of the test glass.
    The observer 3 observes the image of the first optotype on the display system 30 through the test glass, therefore through an optical system having a total optical power equal to the sum of the optical power of the test glass and of the additional optical power of the display system 30. The observer 3 thus perceives the first optotype with a total optical power S-1, J0-1, J45-1 equal respectively to S-1 = Sphor + Sdisplay1, J01 = J0phor + J0display1 and J45-1 = J45phor + J45display1. Similarly, observer 3 perceives the second optotype with a total optical power S2, JO-2, J45-2 equal respectively to S-2 = Sphor + Sdisplay2, J02 = J0phor + J0display2 and J45-2 = J45phor + J45display2. The variation in optical power between (S-1, J0-1, J45-1) and (S-2, JO-2, J45-2) is less than the minimum variation pitch of the test glass.
    By choosing a screen 31 with a very high resolution pixel matrix, it is thus possible to generate a difference in optical power varying with an extremely fine pitch, almost continuously. Thus, it is possible to obtain a more precise refraction measurement than with the available test glasses.
    The amplitude of the additional variation of optical power thus accessible is limited to a reduced range, for example from -0.5 to + 0.5 diopters but with an accuracy (or a step) improved compared to that of the test glasses 21, 22 With an adaptation of the display system 30, a professional can use a phoropter or a conventional test scope to carry out a more precise measurement of refraction, without the need to use specific and complex equipment.
    Thus, it suffices to replace the conventional screen of a conventional phoropter with a new display system comprising additional means for varying the optical power of fine pitch to considerably improve the accuracy of refraction measurement.
    FIG. 3 schematically represents a sectional view of another optotype display system for a subjective ocular refraction measuring device according to a variant of the first embodiment.
    The display system of FIG. 3 comprises a screen 31 and a complementary optical system disposed between the screen 31 and the test glass 21. The screen 31 is preferably of the optoelectronic type. In the example of FIG. 3, the complementary optical system comprises a first lens 56, a second lens 57 and a third lens 58. The first lens 56 is arranged in front of a first zone 66 of the screen 31. In a similar manner, the second lens 57 is arranged in front of a second zone 67 of the screen 31. The third lens 58 is arranged in front of a third zone 68 of the screen 31. The first lens 56, the second lens 57 and the third lens 58 each have a spherical and / or cylindrical optical power different from one of the other.
    The first lens 56 is for example arranged such that its focal point is located on the screen 31. The first lens 56 forms a beam 156 collimated from the source constituted by a first optotype located in the first zone 66 of the screen . The first lens 56 thus generates the equivalent of zero optical power (0D).
    The second lens 57 is for example arranged such that its focal point is located farther than the screen relative to this second lens. The second lens 57 forms a second beam 157 diverging from the source formed by a second optotype located in the second zone 67 of the screen. The second lens 57 thus generates the equivalent of an additional optical power of -0.12 diopters.
    The third lens 58 is for example arranged such that its focal point is located between the screen 31, the third lens 58. The third lens 58 forms a third beam 158 converging from the source constituted by a third optotype located in the third zone 68 of the screen. The third lens 58 thus generates the equivalent of an additional optical power of +0.12 dioptres.
    In FIG. 3, the first lens 56 forms the image of a first optotype displayed in the first zone 66 of the screen and simultaneously, the second lens 57 forms the image of a second optotype displayed in the second zone 67 of the screen. Similarly, the third lens 58 forms the image of a third optotype displayed in the third zone 68 of the screen 31. The eye 1 of the observer 3 thus simultaneously visualizes through a test glass an image from the first optotype, an image from the second optotype and an image from the third optotype. These images are spatially separated while being affected by a complementary power difference which is added to the optical power of the test glass 21.
    In another embodiment, a display system in the form of an optotype table is used, in which each optotype image is preprocessed so as to simulate a complementary spherical and / or cylindrical power. The image preprocessing is for example based on a deconvolution by an optical transfer function of an additional optical power. In another example, the image preprocessing is based on a calculation of modification of ray tracing induced by an additional optical power.
    The table can be one-dimensional or two-dimensional with an unmodified central optotype and peripheral optotypes modified to correspond to a change in correction of a given step, for example by step of% diopter or 1/8 diopter. Advantageously, the correction is symmetrical and of opposite sign on either side of (central optotype. The table may include an odd number of rows and / or columns, for example comprising 3 × 3, 5 × 5 or 7 × 7 optotypes.
    By way of example, the table in FIG. 4 represents in column 4 a source optotype without image processing. Column 5 schematically represents the image processing function used, for example a function of deconvolution of an optical transfer function of an additional optical power or by a calculation of modification of ray tracing induced by an additional optical power. Column 6 represents the equivalent optical power differences applied to form respectively a first optotype (at 0D), a second optotype (+0.125 D), a third optotype (-0.125 D), a fourth optotype (+0.25 D) and a fifth optotype (-0.25 D). We thus formed a scale of optotypes simulating a complementary correction ranging from -0.25 D to +0.25 D in steps of 0.125 D. Column 7 represents how is seen (scale of optotypes by an observer having no need for correction The first optotype (0 D) in the center of column 7 is seen most clearly, with a blurring increasing symmetrically for the other optotypes according to an increasing power difference. The column represents how the scale of optotypes by an observer having a correction need of -0.125 D. The third optotype (-0.125 D) of column 8 is indeed seen the clearest, with a blurring increasing symmetrically around this third optotype (-0.125 D). Column 9 represents how the scale of optotypes is seen by an observer having a need for correction of +0.125 D. The second optotype (+0.125 D) of column 9 is here seen most clearly, with a blurring increasing symmetrically around this two ith optotype (+0.125 D). We assume here that the observer does not accommodate. Otherwise, he can see clearly not only the image corresponding to his refraction, but also images corresponding to a negative power, as long as he has the capacity to accommodate.
    The table in FIG. 5 uses two dimensions to simultaneously test the modification necessary according to two parameters of the correction among sphere, cylinder and axis (or M, J0, J45). In this table, the lines correspond to a complementary spherical correction going from -0.375 D to +0.375 D in steps of 0.125 D. In this table, the columns correspond to a complementary cylindrical correction going from -0.375 D to +0.375 D in steps 0.125 D.
    Subject 3 simultaneously views all the optotypes in the table, which makes it easy to compare the sharpness of the different optotype images with a very fine difference in optical power. In this example, the observer clearly sees the optotype corresponding to an additional optical power S = 0 and C = 0. In this case, the test glass exactly corrects the refraction of the observer. In the case where the observer perceives another optotype most clearly from the table, he can directly read the additional optical power required on the vertical sphere correction scale and on the horizontal cylinder correction scale.
    FIG. 6 illustrates for example a screen 31 broken down into nine zones, which makes it possible to vary with a fine pitch both the spherical power, the cylinder power and the axis of the cylinder. Here, the observer perceives the area 67 more clearly than all the other areas, for example 68 and 69 of the table.
    FIG. 7 represents the values of sphere, cylinder and axis corresponding to each zone of FIG. 6. The operator can thus determine the additional correction in sphere, cylinder and axis to be added to the correction indicated by the test glass.
    The screen simultaneously displays several optotypes (here a series of letters: AEZT) in each zone corresponding to a different spherical and / or cylindrical optical power.
    Preferably, the same forms of optotypes are displayed in the different zones, in order to facilitate visual comparison by the subject.
    The subject indicates the direction in which the change is preferred, that is to say the direction in which the optotypes appear the sharpest. The correction of the phoropter is modified accordingly, so as to re-center the sharpest optotype in the table and so on iteratively until a correction is obtained where the optotype is seen with a blurring which increases in a way perfectly symmetrical on either side of the central optotype.
    In the case of a screen combined with a lens matrix (illustrated in FIG. 3), the zones of FIG. 4 ideally correspond with the different zones 66, 67, 68 defined by the geometry of the lenses 56, 57, 58.
    FIG. 8 represents an apparatus for measuring subjective ocular refraction according to a third embodiment. In this third embodiment, a conventional display system is used, used in combination with the phoropter or the test scope. The phoropter 20 comprises for example an optical test system comprising for example a spherical test glass 211 and a cylindrical test glass 212 defining a first correction, relatively coarse according to the step of variation of power of the test glasses, usually from% D.
    The apparatus further comprises an additional lens 59 having a spatial variation of power on its surface. This additional lens 59 is for example added to a test telescope or positioned between the phoropter 20 and the screen, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The lens 59 is aspherical and includes geometric optical aberrations, for example of the coma type.
    FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a graphical representation of spatial variation of optical power of a lens of zero power in the center having 0.1 μm of coma (Zernike Z coefficient 3.3) and with a diameter of 20 mm. This lens makes it possible to generate a spatial variation of power of approximately 0.1 D / mm along the Y axis of the coma (vertical axis in FIG. 9) giving a maximum at the edges of +/- 1D and a similar variation in astigmatism along axis X. The rotation of the lens makes it possible to modify the axis of variation of the power.
    To vary the power, the device advantageously comprises an optomechanical device for moving this additional lens 59 so as to have a particular area of the additional lens in the visual axis of the subject. The movement of the lens 59 (in direction and in amplitude) makes it possible to determine the variation in added optical power.
    In the exemplary implementation illustrated in FIG. 8, the entire surface of the additional lens 59 is used. In this case, the display system preferably presents to the subject a screen 30 comprising several zones 91, 92, 93 for displaying optotypes, these zones 91, 92, 93 being spatially separated. Each zone 91, respectively 92, 93 of the screen associated with a zone 591, respectively 592, 593 of the additional lens 59. The subject's line of sight of the subject's eye 1 scans the different areas of the lens and therefore the different areas of the screen in order to test the different refraction values.
    These areas can be displayed sequentially, or preferably simultaneously.
    The subject by decentering the lens in front of his eye selects the preferred vision area. Knowledge of the correction of the test glasses 211, 212, of the exact position of the eye and of the variation induced by the lens 59 makes it possible to deduce a new correction.
    This device allows the spherical and cylindrical power to be varied continuously, thereby increasing the resolution of the subjective ocular refraction measuring device used, whether it is a phoropter or a test scope.
    This device makes it possible to simultaneously display optotypes corresponding to a relatively small difference in spherical and / or cylindrical optical power and in any case less than the variation in power of the test glasses.
    In a variant, there is another complementary optical system in front of the display screen. This other optical system is for example made up of a fluidic lens. In another example, the complementary optical system consists of an active Fresnel lens based on liquid crystals or of a liquid crystal device forming a tiling of active Fresnel lens (s). An active Fresnel lens can be electrically driven to generate or not additional optical power.
    In another variant, there is another complementary optical system made up of two blades, the first blade having a first plane face and a second face having a profile of cubic polynomial shape in two dimensions and the second blade having a second plane face and a first face having a profile of two-dimensional cubic polynomial shape, the first face of the second blade being of opposite profile to the second face of the first blade and the second face of the first blade being arranged opposite the first face of the second blade. By translating the second blade relative to the first blade, a spatial variation of optical power is thus introduced, for example at orders greater than order two.
    According to another embodiment (not shown in the figures), the display system is integrated into a support intended to be mounted directly on the subject's head 3. For example, the refraction measuring device is in the form a virtual reality headset or augmented reality glasses. The support is suitable for receiving test glasses of variable optical power. In addition, the support includes a display system according to one of the embodiments described above. Advantageously, the support makes it possible to integrate an additional optical system arranged between the test glass and the display screen. This embodiment has the advantage of being very compact. This embodiment makes it possible to use complementary optical systems, based on fluidic lens, Alvarez lens, active Fresnel lens and / or blades with reduced polynomial profile. The movement of the head allows a 360 ° scan of the different combinations of additional corrections. Thus navigation in the complementary sphere / cylinder pairs comes down to a head movement on 2 axes. The choice is thus made in an intuitive and natural way.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, the apparatus further comprises a system for monitoring head movements (or head tracking) adapted to determine the posture of the subject and / or to determine an ocular sighting direction of the observer's eye. .
    Thus, the position of the gaze fixing the clearest image is determined, which makes it possible to determine the complementary correction in sphere / cylinder by the selection of the corresponding image.
    Process
    The subjective ocular refraction measurement can be carried out in various ways using any of the devices described above.
    In an example of a measurement method, a first conventional refraction measurement step is first carried out, without using the display system and / or the optical component adds up! to vary the optical power with a finer step.
    Then, in a second step, we refine the measurement with a finer step. A variation in power of small amplitude and fine pitch is introduced around the first refraction measurement found in the first step. For example, in Figure 6, if the subject prefers the sharpness of the test at the top right of the table, we correct his refraction measured conventionally and the complementary refraction. In this example, the final spherical correction is equal to the spherical correction determined in step 1 to which we add a complementary spherical correction of + 0.12D.
    In another example, different optotypes corresponding to different variations in spherical-cylindrical complementary refractive power are displayed simultaneously by means of the complementary optical system and / or the display system.
    Preferably in this case, the central value of the displayed optotype corresponds to a zero spherical and cylindrical complementary correction (S = 0D, C = 0D). Depending on the wearer's response to the preferred sharpness in the table displayed, the power of the test glass is dynamically changed. Thus, in the example illustrated in FIG. 6, the spherical and cylindrical refractive power is gradually increased. The refraction measurement is stopped when the best sharpness is obtained for the optotype in the center of the table.
    We can thus quickly determine in which direction to modify the refraction to reach the optimal value.
    Advantageously, there is proposed in the present disclosure a man-machine interface (HMI) making it possible to facilitate the determination of the refraction with high precision and resolution.
    The goal is to propose a subjective refraction measurement method that can be easily used by a person who does not know the field of refraction and without the assistance of a qualified operator.
    The general solution is to use the simultaneous display of images with different Sphere / Cylinder / Axis powers to help the user find the refraction that suits him precisely as intuitively as possible.
    Embodiment # 1:
    The challenge is to represent a set of solutions (Rx) defined on 3 axes (Sph, Cyl, Axis), while allowing the user to navigate simply and intuitively in this space in order to find the ideal trinomial. An implementation on a screen limits the space to 2 dimensions.
    We offer different implementations.
    Step 1: Detect if the patient is astigmatic via a simple test by placing himself in front of a screen with a test pattern such as the parent's dial.
    If some lines appear gray and others are blacker (or some lines are blurred and others are sharper), then the patient is astigmatic. The axis of astigmatism will be raised. The test is to be performed sequentially on each of the two eyes, hiding one eye then the other.
    Step 2.1: If the patient is not astigmatic, the only value to be measured is the sphere (no cylinder). In one embodiment, the screen presents convoluted images corresponding to different powers of the sphere. If the image is clearly seen by the patient, it is because the sphere corresponding to its Rx is that used for the deconvolution of the image. For a simplified user experience, the patient navigates with the left / right arrows on the numeric keypad if the test is performed on a computer or by dragging the images if the device is touch-sensitive (smartphone or tablet for example). This test should be done independently for both eyes, hiding one eye and then the other.
    Step 2.2: If the patient is astigmatic, it is assumed that the axis or axes of astigmatism are known), it is a question of determining the value of the power of the sphere and the value of the power of the cylinder. The different values of S and C can be presented in two dimensions. For example, we present deconvoluted images corresponding to different couples in sphere and cylinder. If the image is clearly seen by the patient, it is because the sphere / cylinder pair corresponds to its refractive measure. For a simplified user experience, the patient navigates with the left / right arrows on the numeric keypad for the sphere and up / down to navigate for the cylinder if the test is performed on a computer or by dragging the images if the device is touch-sensitive ( smartphone or tablet for example). This test should be done independently for both eyes, hiding one eye and then the other.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, if the device also includes a head movement tracking system (or head tracking) adapted to determine the posture of the subject and / or to determine a direction of ocular aiming of the eye of the observer, the position of the gaze fixing the clearest image is determined, which makes it possible to determine the complementary correction in sphere / cylinder by the selection of the corresponding image.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. Subjective ocular refraction measuring device comprising:
    a display device comprising a screen configured to display at least one optotype;
    a refractive optical system (11, 21) disposed between an eye of an observer and the display device, the refractive optical system having a spherical and / or cylindrical optical power varying according to a determined minimum pitch;
    characterized in that:
    the display device also comprises additional means of variation of optical power adapted to generate a variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation in optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being of non-zero value and lower in absolute value at the determined minimum step.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the display device comprises an electronic screen (31) comprising a two-dimensional array of pixels, an array of microlenses (50) or two-dimensional micro-apertures disposed between the screen electronic system (31) and the refractive optical system (11, 21), and in which the additional means for varying optical power comprise a system for controlling display on the electronic screen, the control system being configured to activate a first plurality of pixels (61, 62, 63, 64, 65) selected from the array of pixels to generate the first image of the optotype and, respectively, to activate a second plurality of pixels (71, 72, 73, 74, 75 ) selected from the pixel array to generate the second image of the optotype.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Apparatus according to claim 1 in which the display device comprises an electronic screen (31) comprising a two-dimensional array of pixels and in which the additional means for varying optical power comprise an image processing system, the system image processing being configured to apply a first precorrection to generate the first image of (optotype and to apply a second precorrection to generate the second image of (optotype.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Apparatus according to (one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the additional means for varying optical power comprises a complementary refractive optical component (59) having a spatially variable optical power.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Apparatus according to claim 4 wherein the complementary refractive optical component (59) comprises an Alvarez lens, a fluidic lens, an active Fresnel lens based on liquid crystals or a spatial light modulator based on liquid crystals.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Apparatus according to (one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the additional means for varying optical power comprise another complementary optical system consisting of a first blade and a second blade, the first blade having a first planar face and a second face having a two-dimensional cubic polynomial profile and the second blade having a second planar face and a first face having a two-dimensional cubic polynomial profile, the first face of the second blade being of opposite profile to the second face of the first blade, the second face of the first blade being disposed opposite the first face of the second blade.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Apparatus according to (one of claims 4 to 6 comprising opto-mechanical means for displacement in rotation and / or in translation of the complementary refractive optical component (59) or of the complementary optical system.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Apparatus according to (one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the variation of optical power comprises a variation of spherical power and / or a variation of cylindrical power and / or a variation of orientation of axis of cylindrical power.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the display device and the refractive optical system are adapted to generate the first image of (optotype and, respectively, the second image of (optotype simultaneously in a first direction of eye sight and, respectively, in a second direction of eye sight.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Apparatus according to (one of claims 1 to 8, in which the display device and the refractive optical system are adapted to generate the first image of (optotype and the second image of (optotype sequentially at different times).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the additional optical power variation means are adapted to generate a continuous variation of optical power in a limited range of variation of optical power of 0.125 diopters, 0.25 diopters or 0.5 diopters .
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the additional optical power variation means are adapted to generate a variation of optical power having a pitch less than or equal to half the determined minimum pitch of the refractive optical system (11 , 21).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. Apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 12 further comprising a head movement tracking system adapted to determine at least one direction of ocular sight of the eye of the observer.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Method for transforming a subjective ocular refraction measuring device comprising a display device comprising a screen and a refractive optical system disposed between an eye of an observer and the display device, the refractive optical system having optical power spherical and / or cylindrical variable according to a determined minimum pitch, into a subjective ocular refraction measuring device of higher resolution in spherical and / or cylindrical optical power, the transformation process comprising the following steps:
    supply of another display device comprising another screen configured to display at least one optotype and additional means of variation of spherical and / or cylindrical optical power adapted to generate a variation of optical power so that the device visualization and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype with a first total optical power and, respectively, a second image of the optotype with a second total optical power, the variation of optical power between the first total optical power and the second total optical power being of non-zero value and lower in absolute value than the determined minimum step.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Method for measuring subjective ocular refraction comprising the following steps:
    - having a refractive optical system (11, 21) between at least one eye (1) of an observer (3) and a display device (30, 31), the refractive optical system (11, 21) having an optical power variable according to a determined minimum pitch, and the display device further comprising additional means for varying spherical and / or cylindrical optical power adapted to generate a variation in additional optical power by
    5 non-zero value and lower in absolute value than the determined minimum step,
    - display at least one optotype on a screen of the display device (30, 31) so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a first image of the optotype,
    - varying the optical power of the refractive optical system (11, 21) 10 according to the minimum pitch determined to determine a correction suitable for the eye (1) of the observer (3);
    - varying the optical power of the additional means of varying optical power so that the display device and the refractive optical system form a second image of the optotype, for
    15 determine a higher resolution correction suitable for the eye (1) of the observer (3).
    2/3
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20200069174A1|2020-03-05|
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    EP3551037A1|2019-10-16|
    FR3059537B1|2019-05-17|
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    法律状态:
    2017-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2018-06-08| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20180608 |
    2019-12-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-12-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1662083|2016-12-07|
    FR1662083A|FR3059537B1|2016-12-07|2016-12-07|APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SUBJECTIVE OCULAR REFRACTION MEASUREMENT OF HIGH RESOLUTION IN SPHERICAL AND / OR CYLINDRICAL OPTICAL POWER|FR1662083A| FR3059537B1|2016-12-07|2016-12-07|APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR SUBJECTIVE OCULAR REFRACTION MEASUREMENT OF HIGH RESOLUTION IN SPHERICAL AND / OR CYLINDRICAL OPTICAL POWER|
    EP17797402.9A| EP3551037A1|2016-12-07|2017-10-23|Apparatus and method for measuring subjective ocular refraction with high-resolution spherical and/or cylindrical optical power|
    CN201780075607.8A| CN110072429A|2016-12-07|2017-10-23|With the device and method of high-resolution concave-sphere and/or cylindrical mirror dioptric measurement subjectivity eye dioptric|
    US16/467,337| US20200069174A1|2016-12-07|2017-10-23|Apparatus and method for measuring subjective ocular refraction with high-resolution spherical and/or cylindrical optical power|
    PCT/FR2017/052915| WO2018104600A1|2016-12-07|2017-10-23|Apparatus and method for measuring subjective ocular refraction with high-resolution spherical and/or cylindrical optical power|
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