• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to an image projection system, comprising a device (1) for transmitting (1) a light beam (10), means for forming an image from said light beam (10), said image being decomposed into frames projected successively by said system. The system comprises means (12) for attenuating the light beam (10) comprising a liquid crystal cell (16) capable of being driven by an alternating signal between two voltage levels, said alternating signal being generated by a generator of signal (19), said signal generator (19) flipping said AC signal from one voltage level to another between projections of two successive frames of the image.
    公开号:FR3015704A1
    申请号:FR1303042
    申请日:2013-12-20
    公开日:2015-06-26
    发明作者:Michael Irzyk
    申请人:Valeo Etudes Electroniques；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to an image projection system and a display device using said system. The invention will find applications, for example, in motor vehicles to inform users of the vehicle, especially its driver.
    [0002] It is known to equip a motor vehicle with a display system, said head held. Such a system is placed in the field of vision of the driver and displays information on the state of the motor vehicle, traffic or otherwise. In order not to disturb the driving, it is necessary that the brightness of the projected image is adapted to the ambient brightness. In particular, it is necessary that the optical power of the projected image be significantly different during a daytime trip and a night path or when passing through a tunnel. With the head-up displays using light-emitting diodes, it has already been proposed to vary the brightness of the projected image by controlling the power supply of the diodes. Such devices allow a satisfactory adaptation of the brightness. However, their diurnal brightness remains insufficient. To overcome this defect, there are known displays using light sources of the laser type. However, the adaptation of the brightness offered in such a case by controlling the amount of current supplied to the sources does not sufficiently reduce the optical power of the image. By way of example, if it is considered that it is desired to have an optical power of the order of 10 000 Cd / m 2 under diurnal running conditions and of the order of 5 Cd / m 2 under conditions night driving, it is found that it is necessary to reduce the brightness of a factor of 2000 during a transition from one of the driving conditions to another.
    [0003] In addition, in the context of a vehicle head-up display, it is necessary for security reasons that this decrease in brightness does not lead to deterioration of the displayed image, to ensure good readability to the driver information important things that can be displayed. 2. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of known image projection systems and displays. In particular, the invention also aims to provide an image projection system and a display that can effectively reduce the brightness of the light beam for forming an image.
    [0004] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, an image projection system and a display that allow the attenuation of the brightness of said beam without deterioration of the quality of the projected image and displayed by the display. 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention relates to an image projection system, comprising a device for emitting a light beam, means for forming an image from said light beam, said image being decomposed into frames successively projected by said system, characterized in that said system comprises means for attenuating the optical power of the light beam, the attenuation means comprising: a liquid crystal cell, able to be driven by a an alternating signal between two voltage levels, the cell providing a modification of the orientation of a polarization of the light beam under the control of the AC signal, a signal generator generating the AC signal, said signal generator flipping said AC signal of a voltage level to another between the projections of two successive frames of the image. means ensuring the variation of the optical power of the light beam as a function of the orientation of said polarization.
    [0005] A system according to the invention therefore makes it possible to attenuate the light beam by means of attenuation placed downstream of the existing transmission device, without modifications thereof. The attenuation means comprise a liquid crystal cell which allows, on command, to change the polarization direction of the light beam, which ensures the attenuation of the brightness of the beam. The liquid crystal cell is controlled by an electrical signal applied to the terminals of the liquid crystal cell, the voltage value of which changes the orientation of the polarization: the polarization and therefore the attenuation is a function of the absolute value of the voltage at the terminals of the crystal. The use of an alternating electrical signal between two voltage levels makes it possible to regularly modify the voltage value in order to avoid the very rapid deteriorations of the liquid crystal cell that occur if it is fed by a continuous signal. The alternation between the two voltage levels is between the projection of two frames of the image, to avoid any degradation of the image may pose security problems if the projection system is installed in a head-up display of vehicle. A plurality of frames may be projected between two alternations, and preferably only one frame is projected between two half cycles, ie the alternation takes place between each frame projection. Advantageously and according to a variant of the invention, the device for emitting the light beam comprises at least one laser diode. Advantageously and according to another variant of the invention, the device for emitting the light beam is a liquid crystal screen type cell comprising a thin film transistor, illuminated by a backlight. These two variants are technologies frequently used in the field of projection and image display: the laser diode is used alone for a monochromatic light beam, or in combination of three laser diodes for a conventional polychromatic light beam. The liquid crystal display technology comprising a thin film transistor is commonly referred to as TFT-LCD (for Thin-Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display). The backlighting is generally performed by means of a light emitting diode (LED). Both variants have the advantage of providing sufficient brightness for a system according to the invention, and to emit polarized light, which makes it possible not to polarize the beam downstream of the emission device. Advantageously and according to the invention, the average of the AC signal voltage is zero. According to this aspect of the invention, the life of the liquid crystal cell is improved over the use of a DC or AC alternative signal with a non-zero average which degrades the liquid crystal cell more rapidly. Advantageously and according to the invention, the two voltage levels are of equal absolute values and of opposite signs. According to this aspect of the invention, the two voltage levels have the same absolute value, which makes it possible to obtain the same result in the direction of the polarization generated by the liquid crystal cell. Thus, the alternation of the signal does not modify the direction of the polarization, and therefore does not modify the attenuation of the light beam. Advantageously and according to the invention, the alternating signal is periodic. According to this aspect of the invention, it is possible to use as a signal generator a conventional periodic alternating signal generator well known to those skilled in the art, and thus easily adjust the frequency of the alternating driving signal of the liquid crystal cell. Advantageously and according to this last aspect of the invention, the frequency of the periodic alternating signal is equal to half the projection frequency of the frames of the image. According to this aspect of the invention, the switching of the periodic alternating signal from one voltage level to another occurs between each frame projection. The invention also relates to a display, in particular a head-up display, comprising an image projection system according to the invention. A display according to the invention makes it possible to display the image projected by the image projection system. In the case of a head-up display installed for example in a vehicle, the display allows the driver of the vehicle to have in his field of vision information relating to driving, the vehicle and / or the environment. The invention also relates to an image projection method, said method comprising a step of emitting a light beam and a step of forming an image from said light beam, said step of forming an image being decomposed into several successive image projection sub-stages, characterized in that said method comprises a step of attenuating the light beam by driving an alternating signal between two voltage levels, the tilting of the alternating signal a voltage level to another being controlled between the successive sub-stages of image projection frames. 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description given solely by way of non-limiting example and which refers to the appended figures in which: FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an emission device and attenuation means of an image projection system according to one embodiment of the invention, in several operating modes a), b) and c), FIG. 2 is an example of a curve representing the optical power of the beam, expressed as a percentage on the ordinate, as a function of the voltage applied across a liquid crystal cell of a system according to the invention, expressed in volts on the abscissa, FIG. time diagram representing the succession of frames (a) and the alternating signal (b) driving the liquid crystal cell of the attenuation means of the system according to the invention, as a function of the time t on the abscissa, FIG. feel a schematic view of an image projection system and a head-up display according to the invention. 5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ONE EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION It should be noted that the figures show the invention in detail to implement the invention, said figures can of course be used to better define the invention where appropriate . As illustrated in FIG. 1 in operating modes a), b) and c), the invention firstly relates to a projection system comprising a device 1 for emitting a light beam, intended to form an image . Such a device is more particularly intended to equip a head-up display of a motor vehicle, where at least one information related to the vehicle is projected. Said device comprises one or more sources 4, 5, 6 each emitting a beam 7, 8, 9 of the laser type. These are, for example, laser sources, typically laser diodes, each laser source emitting a monochromatic beam, that is to say consisting of a single wavelength. Said device here comprises a plurality of sources 4, 5, 6, in this case three, said device being configured to form the light beam 10 by means of pooling by combining the beams 7, 8, 9 individually. emitted by each of said sources 4, 5, 6. More specifically, it may be sources emitting a beam of a different color from one source to another. Colors are, for example, red, green, or blue (RGB).
    [0006] The optical power of each of the sources is controlled, independently, using the power supply of the laser source or sources. At a given optical power, the color of the light beam 10 is determined by the way in which a power ratio is established between the different laser diodes. For example, to obtain a white light, the optical powers, in proportion, must be established according to the following distribution: 60 for the green diode, 30 for the blue diode, 10 for the red diode. As further developed, the optical power of each of the sources can also be controlled to modulate the optical power of the light beam 10.
    [0007] The beams 7, 8, 9 emitted by each of the sources are oriented, for example, parallel to each other and reflected in the same direction to form by combination said common light beam 10. Said device 1 here comprises for this purpose optical elements semitransparent, over a range of wavelengths, such as dichroic mirrors or combination blades 11, intercepting the beams 7, 8, 9 emitted by each of said sources and combining them in the direction of said beam 10. More generally, said device 1 is configured to form said light beam 10 from said laser beam or beams 7, 8, 9, whatever the number of sources 4, 5, 6 involved. In case of a single source, the light beam 10 is composed of the laser beam emitted by the only source used and the resulting image will then be monochrome, composed of the different levels of optical powers applied to each of the points that compose it, according to a removed from said color. In the case of a plurality of sources, typically the three sources 4, 5, 6 mentioned above, said common beam 10 which then forms said light beam will allow the establishment of an image according to a color spectrum whose resolution will correspond to the fineness for controlling the supply of said sources 4, 5, 6. According to the invention, the image projection system comprises attenuation means 12 situated downstream of said source or sources 4, 5, 6, allowing vary the optical power of the light beam 10. In other words, a color and / or intensity being conferred on the light beam 10 by controlling the power supply of the sources, said attenuation means 12 allow the power to be varied. optical beam (s) 7, 8, 9, 10. In particular, it will be possible to adapt the optical power of the beam to diurnal driving conditions and night driving conditions. Said device may include means for controlling the current supply of said sources. As mentioned above, they may allow a choice of the color of the light beam 10.
    [0008] More precisely, said control means are configured, for example, to provide a linear current regulation of the optical power of said laser beams 7, 8, 9 so as to ensure said choice of color of the light beam 10, in a proportion of power. assigned to each of said laser beams 7, 8, 9. For example, it is possible to provide six-bit color coding, corresponding to sixty four optical power levels for each of said laser beams 7, 8, 9. Said means control may also be configured to provide additional adjustment of the optical power of said light beam. In this way, a particularly high attenuation rate can be achieved. More specifically, said control means are configured to provide pulse width modulation regulation of the optical power of said laser beams 7, 8, 9 so as to perform said additional adjustment of the optical power of said light beam 10, in particular according to an attenuation factor of between 5 and 20, in particular of approximately 10. It is thus possible to adjust the color and / or the optical power of said light beam 10. Said control means comprise, for example, a microcontroller , not shown. Advantageously, said attenuation means 12 are configured to vary the optical power of the light beam according to an orientation of a polarization of said beam or beams. One benefits from the kind of a physical peculiarity of the laser beams, namely that they have the property of being strongly polarized. For simplicity, it is considered that there is a ratio of 200/1 between the brightness associated with each of the two orthogonal components of the polarization of a laser beam. In this way, an attenuation factor of about 200 can be obtained which, combined with the attenuation factor from the control means, in particular pulse width modulation, will make it possible to reach the level of 2000 referred to above. high.
    [0009] According to the illustrated embodiment, said attenuation means 12 comprise means 16 for modifying the orientation of the polarization of said beam (s) and, downstream, means for varying the optical power of said light beam (s). function of the orientation of said polarization, here an analyzer 17 transmitting only one of the components of the polarization of said beam or beams. Here, the beam 10 has, before passing through the means 16 for modifying the orientation, an initial orientation 18. In the operating mode a), said means 16 for modifying the orientation of the polarization let the beam pass. without changing the orientation of its polarization and the orientation 13 obtained at the output of said modifying means allows a transmission approaching 100% of the beam through the analyzer 17. In the operating mode b), said means 16 for modifying the polarization orientation undergoes a polarization orientation change at a first angle and the orientation 14 obtained at the output of said modification means 16 allows transmission of 30% of the beam through the analyzer 17. in operation c), said means 16 for changing the orientation of the polarization undergo a change of orientation of the polarization so that the new orientation 15 ob held is orthogonally shifted to the orientation of the polarization of the incident beam. The transmission of the beam through the analyzer 17 is then minimum, symbolized by the figure of 0%. The polarization orientation modification means 16 include, for example, liquid crystal means such as a liquid crystal cell. Said analyzer 17 is, for example, a polarizing film. In another embodiment, the transmitting device may be composed of a liquid crystal screen comprising a thin film transistor (TFT-LCD for Thin Film Transisor Liquid Crystal Display). This liquid crystal display is backlit by light-emitting diodes (LED or LED). Such a device also provides a highly polarized light beam, due to the presence of polarization films in the liquid crystal screen. In the remainder of the description, the polarization orientation modification means 16 are a liquid crystal cell 16. The liquid crystal cell 16 is driven by a signal generated by a signal generator 19. The variation of the The voltage provided by this signal across the liquid crystal cell 16 allows the adjustment of the direction of the polarization of the light beam 10 passing therethrough. In the context of the invention, this variation of the voltage therefore results in a variation of the optical power of the light beam 10, due to the attenuation thereof by the attenuation means 12. FIG. a graph illustrating an example of this variation of the optical power of the light beam 10, expressed as a percentage as a function of the absolute value of the voltage across the liquid crystal cell 16, expressed in volts. A conventional liquid crystal cell must be driven by an alternating signal. Indeed, the application of a continuous signal across a liquid crystal cell has the effect of significantly reducing the life of the latter. In addition, the application to a liquid crystal cell of opposite voltages, that is to say of the same absolute value but of different signs, makes it possible to obtain the same result in terms of attenuation. Thus, the signal can alternatively be varied.
    [0010] The image projected by the image projection system is in a manner known to those skilled in the art broken down into successively projected frames at a given projection frequency. In the case of a projection based on a scanning of a screen by a light beam deflected by a scanning means, a frame corresponds to a complete scanning of the screen by the light beam. Between these two frames, the scanning means must return to its initial position during a reduced time interval during which no frame is projected. Thus, according to the invention, the alternation of the alternating signal between the two voltage levels is performed between two of these screen projections, during this time interval where the beam is not deflected on the screen by means of sweep as it returns to its starting position. In doing so, it avoids image distortions that occur when the signal alternates during the projection of a frame. This provides a non-degraded image, which is essential for the use of the projection system in a head-up display for a motor vehicle, for reasons of safety and comfort. FIG. 3b represents such an alternative signal used by the system according to the invention. The signal is represented by a curve 20, expressing the signal voltage as a function of time. This curve 20 is put in parallel with the succession of frames projected by the system, as a function of time (FIG. 3a). Four frames 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d are shown, and after each frame and before a new frame a time slot 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d occurs, during which the scanning means returns to its initial position and therefore no frame is not displayed. It is at this point that the signal can alternate from one voltage level to another without degrading the image. In the illustrated embodiment, alternation is performed between each frame projection, but the signal can alternately alternate every two, three, or x frames, as well as alternating irregularly and non-periodically. Preferably, the alternating signal varies between a positive value and an opposite negative value in order to obtain a constant attenuation. Also preferably, the average of the AC signal voltage is zero. This further increases the life of the liquid crystal cell because a non-zero average is equivalent to using a non-zero continuous signal that damages the liquid crystal cell.
    [0011] More preferably, the signal is periodic. A periodic alternating signal is more easily generated by a conventional signal generator known to those skilled in the art. Advantageously, the frequency of the signal is equal to half the frequency of projection of the frames. For example, the projection frequency of the frames may be 60 Hz and the signal frequency may be 30 Hz.
    [0012] The signal represented by the curve 20 of FIG. 3b is therefore a signal according to an embodiment combining the aforementioned characteristics: it is a periodic signal of zero average and whose voltage levels + V and -V are opposite. Its frequency is equal to half of the frame projection frequency, that is to say that the alternation of one voltage level to another takes place between each frame projection. The signal represented by the curve 20 is a perfect square signal, which alternates directly between the two voltage levels and which takes as value only these two voltage levels, with no intermediate value. In practice, a square signal used in the invention can take negligible intermediate values for a limited time, during alternations from one voltage level to another.
    [0013] As illustrated in FIG. 4, the invention also relates to a head-up display comprising an image projection system 100 according to the invention. The projection system 100 comprises, in addition to the device for emitting a light beam 1, means 102 for forming an image from said light beam 10.
    [0014] Said image forming means 102 comprise, for example, a scanning generator 110 whose function is to move horizontally and vertically the light beam 10 in order to provide a beam 103 performing a scanning at a frequency, in particular equal to 60 Hz , as a non-limiting example. The scanning generator 110 comprises, for example, a scanning mirror with a micro-electro-mechanical system (hereinafter called MEMS mirror) on which the light beam 10 is reflected in a scanning beam 103. Such a MEMS mirror presents by example a diameter of 1 me. The MEMS mirror is able to rotate about two axes of rotation to perform a scan, for example at the refresh rate of 60 Hz, a diffuser screen 111 of said means 102 for forming an image. Said image is then formed on said diffuser 111. Alternatively, the MEMS mirror can be replaced by two plane and movable mirrors, whose movements are associated. One of these mirrors can be dedicated to a scan along a horizontal axis while the other mirror can be dedicated to a scan along a vertical axis.
    [0015] The diffuser 111 where the image is formed may be a transparent projection screen with a complex structure for projection by transparency. It can alternatively be translucent. It is made, for example, of glass, especially frosted, or polycarbonate. For example, the diffuser screen is of the exit pupil type ("Exit Pupil Expander"). It allows to have an expanded observation cone. It extends in a plane traversed by the light beam, the image resulting from this scanning beam 103 being formed in the plane of a face of the diffuser screen 111.
    [0016] This diffuser screen receives the scanning beam 103. It is arranged to cause a dispersion of this scanning beam 103 according to an angular sector, for example, equal to 30 ° with respect to the direction of the scanning beam 103 at the moment when it comes to strike the diffuser screen 111. To do this, according to a non-limiting example, a face 112 of the diffuser screen is rough, in that it has asperities that cause the dispersion of the scanning beam 103. The rough face 112 corresponds to that by which the beam emerges, that is to say the face on which the image is formed.
    [0017] According to another variant not illustrated, said image forming means do not comprise a scanning generator, as described above, but a matrix of micro mirrors (also called Digital micro mirrors systems). In this configuration the image is formed at the level of the mirror array and then projected onto the diffuser screen. In general, a projection optics is placed between the matrix and the screen. Each micro mirror corresponds to a pixel of the image. In this embodiment, the image is not formed on the diffuser screen for the first time, but receives an image previously formed on the mirror array.
    [0018] It should be noted that said attenuation means 12 may be arranged upstream of said image forming means 102, as described in FIG. 1. They may still be downstream. In a variant, they may be placed between the scanning generator 110 or the micro-mirror array, on the one hand, and the diffuser screen 111, on the other hand.
    [0019] Said projection system may also comprise different mirrors 104, 106 planes or concave so as to focus the beams to the diffuser screen 111, placed in particular on the trajectory of the scanning beam 103.
    [0020] The invention also relates to a display, including a head-up, comprising a projection system 100 according to any of the variants detailed above.
    [0021] Downstream of the diffuser screen 111 in the direction of movement of the light beam, said display comprises at least one semi-reflective plate 126 and a reflection device 125 interposed on the image path between the diffuser screen 111 and the semi-reflecting plate 126, the reflection device 125 comprising one or more plane or concave mirrors, as shown in FIG. 4. In this figure, the path of the image is symbolized by three dotted arrows 30 which are reflected on the reflection device 125 before displaying through the semi-reflective plate 126. The latter allows a magnification and / or, by transparency, a display of the image beyond said semi-reflecting plate, in particular beyond the windshield of the vehicle equipped, at a virtual screen 130, obtained with the aid of said semi-reflective blade 126. This transparent blade has a reflectivity of at least 20%, c e which allows the user to see through the blade the road taken by the vehicle, while enjoying a high contrast to see the image displayed. Alternatively, the display of the image can take place at the windshield of the vehicle equipped with said display.
    [0022] As already said, said attenuation means 12 may be located downstream of the image forming device 102, this up to said semi-reflective plate 126.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. An image projection system comprising an emission device (1) for a light beam (10), means (102) for forming an image from said light beam (10), said image being decomposed into frames (22a, 22b, 22c, 22d) projected successively by said system, characterized in that said system comprises means (12) for attenuating the optical power of the light beam (10), the attenuation means (12) comprising: a liquid crystal cell (16) adapted to be driven by an alternating signal between two voltage levels, the cell (16) providing a modification of the orientation of a polarization of the light beam (10) under control of the alternating signal, a signal generator (19) generating the alternating signal, said signal generator (19) flipping said alternating signal from one voltage level to another between the projections of two successive frames of the image, means (17) ensuring the variation of the pu optical emission of the light beam (10) according to the orientation of said polarization.
    [0002]
    An image projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the emission device (1) of the light beam (10) comprises at least one laser diode.
    [0003]
    An image projection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the emission device (1) of the light beam (10) is a liquid crystal screen type cell comprising a thin film transistor, illuminated by a backlight.
    [0004]
    An image projection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the average of the AC signal voltage is zero.
    [0005]
    5. Image projection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two voltage levels are equal absolute values and opposite signs.
    [0006]
    6. Image projection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the alternating signal is periodic.
    [0007]
    7. An image projection system according to claim 6, characterized in that the frequency of the alternating signal is equal to half the projection frequency of the frames of the image.
    [0008]
    8. Display, especially head-up display, characterized in that it comprises an image projection system according to one of the preceding claims.
    [0009]
    An image projection method, said method comprising a step of emitting a light beam (10) and an image forming step from said light beam (10), said step of forming a light beam image being decomposed into several successive image projection sub-steps of the image, characterized in that said method comprises a step of attenuating the light beam (10) by driving an alternating signal between two voltage levels, the switching of the AC signal from one voltage level to another being controlled between the successive sub-stages of image projection frames.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3084521A1|2016-10-26|
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    CN106462044A|2017-02-22|
    EP3084521B1|2020-08-05|
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-31| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-29| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1303042|2013-12-20|
    FR1303042A|FR3015704B1|2013-12-20|2013-12-20|IMAGE PROJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD AND DISPLAY USING THE SAME|FR1303042A| FR3015704B1|2013-12-20|2013-12-20|IMAGE PROJECTION SYSTEM AND METHOD AND DISPLAY USING THE SAME|
    PCT/FR2014/000289| WO2015092166A1|2013-12-20|2014-12-18|System and method for projecting an image and display using said system|
    US15/104,739| US9880385B2|2013-12-20|2014-12-18|System and method for projecting an image and display using said system|
    JP2016540969A| JP2017501449A|2013-12-20|2014-12-18|System and method for projecting images and display using the same|
    EP14828183.5A| EP3084521B1|2013-12-20|2014-12-18|System and method for projecting an image and display using said system|
    CN201480069877.4A| CN106462044B|2013-12-20|2014-12-18|System and method for projected image and the display using the system|
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