• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a blade (1) intended to equip the rotor of a rotary machine, said blade having a modular structure comprising: a rigid median module (4) which extends radially from the foot (2) of the blade towards the free end (3) thereof, away from the leading edges (5) and the trailing edge (6), ▪ an upstream module (7) forming an edge etching and attached to the upstream portion (4A) of the median module, ▪ a downstream trailing edge module (8) and attached to the downstream portion (4F) of the median module, said median module (4) being formed by a box (12), the walls of the box (12) having a variable thickness between the foot (2) of the blade and the free end (3) of the latter. - Blades for rotating machines and corresponding manufacturing processes
    公开号:FR3059040A1
    申请号:FR1761099
    申请日:2017-11-23
    公开日:2018-05-25
    发明作者:Francois-Emile Godichon Alain；Constant Ghislain Delaisse Guy
    申请人:Howden Solyvent Ventec；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Holder (s): FLAKT SOLYVENT-VENTEC Simplified joint-stock company.
    Agent (s): CABINET DIDIER MARTIN.
    104 / BLADE OF ROTATING MACHINE WITH REINFORCED MODULAR STRUCTURE.
    FR 3 059 040 - A1
    - Rotating machine blade with reinforced modular structure
    - The invention relates to a blade (1) intended to equip the rotor of a rotary machine, said blade having a modular structure comprising:
    a rigid middle module (4) which extends radially from the foot (2) of the blade towards the free end (3) thereof, at a distance from the leading (5) and trailing (6) edges, a upstream module (7) forming a leading edge and attached to the upstream portion (4A) of the middle module, a downstream module (8) forming a trailing edge and attached to the downstream portion (4F) of the middle module, said middle module ( 4) being formed by a box (12), the walls of the box (12) having a variable thickness between the base (2) of the blade and the free end (3) of the latter.
    - Blades for rotating machines and corresponding manufacturing processes
    ROTATING MACHINE BLADE WITH REINFORCED MODULAR STRUCTURE
    The present invention relates to the general technical field of blades fitted to rotary machines of the axiai fan, turbine, wind turbine, tidal turbine, etc. type, and relates more particularly to the construction of large payrolls.
    It relates in particular to a blade intended to equip the rotor with a rotating machine, a rotating machine equipped with such a blade, as well as an assembly method allowing the production of such a blade.
    As is well known, rotary machines generally comprise at least one wheel which consists of a hub connected to a shaft, itself supported by bearings, and a set of blades fixed to said hub, generally at angular intervals. substantially equal.
    Such blades can be produced in various materials, the choice of which depends on the cost of production and on the technical constraints to which the machine in question is exposed.
    In particular, it is known to produce blades of cast aluminum alloy when said blades are of small and medium dimensions, that is to say of a length (span) not exceeding 2 meters.
    Generally, if the blade is larger, it can be made of composite material, for example based on glass fibers, carbon or Kevlar® integrated in an epoxy type resin.
    Advantageously, such composite materials have a low density and good mechanical strength.
    However, their implementation can sometimes prove to be relatively complex and costly.
    In addition, composite structures can prove to be relatively vulnerable to the impacts caused by particles or objects entrained in the fluid stream and which circulate through the rotating machine. However, the maintenance and replacement of such elements can prove to be particularly difficult and expensive.
    Finally, known blades may have a certain tendency to vibrate under the effect of turbulence in the fluid flow, which can cause premature wear, or even rupture, by fatigue.
    The objects assigned to the invention therefore aim to remedy the aforementioned drawbacks and to propose a new blade for a rotary machine which has a particularly robust structure and which is, even when it has a complex shape, relatively easy to manufacture.
    Another object assigned to the invention aims to propose a new blade which is particularly suitable for large machines.
    Another object assigned to the invention aims to propose a new blade which is not very sensitive to deformation or to vibrations.
    Another object assigned to the invention aims to propose a new pay whose maintenance is simple and inexpensive.
    Another object assigned to the invention aims to propose a new improved rotary machine, which has a robust structure, simple to assemble and inexpensive to maintain.
    Another object assigned to the invention aims to propose a new method of assembling blades intended for rotary machines which is simple, quick and inexpensive to implement, in particular for maintenance purposes.
    The objects assigned to the invention are achieved using a blade intended to equip the rotor of a rotary machine, iadite pays being characterized in that it has a modular structure comprising:
    - a rigid median module which extends radially from the foot of the blade to the free end of the blade, away from the leading and trailing edges.
    - an upstream module forming the leading edge and attached to the upstream portion of the middle module,
    - A downstream module forming the trailing edge and attached to the downstream portion of the middle module.
    The objects assigned to the invention are also achieved using a rotary machine, of the turbine, fan or wind turbine type, comprising at least one blade according to the invention.
    The objects assigned to the invention are finally achieved using a method of assembling a modular blade according to the invention.
    Other characteristic objects and advantages of the invention will appear in more detail on reading the description which follows, as well as with the aid of the appended drawings, provided purely by way of non-limiting illustration, among which:
    - Figure 1 illustrates, in a perspective view, an exemplary embodiment of the blade according to the invention.
    - Figure 2 illustrates, in a cut perspective view, the blade of Figure 1.
    - Figure 3 illustrates, in a perspective view, the detail of an exemplary embodiment of the middle module according to the invention.
    - Figures 4 and 5 illustrate, according to views in section normal to the generator axis of the blade, a first and a second alternative embodiment of blade assemblies according to the invention.
    - Figure 6 illustrates, in a detailed view, an example of assembly implemented within a middle module according to the invention.
    - Figure 7 illustrates, in a detailed view, an alternative assembly of upstream or downstream module on a middle module according to the invention.
    The present invention generally relates to rotary machines intended to be driven by, or on the contrary to drive, a moving fluid, such as for example turbines, fans, in particular axial fans, wind turbines, tidal turbines, etc.
    In known manner, such machines comprise a hub 50 (suggested in dotted lines in FIG. 1) itself linked to a rotary shaft (not shown) which can be supported by bearings.
    At least one, and preferably a plurality of blades 1 are fixed on said hub so as to be able to cooperate with the fluid F which drives or which is driven by the rotary machine.
    Each blade 1, intended to equip the rotor of said rotary machine, extends substantially radially, generally along a generating axis (XX '), from a foot 2 located at the periphery of the hub 50 and at which said blade is attached to said hub, to an opposite end forming the head 3 located on the periphery of the wheel (or "rotor").
    The term "span" designates the length L ^ of the blade 1 measured substantially radially between the foot 2 and the head 3.
    As such, although the invention is in no way limited to a particular type or to particular dimensions of a rotating machine, it is remarkable that the blade 1 will preferably be intended for machines of large dimensions, and may for this purpose have a wingspan L-ι greater than or equal to 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, or 5 m, preferably between 2 m and 5 m, or even possibly going beyond 5 m.
    Said blade may in particular be adapted to support in service speeds at the periphery, that is to say at the level of the head 3, which may exceed 100 m / s, or even reach or even exceed 200 m / s.
    According to an important characteristic of the invention, as can be seen in particular in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the blade 1 has a modular structure which comprises:
    a median module 4, advantageously rigid, which extends radially from the foot 2 of the blade 1 towards the free end 3 of the latter, at a distance from the leading edge 5 and the trailing edge 6,
    - an upstream module 7 forming the leading edge and which is attached to the upstream portion 4A of the middle module,
    a downstream module 8 forming the trailing edge 6 and which is attached to the downstream portion 4F of the middle module 4.
    Advantageously, the blade 1 according to the invention is thus obtained by bringing together and assembling modules 4, 7, 8 initially separated and distinct, including an intermediate median module 4, interposed between the upstream module and the downstream module, which forms the core and the carrier element of said blade 1.
    In a particularly preferred manner, one and / or the other of said middle modules 4, upstream 7, and downstream 8 can be formed in one piece in their length, that is to say in the direction from the foot 2 towards the head 3 of the blade 1.
    Advantageously, the structure according to the invention makes it possible to confer on the blade 1 a great robustness and a high and well controlled rigidity which makes it possible to obtain a relatively high natural resonant frequency, at least in bending, while retaining a relatively mass scaled down.
    In addition, such a modular structure allows a simplified embodiment of the various constituent elements of the blade, and helps to facilitate its assembly.
    Preferably, the middle module 4 on the one hand, ie the upstream module 7 and / or the downstream module 8 on the other hand can be made of separate materials.
    Thus, the middle module 4 can be made for example from a metallic material, of steel or aluminum alloy type, having a relatively high rigidity, while the upstream module 7 and / or the downstream module 8 can be made from materials lighter, where appropriate less dense or finer, and for example in stamped thin sheets, of steel or of aluminum alloy, or else in thin composite materials obtained for example by molding.
    As such, it is remarkable that the modular constitution of the blade, and more particularly its segmentation into different modules 4, 7, 8 along its cord, makes it possible to produce the aerodynamic profile of the blade in pieces. Such a breakdown advantageously makes it possible to simplify the production of each piece, and in particular the shaping of the corresponding material, in particular limiting the loss of material, and avoiding the use of complex tools, even when the overall profile to making has a particularly complex shape.
    Preferably, the width P 4 of the median module 4, measured along the chord 10 of the blade 1 is greater than or equal to 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or even 75% of the length P 10 of said rope 10.
    In other words, the median module 4 occupies, in an orthoradial plane of the blade, normal to the generator axis (XX ′), a significant (width) distance (width) even with regard to the distance (width) separating the leading edge 5 of the trailing edge 6, the upstream 7 and downstream modules 8 preferably essentially forming the terminal edges of said blade joined substantially at the edges of the middle module 4.
    Furthermore, the width P 4 of the median module 4 is preferably, as the case may be, less than or equal to 80%, or even 70%, 60% or 50% of the length P- | 0 of blade chord.
    As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, the length L 4 of the median module 4, considered along the generator axis (XX ′), is in turn preferably greater than or equal to 40%, to 50%, to 60%, 75%, 80%, 90% of the span L- of the blade, or even substantially equal to said span of the blade.
    In other words, the middle module 4 preferably extends substantially over the majority, or even the entire length of the blade 1, considered radially between the foot 2 and the head 3 of said blade.
    Advantageously, a middle module 4 thus dimensioned confers a particularly rigid framework to the blade 1 which gives it good rigidity, good mechanical strength and good stability substantially over its entire span L-i.
    Where appropriate, according to an alternative embodiment not shown, the head 3 of the blade 1 may also, similarly to the leading edges 5 and trailing 6, be formed by a tip module, attached to the radially outer portion of the middle module 4, and the length of which will be substantially complementary to that of the middle module 4 to reach the span Lr
    The end module may possibly, as the case may be, be sandwiched between the upstream 7 and downstream 8 modules, or on the contrary also cover the latter in the manner of a cross member.
    Thus, the middle module 4 can form a central part, surrounded or even, to a certain extent, protected by a rim comprising three peripheral modules (upstream, downstream and end), each attached to one of the external edges of said middle module 4 , and more particularly on his songs. Of course, the characteristics, assembly methods, technical effects and advantages associated with any one of said peripheral modules covering the middle module 4 can also be valid, mutatis mutandis, for the other peripheral modules.
    Furthermore, the middle module 4 will advantageously be provided with fixing means making it possible to connect it to the hub, either directly, for example by bolting or welding, or by means of a specific base 11 forming a blade root, such as this is in particular shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, said base 11 possibly being able to be arranged to allow the orientation in azimuth of the blade around its main generating axis (XX ′).
    Furthermore, the middle module 4 is preferably at least partially visible, so as to form at least part of the lower surface 11 and / or the upper surface 1E of the blade 1.
    In other words, at least one, or even two of the opposite external surfaces of the median module 4 (here the upper and lower faces in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5) are preferably arranged to constitute a portion of the profile of the blade in contact with which the fluid F flows, said surface being in the middle portion of said blade, in the extension of the leading edge 5, and preceding the surface of the trailing edge 6 so as to substantially ensure the continuity of the aerodynamic profile .
    Particularly preferably, the middle module 4 is formed by a box 12.
    Advantageously, it is thus possible to give the median module a hollow structure, of the profiled or beam type, preferably not filled and therefore light, which nevertheless remains particularly resistant and rigid.
    More particularly, said box can be formed by the union of two cheeks 13, 14, preferably metallic, which each preferably extend in one piece over the entire length of the median module 4, and which are connected one to the other by at least one beam 15, and preferably two beams 15, 16, or even more.
    Said cheeks may for example be made from sheets of suitable thickness, possibly stamped and / or machined to give it the desired profile and thickness distribution.
    Said beams 15, 16 may advantageously be formed by metal sheets or metal plates which are substantially planar and which connect, in the manner of spacers, preferably substantially perpendicular to the cheeks, and preferably oriented substantially radially, the metal cheeks 13, 14 which thus form respectively an upper cheek 13 of the upper surface and a lower cheek 14 of the lower surface.
    Preferably, there will be at least one ionger 15 towards the upstream edge 4A of the box 12 and the other 16 at the downstream edge 4F of said box.
    Depending on the case, and in particular depending on the thickness E 4 which must be given to the median module 4, one and / or the other of the side members 15, 16 may be either formed by an attached intermediate piece, connected to the cheeks by its two opposite edges, as illustrated in FIG. 5, or again, according to an alternative embodiment corresponding in particular to FIG. 4, correspond to the meeting of two half-spars each coming in one piece with the cheek 13,14 which corresponds to him.
    In either case, the longitudinal members may be primed, or the half-longitudinal members entirely made, by providing internal protuberances 18 projecting from the main plane of each cheek 13, 14 on the internal side of the cheeks, c '' ie in the thickness of the blade, opposite the upper surface or corresponding lower surface.
    We can in particular machine for this purpose said cheeks 13, 14 in the mass, leaving said protrusions 18 projecting forming the bases of the side members or the bodies of the half-side members.
    Preferably, the permanent connection between the cheeks, and more particularly between the cheeks and their respective side members, may be produced by welding, and this in a particularly simple and economical manner.
    Thus, advantageously, and according to a characteristic which can constitute an independent invention, the metal cheeks 13, 14 can be connected to each other, directly or indirectly via a spacer, by at least one weld 17 produced, for example by cord or by points, on an internal protuberance 18 of said cheeks, set back from the lower surface 11 and the upper surface 1E of the blade 1.
    In a particularly advantageous manner, such an arrangement of the welds makes it possible not only to limit their number, to facilitate their production by offering excellent accessibility to the welded parts, but also to arrange the welds in a relatively preserved area, set back from the visible external faces. of the blade, and inside the volume of the box 12, which corresponds to a zone of low stress, including when the blade undergoes a deformation in bending and in particular when it is likely to vibrate in its first proper mode under the effect of non-stationary pressures causing a strong turbulence in the flow.
    Thus, the assembly of the middle module 4 has good robustness and is particularly insensitive to fatigue.
    According to a preferred characteristic which can also constitute a fully-fledged invention, the walls of the box 12, and more particularly the cheeks 13, 14 and the side members 15, 16, can also have a thickness En, As variable, and preferably decreasing, between the foot 2 of the blade 1 and the free end 3 of the latter.
    To this end, the cheeks 13, 14 may in particular be machined with a profile in sections locally having a greater thickness in order to increase the rigidity and reduce the stresses caused for example by the natural vibrations of the rotating blade.
    Of course, the variation in thickness, and more particularly the decrease in thickness, may take place continuously or else be radially fractionated by successive sections ie iong of the generator axis (XX ′), the blade having however preferably a foot 2 which is stronger, thicker, and preferably of larger area, than its head 3.
    Preferably, the upstream module 7 and / or the downstream module 8 will be exclusively carried by the middle module, and / or by the blade root.
    Furthermore, the upstream module 7 and / or the downstream module 8 will preferably be attached to the middle module 4, and more particularly to the box 12, by an easily reversible assembly, such as a screwing 19 and / or a bonding 20 so in particular that they can be replaced without causing damage to the middle module 4.
    More particularly, as illustrated in FIG. 5, it will be conceivable to combine screwing 19 and bonding 20 by using for example a stirrup 21 plated by screwing against a recess or a recess 22 of the cheek 13, 14, intended to accommodate the corresponding free end of the upstream module 7 or of the downstream module 8 disposed opposite the edge of the box 12, said stirrup 21 coming from one hand compressing said end of the upstream or downstream module against the cheek 13, 14, and on the other hand strengthen the connection obtained by placing one or two layers of adhesive between said upstream or downstream module on the one hand and the surface of the cheek 13, 14 and / or that of the stirrup 21 on the other hand .
    Furthermore, the upstream module 7 and / or the downstream module 8 may be retained radially, against the centrifugal force developed during the rotation of the blade, by at least one bearing stop (not shown) associated with the middle module 4.
    Said abutment could for example be of the shoulder or indentation type and stand in a direction substantially orthoradial to the main direction of extension (XX ') of the blade, said abutment being able for example to be located substantially at the level of the foot 2 , to exercise retention by traction, or on the contrary substantially at the level of the head 3 in order to retain in compression the upstream module and / or the downstream module.
    Of course, a person skilled in the art will be able to adapt the blade 1 according to the invention by freely selecting or combining one or the other of the above characteristics if necessary.
    Of course, the present invention also relates as such to the rotary machine provided with one or more blades 1 in accordance with the invention, preferably distributed equally over the rotor of said machine, as well as a method of assembling a like modular blade for rotating machine.
    More particularly, said method may include at least one step (a) of prefabrication of modules during which a rigid middle module 4 is produced separately, an upstream module 7 intended to form the leading edge 5 and a downstream module 8 intended to forming a trailing edge 6, in particular with one or the other of the materials and using one or the other of the methods mentioned above, then an assembly step (b) during which, preferably by easily reversible or removable fixing, said modules 4, 7, 8 by fixing the upstream module 7 on the upstream portion 4A of the middle module 4 and the downstream module 8 on the opposite downstream portion 4F of said middle module 4, and more particularly on the corresponding edges of the box 12, so as to reconstitute the blade 1, by placing the three modules substantially in a row in the direction of the rope, in the extension of one another.
    Advantageously, during the assembly step, the respective surfaces of the three modules are substantially aligned in the extension of one another so as to reconstitute a substantially continuous and smooth aerodynamic profile.
    As such, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the receiving ends of the median module 4 like those of the upstream modules 7 and avai 8 may advantageously have recesses 22 allowing an interlocking and a superposition of the various constituent elements of the junction between modules while retaining overall visible external surfaces arranged in the extension of each other.
    Thus, the payroll construction method 1 in accordance with the invention has numerous advantages, in particular when producing large blades.
    First of all, such a blade, and more particularly its metallic structure, even when it has a generally complex shape, is relatively easy to assemble, with, if necessary, a reduced number of welds.
    Then, the construction of a metallic support box of controlled rigidity all along the span of the blade and following the external surface of this one allows to obtain a first natural frequency of blade high on its bending mode, with reduced mass. It is the same for the other modes of natural vibration of the blade.
    In addition, the metal construction of the blade is carried out with a reduced number of welds located in areas where the air stresses will be low, in particular in the case where the payroll is subject to natural vibrations resulting from non-stationary aerodynamic forces to which it can be submitted occasionally, regularly or even permanently. This is therefore particularly advantageous for obtaining good fatigue strength under this type of stress.
    Finally, the construction of a metallic support box, preferably made of steel, ensures better resistance of the structure vis-à-vis the impacts that the blade could undergo due to particles, parts, or objects transported in the stream of fluid. , in particular in the case of foreign bodies accidentally entering a stream of fluid F, and in particular a stream of air, having a high speed. Moreover, if such impacts can remain damaging for its peripheral modules, potentially the most exposed, and in particular for the upstream module forming the leading edge or even the end module, this has only little consequences in practical since these parts are produced at low cost in light materials and can be easily replaced, at a much lower cost than that which would represent the replacement of the entire blade.
    it is thus possible to obtain a long service life of the blade, and more generally of the rotary machine which uses it, at low cost, by preserving durably the rigid framework of the median module and by replacing only occasionally the relatively inexpensive wear parts that constitute the upstream and downstream modules, and where appropriate the end module.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1 - Blade (1) intended to equip the rotor with a rotary machine, said blade being characterized in that it has a modular structure comprising:
    - a rigid middle module (4) which extends radially from the foot (2) of the blade towards the free end (3) thereof, at a distance from the leading (5) and trailing (6) edges ),
    - an upstream module (7) forming a leading edge and attached to the upstream portion (4A) of the middle module,
    - a downstream module (8) forming a trailing edge and attached to the downstream portion (4F) of the middle module, said middle module (4) being formed by a box (12), the walls of the box (12) having a variable thickness between the foot (2) of the blade and the free end (3) of the latter.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2 - Blade according to claim 1 characterized in that said thickness of the walls of the box (12) is decreasing between the foot (2) of the blade and the free end (3) of the latter.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3 - Blade according to claim 1 or 2 characterized in that the width (P 4 ) of the middle module (4) is greater than or equal to 20%, 25%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% or even 75% of the length (P-io) of rope (10) of the blade 1.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4 - Blade according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the length (L 4 ) of the middle module is greater than or equal to 40%, 50%, 60%, 75%, 80%, 90% of the span of the blade (Li), or even substantially equal to said span of the blade.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5 - Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the median module (4) is at least partly visible so as to form at least part of the lower surface (11) and / or the upper surface (1 E) of the blade (1).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6 - Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the box (12) is formed by the union of two metal cheeks (13, 14), which each preferably extend in one piece over the entire length of the middle module, and which are connected to each other by at least one spar (15), and preferably two spars (15, 16).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7 - Blade according to claim 6 characterized in that the metal cheeks (13, 14) are connected by at least one weld (17) produced on an internal protuberance (18) of said cheeks, set back from the lower surface (11) and of the upper surface (1E) of the blade (1).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8 - Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the middle module (4) on the one hand, the upstream module (7) and / or the downstream module (8) on the other hand are made of separate materials .
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9 - Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upstream module (7) and / or the downstream module (8) are attached to the middle module (4) by an easily reversible assembly, such as screwing (19) and / or bonding (20), so that they can be replaced without causing damage to the middle module.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 - Payroll according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upstream module (7) and / or the downstream module (8) are retained radially against the centrifugal force by at least one support stop, shoulder type, associated with the middle module (4).
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11-Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a span greater than or equal to 2 m, 3 m, 4 m, or 5 m.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12 - Blade according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its head (3) is formed by an end module attached to the radially external portion of the middle module (4).
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13 - Rotating machine, of the turbine, fan or wind turbine type, comprising at least one blade (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14-A method of assembling a modular blade for a rotary machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, said method comprising at least one step (a) of prefabrication of modules during which a middle module is produced separately ( 4) rigid, an upstream module (7) intended to form the leading edge (5)
    5 and a downstream module (8) intended to form a trailing edge (6), then an assembly step (b) during which said modules are assembled by fixing the upstream module (7) on the upstream portion (4A) of the middle module (4) and the downstream module (8) on the opposite downstream portion (4F) of said middle module so as to reconstitute a blade (1).
    2/2
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20140227100A1|2014-08-14|
    FR3059040B1|2021-02-12|
    WO2013041814A1|2013-03-28|
    FR2980514A1|2013-03-29|
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    US10408060B2|2019-09-10|
    FR2980514B1|2018-01-05|
    EP2761164A1|2014-08-06|
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1158525A|FR2980514B1|2011-09-23|2011-09-23|ROTATING MACHINE BLADE WITH REINFORCED MODULAR STRUCTURE|
    FR1158525|2011-09-23|
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