• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an electrical system (1) comprising a plurality of modules (M1-M3) that can be independently powered, characterized in that it further comprises: - an application module (5) for each of the modules (M1-M3) of a current modulated by a signal specific to the module, - an acoustic sensor (3) for measuring an acoustic signal that accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module, - a processing unit ( 6) configured to identify a signature of one of the specific signals in the acoustic signal measured by the acoustic sensor to identify the defective module. The invention also relates to a method for locating defects in such an electrical system.
    公开号:FR3016443A1
    申请号:FR1450316
    申请日:2014-01-15
    公开日:2015-07-17
    发明作者:Vincent Heiries；Jean-Louis Lacoume；Pierre Perichon
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD The field of the invention is that of electrical systems, in particular high voltage systems, inside the field of protection against electrical arcs using specific modulation to an acoustic wave modulator accompanied by an electric arc. from which electric arcs can arise: electrical cabinets, transformers, wiring, batteries. The invention more particularly relates to a technique for detecting and locating electric arcs based on a measurement of the acoustic wave generated by an electric arc. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART In electrical systems, the rupture of a cable or a faulty connection may cause an electric arc which, if maintained, will cause damage. In the case of systems operating in direct current, such as batteries for example, the formed arc is maintained and can be the cause of significant heating leading to a fire. The early detection of an electric arc is thus a major issue for the curse of operation of electrical systems, and in particular batteries. A generic method of arcing detection is based on current and voltage measurements that are disturbed by the appearance of an electric arc.
    [0002] By appropriate treatment of these measurements, it is possible to detect the appearance of the electric arc. This solution is, however, inapplicable for certain applications, such as batteries in which the electrochemical accumulators have a very low impedance which attenuates the voltage signature of the electric arcs. To overcome this detection problem, a large number of sensors should be used, which would result in an inappropriate cost.
    [0003] Another method of arcing detection relies on the measurement of optical radiation. This solution is, however, inapplicable in applications where the radiation sensor is unable to detect the radiation of certain connections obscured by a protective housing of complex shape or disposed in the heart of a module and obscured by other components. Another method of arcing detection, used in photovoltaic panels, is based on the measurement of the electromagnetic field and the identification of a specific signature. Such detection induces a large number of false alarms, in particular when the surrounding electromagnetic noise is important. Moreover, such detection is strongly affected by any screen to the propagation of electromagnetic waves. In addition, such detection has a relatively long response time. Another method of arcing detection is based on the detection of the acoustic wave that occurs in the presence of an electric arc. US patent application 2012/0006117 A1 discloses a technique of applying an electrical signal in a buried electric cable. This signal will generate an electric arc at a cable defect, this electric arc triggering a discharge noise in the form of an acoustic signal. This acoustic signal is detected on the surface and makes it possible to locate the fault.
    [0004] Electrical systems often break down into a plurality of modules, each module being likely to be defective and to generate an electric arc. By module is meant a subset of an electrical system, for example a particular electrical equipment, a cable, a connector, a cell, or a group of such elements.
    [0005] If the detection methods presented above can detect an electric arc generated in an electrical system, they do not identify the defective module birthplace of the electric arc. Or such identification is desirable, especially for maintenance purposes or to isolate the defective module while continuing to supply the other modules of the system to ensure continuity of service.
    [0006] DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to address this problem of identifying a defective module birthplace of an electric arc in an electrical system decomposed into a plurality of modules. To this end, it proposes a method for locating faults in an electrical system comprising a plurality of modules that can be powered independently with current, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: application to each of the modules of a current modulated by a module specific signal, measurement of an acoustic signal which accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module, identification of a signature of one of the specific signals in the measured acoustic signal to identify the defective module. Some preferred but nonlimiting process aspects are as follows: the identification of a signature of one of the specific signals in the measured acoustic signal comprises a correlation of the measured acoustic signal with each of the specific signals; identifying the faulty module includes identifying an autocorrelation peak among the correlation results of the acoustic signal measured with each of the specific signals; it further comprises a step of locating the electric arc by determining, from the autocorrelation results of the acoustic signal measured with the specific signal associated with the defective module, the propagation time of the acoustic wave from the electric arc up to an acoustic sensor measuring the acoustic signal; it comprises determining the propagation time of the acoustic wave from the electric arc to at least three acoustic sensors performing the measurement of the acoustic signal, and a triangulation of the propagation times thus determined. a signal specific to a module is a pseudo-random code sequence, for example a Gold code or a Kasami code. each of the specific signals is shaped by a rectangular waveform before correlation with the measured acoustic signal. - It includes the preliminary steps of detection of an electric arc, and cutting power to the electrical system. the modulated current applied to each of the modules is superimposed on an operating current of the electrical system. The invention also relates to an electrical system comprising a plurality of modules that can be independently powered, characterized in that it further comprises: - an application module to each of the modules of a current modulated by a specific signal to the module, - an acoustic sensor for measuring an acoustic signal that accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module, - a processing unit configured to identify a signature of one of the specific signals in the acoustic signal measured by the acoustic sensor to identify the faulty module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other aspects, objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear better on reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments thereof, given by way of non-limiting example, and made in reference to the accompanying drawings in which: - Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of implementation of a fault location in an electrical system according to the invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the steps of an exemplary implementation of a method for locating faults in an electrical system according to the invention; FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a possible embodiment of identifying a signature of a specific signal in the measured acoustic signal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PARTICULAR EMBODIMENTS The invention proposes to detect the appearance of electric arcs in an electrical system comprising a plurality of modules that can be powered independently with current, and more particularly to identify which of these modules is at the same time. origin of the electric arc. Figure 1 is a diagram showing an example of such an electrical system 1. The electrical system 1 comprises a protective housing 2 inside which are housed different subassemblies or modules M1-M3. By way of a purely illustrative example, FIG. 1 shows two modules M1 and M2 electrically connected in series between an input terminal E and an output terminal S of the electrical system 1, and a module M3 connected in parallel. series modules M1 and M2 between the input terminals E and output S. An electric arc, series or parallel, is likely to be born when one of these modules M1-M3 is defective. This arc is accompanied by the emission of an acoustic wave. The electrical system 1 further comprises an acoustic sensor 3, for example housed in the protective housing 2, which makes it possible to measure an acoustic signal which accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module M1-M3. The acoustic sensor 3 is for example a microphone, in particular when the propagation medium of the acoustic wave is air. It is preferably configured to measure ultrasound in a band between 60 and 300 kHz, preferably between 60 and 150 kHz. The acoustic sensor 3 can take other forms, such as that of a piezoelectric sensor that can be used in particular to measure an acoustic signal propagating inside a cable.
    [0007] The electrical system 1 further comprises a processing unit 4 connected to the acoustic sensor 3 to ensure the identification of a defective module as will be detailed later. The electrical system 1 also comprises a module for applying a current 5 to each of the modules M1-M3. This module 5 is more particularly configured to apply to each of the modules a current modulated by a signal specific to the module. FIG. 2 illustrates a possible embodiment of the location of defects in the electrical system 1 according to the invention and which consists of identifying the defective module causing an electric arc. In a first step "Mnt", it is proceeded to the monitoring of the occurrence of an electric arc in the electrical system by means of an arc detector connected to the processing unit 4 or to a dedicated processing unit . This detector may be the acoustic sensor 4 itself, or any other type of detector such as an electromagnetic sensor. When an arc generated by a faulty module is detected, in a second step "CA", the power supply of the electrical system or part of it is cut off when the detection of the arc is accompanied by a location of it. This cut interrupts the electric arc.
    [0008] Then in a third step "ASp", the current is restored at the terminals of the various modules M1-M3 of the electrical system by means of the application module of a current 5. This module 5 is more specifically applied to each of the modules M1-M3 a current modulated by a signal specific to the module, respectively C1-C3 for the modules M1-M3. The parameters of the current modulations applied to the different modules can be supplied to the application module of a current 5 by the processing unit 4. On the contrary, the application module of a current 5 can provide these modulation parameters. to the processing unit 4. Or, these modulation parameters are known by construction of the application module of a current 5 and the processing unit 4.
    [0009] Following the restoration of the current, the arc is then again generated at the faulty module and the specific modulation of the current applied to the defective module results in a modulation also specific to the acoustic emission of the arc (physical phenomenon known as the name of singing bow).
    [0010] In a fourth step "IDMd", the processing unit 4 is used to identify a signature of one of the specific modulation signals in the acoustic signal measured by the acoustic sensor 3, and thus to identification of the defective module. As shown in FIG. 3, the identification step "IDMd" can comprise a correlation of the acoustic signal SA measured by the acoustic sensor 3 with each of the specific signals C1-C3. An analysis circuit 6 of the results of the various correlations performs an autocorrelation peak search among these various results, in particular by comparison with a predetermined threshold. When such a peak is identified, the analysis circuit 6 indicates which of the modules is defective, namely the module Mj associated with the specific signal Cj modulating the acoustic signature of the electric arc. The search for the peak of autocorrelation also enables the analysis circuit 6 to measure the propagation time of the acoustic wave from the arc generating it to the acoustic sensor 3. In a possible embodiment of the invention, at least three acoustic sensors 3 are used, which makes it possible to determine the precise location of the electric arc by a technique of triangulation of the propagation time of the acoustic wave of the electric arc towards each of the acoustic sensors 4. localization exploits unambiguous measurements of propagation time and thus has the advantage of being more accurate than localization techniques exploiting the differences in arrival time of the acoustic signal up to each of the sensors. The acoustic signal SA being integrated during the correlation over the duration of a specific signal, a significant processing gain is provided, which significantly improves the reliability and the sensitivity of the faulty module identification and the localization. of the electric arc.
    [0011] The specific signals C1-C3 are preferably shaped before correlation with the acoustic signal SA to improve the detection of the peak of autocorrelation, for example by means of a waveform, in particular a rectangular waveform, thanks to to which the specific signals have steep rising and falling edges. In another embodiment of the invention, the "Mnt" monitoring steps of the occurrence of an electric arc in the electrical system and of cutting off the "AC" supply following the detection are not carried out. an electric arc. In this other embodiment, the current modulated by a specific signal applied to each of the modules M1-M3 is superimposed on the operating current of the electrical system. The modulated current is preferably smaller in amplitude than the operating current. The modulated current can be applied continuously, or intermittently. In this other embodiment, a possible electric arc will be detected at the same time as will be identified the defective module at the origin of the arc.
    [0012] An example of a specific signal used in the invention for modulating a current applied to a module of the electrical system is a pseudo-random code sequence. Thus, it is possible to use, for example, a Gold code or a Kasami code, these codes having very good correlation properties and that can be generated with a controlled complexity.
    [0013] By way of illustrative example, a Gold code is a pseudo-random sequence resulting from the sum modulo 2 of two sequences with maximum length (of length n) of the same period Lc and of the same rhythm. We denote n the size of the shift register, and we have Lc = 2n-1. The sum of these two sequences generates a family of codes whose numerical versions have correlation functions such that the intercorrelation (i # j) takes only three possible values and the autocorrelation Kcicine takes only four possible values (the three values intercorrelations plus one): Lc 1 - 1t (n); Kcici (t) = i ÷c [t (n) - 2] Lc t (n) '{1 Lc - [t (n) - 2] for i # j, Kcici (t) = n + i n + 2 with t (n) 41 + 2 2 if n is odd, and with t (n) = [1 + 2 2] if n is even. Thus for a code length 1023: 1 for i # j, Kcici (t) 1023 1023 Thus, this type of spreading code makes it easy to discriminate a particular code from another code, and thus to identify the faulty connection . The detection of an autocorrelation peak is also particularly suitable for calculating the propagation time of the acoustic wave. 1023 1023 Kcici (t) 65 65 1023 65 1023 65
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method for locating faults in an electrical system (1) comprising a plurality of modules (M1-M3) that can be independently powered, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: application (ASp) to each of the modules of a current modulated by a specific signal (C1-C3) to the module, measurement of an acoustic signal (SA) which accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module (Mj), - identification (IDMd) of a signature of the one of the specific signals in the acoustic signal measured to identify the defective module (Mj).
    [0002]
    The method of claim 1, wherein identifying a signature of one of the specific signals in the measured acoustic signal comprises correlating the measured acoustic signal (SA) with each of the specific signals (C1-C3).
    [0003]
    The method of claim 3, wherein identifying the defective module includes identifying an autocorrelation peak among the correlation results of the acoustic signal measured with each of the specific signals.
    [0004]
    The method according to claim 3, further comprising a step of locating the electric arc by determining, from the autocorrelation results of the acoustic signal measured with the specific signal associated with the defective module, the propagation time of the acoustic wave from the electric arc to an acoustic sensor (3) performing the measurement of the acoustic signal.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 4, comprising determining the propagation time of the acoustic wave from the electric arc to at least three acoustic sensors performing the measurement of the acoustic signal, and a triangulation of the propagation time thus determined.
    [0006]
    The method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a module-specific signal is a pseudo-random code sequence, for example a Gold code or a Kasami code.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to one of claims 2 to 6, wherein each of the specific signals is shaped by a rectangular waveform before correlation with the measured acoustic signal.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the prior steps of detection (Mnt) of an electric arc, and power failure (AC) of the electrical system.
    [0009]
    9. Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the modulated current applied to each of the modules is superimposed on an operating current of the electrical system.
    [0010]
    10. Electrical system (1) comprising a plurality of modules (M1-M3) that can be independently powered, characterized in that it further comprises: an application module (5) to each of the modules (M1-M3) ) of a current modulated by a specific signal (C1-C3) to the module, an acoustic sensor (3) for measuring an acoustic signal (SA) which accompanies an electric arc generated by a defective module (Mj), a processing unit (6) configured to identify a signature of one of the specific signals in the acoustic signal measured by the acoustic sensor to identify the defective module.
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3016443B1|2016-02-19|
    EP2896969B1|2016-06-22|
    US20150198650A1|2015-07-16|
    EP2896969A1|2015-07-22|
    US9594108B2|2017-03-14|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2015-02-02| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-02-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-01-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2018-11-02| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20180928 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1450316A|FR3016443B1|2014-01-15|2014-01-15|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC ARCS USING A MODULATION SPECIFIC TO AN ACOUSTICAL WAVE MODULE ACCOMPANYING AN ELECTRICAL ARC|FR1450316A| FR3016443B1|2014-01-15|2014-01-15|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRIC ARCS USING A MODULATION SPECIFIC TO AN ACOUSTICAL WAVE MODULE ACCOMPANYING AN ELECTRICAL ARC|
    US14/584,283| US9594108B2|2014-01-15|2014-12-29|Method and system for protecting against electrical arcs implementing a modulation specific to a module of the acoustic wave accompanying an electrical arc|
    EP15150994.0A| EP2896969B1|2014-01-15|2015-01-13|Method and system for protecting against electric arcs implementing a specific modulation to a module of the acoustic wave accompanying an electric arc|
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