专利摘要:
Hygienic paper products using fibrous structures which exhibit novel compressibility properties alone and in combination with plate stiffness properties, and processes for their manufacture.
公开号:FR3015213A1
申请号:FR1462750
申请日:2014-12-18
公开日:2015-06-26
发明作者:Ward William Ostendorf；Guillermo Matias Vidal；Jeffrey Glen Sheehan；David Warren Loebker；Ryan Dominic Maladen；John Allen Manifold
申请人:Procter and Gamble Co；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0001] FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to sanitary tissue products comprising fibrous structures which have a combination of a new type of comfort as demonstrated by the compressibility of the sanitary tissue products and flexibility as demonstrated by the stiffness. plate-like products and processes for their manufacture. Comfort and flexibility, both of which are associated with fabrics, are attributes that consumers desire in their sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products. A technical measure of comfort is the compressibility of the sanitary tissue product, which is measured by the method of testing the compressibility of the pile and elastic swelling. A technical measure of flexibility is the plate stiffness of the sanitary tissue product which is measured by the plate rigidity test method. Current toilet tissue products are below consumer expectations for comfort and flexibility. Thus, a problem faced by sanitary tissue product manufacturers is how to improve (ie, increase) compressibility properties and improve (i.e., decrease) plate stiffness properties. of sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, to make such sanitary tissue products more comfortable and flexible to better meet consumer expectations for sanitary tissue products that look more like to a fabric, more luxurious and more fluffy. Thus, there is a need for sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, which exhibit improved compressibility properties and improved plate stiffness properties to provide consumers with sanitary tissue products that satisfy their wishes and expectations for more comfortable and / or luxurious toilet tissue products, and methods for producing such sanitary tissue products. The present invention satisfies the previously described need by providing sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, which are more comfortable and flexible than known toilet tissue products, for example, sanitary tissue products. Absorbent toilet paper, as demonstrated by the improved compressibility as measured by the method of compressibility test of the pile and elastic swell and the improved plate stiffness as measured by the plate stiffness test method, and methods of production of such products of the toilet paper type. A solution to the problem discussed above is achieved by making the sanitary tissue products, or at least one layer of fibrous structure employed in sanitary tissue products, on patterned molding members that communicate three-dimensional (3D) patterns to sanitary tissue products and / or the fibrous structure layers fabricated thereon, wherein the patterned molding members are designed such that the resulting sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, made using patterned molding members are more comfortable and more flexible than known toilet tissue products, as evidenced by sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products having higher compressibilities (e.g. that is, greater than 36 mils / (log (g / in2)) and / or greater than 46 mils / (log (g / in2) )) to the compressibilities of known toilet tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic inflator and inferior plate stiffnesses (c) that is, less than 8.3 N * mm and / or less than 5.2 N * mm) to the plate stiffnesses of known sanitary tissue products, e.g., absorbent toilet paper products, as measured according to the plate rigidity test method. Non-limiting examples of such patterned molding members include patterned felts, patterned forming webs, patterned rolls, patterned fabrics, and patterned belts used in conventional wet press paper processes. , processes for manufacturing air jet paper and / or methods for manufacturing wet-laid paper, which produce three-dimensional patterned toilet tissue products and / or patterned fiber structure layers three-dimensional used in hygienic paper products. Other non-limiting examples of such patterned molding members include air-circulating drying fabrics and air-flow drying belts used in air-flow drying paper making processes which produce air-circulation-dried toilet tissue products, for example, three-dimensional air-circulation-dried toilet tissue products, and / or air-circulation dried fiber structure layers, for example, three-dimensional pattern air-dried fiber structure layers employed in sanitary tissue products. Thus, an object of the present invention is a sanitary tissue product comprising at least one fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, made such that the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 46. mils / (log (g / po 2) as measured by the battery compressibility test method and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. The paper pulp fibers of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise wood pulp fibers, and the paper pulp fibers of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise fibers. In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise an embossed fibrous structure layer. The hygienic paper of the present invention may comprise a three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. In addition, the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise a fibrous structure layer dried by air circulation. In addition, the air-circulating fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may be a creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer. In addition, the air-circulated fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may be a layer of fibrous structure dried by uncreped air circulation. In addition, the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise a tissue-crimped fibrous structure layer.
[0002] In addition, the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer of the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise a belt-crimped fibrous structure layer. In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise a conventional fibrous structure layer in a wet press. In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may comprise a fibrous structure layer not impregnated with lotion. In one example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary tissue product comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the sanitary paper product has a compressibility greater than 46 mils / (log (g / in)). as measured by the method of compressibility testing of the pile and elastic swell and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary paper product comprising at least one three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, wherein the sanitary tissue product has superior compressibility. at 46 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of compressibility testing of the pile and elastic blowing agent and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the test method plate stiffness. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a sanitary tissue product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, comprising at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of fibrous tissue fibers. paper stock, where the toilet paper product has a compressibility of greater than 36 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the method of compressibility of the pile and elastic swelling test and plate stiffness less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a multilayer, for example, two-layer sanitary tissue product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, where the Multilayer sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 36 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the method of compressibility testing of the pile and elastic swell and a plate rigidity of less than 5.2 N as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In yet another example of the present invention there is provided a multilayer, for example, two-layer sanitary tissue product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, comprising at least one three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer, for example, a three dimensional pattern air-dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the multilayer sanitary paper product has a compressibility greater than 36 mils / (log (g / po) )) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic swell and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In still another example of the present invention there is provided a multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, wherein the toilet paper has a compressibility greater than 36 mils / (log (g / in2)) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the pile and elastic inflator and a plate stiffness lower than 8.3 N * mm such that measured by the plate rigidity test method. In yet another example of the present invention there is provided a multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility as measured by the compressibility test method. of the stack and elastic swell and a plate stiffness as measured by the plate stiffness test method such that the sanitary tissue product is above a line having the following equation: y = 1 , 5152x + 43,061 shown on a plate stiffness compressibility plot as shown in Figure 1A. In yet another example of the present invention, there is provided a multilayer absorbent toilet paper product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product having a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the bottom cross direction. at 1000 g / in (393.7 g / cm), comprising at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, wherein the toilet tissue product has superior compressibility at 36 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic swelling. Another object of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers such that a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer is formed; b. fabricating a sanitary tissue product comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer. Thus, the present invention provides sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, which are more comfortable and more flexible than known sanitary tissue products, for example, absorbent toilet paper products, and processes for their manufacture.
[0003] Figure 1A is a plot of compressibility (mils / (log (g / po 2)) on plate stiffness (N * mm) for sanitary tissue products of the present invention and sanitary tissue products available in the present invention. both monolayer and multilayer sanitary paper products, illustrating the high rate of compressibility and low plate stiffness presented by sanitary tissue products, e.g. absorbent toilet paper products, of the present invention. ; Figure 1B is a compressibility plot (mils / (log (g / po 2)) on slip stick coefficient (coefficient of friction * 10,000) for hygienic tissue products of the present invention. and commercially available sanitary paper products, both monolayer and multilayer sanitary tissue products, illustrating the high rate of compressibility and low plate stiffness presented by sanitary tissue products, for example absorbent toilet paper products of the present invention; Figure 2A is a schematic representation of an example of a molding member according to the present invention; Figure 2B is another schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 2A; Figure 3 is a MikroCAD image of a toilet tissue product made using the molding member of Figure 2A; Figure 4A is a schematic representation of another example of a molding member according to the present invention; Figure 4B is another schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 4A; Figure 4C is a cross-sectional view of Figure 4B taken along line 4C-4C; Figure 5A is a schematic representation of a sanitary paper product made using the molding member of Figure 4A; Figure 5B is a cross-sectional view of Figure 5A taken along line 5B-5B; Figure 5C is a MikroCAD image of a sanitary tissue product made using the molding member of Figure 4A; Figure 5D is an enlarged portion of the MikroCAD image of Figure 5C; Figure 6A is a schematic representation of another example of a molding member according to the present invention; Figure 6B is another schematic representation of a portion of the molding member of Figure 6A; Fig. 6C is a cross-sectional view of Fig. 6B taken along the line 6C-6C; Figure 7A is a MikroCAD image of a sanitary tissue product manufactured using the molding member of Figure 6A; Figure 7B is an enlarged portion of the MikroCAD image of Figure 7A; Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of an example of an air circulation drying paper making method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 9 is a schematic representation of an example of an uncreped air flow drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 10 is a schematic representation of an example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 11 is a schematic representation of another example of a tissue creped air drying paper manufacturing method for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of an example of a belt creped air circulation drying paper making process for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention; Fig. 13 is a schematic top view of a slip stick coefficient test method (friction slip); Figure 14 is an image of a friction sled for use in the slip stick coefficient (friction slip) test method; and Figure 15 is a schematic side view of a slip stick coefficient (slip-slip) test method configuration. "Toilet Paper Product" as used herein means a flexible, low density article (i.e., about 0.15 g / cm3) comprising one or more layers of fibrous structure. according to the present invention, wherein the sanitary tissue product is useful as a wiping instrument for cleaning after urination and after defecation (toilet paper), for otorhinolaryngological discharge (tissue), and versatile uses of absorption and cleaning (paper towels). The sanitary tissue product may be wound on itself around a mandrel or without a mandrel to form a roll of sanitary tissue product. The sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight greater than 15 g / m 2 to about 120 g / m 2 and / or about 15 g / m 2 to about 110 g / m 2 and / or or from about 20 g / m 2 to about 100 g / m 2 and / or from about 30 to 90 g / m 2. In addition, the sanitary tissue products and / or fibrous structures of the present invention may have a basis weight of from about 40 g / m 2 to about 120 g / m 2 and / or from about 50 g / m 2 to about 110 g / m 2. g / m 2 and / or from about 55 g / m 2 to about 105 g / m 2 and / or from about 60 to 100 g / m 2.
[0004] The sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 59 g / cm (150 g / in) and / or about 78 g / cm at about 394 g / cm and / or about 98 g / cm to about 335 g / cm. In addition, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention can have a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 196 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm. at about 394 g / cm and / or from about 216 g / cm to about 335 g / cm and / or from about 236 g / cm to about 315 g / cm. In one example, the sanitary tissue product has a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction less than about 394 g / cm and / or less than about 335 g / cm. In another example, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention can have a machine direction dry tensile strength and the cross direction greater than about 196 g / cm and / or greater than about 236 g / cm 2. cm and / or greater than about 276 g / cm and / or greater than about 315 g / cm and / or greater than about 354 g / cm and / or greater than about 394 g / cm and / or about 315 g / cm at about 1968 g / cm and / or about 354 g / cm to about 1181 g / cm and / or about 354 g / cm to about 984 g / cm and / or about 394 g / cm at about 787 g / cm. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have an initial amount of wet tensile strength in the machine direction and cross direction less than about 78 g / cm and / or less than about 59 g / cm and / or less than about 39 g / cm and / or less than about 29 g / cm. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have an initial amount of wet tensile strength in the machine direction and the cross direction greater than about 118 g / cm and / or greater than about 157 g / cm and / or greater at about 25 196 g / cm and / or greater than about 236 g / cm and / or greater than about 276 g / cm and / or greater than about 315 g / cm and / or greater than about 354 g / cm and / or greater than about 394 g / cm and / or about 118 g / cm to about 1968 g / cm and / or about 157 g / cm to about 1181 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 984 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 787 g / cm and / or about 196 g / cm to about 591 g / cm. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may have a density (based on the 95 g / cm 2 (14.725 g / cm 2) measurement thickness) of less than about 0.60 g / cm 3 and / or less at about 0.30 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.20 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.10 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.07 g / cm3 and / or less than about 0.05 g / cm3 and / or from about 0.01 g / cm3 to about 0.20 g / cm3 and / or from about 0.02 g / cm3 to about 0.10 g / cm3. The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be in the form of sanitary tissue product rolls. Such rolls of sanitary tissue product may comprise a plurality of interconnected, but perforated sheets of fibrous structure, which are separately distributable from adjacent sheets. In another example, the sanitary tissue products may be in the form of discrete sheets that are stacked within and dispensed from a container, such as a can. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may include additives such as surface softening agents, for example, silicones, quaternary ammonium compounds, aminosilicones, lotions, and the like. mixtures, temporary moisture-resistant agents, permanent moisture-resistant agents, bulk softening agents, wetting agents, latices, especially surface-applied latices, agents and the like. dry strength materials such as carboxymethylcellulose and starch, and other types of additives suitable for inclusion in and / or hygienic paper products. "Fibrous structure" as used herein means a structure that includes one or more fibers. In one example, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of wood pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of non-wood pulp fibers, for example vegetable fibers, cut synthetic fibers and mixtures thereof. In yet another example, in addition to the pulp fibers, the fibrous structure may comprise a plurality of filaments, such as polymeric filaments, for example, thermoplastic filaments such as polyolefin filaments (i.e. polypropylene filaments) and / or hydroxyl polymer filaments, for example polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polysaccharide filaments such as starch filaments. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the present invention refers to an ordered arrangement of fibers alone and with filaments within a structure to perform a function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures of the present invention include paper. Non-limiting examples of a method of manufacturing fibrous structures include known methods of making wet paper, for example, conventional wet-press papermaking processes and methods of making air-drying paper and methods of making paper applied by air jet. Such methods typically include the steps of preparing a fiber composition in the form of a suspension in a medium, or wet, more specifically an aqueous medium, or dry, more specifically gaseous, i.e. with air as a medium. The aqueous medium used for wet processes is often referred to as a fiber slurry. The fibrous slurry is then used to deposit a plurality of fibers on a web, fabric or forming belt such that an embryonic fibrous structure is formed, after which drying and / or bonding of the fibers together provide a structure fibrous. Subsequent processing of the fibrous structure may be effected such that a finished fibrous structure is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous structure is the fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, often referred to as the parent reel, and may subsequently be converted into a finished product. for example, a monolayer or multilayer toilet tissue product. The fibrous structures of the present invention may be homogeneous or may be in layers. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at least two and / or at least three and / or at least four and / or at least five layers of fiber and / or filament compositions.
[0005] In one example, the fibrous structure of the present invention consists substantially of fibers, for example pulp fibers, such as cellulosic pulp fibers and more particularly wood pulp fibers. In another example, the fibrous structure of the present invention comprises fibers and is devoid of filaments.
[0006] In yet another example, the fibrous structures of the present invention comprise filaments and fibers, such as a coformed fibrous structure. "Coformed fibrous structure" as used herein means that the fibrous structure comprises a mixture of at least two different materials in which at least one of the materials comprises a filament, such as a polypropylene filament, and at least one other material, different from the first material, comprises a solid additive, such as fiber and / or particulate material. In one example, a coformed fibrous structure comprises solid additives, such as fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and filaments, such as polypropylene filaments. "Fiber" and / or "filament" as used herein refers to an elongated particulate material having an apparent length substantially exceeding its apparent width, i.e., a length to diameter ratio of at least about 10. In one example, a "fiber" is an elongate particulate material as previously described which has a length of less than 5.08 cm (2 inches) and a "filament" is an elongated particulate material as described above which has a length greater than or equal to 5.08 cm (2 inches). Fibers are typically considered discontinuous by nature. Non-limiting examples of fibers include pulp fibers, such as wood pulp fibers, and cut synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers. Filaments are typically considered continuous or essentially continuous in nature. The filaments are relatively longer than the fibers. Non-limiting examples of filaments include meltblown and / or spunbonded filaments. Non-limiting examples of filamentable materials include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and the like. synthetic polymers including but not limited to polyvinyl alcohol filaments and / or polyvinyl alcohol derivative filaments, and thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such as filaments polypropylene, polyethylene filaments, and biodegradable or compostable thermoplastic fibers such as polylactic acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments and polycaprolactone filaments. The filaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent filaments. In one example of the present invention, "fiber" refers to fibers for papermaking. Paper making fibers useful in the present invention include cellulosic fibers commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable wood pulps include chemical pulps, such as Kraft, sulphite, and sulphate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for example, groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, and chemically modified thermomechanical pulp. Chemical pastes, however, may be preferred since they impart a superior tactile feel to the absorbent paper sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "hardwoods") and coniferous trees (hereinafter also referred to as "coniferous woods") may be used. The hardwood and coniferous wood fibers may be mixed, or alternatively may be layered to provide a laminated fibrous structure. U.S. Patent No. 4,300,981 and U.S. Patent No. 3,994,771 describe the layered superimposition of hardwood and coniferous wood fibers. Also applicable to the present invention are fibers derived from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the foregoing, as well as other non-fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate papermaking. original. In one example, the wood pulp fibers are selected from the group consisting of hardwood pulp fibers, coniferous wood pulp fibers, and blends thereof. The hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: tropical hardwood pulp fibers, northern hardwood pulp fibers, and mixtures thereof. The tropical hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: eucalyptus fibers, acacia fibers and mixtures thereof. Northern hardwood pulp fibers may be selected from the group consisting of: cedar fibers, maple fibers, and mixtures thereof. In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as cotton linters, rayon, lyocell, trichomes, duvets, and bagasse may be used in the present invention. Other sources of cellulose in the form of fiber or which can be spun into fiber include herbs and cereal sources. A "trichome" or "trichome fiber" as used herein refers to an epidermal attachment of a variable form, structure, and / or function of a non-seed portion of a plant. In one example, a trichome is an excrescence of the epidermis of a non-seed part of a plant. The outgrowth can extend from an epidermal cell. In one embodiment, the outgrowth is a trichome fiber. The outgrowth may be a growth of hair type or silk type from the epidermis of a plant. Trichome fibers are different from down fibers in that they are not attached to seed parts of a plant. For example, trichome fibers, unlike down fibers, are not attached to the epidermis of a seed or pod. Cotton, kapok, milkweed and coconut fiber are non-limiting examples of down fibers.
[0007] In addition, the trichome fibers are different from the free-wood and / or wood-free core fibers in that they are not attached to the liber parts, also known as phloem, or core, also known as name of lignin parts of a stem of a woodless dicotyledonous plant. Non-limiting examples of plants that have been used to provide woodfree release fibers and / or woodfree core fibers include amber, jute, flax, ramie and hemp. In addition, trichome fibers are different from fibers derived from monocotyledonous plants such as those derived from cereal straws (wheat, rye, barley, oats, etc.), stalks (maize, cotton, sorghum, Hesperaloe funifera, etc.). ), rushes (bamboo, bagasse, etc.), herbs (alfa, lemon, sabai, switchgrass, etc.), since such fibers derived from monocotyledonous plants are not attached to an epidermis of plant. In addition, the trichome fibers are different from the leaf fibers in that they do not come from within the structure of the sheet. Sisal and abaca are sometimes released as leaf fibers.
[0008] Finally, trichome fibers are different from wood pulp fibers since wood pulp fibers are not growths of a plant's epidermis; namely, a tree. The wood pulp fibers come rather from the secondary lignin portion of the tree stem. "Weight per unit area" as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample indicated in pounds / 3000 ft 2 or g / m 2 (g / m 2) and is measured according to the described surface mass test method. right here. The "machine direction" or "SM" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the flow of the fibrous structure through the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or the papermaking product manufacturing equipment. hygienic. The "cross machine direction" or "ST" as used herein refers to the direction parallel to the width of the fibrous structure manufacturing machine and / or the sanitary tissue product manufacturing equipment. and perpendicular to the machine direction. "Layer" as used herein means an individual fibrous structure, in one piece. "Layers" as used herein means two or more individual, single-piece fibrous structures arranged in a face-to-face relationship substantially contiguous to each other, forming a multilayer fibrous structure and / or a multilayer sanitary tissue product. It is also contemplated that an individual, integral fibrous structure can effectively form a multilayered fibrous structure, for example by being folded on itself. "Embossed" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product, means that a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product have been subjected to a process which converts a smooth surface-like, fibrous and / or sanitary tissue product in a decorative surface by replicating a pattern on one or more embossing rolls, which form a line of contact through which the fibrous structure and / or the paper-like product hygienic pass. Embossed paper does not include creping, micro-creping, printing or other processes that can impart texture and / or decorative pattern to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product. "Differential density" as used herein means a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product which comprises one or more regions of relatively low fiber density, which are referred to as pad regions, and one or more several regions of relatively high fiber density, which are referred to as joining regions. "Densified" as used herein refers to a portion of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product that is characterized by regions of relatively high fiber density (seam regions). "Non-densified" as used herein means a portion of a fibrous structure and / or sanitary tissue product having a lower density (one or more regions of relatively lower fiber density). ) (pad regions) than another part (e.g., a seam region) of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. "Unwound" as used herein with respect to a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product of the present invention means that the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product is an individual sheet ( for example, not attached to adjacent sheets by perforation lines, however, two or more individual sheets may be intertwined with one another (i.e., not concentrically wrapped around a mandrel or on them -Same. For example, an unwound product includes a face wipe. "Battery compressibility and elastic swelling test method" as used herein refers to the method of testing the compressibility of the pile and the elastic swelling described herein. "Slip-slip coefficient test method" as used herein refers to the slip-friction coefficient of friction test method described herein. "Plate Rigidity Testing Method" as used herein means the plate rigidity test method described herein. "Crepe" as used herein means crimped at the exit of a Yankee or other similar roll and / or fabric creped and / or belt creped. Accelerated transfer alone of a fibrous structure does not result in a "creped" fibrous structure or "creped" sanitary tissue product for purposes of the present invention. Toilet Tissue Product The sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be single layer or multilayer bathroom tissue products. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise one or more fibrous structures. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention are made from a plurality of pulp fibers, for example, wood pulp fibers and / or other pulp fibers. cellulosic, for example, trichomes. In addition to paper pulp fibers, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise synthetic fibers and / or filaments. As shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1 below, which contains a portion of the data values shown in Fig. 1, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention exhibit a combination of compressibility values as measured by the method. for compressibility of the stack and elastic swell, plate stiffness values as measured by the plate stiffness test method, slip stick coefficient values (friction slip) as measured by the method slip-stick coefficient test method (adhesion-slip) of the friction and / or elastic swelling values as measured by the method of testing the compressibility of the pile and the elastic swelling agent which are of a new type compared to the products of type toilet paper known. Sample Number Coefficient slip Stiffness Compressibility Float Mass per unit weight Mass stick (plate adhesion 10-1250 elastic ue surface area layers (pounds / 3000 feet) slip) (N * mm) (-m) 5 sheets (cm / g) fg / 1_1n 'rubbing * 10k Kroger Home 2 672 2.48 35.55 44.39 32.17 52.36 Sense Soft & Strong Bath Kroger Home 3 258 1.38 17.31 36.91 27.25 44.35 Sense Lotioned Facial Soft Angle 2 759 1.51 34.47 47.30 25.07 40.80 Scott Extra 1 725 2.27 45.64 72.40 19.20 31.25 Soft Tissue (UCTAD) Scott 1000 1 780 0.84 10.25 41.03 11.37 18.50 Cottonelle® 2,625 5.24 50.30 69.47 28.73 46.76 Ultra (UCTAD) Quilted 3,390 1.93 33.58 51.04 - Northern® Ultra Plush Quilted 2,510 3.33 25.68 52.95 30.84 50.19 Northern® Extra Soft & Strong Kirkland Extra Soft 2,382 2.76 21.97 58.90 28.42 46.25 Napkins for 1 1016 4.36 44.10 56.20 40.63 66.13 Kleenex® Hands (DRC) NEVE Neuttro 2 528 1.37 18.66 55.15 19.33 31.46 NEVE 3 428 2 65 18.72 53.20 28.82 46.90 Supreme Nepia Super 2 5 06 1.45 6.81 42.69 22.74 37.01 Smooth Tempo Neutral 3 435 3.65 19.08 42.88 29.74 48.40 Paper 2 303 1.22 12.25 44.97 17, 63 28,69 Kleenex® Absorbent (Daily Use) Paper 2,298 2.40 12.73 39.12 28.82 46.90 Kleenex® Absorbent with Lotion Kleenex® Extra Soft Absorbent Pad 3 279 2.05 15.90 44 , 36 25.87 42.10 Paper 3 257 1.51 15.36 29.79 34.53 56.20 absorbent Kleenex® Touch Bounty® Extra Soft 2 743 9.19 54.98 65.66 36.32 59, 11 Bounty® Basic 1 1080 8.39 116.02 95.76 24.71 40.22 Bounty® 2 955 8.50 54.53 91.69 30.95 50.37 Brawny® 2 1092 11.61 47.82 90.10 29.66 48.27 Charmin® 2,346 3.26 24.51 55.13 31.13 50.66 Ultra Soft Charmin® 2 437 3.97 30.21 76.03 22.98 37.40 Ultra Strong Charmin® 2,568 3.74 34.69 79.24 23.81 38.75 Premium Puffs® 2,395 1.75 19.39 57.90 18.06 29.39 Puffs® Plus 2,281 2.52 18, 60 45.40 26.87 43.73 Puffs® Ultra 2 263 2.60 16.78 45.29 24.63 40.09 Scott Extra 1 992 2.86 43.28 73.72 19.20 31.25 Soft Tissue (UCTAD) Members Mark 2,440 2.96 24.92 70.15 23.31 37.94 Charmin® 2,535 4,18 35,04 72,30 24,45 39,79 Ultra Strong Cottonelle® 2,690 5.29 47.30 68.66 27.71 45.10 Ultra (UCTAD) Cottonelle® 2,619 - 47 , 3 64.6 27.1 44.11 Ultra (UCTAD) Charmin® 2,437 3.97 30.21 76.03 22.98 37.40 Ultra Strong Great Value 2,366 2.55 28.8 63.3 24 , 5 39.87 Ultra Soft Charmin® 2 489 1.98 29.77 60.87 28.84 46.94 Sensitive Charmin® 1 507 1.42 25.67 56.31 20.03 32.60 Basic Charmin® 1 565 1.26 23.36 58.98 18.89 30.74 Basic Charmin® 1 534 1.58 24.54 58.94 18.67 30.39 Basic Invention 2 670 2.98 50.83 65.86 23 , 07 37.55 Invention 2 706 3.26 49.22 65.71 23.48 38.21 Invention 2 768 4.65 61.99 75.86 27.36 44.53 Invention 2 389 2.79 47.81 53.85 33.46 54.46 Invention 2 283 2.36 42.45 62.69 34.89 56.78 Invention 2 340 3.75 33.80 57.00 30.12 49.02 Invention 2 371 2, 79 36.66 57.77 31.03 50.50 Invention 2 351 3.00 36.73 59.64 30.54 49.70 Invention 2 302 3.26 44.39 62.61 30.66 49.90 Invention 2,318 35.95 64.50 31.69 51.58 Invention 2 408 2.22 36.44 63.92 31.68 51.56 Inventi 2 335 2.10 35.74 62.56 31.42 51.14 Invention 2 264 2.92 27.79 60.88 29.98 48.79 Invention 2 260 3.90 27.62 65.95 29, 22 47.56 Invention 2 230 3.04 24.56 64.04 31.14 50.68 Invention 2 256 3.79 27.08 65.30 - - Example of 2 253 3.24 30.65 66.06 - the invention 4 invention 2 269 4.42 29.86 62.05 - - invention 2 445 2.81 42.65 56.74 30.28 49.28 Invention 2 262 2.62 36.15 58.67 32 , 37 52.68 Invention 2 246 2.60 36.40 54.83 34.45 56.07 Invention 2 392 2.49 40.83 54.95 29.95 48.74 Invention 2 445 2.81 42.65 56.74 30.28 49.28 Invention 2 311 3.31 33.01 55.34 27.69 45.07 Invention 2 333 2.92 34.45 57.58 30.49 49.62 Invention 2 321 2, 16 35.00 64.47 29.81 48.52 Invention 2 393 2.38 43.09 57.58 31.08 50.58 Invention 2 287 2.49 36.99 55.72 31.66 51.53 Example of the invention 5 Example of the invention 2 745 190 5630 8470 2070 3369 6 Invention 2 643 2.68 52.30 70.20 26.99 43.93 Invention 2 438 2.82 33 , 42 67.75 30.30 49.31 Invention 2 511 3.77 55.20 68.05 33.80 55.01 Exemplary In one example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is incorporated herein by reference. The invention has a compressibility greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the method of compressibility testing of the battery and elastic swelling and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less at 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a three dimensional patterned sanitary tissue product comprising at least one three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2)) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the pile and elastic swelling and a plate stiffness less than 5,2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4,75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3,5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2, 5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example of the present invention, a sanitary tissue product of the present invention, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, comprises at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of fibers. of paper stock, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the pile and elastic swelling and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the test method plate stiffness. In yet another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product is a multi-layer, eg two-layer, sanitary tissue product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, which has a compressibility greater than 36 and and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in2) ) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the pile and elastic swell and a plate stiffness less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method.
[0009] In yet another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product is a multi-layer, eg two-layer, sanitary tissue product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product, comprising at least one layer of fibrous structure with three-dimensional patterns, for example, a three-dimensional patterned air-flow-dried fibrous structure layer, wherein the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the method of testing the compressibility of the battery and elastic swelling and a plate rigidity less than 5.2 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or or less than 2,5 N * mm such as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In one example, a sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising at least one air flow dried fibrous structure comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers, wherein the paper product multilayer hygienic material has a compressibility greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the compressibility test method of the present invention. stack and elastic inflator and a plate stiffness less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example, a sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product comprising at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, wherein the product of multilayer sanitary paper type has a compressibility greater than 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 46 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the compressibility test method of stack and elastic inflator and a plate stiffness less than 8.3 and / or less than 7 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 4.75 and / or less than 4 and / or less than 3.5 and and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2.5 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method. In another example of the present invention, in addition to having the compressibility as described above, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention may also have a slip stick coefficient of less than 725 and / or less than 700 and / or less than 625 and / or less than 620 and / or less than 500 and / or less than 340 and / or less than 314 and / or less than 312 and / or less than 300 and / or less than 290 and / or less than 280 and / or less than 275 and / or less than 260 (Coefficient of friction * 10,000) as measured by the slip stick coefficient (friction slip) test method. In another example of the present invention, a multilayer absorbent toilet paper product, for example, an absorbent toilet paper product having a dry tensile strength in the machine direction and a cross direction less than 1000 g / po (393.7 g / cm) comprises at least one creped air circulation dried fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, wherein the toilet tissue product has a compressibility greater than or equal to 36 and / or greater than 38 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 46 and / or greater than 47 and / or greater than 49 and / or greater than 50 mils / (log (g / in) )) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic swelling. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a plate stiffness less than 8.3 and / or less than 8 and / or less than 6 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 0,5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1,25 and / or greater than 1,5 and / or greater than 1.75 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method and an elastic swelling greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the compressibility test method of the pile and elastic inflating. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product and / or comprises a creped fibrous structure having a plate rigidity of less than 2.9 and / or less at 2.75 and / or less than 2.25 and / or less than 2 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 0.5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1.25 and / or greater at 1.5 and / or greater than 1.75 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method and an elastic swelling greater than 64 and / or greater than 70 and / or greater than 75 and / or higher at 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the method of compressibility test of the pile and elastic swelling. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product that has a plate stiffness of less than 1.6 and / or less than 1.5 and / or less. at 1.4 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 0.5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method and a swelling agent elastic greater than 56 and / or greater than 60 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 70 and / or greater than 75 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g such as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic inflator. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a plate stiffness less than 2.2 and / or less than 2.1 and / or less than 2 and / or greater than 0 and and / or greater than 0.5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1.2 and / or greater than 1.4 and / or greater than 1.6 and / or greater than 1.75 N * mm such that measured by the plate rigidity test method, an elastic swelling greater than 56 and / or greater than 60 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 70 and / or greater than 75 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the cell and elastic swelling, and a compressibility greater than 34.5 and / or greater than 37 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 45 and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured in accordance with the method of testing the compressibility of the pile and elastic swelling. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a plate stiffness less than 8.3 and / or less than 8 and / or less than 6 and / or less than 5 and / or less than 3 and / or less than 2 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 0,5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1,25 and / or greater than 1,5 and / or greater than 1.75 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method, an elastic swelling greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the compressibility test method of the stack and elastic swelling, and a compressibility greater than 30 and / or greater than 32 and / or greater than 34.5 and / or greater than 37 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater at 45 and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 mils / (log (g / in)) as measured by the compressibility of the pile and elastic swelling.
[0010] In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a plate stiffness less than 2.2 and / or less than 2.1 and / or less than 2 and / or greater than 0 and and / or greater than 0.5 and / or greater than 1 and / or greater than 1.2 and / or greater than 1.4 and / or greater than 1.6 and / or greater than 1.75 N * mm such as measured by the plate rigidity test method, a compressibility greater than 33 and / or greater than 34.5 and / or greater than 37 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 45 and and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the cell and elastic blowing agent, and a basis weight less than 25 and / or less than 24 and / or less than 23 and / or less than 22 and / or less than 21.5 and / or less than 21 and / or greater than 0 e and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 pounds / 3000 square feet (24.45 g / m 2) as measured by the surface mass test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary paper product of the present invention has a compressibility greater than 45 and / or greater than 45.6 and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 mils. (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the cell and elastic blowing agent and a basis weight less than 25 and / or less than 24.7 and / or less than 24 and / or less at 23 and / or less than 22 and / or less than 21.5 and / or less than 21 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 pounds / 3000 feet2 (24.45 g / m2) as measured by the surface mass test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention is a multilayer sanitary tissue product that has a compressibility greater than 0 and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 and / or greater. 25 to 20 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the cell and elastic blowing agent and a basis weight less than 23 and / or less than 22.9 and / or less than 22 and / or less than 21.5 and / or less than 21 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 pounds / 3000 ft2 (24.45 g / m2) as measured in accordance with surface mass test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a creped fibrous structure such that the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 32 and / or greater than 32.25 and / or greater than 33 and / or greater than 34.5 and / or greater than 37 and / or greater than 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 45 and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 mils / ( log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of testing compressibility of the cell and elastic blowing agent and a basis weight less than 23 and / or less than 22.9 and / or less than 22 and / or less than 21.5 and / or less than 21 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 pounds / 3000 ft2 (24.45 g / m2) as measured by the surface mass test method . In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention comprises a creped fibrous structure such that the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 36 and / or greater than 37 and / or higher. at 40 and / or greater than 42 and / or greater than 45 and / or greater than 50 and / or greater than 55 and / or less than 115 and / or less than 100 and / or less than 90 mils / (log (g / po2)) as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic inflator and a basis weight less than 29.6 and / or less than 29 and / or less than 28 and / or less than 27 and / or or less than 25 and / or less than 24 and / or less than 23 and / or less than 22,9 and / or less than 22 and / or less than 21,5 and / or less than 21 and / or greater than 0 and / or greater than 10 and / or greater than 15 pounds / 3000 ft2 (24.45 g / m2) as measured according to the surface mass test method. In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a slip stick coefficient of less than 950 and / or less than 900 and / or less than 850 and / or less at 800 and / or less than 775 and / or less than 725 and / or less than 700 and / or less than 625 and / or less than 620 and / or less than 500 and / or less than 340 and / or less than 314 and / or less than 312 and / or less than 300 and / or less than 290 and / or less than 280 and / or less than 275 and / or less than 260 (Coefficient of friction * 10,000) as measured by the process coefficient of friction test and an elastic swelling greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and of elastic inflating.
[0011] In another example of the present invention, the sanitary tissue product of the present invention has a slip stick coefficient of less than 300 and / or less than 290 and / or less than 280 and / or less at 275 and / or less than 260 (Coefficient of friction * 10,000) as measured by the slip stick coefficient test method (grip-slip) of friction and an elastic swelling greater than 55 and / or greater than 56 and / or greater than 60 and / or greater than 64 and / or greater than 70 and / or greater than 75 and / or greater than 80 and / or greater than 82 and / or greater than 84 cm3 / g as measured by the method of compressibility test of the stack and elastic inflator.
[0012] The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be creped or uncrimped. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be applied wet or air applied. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may be embossed. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise a surface softening agent or be free of a surface softening agent. In one example, the sanitary tissue product is a non-lotion impregnated toilet tissue product, such as a sanitary tissue product comprising a non-lotion impregnated fibrous structure layer, for example a fibrous structure layer. non-lotion-impregnated air circulation dried, for example, a non-lotion impregnated creped air-dried fibrous structure layer and / or a non-lint impregnated creped air-dried fibrous structure layer . In yet another example, the sanitary tissue product may comprise a layer of lint-impregnated nonwoven fabric fibrous structure and / or a non-lotion impregnated fibrous structure layer. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention may comprise trichome fibers and / or may be free of trichome fibers. The fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention can exhibit the compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values with or without the aid of surface softening agents. In other words, the sanitary tissue products of the present invention can exhibit the previously described compressibility values alone or in combination with the plate stiffness values when surface softening agents are not present on the surface. and / or in the sanitary tissue products, in other words, the sanitary tissue product is free of surface softening agents. This does not mean that the sanitary tissue products themselves can not include surface softening agents. This simply means that when the sanitary tissue product is manufactured without adding the surface softening agents, the sanitary tissue product exhibits the compressibility and plate stiffness values of the present invention. The addition of a surface softening agent to such a sanitary tissue product within the scope of the present invention (without the need for a surface softening agent or other chemical) can improve the compressibility and / or the plate stiffness of the sanitary tissue product to a certain extent. However, sanitary tissue products that require the inclusion of surface softening agents on and / or in them to be within the scope of the present invention, in other words to obtain The compressibility and rigidity of the plate of the present invention are outside the scope of the present invention. Patterning Members The sanitary tissue products of the present invention and / or the fibrous structure layers employed in the sanitary tissue products of the present invention are formed on patterned molding members which produce the type products. toilet paper of the present invention. In one example, the patterned molding member comprises a non-random repeating pattern. In another example, the patterned molding member comprises a resin pattern. A "reinforcing element" may be a desirable (but not necessary) element in some examples of the molding member, primarily serving to provide or facilitate the integrity, stability, and durability of the molding member including, for example, a resin material. The reinforcing member may be liquid permeable or partially liquid pervious, may have a variety of embodiments and weave patterns, and may include a variety of materials, such as, for example, a plurality of interlaced yarns ( including Jacquard woven fabrics and the like), felt, plastic, other suitable synthetic material, or any combination thereof.
[0013] As illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, a non-limiting example of a patterned molding member suitable for use in the present invention includes an air-circulating drying belt 10. The air-circulating drying belt 10 comprises a plurality of individual seams 12 formed by resin line segments 14 arranged in a non-random repeating pattern, such as a woven pattern, e.g., a herringbone pattern. The individual seams 12 are dispersed within a continuous network of bearings 16, which constitutes a deflection conduit in which portions of a fibrous structure layer which is fabricated on the air-flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 2A and 2B deviate. Fig. 3 is a MikroCAD image of a resultant toilet tissue product 18 which is manufactured on the air circulation drying belt 10. The sanitary tissue product 18 comprises a continuous pad region 20 communicated by the network. Continuous pads 16 of the air-flow drying belt 10 of Figures 2A and 2B. The sanitary tissue product 18 further comprises individual joint regions 22 communicated by the individual seams 12 of the air circulation drying belt 10 of Figs. 2A and 2B. The continuous pad region 20 and the individual seam regions 22 may have different densities, for example, one or more of the individual seam regions 22 may have a density that is greater than the density of the continuous pad region. 20. As illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4C, a non-limiting example of another patterned molding member suitable for use in the present invention includes an air-circulating drying belt 10. The circulating drying belt air 10 comprises a plurality of semicontinuous seams 24 formed by semi-continuous resin line segments 26 arranged in a non-random repeating pattern, for example, a repeating pattern substantially in the cross machine direction of the semi-continuous lines -continues supported on a support fabric comprising filaments 27. In this case, the semicontinuous lines are curvilinear, p for example, sinusoidal. Semi-continuous seams 24 are spaced from adjacent semi-continuous seams 24 by semi-continuous bearings 28, which constitute deflection conduits in which portions of a fibrous structure layer are formed on the circulating drying belt. 10 of Figures 4A to 4C. As illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D, a resultant toilet tissue product 18 being manufactured on the air-flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 4A-4C comprises semi-continuous bearing regions 30 communicated by the semi-continuous bushings 30. Continuous 28 of the air-flow drying belt 10 of Figures 4A-4C. The sanitary tissue product 18 further comprises semicontinuous seam regions 32 communicated through the semi-continuous seams 24 of the air flow drying belt 10 of Figures 4A-4C. The semicontinuous pad regions 30 and the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have different densities, for example, one or more of the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have a density that is greater than the density. of one or more semi-continuous bearing regions 30. Without being bound by theory, shrinkage (wet and dry creping, tissue creping, accelerated transfer, etc.) is an integral part of fibrous structure fabrication. and / or sanitary tissue type, helping to produce the desired compromise of strength, elongation, softness, absorbency, etc. Support members, transport and molding of fibrous structure used in the papermaking process, such as rolls, webs, felts, fabrics, belts, etc. have been variously shaped to interact with the narrowing so as to further control the properties of the fibrous structure and / or the sanitary tissue product. In the past, it has been thought that it is advantageous to avoid strongly dominant cross-seam designs that result in machine-direction oscillations of shrinkage forces. However, it has been unexpectedly found that the molding member of Figs. 4A-4C provides a patterned molding member having dominant semi-continuous cross-sided joints which provide better control of the molding and elongation of the molding member. fibrous structure while overcoming the negative aspects of the past.
[0014] As illustrated in FIGS. 6A-6C, a non-limiting example of another patterned molding member suitable for use in the present invention includes an air-circulating drying belt 10. The circulating drying belt of FIG. air 10 comprises a plurality of semicontinuous seams 24 formed by semi-continuous resin line segments 26 arranged in a non-random repeating pattern, for example, a substantially machine-consistent repeating pattern of supported semi-continuous lines on a support fabric comprising filaments 27. In this case, in contrast to Figures 4A to 4C, the semi-continuous lines are substantially linear, they are not curvilinear. Semi-continuous seams 24 are spaced from adjacent semi-continuous seams 24 by semi-continuous bearings 28, which constitute deflection conduits in which portions of a fibrous structure layer are formed on the circulating drying belt. 10 of Figures 6A to 6C. In addition to semi-continuous resin line segments 26, the air flow drying belt 10 further comprises a plurality of individual seams 12 formed by distinct line segments 14 which overlap one or more of the semi-continuous joins. 24. The scheduling of the individual seams 12 creates individual pads 34. In one case, this air-flow drying belt 10 is referred to as the double-cavity air-flow drying belt, which means that the semi-seals The continuous seams 24 are formed first, then the individual seams 12 are formed such that they overlap one or more of the semi-continuous seams 24 and a belt and a multi-elevation pattern on the resulting toilet tissue product are formed. . As illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a resultant toilet tissue product 18 being manufactured on the air-flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 6A-6C includes semi-continuous bearing regions 30 at a first elevation. lowest elevation), communicated by the semi-continuous bushings 28 of the air-flow drying belt 10 of Figs. 6A-6C. The sanitary tissue product 18 further includes semicontinuous seam regions 32 imparted by the semicontinuous seams 24 of the air flow drying belt 10 of FIGS. 6A-6C. In addition, the sanitary tissue product 18 further comprises separate pad regions 34. The semi-continuous pad regions 30 and the semicontinuous seam regions 32 may have different densities, for example, one or more of the regions. Semi-continuous seam members 32 may have a density that is greater than the density of one or more of the semi-continuous bearing regions 30. Examples of manufacture of sanitary tissue products The sanitary tissue products of the present invention. The invention may be manufactured by any suitable papermaking process provided that a molding member of the present invention is used to manufacture the sanitary tissue product or at least one fibrous structure layer of the paper product. hygienic and that the sanitary tissue product has the compressibility and stiffness values the plate of the present invention. The method may be a sanitary tissue product manufacturing method that uses a cylindrical dryer such as a Yankee (a Yankee process) or it may be a non-Yankee process such as is used to manufacture fibrous structures and / or hygienic tissue products of substantially uniform and / or uncrimped density. Alternatively, the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products may be manufactured by an air jet process and / or melt blown and / or spunbond processes and any combination thereof. provided that the fibrous structures and / or sanitary tissue products of the present invention are made therefrom.
[0015] As illustrated in Figure 8, an example of a method and equipment, represented by 36 for making a sanitary tissue product according to the present invention includes providing an aqueous dispersion of fibers (a fibrous manufacturing composition). or slurry of fibers) to an arrival box 38 which may be of any advantageous design. From the headbox 38, the aqueous fiber dispersion is delivered to a first porous member 40 which is typically a Fourdrinier web, to produce an embryonic fibrous structure 42. The first porous member 40 may be supported by a roll of head 44 and a plurality of return rollers 46 of which only two are shown. The first porous member 40 may be propelled in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 48 by drive means, not shown. Optional auxiliary units and / or devices commonly associated with fibrous structure-making machines and the first porous element 40, but not shown, include marbles, drips, suction boxes, tension rollers, support rollers, canvas cleaning showers, and the like.
[0016] After the aqueous fiber dispersion is deposited on the first porous member 40, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is formed, typically by removing a portion of the aqueous dispersion medium by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Suction boxes, marbles, squeegees, and the like are useful for effecting the removal of water. The embryonic fibrous structure 42 can move with the first porous member 40 around the return roller 46 and is brought into contact with a patterned molding member 50, such as a three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt. While in contact with the patterned molding member 50, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 will be deflected, rearranged and / or further dehydrated.
[0017] The patterned molding member 50 may be in the form of an endless belt. In this simplified representation, the patterned molding member 50 passes near and around patterned molding member return rollers 52 and print pinch roller 54 and is movable in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. Associated with the patterned molding member 50, but not illustrated, there may be various support rollers, other return rollers, cleaning means, drive means, and the like known to those skilled in the art, which may be be commonly used in fibrous structure manufacturing machines.
[0018] After the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been associated with the patterned molding member 50, the fibers within the embryonic fibrous structure 42 are deflected into the pads and / or a network of pads ("deflection lines") present in the In one example of this process step, there is substantially no removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 through the deflection conduits after the embryonic fibrous structure 42 has been removed. associated with the patterned molding member 50, but before the deflection of the fibers in the deflection conduits. Additional water removal from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may occur during and / or after the moment the fibers are being deflected into the deflection conduits. The removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may continue until the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 associated with the patterned molding member 50 is increased from about 25% to about 35%. Once this consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 is obtained, then the embryonic fibrous structure 42 may be referred to as the intermediate fibrous structure 58. During the process of forming the embryonic fibrous structure 42, sufficient water may be removed, as an uncompressed method, the embryonic fibrous structure 42 before it associates with the patterned molding member 50 so that the consistency of the embryonic fibrous structure 42 can range from about 10% to about 30%. While the applicants refuse to be bound to any particular theory of operation, it appears that the deflection of the fibers into the embryonic fibrous structure and the removal of water from the embryonic fibrous structure begin substantially at the same time. Embodiments may, however, be contemplated wherein the deflection and water removal are sequential operations. Under the influence of the applied fluid differential pressure, for example, the fibers may be deflected in the deflection conduit with joint reordering of the fibers. Water removal can occur with continued reordering of the fibers. The deflection of the fibers, and the embryonic fibrous structure, can cause an apparent increase in the area of the embryonic fibrous structure. In addition, the reordering of the fibers may appear to cause reordering in the spaces or capillaries existing between and / or among the fibers. It is believed that fiber reordering may take one of two modes depending on a number of factors such as, for example, fiber length. The free ends of the long fibers can only be bent in the space defined by the deflection conduit while the opposite ends are constrained in the region of the ridges. The shorter fibers, on the other hand, can actually be transported from the peak region into the deflection conduit (the fibers in the deflection conduits will also be rearranged relative to each other). Of course, it is possible for either of the reordering modes to occur simultaneously. As noted, water removal occurs both during and after deflection; this removal of water can cause a decrease in mobility of the fibers in the embryonic fibrous structure. This decrease in fiber mobility may tend to fix and / or freeze fibers in place after they have been deflected and rearranged. Of course, drying the fibrous structure at a later stage in the process of the present invention serves to secure and / or more firmly freeze the fibers in position. Any advantageous means known in a conventional manner in the papermaking art can be used to dry the intermediate fibrous structure 58. Examples of such an appropriate drying method include subjecting the intermediate fibrous structure 58 to conventional and / or circulating dryers and / or scrubbers. In one example of a drying process, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 in association with the patterned molding member 50 passes around the patterned molding member return roller 52 and moves in the direction indicated by the directional arrow 56. The intermediate fibrous structure 58 can first pass through an optional pre-dryer 60. This pre-dryer 60 may be a conventional circulation dryer (hot air dryer) well known to those skilled in the art. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a so-called capillary dewatering apparatus. In such an apparatus, the intermediate fibrous structure 58 passes over a sector of a cylinder having pores of preferential capillary size through its porous cylindrical cover. Optionally, the pre-dryer 60 may be a combination of a capillary dewatering apparatus and a circulation dryer. The amount of water removed in the pre-dryer 60 can be controlled so that a pre-dried fibrous structure 62 leaving the pre-dryer 60 has a consistency of from about 30% to about 98%. The pre-dried fibrous structure 62, which may still be associated with the patterned molding member 50, may pass around another patterned molding member return roll 52 as it moves toward a printing pinch roller. 54. As the pre-dried fibrous structure 62 passes through the nip between impression clamping roll 54 and a surface of a Yankee 64, the pattern formed by the upper surface 66 of the patterned molding member 50 The marked fibrous structure 68 can then adhere to the surface of the Yankee 64 where it can be dried to a consistency of at least about 95. %. The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 68 may then be creped by shrinking the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 with a crepe blade 70 to remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 68 from the surface of the Yankee 64 by driving the production of a creped fibrous structure with three-dimensional patterns 72 according to the present invention. As used herein, narrowing refers to the reduction in length of a dry fibrous structure (having a consistency of at least about 90% and / or at least about 95%) that occurs when energy is applied to the dry fibrous structure in such a manner that the length of the fibrous structure is reduced and the fibers in the fibrous structure are rearranged with joint dislocation of the fiber-fiber bonds. Shrinkage can be accomplished in any of several well-known ways. A common method of shrinking is creping. The creped fibrous structure with three-dimensional patterns 72 may be subjected to post-processing steps such as calendering, tufting operations, and / or embossing and / or conversion. Another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 illustrates an uncrepeated air circulation drying process. In this example, a multi-layered crate 74 deposits an aqueous suspension of paper-making fibers between forming webs 76 and 78 so as to form an embryonic fibrous structure 80. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is transferred to a tissue The vacuum level used for fibrous structure transfers can range from about 10 to about 50.8 kilopascals (about 3 to about 15 inches). of mercury (76 to about 381 millimeters of mercury)). The suction box 84 (negative pressure) can be supplemented or replaced by the use of positive pressure from the opposite side of the embryonic fibrous structure 80 to blow the embryonic fibrous structure 80 onto the following tissue in addition to or in replacement of its suction on the next fabric with vacuum. In addition, one or more suction rolls may be used to replace the aspirate box (s) 84. The embryonic fibrous structure 80 is then transferred to a molding member 50 of the present invention, such as a tissue. air-circulation dryer, and sent to air-flow dryers 86 and 88 to dry the embryonic fibrous structure 80 to form a three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90. While supported by the In molding 50, the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is finally dried to a consistency of about 94% percent or more. After drying, the three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 is transferred from the molding member 50 to the tissue 92 and then briefly interposed between the fabrics 92 and 94. The dried three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 remains with the fabric 94 until it is wound at the reel 96 ("stock-reel") as a finished fiber structure. Subsequently, the finished three-dimensional patterned fiber structure 90 can be unwound, calendered, and converted to the sanitary tissue product of the present invention. , such as a roll of absorbent toilet paper, in any suitable manner. Yet another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 10. FIG. 10 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 having a conventional shaped forming section. twin web 100, a felt passage section 102, a shoe press section 104, a molding member section 106, in this case a section of crepe fabric, and a Yankee section 108 suitable for practicing the present invention. The forming section 100 includes a pair of forming fabrics 110 and 112 supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and a forming roll 116. An end box 118 provides a paper making composition at a nip 120 between the forming roll 116 and the roll 114 and the fabrics 110 and 112. The manufacturing composition forms an embryonic fibrous structure 122 which is dehydrated on the fabrics 110 and 112 with the assistance of vacuum, for example, by means of the suction box 124. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is advanced to a paper making felt 126 which is supported by a plurality of rollers 114 and the felt 126 is in contact with a shoe press roll 128. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is weak. consistency when transferred to felt 126. Transfer may be assisted by vacuum; as by a suction roll if desired or a grip or suction sole, as is known in the art. As the embryonic fibrous structure 122 reaches the shoe press roll 128, it can have a consistency of 10 to 25% when it enters the shoe press contact line 130 between the shoe press roll 128 and the transfer roller 132. The transfer roller 132 may be a heated roller, if desired. Instead of a shoe press roll 128, it could be a conventional suction pressure roll. If a shoe press roll 128 is employed, it is desirable that the roll 114 immediately before the shoe press roll 128 is an effective suction roll to remove water from the felt 126 before the felt 126 enters the line. the shoe press contact 130 as the water from the manufacturing composition will be pressed into the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130. In any case, the use of a roll Aspiration at the roller 114 is typically desirable to ensure that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 remains in contact with the felt 126 during the change of direction, as will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the diagram. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is wet pressed onto the felt 126 in the shoe press contact line 130 with the assistance of the pressing shoe 134. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 is thus dehydrated compactly at the nip shoe press 130, typically increasing the consistency of 15 points or more at this stage of the process. The configuration shown at the shoe press line 130 is generally referred to as a shoe press; in connection with the present invention, the transfer roller 132 is operative as a transfer cylinder which functions to transport the embryonic fibrous structure 122 at high speed, typically 1000 to 6000 feet / minute (305 to 1829 meters / minute) to the patterned molding member section 106 of the present invention, for example, a section of crepe fabric.
[0019] The transfer roll 132 has a smooth transfer roll surface 136 which may be provided with adhesive and / or release agents, as needed. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 adheres to the transfer roller surface 136 which rotates at a high angular velocity as the embryonic fibrous structure 122 continues to advance in the machine direction indicated by the arrows 138. On the transfer roller 132 the embryonic fibrous structure 122 has an apparent random distribution of fiber. The embryonic fibrous structure 122 enters the shoe press line 130 typically at 10 to 25% consistencies and is dehydrated and dried at consistencies ranging from about 25 to about 70% when it is transferred to the limb. In this case, the molding material 140 is a patterned crepe fabric, as illustrated in the diagram. The molding member 140 is supported on a plurality of rollers 114 and a press nip roll 142 and forms a molding member contact line 144, eg, a fabric crepe nip, with the transfer roll. 132, as illustrated. The molding member 140 defines a crepe nip on the distance in which the molding member 140 is adapted to contact the transfer roller 132; i.e., apply significant pressure to the embryonic fibrous structure 122 against the transfer roller 132. For this purpose, a nip roll (or crepe) 142 may be provided with a flexible deformable surface which will increase the length of the crepe nip and increase the tissue crepe angle between the molding member 140 and the embryonic fibrous structure 122 and the contact point or shoe press roll could be used as a roller. press nipper 142 to increase effective contact with the embryonic fibrous structure 122 in a high impact molding member 144 where the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member 140 and advanced in the machine direction 138. Using different equipment at the mold member contact line 144, it is possible to adjust the tissue creping angle or the withdrawal angle of the contact line. Thus, it is possible to influence the nature and amount of fiber delamination / detachment redistribution that can occur at the molding member contact line 144 by adjusting these line parameters. contact. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to restructure the inter-fiber characteristics in the z-direction, while in other cases it may be desired to influence the properties only in the plane of the fibrous structure. The spacing parameters of the molding member can influence the fiber distribution in the fiber structure in a variety of directions, including inducing changes in the z direction as well as in the machine direction and the cross direction. In any case, transfer of the transfer roller to the molding member is a high impact in that the fabric moves more slowly than the fibrous structure and a significant change in velocity occurs. Typically, the fibrous structure is creped anywhere from 10 to 60% or more, during the transfer of the transfer roll 10 to the molding member. The molding member contact line 144 generally extends a molding member spacing distance anywhere from about 1/8 "(0.3175 cm) to about 2" (5.08 cm). ), typically 1/2 "(1.27 cm) to 2" (5.08 cm). For a molding member 140, for example, a crepe fabric, with 32 threads in the cross direction per inch (32 threads per 2.54 cm), the embryonic fibrous structure 122 will thus meet anywhere from about 4 to 64 weft filaments in the molding member gap 144. The contact pressure in the molding member contact line 144, i.e. the loading between the roller 142 and the transfer roller 132 is suitably from 20 to 100 pounds per linear inch (PLI) (3503 to 17513 N / m). After passing through the mold member contact line 144 and, for example, a tissue crepe of the embryonic fibrous structure 122, a three dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 continues to advance along the machine direction 138 where it undergoes wet pressing on a Yankee (dryer) 148 in the transfer contact line 150. Transfer to the nip 150 occurs at a consistency of the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 146 generally ranging from about 25 to about 70% . At these consistencies, it is difficult to adhere the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure 146 to the Yankee surface 152 sufficiently firmly to vigorously remove the three dimensional patterned fiber structure 146 from the molding member 140. This aspect of the process is important, particularly when it is desired to use a high speed drying cap, as well as maintain high impact creping conditions. In this regard, it should be noted that conventional air circulation drying methods do not use high velocity copings since sufficient adhesion to the Yankee is not achieved. It has been found, according to the present invention, that the use of particular adhesives cooperates with a moderately moist fibrous structure (25 to 70% consistency) to adhere it sufficiently to the Yankee to allow high speed operation of the system and contact air drying at high jet speed. In this regard, a polyvinyl alcohol / polyamide adhesive composition as set forth above is applied at 154, as needed.
[0020] The three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure is dried on the Yankee roller 148 which is a heated cylinder and high velocity jet contact air in the Yankee hood 156. As the Yankee roller 148 rotates, the fiber structure three-dimensional patterns 146 is creped from the frothing roll 148 by the crepe squeegee 158 and is wound on a winding roll 160. The creping of the paper from a Yankee can be performed using an oscillating creping blade, such as that described in US Patent No. 5,690,788. It has been shown that the use of the oscillating creping blade provides several advantages when used in the production of absorbent paper products. In general, paper towels absorbed by an oscillating blade have a greater thickness, increased elongation in the cross direction, and a higher void volume than comparable paper towel products. using conventional crepe blades. All of these changes made by the use of the oscillating blade tend to correlate with an improved perception of softness of the tissue paper products.
[0021] When a wet creping process is employed, a contact air dryer, an air dryer, or a plurality of drum dryers may be used instead of a Yankee. Contact air dryers are described in the following patents and applications: U.S. Patent No. 5,865,955 to Ilvespaaet et al., U.S. Patent No. 5,968,590 to Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,001,421. Ahonen et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,119,362 to Sundqvist et al., US Patent Application Serial No. No. 09 / 733,172, entitled Wet Crepe, ImpingementAir Dry Process for Making Absorbent Sheet, now US Patent No. 6,432,267. A circulating drying unit as is well known in the art is described in US Patent No. 3,432. 936, Cole et al. and a drum drying system is described in U.S. Patent No. 5,851,353. A papermaking machine 98, similar to Figure 10, for use in connection with the present invention is shown in Figure 11. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes a forming wire 162 supported by a plurality of rollers such as the rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the paper making felt 126, so that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roll 132 (also referred to as sometimes support roll), as previously described. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is creped onto the molding member 140, such as a crepe fabric, in the mold member contact line 144 before being deposited on the Yankee 148 in another line of molding. press contact 150. The papermaking machine 98 may include a suction revolving roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This feature is particularly important in relation to the reconstruction of a paper machine in that the expense of relocating the associated equipment, ie pulping or fiber processing equipment and / or bulky and expensive drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of drum dryers, would make the reconstruction cost prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation. Figure 12 shows another example of a suitable papermaking process for making the sanitary tissue products of the present invention. Figure 12 illustrates a papermaking machine 98 for use in connection with the present invention. The papermaking machine 98 is a machine with three fabric loops having a forming section 100, generally referred to in the art as a crescent former. The forming section 100 includes an end box 118 depositing a manufacturing composition on the forming wire 110 supported by a plurality of rollers 114. The forming section 100 also includes a forming roll 166, which supports the manufacturing felt of the paper 126, such that the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is formed directly on the felt 126. The felt passage 102 extends to a shoe press section 104 in which the wet embryonic fibrous structure 122 is deposited on a transfer roller 132 and undergoes wet pressing simultaneously with the transfer. Subsequently, the embryonic fibrous structure 122 is transferred to the molding member section 106, being transferred to and / or creped on the molding member 140 of the present invention in the mold member contact line 144, by for example, a belt crepe contact line, before being optionally vacuum-aspirated by the suction box 168, and then deposited on the Yankee 148 in another press nip of the press 150 using a creping adhesive, such as indicated above. Transferring to a Yankee machine from the crepe belt differs from conventional transfers in a conventional wet press (CWP) ranging from a felt to a Yankee machine. In a CWP process, the pressures in the transfer contact line may be plus or minus 500 PLI (87.6 kN / meter), and the pressurized contact area between the Yankee surface and the fibrous structure is close to , or equal to, 100%. The pressure roller may be a suction roll which may have a P & J hardness of 25-30. On the other hand, a belt creping method of the present invention typically involves transferring to a Yankee with 4 to 40% pressurized contact area between the fibrous structure and the Yankee surface at a pressure of 250 to 350 PLI. (43.8 to 61.3 kN / meter). No suction is applied in the transfer contact line, and a softer pressure roll is used, hardness P & J 35-45. The papermaking machine may include a suction roll, in some embodiments; however, the three-loop system can be configured in various ways in which a rotating roll is not required. This feature is particularly important in connection with the reconstruction of a paper machine in that the expense of relocating the associated equipment, ie the arrival crate, the pulping equipment or expensive and expensive fiber processing and / or drying equipment, such as the Yankee or the plurality of drum dryers, would make the cost of rebuilding prohibitive, unless the improvements could be designed to be compatible with the existing installation.
[0022] Examples of processes for producing sanitary tissue products Example 1 - air circulation drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention. invention on a Fourdrinier fibrous structure manufacturing machine (papermaking) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood feed box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3%. fiber weight at about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-layered checkbox of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. . In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry of the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed conduit to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then directed and distributed into the central chamber of a three-chamber, multi-layered feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming cloth (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier fabric so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 38% of the upper side is eucalyptus fibers, about 38%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 24% consists of NSK fibers in the center. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 750 feet per minute (228.6 meters per minute). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 15% at the transfer point to a three-dimensional patterned air circulation drying belt as shown in FIG. 6A. at 6C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B including a pattern of high density joint regions dispersed throughout a region of continuous pad at several elevations. The multi-elevation continuous bearing region comprises an intermediate density pad region (density between the high density joints and the other low density pad region) and a low density pad region formed by the deflection conduits created by the semicontinuous joining layer essentially oriented in the direction of the machine. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by molding a first layer of impermeable resin surface of semi-continuous seams onto a fiber mesh support fabric similar to that shown in FIGS. 4B. and 4C, then molding a second impervious resin surface layer of individual seams. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the first layer resin footprint is about 6 mils (0.154 mm) above the support fabric and the thickness of the second layer resin footprint is about 13 mils (0 , 3302 mm) above the support fabric.
[0023] Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%.
[0024] While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 53% by weight. After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50), about 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is marketed by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE. The creping adhesive is delivered to the surface of the Yankee at a level of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 275 ° F (135 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is wound into a roll (mother roll) using a surface-driven wire feeder drum having a peripheral speed of about 757 feet per minute (230.73 m / min). Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the roll. of fibrous structure in a unwinding support. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure, then combined with the fibrous structure from the other mother-roll to make a multi-layer (2-layer) sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slit extruder through which a surface chemical may be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product coil 30 is then transported to a coil saw where the coil is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above.
[0025] Example 2 - air circulation drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a fibrous structure manufacturing machine of Fourdrinier ( paper manufacturing) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine.
[0026] In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed pipe to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-ply, three-chambered box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier fabric so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 38% of the upper side is eucalyptus fibers, about 38%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 24% consists of NSK fibers in the center. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 750 feet per minute (228.6 meters per minute). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 15% at the transfer point to a three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt as shown in FIG. 4A. at 4C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5D, comprising a pattern of semi-continuous low-density bearing regions and joining regions. high density semi-continuous. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface over a fiber mesh backing fabric as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4C. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the cast resin is about 11 mils (0.2794 millimeters) above the support fabric.
[0027] Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%. While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 53% by weight. After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50), about 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is marketed by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE. The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 275 ° F (135 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is wound into a roll (mother roll) in using a surface-driven wire feed drum having a peripheral speed of about 757 feet per minute (230.73 m / min) Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the structural roll fibrous in a unwinding support. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure, then combined with the fibrous structure from the other mother-roll to make a multi-layer (2-layer) sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slit extruder through which a surface chemical may be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above. Example 3 - air circulation drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a fibrous structure manufacturing machine of Fourdrinier ( paper manufacturing) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. of hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed pipe to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-ply, three-chambered box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier fabric so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 38% of the upper side is eucalyptus fibers, about 38%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 24% consists of NSK fibers in the center. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 750 feet per minute (228.6 meters per minute). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 15% at the transfer point to a three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt as shown in FIG. 2A. and 2B. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in Figure 3 comprising a pattern of distinct high density joint regions dispersed throughout an entire pad region. at low continuous density. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface onto a fiber mesh support fabric similar to that shown in Figures 4B and 4C. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the cast resin is about 11 mils (0.2794 millimeters) above the support fabric. Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%. While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional patterned air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 53% by weight. After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-50), about 20% CREPETROL® 457T20. CREPETROL® 457T20 is marketed by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE. The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 275 ° F (135 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is wound into a roll (mother roll) in using a surface-driven wire feed drum having a peripheral speed of about 757 feet per minute (230.73 m / min) Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the structural roll fibrous in a unwinding support. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure, then combined with the fibrous structure from the other mother-roll to make a multi-layer (2-layer) sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slit extruder through which a surface chemical may be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above. EXAMPLE 4 Air Flow Drying Belt This example illustrates a non-limiting example for the preparation of a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a pilot scale Fourdrinier paper machine with the addition of trichome fibers providing an increase in strength. The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for the preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a Fourdrinier fibrous structure manufacturing machine on a pilot scale. The individualized trichome fibers are first prepared from Stachys byzantina efflorescence stems consisting of dried stems, leaves, and buds prior to flowering, by passing the dried plant material of Stachys byzantina through a plant organ. knife cutter (Wiley mill, manufactured by The CW Brabender Co. located at NJ) equipped with an attrition screen having holes of the (0.635 cm). At the exit of the Wiley mill, there is a composite plush constituting the individualized trichome fibers together with large pieces of leaf and stem material. The individualized trichome fluff is then passed through an air classifier (Ilosokawa Alpine 50ATP); the "accepted" or "fine" fraction from the classifier is highly enriched in individualized trichome fibers while the "rejected" or "coarse" fraction is mainly large pieces of stems, and leaf elements with only a minor fraction of individualized trichome fibers. A capsule holder speed of 9000 rpm, an air pressure resistance of 10 to 15 mbar (1 to 1.5 kPa), and a feed speed of about 10 g / min are used on the 50 ATP. The resulting individualized trichome material (fines) is mixed with a 10% aqueous dispersion of "Texcare 4060" to add about 10% by weight of "Texcare 4060" by dry weight weight of the individualized trichomes, followed by a Treating a "Texcare" trichome into water at a consistency of 3% using a conventional pulper. This slurry is passed through a feed conduit to another feed conduit containing a slurry of eucalyptus fibers. Particular care must be taken during the treatment of trichomes. 60 pounds (27.27 kg) of trichome fiber is disintegrated in a 50 gallon (189 liter) disintegrator by adding water to half the amount required to make a 1% trichome fiber slurry. This is done to prevent trichome fibers from overflowing and floating on the surface of the water due to the lower density and hydrophobic nature of the trichome fiber. After mixing and stirring for a few minutes, the disintegrator is stopped and the remaining trichome fibers are pushed while water is added. After pH adjustment, it is disintegrated for 20 minutes, then poured into an independent box for release on the machine's arrival box. This allows the trichome fibers to be placed in one or more layers, alone or mixed with others. fibers, such as hardwood fibers and / or coniferous wood fibers. The aqueous slurry of eucalyptus fibers is prepared at about 3% by weight using a conventional pulper. This slurry is also passed through a feed conduit to the feed conduit containing the eucalyptus fiber slurry. The 1% trichome fiber slurry is combined with the 3% eucalyptus fiber slurry in a proportion which gives about 13.3% trichome fiber and 86.7% eucalyptus fiber. The feed duct containing the combined trichome and eucalyptus fiber slurries is directed to the cloth layer of the arrival crate of a Fourdrinier machine. Separately, an aqueous slurry of NSK fibers of about 3% by weight is made using a conventional pulper.
[0028] In order to impart temporary moisture resistance to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of temporary wet reinforcement additive (eg Parez® marketed by Kemira) is prepared and added to the fiber feed conduit. NSK at a rate sufficient to deliver 0.3% temporary wet strength additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers. The absorption of the temporary wet reinforcing additive is improved by passing the treated slurry through an in-line mixer. The trichome fiber and eucalyptus fiber slurry is diluted with white water at the inlet of a mixing pump to a consistency of about 0.15% based on the total weight of the slurry of eucalyptus and trichome fibers. Similarly, eucalyptus NSK fibers are diluted with white water at the inlet of a mixing pump to a consistency of about 0.15% based on the total weight of the fiber slurry. NSK. The eucalyptus / trichome fiber slurry and the NSK fiber slurry are both directed to a layered checkout box capable of holding the slurries as independent streams until they are deposited on a forming fabric on the Fourdrinier machine. The fibrous structure manufacturing machine has a layered arrival crate with an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber. The combined eucalyptus / trichome fiber slurry is pumped through the upper chamber of the arrival crate, the eucalyptus fiber slurry is pumped through the upper and lower chambers of the arrival crate and simultaneously the slurry of NSK fibers is pumped through the central chamber of the arrival crate and delivered in a superimposed relationship on a Fourdrinier fabric so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure, of which about 83% consists of eucalyptus / trichome and 17% consists of NSK fibers. Dehydration takes place through the Foudrinier fabric and is assisted by a deflector and suction boxes. The Fourdrinier fabric is a 5-mass, satin-woven pattern having 87 monofilaments in the machine direction and 76 in the cross machine direction per 2.5 cm (per inch), respectively. The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 750 feet per minute (228.6 meters per minute). The embryonic wet fibrous structure is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 15% at the transfer point to a three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt comprising semi-continuous joins and webs. semi-continuous pads, similar to the first layer of the air-flow drying belt shown in Figures 6A-6C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure comprising a pattern of semi-continuous high density joint regions dispersed throughout an entire low density cushion region. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by casting an impermeable resin surface onto a fiber mesh support fabric similar to that shown in Figures 4B and 4C. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the cast resin is about 11 mils (0.2794 millimeters) above the support fabric. Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%.
[0029] While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 65% by weight. After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 22% polyvinyl alcohol, about 11% CREPETROL® A3025, and about 67% CREPETROL® R6390. CREPETROL® A3025 and CREPETROL® R6390 are marketed by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, Del. The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 97% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 degrees. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 350 ° F (177 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is rolled into a roll using a reel drum. at the surface having a peripheral speed of about 656 feet per minute (199.95 m / min) Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the fibrous structure roll into a carrier. unwinding. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure, then combined with the fibrous structure from the other mother-roll to make a multi-layer (2-layer) sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported on a slit extruder through which a surface chemical may be applied. The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a winder where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool. The multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above. Example 5 - air circulation drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a fibrous structure manufacturing machine of Fourdrinier ( paper manufacturing) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine.
[0030] In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed pipe to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% NSK slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-layer, three-chambered feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In order to impart temporary moisture resistance to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of temporary wet reinforcement additive (eg, Fennorez® 91 marketed by Kemira) is prepared and added to the feed conduit of the feed. NSK fibers at a rate sufficient to deliver 0.23% temporary wet strength additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers. The absorption of the temporary wet reinforcing additive is improved by passing the treated slurry through an in-line mixer. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier web to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 26% of the upper side is made of eucalyptus fibers, about 26 % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 48% is NSK fibers in the center. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The weight per unit area for this condition was 11.3 pounds per 3000 square feet (18.419 g / m2). The thickness of one layer (95 gsi (14.72 g / cm 2)) was 10.65 mils (0.27051 mm). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 18 to 22% at the transfer point onto a three-dimensional patterned air-flow drying belt, as shown in FIGS. Figures 6A to 6C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B including a pattern of high density joint regions dispersed throughout a region of continuous pad at several elevations. The multi-elevation continuous bearing region comprises an intermediate density pad region (density between the high density joints and the other low density pad region) and a low density pad region formed by the deflection conduits created by the semicontinuous joining layer essentially oriented in the direction of the machine. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by molding a first layer of impermeable resin surface of semi-continuous seams onto a fiber mesh support fabric similar to that shown in FIGS. 4B. and 4C, then molding a second impervious resin surface layer of individual seams. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the first layer resin footprint is about 6 mils (0.154 mm) above the support fabric and the thickness of the second layer resin footprint is about 13 mils (0 , 3302 mm) above the support fabric.
[0031] Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%. While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 50 to 65 percent by weight. weight. After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-44), about 20% UNICREPE® 457T20. UNICREPE® 457T20 is marketed by GP Chemicals. The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 96-98% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 300 ° F (149 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is wound into a roll (parent roll) in using a surface-driven wire feed drum having a peripheral speed of about 655 feet per minute (199.64 m / min) Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to a sanitary tissue product by loading the structural roll fibrous in a unwinding support. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A stock reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure through a 1.9 cm (0.75 ") pressure roll nip and then combined with the fibrous structure from the other mother roll to make a sanitary tissue product The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a reel where it is wound on a mandrel to form a spool.The multi-layer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw. wherein the coil is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product The multilayer sanitary tissue product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above. Example 6 - air flow drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a fibrous structure manufacturing machine. Fourdrinier (paper manufacture) on a pilot scale. An aqueous slurry of eucalyptus pulp fibers (Fibria Brazilian bleached hardwood kraft pulp) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the fiber feed box. of hardwood. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to a hardwood mix pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight. fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the upper and lower chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine.
[0032] In addition, an aqueous slurry of NSK paper pulp (Northern Softwood Kraft) is prepared at about 3% fiber by weight using a conventional pulper and then transferred to the wood fiber feed box. conifers. The NSK fiber slurry from the coniferous wood supply box is pumped through a feed pipe to be refined to a Canadian Standardized Freeness Index (CSF) of about 630. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% NSK slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-layer, three-chambered feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. In order to impart temporary moisture resistance to the finished fiber structure, a 1% dispersion of temporary wet reinforcement additive (eg, Fennorez® 91 marketed by Kemira) is prepared and added to the feed conduit of the feed. NSK fibers at a rate sufficient to deliver 0.23% temporary wet strength additive based on the dry weight of the NSK fibers. The absorption of the temporary wet reinforcing additive is improved by passing the treated slurry through an in-line mixer. The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% consistency is directed to the top checkout and the lower checkout box. The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central cashbox. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier web to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 26% of the upper side is made of eucalyptus fibers, about 26 % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the lower side and about 48% is NSK fibers in the center. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier canvas is approximately 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The surface weight of one layer for this condition was 11.5 pounds per 3000 square feet (18.419 g / m2). The thickness of one layer (95 gsi (14.72 g / cm 2)) was 23.1 mils (0.58674 millimeters). The fibrous structure of the embryonic web is transferred from the Fourdrinier web at a fiber consistency of about 18 to 22% at the transfer point onto a three-dimensional patterned air-flow drying belt, as shown in FIGS. Figures 6A to 2C. The speed of the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is identical to the speed of the Fourdrinier fabric. The three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt is designed to provide a fibrous structure as illustrated in FIGS. 7A and 7B including a pattern of high density joint regions dispersed throughout a region of continuous pad at several elevations. The multi-elevation continuous bearing region comprises an intermediate density pad region (density between the high density joints and the other low density pad region) and a low density pad region formed by the deflection conduits created by the semicontinuous joining layer essentially oriented in the direction of the machine. This three-dimensional pattern air-flow drying belt is formed by molding a first layer of impermeable resin surface of semi-continuous seams onto a fiber mesh support fabric similar to that shown in FIGS. 4B. and 4C, then molding a second impervious resin surface layer of individual seams. The support fabric is a fine double-layered lattice of 98 x 52 filaments. The thickness of the first layer resin footprint is about 6 mils (0.154 mm) above the support fabric and the thickness of the second layer resin footprint is about 13 mils (0 , 3302 mm) above the support fabric. Further dehydration of the fibrous structure is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the fibrous structure has a fiber consistency of about 20% to 30%. While remaining in contact with the three-dimensional pattern air-drying belt, the fibrous structure is pre-dried by a blast of air through pre-dryers to a fiber consistency of about 50 to 65% by weight. .
[0033] After the dryers, the semi-dry fibrous structure is transferred to the Yankee and adheres to the surface of the Yankee with a vaporized creping adhesive. The creping adhesive is an aqueous dispersion with the active ingredients consisting of about 80% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA 88-44), about 20% UNICREPE® 457T20. UNICREPE® 457T20 is marketed by GP Chemicals. The creping adhesive is delivered to the Yankee surface at a rate of about 0.15% adhesive solids based on the dry weight of the fibrous structure. The fiber consistency is increased to about 96-98% before the fibrous structure is creped dry from the Yankee with a doctor blade.
[0034] The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 25 ° and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 81 °. The Yankee is used at a temperature of about 300 ° F (149 ° C) and a speed of about 800 feet per minute (243.84 m / min). The fibrous structure is wound into a roll (parent roll) in using a surface-driven wire feed drum having a peripheral speed of about 671 feet per minute (204.52 m / min) Two mother rolls of the fibrous structure are then converted to sanitary tissue product by loading the structural roll fibrous in a unwinding support. The production speed is 400 feet / min (121.92 m / min). A mother reel of the fibrous structure is unwound and transported on an embossing support where the fibrous structure is contracted to form the embossing pattern in the fibrous structure through a 0.75 "(1.905 cm) pressure roll nip and then combined with the fibrous structure from the other parent coil to make a multilayer sanitary tissue product ( The multilayer sanitary tissue product is then transported to a reel where it is wound on a mandrel to form a reel, and the multilayer sanitary tissue product reel is then transported to a reel saw where the reel is wound. The multi-layer sanitary tissue product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above and is cut into finished rolls of multilayer sanitary tissue product. here above.
[0035] Example 7 - Circulation air drying belt The following example illustrates a non-limiting example for a preparation of a sanitary tissue product, for example, a paper towel, comprising a fibrous structure according to the present invention on a Fourdrinier fibrous structure manufacturing machine (paper making) on a pilot scale. A 3% by weight aqueous slurry of northern softwood kraft pulp (NSK) is prepared in a conventional disintegrator. The NSK slurry is gently refined and a 3% solution of a permanent moisture resistant resin (ie, Kymene 5221 inlaid by Hercules Incorporated from Wilmington, Del.) Is added to the feed pipe. NSK at a rate of 1% by weight of the dry fibers. The adsorption of Kymene 5221 on NSK fibers is enhanced by an on-line mixer. A 1% solution of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (i.e. FinnFix 700 inoculated by CP Kelco US Inc. of Atlanta, GA) is added after the in-line mixer at 0.35% by weight of dry fibers to improve the dry strength of the fibrous substrate. The refined NSK fiber slurry is then directed to the NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the NSK slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% NSK slurry is then directed and distributed in the central chamber of a multi-layer, three-chambered feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. An aqueous slurry of 3% by weight of eucalyptus fibers is prepared in a conventional disintegrator. A 1% defoamer solution (i.e. Wickit 1285 inlaid by Hercules Incorporated of Wilmington, DE) is added to the eucalyptus feed conduit at 0.1% by weight of the dry fibers and its adsorption is improved by an on-line mixer. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood box is pumped through a feed line to an NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the central and upper chambers of a three-chamber, multi-layered checkbox of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine. The eucalyptus fiber slurry from the hardwood feed box is pumped through a feed line to an Euc mixing pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced by about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0.15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% eucalyptus slurry is then pumped and distributed into the lower chamber of a multi-ply, three-chambered box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine.
[0036] An aqueous slurry of 3% by weight of 40% eucalyptus fiber, 40% Kraft Northern Softwood Kraft (NSK) and 20% Southern Softwood Kraft (SSK) is prepared in a conventional disintegrator. This mixture will be called mixed fiber. The fiber slurry of the mixed fiber feed box is pumped through a feed conduit to an NSK mixing pump where the consistency of the slurry is reduced from about 3% by weight of fiber to about 0, 15% by weight of fiber. The 0.15% mixed fiber slurry is then pumped and evenly distributed in the center and top chambers of a three-chamber, multi-ply feed box of a Fourdrinier wet paper machine.
[0037] The wet-laid paper making machine has a layered checkbox having an upper chamber, a central chamber, and a lower chamber where the chambers feed directly onto the forming wire (Fourdrinier canvas). The eucalyptus fiber slurry of 0.15% coherence is directed to the upper box of arrival and in equal amounts to the central and lower chambers.
[0038] The NSK fiber slurry is directed to the central and bottom inlet cashbox. The mixed fiber slurry is directed to the central and bottom inlet cash chamber. All three layers of fibers are delivered simultaneously in superimposed relationship on the Fourdrinier web so as to form a three-layered embryonic fibrous structure (web), of which about 21% of the lower side is composed of eucalyptus fibers, about 11%. % is made of eucalyptus fibers on the central and upper sides, about 53% consists of NSK fibers in the central and upper sides, about 15% consists of mixed fiber in the central and upper sides. Dehydration is carried out through the Foudrinier canvas and is assisted by a baffle and canvas table suction boxes. The Fourdrinier canvas is an 84M (84 out of 76 5A, Albany International). The speed of the Fourdrinier fabric is approximately 700 feet per minute (213.36 m / min). The web is then transferred to the patterned transfer / printing fabric, with a pattern as described in this application, in the area. transfer without precipitating a substantial densification of the web. The web is then transferred, at a second speed, V2, onto the transfer / printing fabric along a looped path in contacting relation with a transfer head disposed at the transfer zone, the second speed being about 5% to about 40% slower than the first speed. Since the speed of the web is faster than the transfer / printing fabric, wet shrinkage of the web occurs at the point of transfer. Thus, the narrowing of the wet web may be from about 3% to about 15%. Further dewatering is accomplished by vacuum assisted drainage until the web has a fiber consistency of from about 20% to about 30%. The patterned web is pre-dried by air blowing to a fiber consistency of about 65% by weight. The web then adheres to the surface of a Yankee machine with a vaporized creping adhesive comprising 0.1% aqueous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. The fiber consistency is increased to about 96% before dry creping the ply with a squeegee. The doctor blade has a bevel angle of about 45 degrees and is positioned relative to the Yankee to provide an impact angle of about 101 degrees. The dried web is wound at a fourth speed, V4, which is faster than the third speed, V3, of the drying cylinder. Two layers of the web may be formed into multilayer sanitary tissue products by embossing and laminating together using a PVA adhesive. The multilayer sanitary paper product of this example has the properties shown in Table 1 above. Test Procedures Unless otherwise indicated, all tests described herein including those described under the Definitions section and the following test methods are performed on samples that have been conditioned in a conditioned room at a temperature of 23 ° C ± 1. , 0 ° C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 2% for a minimum of 2 hours before the test. The tested samples are "usable units". "Usable units" as used herein refers to sheets, flat portions from a roll stock, pre-processed flat portions, and / or monolayer or multilayer products. All the tests are carried out in such a conditioned room. Do not test samples that have defects such as creases, tears, holes, and the like. All instruments are calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications. Surface Mass Test Method The basis weight of a fibrous structure and / or hygienic paper product is measured on stacks of twelve usable units using a top loading analytical balance with a resolution of ± 0.001 g. The scale is protected from drafts and other disturbances by using a draft protection screen. A precision cutting die, measuring 3,500 "± .0035" by 3,500 "± .0035" (8.89 cm ± .00889 cm by 8.89 cm ± .00889 cm) is used to prepare all samples. With a precision die cut, cut the samples into squares. 5 Combine the cut squares to form a stack with a thickness of twelve samples. Measure the mass of the sample stack and record the result at plus or minus 0.001 g. The basis weight is calculated in pounds / 3000 ft2 or g / m2 as follows: Density = (Mass of the cell) / [(Area of 1 cell in the cell) x (Number of cells in the cell)] 10 For example Weight per pound (pounds / 3000 feet2) = [[Mass of the battery (g) / 453.6 (g / lb)] / [12.25 (in2) / 144 (po2 / ft2) x 12]] x 3000 or, Mass per unit area (g / m 2) = Mass of the cell (g) / [79.032 (cm 2) / 10,000 (cm 2 / m 2) x 12] Indicate the result at plus or minus 0.1 g / m 2 or 0 , 1 pound / 3000 feet2. The dimensions of the sample may be varied or varied using a similar precision cutting member as previously mentioned, so as to have at least 645.2 centimeters squared (100 square inches) of sample area in the battery. Thickness Testing Method The thickness of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product is measured using a ProGage micrometer (Thwing-Albert Instrument Company, West Berlin, NJ) with a foot diameter. 2.00 inches (5.08 centimeters) pressure (area 3.14 inches (20.258 cm2)) at a pressure of 95 g / square inch (14.725 g / cm 2). Four (4) samples are prepared by cutting a usable unit such that each cut sample is at least 2.5 inches (6.35 centimeters) per side, avoiding obvious wrinkles, folds and defects. An individual sample is placed on the anvil with the sample centered below the pressure foot. The foot is lowered to 0.03 in / sec (0.0762 cm / s) at an applied pressure of 95 g / in 2 (14.725 g / cm 2). The measurement is taken after a hold time of 3 s, and the foot is raised. The measurement is repeated similarly for the remaining 3 samples. The thickness is calculated as the average thickness of the four samples and is indicated in mils (0.001 in.) To plus or minus 0.1 mil. Density Test Method The density of a fibrous structure and / or a sanitary tissue product is calculated as the ratio of the basis weight of a fibrous structure or a sanitary tissue product expressed in pounds / 3000 feet divided by the thickness (at 95 g / cm 2). po2 (14.725 g / cm2)) of the fibrous structure or toilet paper product expressed in mils The final density value is calculated in pounds / feet3 and / or g / cm3, using the appropriate conversion factors. Method of Testing Stack Compressibility and Elastic Inflator The stack thickness (measured in mils, 0.001 inch (0.0025 cm)) is measured as a function of the confining pressure (g / in2) using a tester. Compression / Flexibility Thwing-Albert (14 W. Collings Ave. , West Berlin, NJ) Vantage (model 1750-2005 or similar) or an equivalent instrument, equipped with a load cell of 24.5 N (2500 g) (the accuracy on the force is +/- 0.25 % when the measured value is between 10% and 100% of the capacity of the load cell, and 0.025% when the measured value is less than 10% of the capacity of the load cell), a pressure foot 1.128 inches (2.8665 cm) diameter steel (one inch square cross-sectional area (6.4516 cm2) which is aligned parallel to the steel anvil (2.5 inch diameter (6, 35 cm). The surfaces of the pressure foot and the anvil must be clean and free of dust, especially when performing the steel-on-steel test. Thwing Albert software (MAP) controls the movement and acquisition of instrument data. The instrument and software are configured to collect crosshead and force data at a speed of 50 dots / s. The crosshead speed (which moves the pressure foot) to test the samples is set to 0.20 inch / min (0.508 cm / min) (the steel-to-steel test speed is set to 0.05 inch / min (0.127 cm / min) Transverse position and force data are recorded between the load cell range of approximately 0.05 and 14.71 N (5 and 1500 grams) during compression. stop immediately after exceeding 1500 grams record the thickness at that pressure (called T.), and immediately change direction at the same speed as the compression run.The data is collected during this part of the test decompression ( also referred to as recovery) between approximately 1500 and 5 grams Since the foot area is one inch squared (6.4516 cm2), the force data recorded corresponds to a pressure in units of g / in2. MAP software is programmed to 15 selected crosshead positions (for both compression and recovery) at specific pressure points of 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 , 750, 1000 and 1250 g / in 2 (1.55, 3.82, 7.75, 11.62, 15.5, 19.37, 23.25, 31, 46.5, 62, 77.5, 93, 116.25, 155, 193.75 g / cm2) (i.e., recording the traverse position of the next data point immediately collected after each pressure sensing point is exceeded) . In addition to these collected pick-up points, T. is also recorded, that is, the thickness at the maximum pressure applied during the test (approximately 1500 g / in 2 (232.5 g / cm 2)). Since the overall test system, including the load cell, is not perfectly rigid, a steel-to-steel test is performed (ie with nothing between the pressure foot and the anvil) at least twice for each test lot, so as to obtain an average set of steel-on-steel crosshead positions at each of the 31 gripping points previously described. These steel-to-steel crosshead position data are subtracted from the corresponding crosshead data at each entry point for each stacked sample tested, which gives the stack thickness (mils) at each point of pressure capture. during compression, the maximum pressure and the recovery portions of the test. Tile (input) = PTpile (input) - Tacker (input) Where: input = pressure at the point of capture or compression, or at recovery or at maximum Tpile = Battery thickness (at the input pressure) PTpile = Position of stack cross-section under test (at gripping pressure) PTsteel = Transverse position of steel-to-steel test (at gripping pressure) A stack of five (5) usable units is prepared for the test as follows. The minimum usable unit size is 2.5 inches by 2.5 inches (6.35 cm by 6.35 cm); however, a larger sheet size is preferable for the test, since it allows easier handling without touching the central region where the compression test is taking place. For typical perforated absorbent toilet paper, this involves removing five (5) sets of 3 usable connected units. In this case, the test is carried out on the usable unit of the medium and the 2 useable external units are used for handling during the removal of the roll and the stacking. For other product formats, it is advisable, when possible, to create a test sheet size (each one usable thickness) that is large enough for the internal test region of the stack created with a thickness of 5 usable units is never physically touched, elongated or contracted, but with dimensions that do not exceed 14 inches by 6 inches (35.56 cm by 15.24 cm). The sheets (thickness of one usable unit each) of the same approximate dimensions, are placed one above the other, with their machine direction aligned in the same direction, their outer faces all facing the same direction and their edges being aligned +/- 3 mm from each other. The central part of the pile, where the compression test will take place, must never be physically touched, elongated and / or contracted (this includes never "smoothing" the surface with a hand or other device before the test) .
[0039] The stack of 5 sheets is placed on the anvil, positioning it so that the pressure foot will come into contact with the central region of the stack (for the first compression test) at a point not physically touched, leaving space for a subsequent compression test (second), also in the central region of the stack, but separated by 1 inch (0.635 cm) or more from the first compression test, so that one and the other tests are in unaffected and separated points in the central region of the pile. From these two tests, a stack average crossing position at each input pressure (i.e., PTpile (capture)) is calculated for the compression, maximum pressure, and recovery portions of the stack. tests. Then, using the average steel-to-steel crosshead (ie, PT-steel (grab)) gripping points, the average stack thickness at each input (ie Tpile ( input) is calculated (mils) The compressibility of the stack is defined here as the absolute value of the linear slope of the stack thickness (mils) as a function of the log (10) of the confining pressure (grams / po2) ), using the previously discussed compression capture points (i.e. compression of 10 to 1250 g / in 2 (1.55 to 193.75 g / cm 2), in least squares regression. The units for the compressibility of the stack are mils / (log (g / po2)), and this is indicated at plus or minus 0.1 mil / (log (g / in2).) The elastic inflator is calculated from the weight of the stack per unit area and the sum of 8 thickness values Tpile (input) from the maximum pressure portion and the test recovery: i.e. maximum pressure (T.) and recovery to R1250, R1000, R750, R500, R300, R100 and R10 g / in2 (R193.75, R155, R116.25, R77.5, R46.5, R15.5, R1 , 55 g / cm2) (a prefix "R" indicates that these inputs come from the test recovery portion). The weight of the stack per unit area is measured from the same region of the stack contacted by the compression foot, after the compression test is completed, by cutting a square one of 22.6 square centimeters. (3.50-inch square) (typically) with a precision punch, and weighing on a 3-station calibrated balance, plus or minus 0.001 gram. The weight of the precisely cut stack, together with the Tile data (input) at each required input pressure (each point being an average of the two compression / recovery tests previously discussed), are used in the following equation for calculate the elastic swelling, indicated in units of cm3 / g, at plus or minus 0.1 cm3 / g. SUM (Tpile (Tmax, R1250, R1000, R750, R500, R300, R100, R10)) * 0.00254 Elastic Inflator = M / A Where: Tile = Battery Thickness (at the T input pressure and recovery pressures listed previously), (mils) M = weight of the precisely cut pile, (grams) A = precisely cut pile area, (cm2) Plate rigidity test method As used herein, the "Plate Rigidity" test is a measure of the stiffness of a flat sample as it is deformed down into a hole below the sample. For the test, the sample is modeled as an infinite plate with a thickness "t" which is on a flat surface where it is centered on a hole with a radius "R". A central force "F" applied to the absorbent paper directly on the center of the hole deflects the absorbent paper down into the hole over a distance "w". For a linear elastic material, the deviation can be predicted by: 3F w = - 41r Et3 (1 - 0 (3 + OR2 where "E" is the effective linear elastic modulus, "v" is the Poisson's ratio, "R" is the radius of the hole, and "t" is the thickness of the absorbent paper, taken as a thickness of 30 millimeters measured on a stack of absorbent papers under a load of about 0.29 psi (1.99 kPa). taking the Poisson's ratio to a value of 0.1 (the solution is not very sensitive to this parameter, so the inaccuracy due to the adopted value is probably minor), the previous equation can be reformulated for "w" to estimate the effective modulus based on the flexibility test results: 3R2 FE - - 41 3 w The test results are performed using an MTS Alliance RT / 1, Insight Renew or similar test machine (MTS Systems Corp.). , Eden Prairie, Minn.), With a load cell of 50 newtons, and a speed Data acquisition of at least 25 points of force per second. When a stack of five sheets of absorbent paper (created without any crease, pressing or deformation) of at least 2.5 inches by 2.5 inches (6.35 cm by 6.35 cm), but not more than 5 , 0 inches by 5.0 inches (12.7 cm by 12.7 cm), oriented in the same direction, is centered on a 15.75 mm radius hole on a support plate, a blunt probe of a radius of 3.15 mm descends at a speed of 20 mm / min. For typical perforated rolled absorbent toilet paper, the sample preparation consists of removing five (5) usable connected units, and carefully forming a stack of five sheets, in the manner of an accordion, by folding only at the level of the lines. perforation. When the end of the probe goes down to 1 mm below the plane of the support plate, the test is complete. The maximum slope (using least squares regression) in grams of force / mm over any 0.5 mm range during the test is recorded (this maximum slope usually occurs at the end of the run). The load cell monitors the applied force and the position of the end of the probe relative to the plane of the support plate is also monitored. The maximum load is recorded, and "E" is estimated using the equation above.
[0040] The plate stiffness "S" per unit width can then be calculated as - Et3 S = - 12 and is expressed in units of Newtons * millimeters. The Testworks program uses the following formula to calculate the stiffness (or it can be calculated manually from the raw data output): F) 1 (3 + oR21 S = A. 16rr30 where "F / w" is the maximum slope (force divided by the deflection), "v" is the Poisson's ratio taken at a value of 0.1, and "R" is the ring radius.The same sample stack (as used previously) is then returned and retested in the same manner as described above This test is performed three more times (with different sample stacks), thus eight S-values are calculated from four stacks of sheets of the same sample. numerical average of these eight values S is indicated as plate stiffness for the sample Slip stick coefficient of friction test Context Friction is the stress that resists the relative movement of solid surfaces, co of fluid and sliding material elements against each other. Of particular interest here, the "dry" friction resists the relative lateral movement of two solid surfaces in contact. Dry friction is subdivided into static friction between non-moving surfaces, and kinetic friction between moving surfaces. "Slip adhesion" as applied herein is the term used to describe the dynamic variation of kinetic friction. Friction is not itself a fundamental force, but arises from the fundamental electromagnetic forces between the charged particles constituting the two surfaces in contact. Textured surfaces also involve mechanical interactions, as is the case when glass paper rubs against a fibrous substrate. The complexity of these interactions makes it impossible to calculate friction from the first principles and requires the use of empirical methods for the analysis and development of a theory. As such, a specific sled material and testing method has been identified, and has shown a correlation with human perception of surface sensation.
[0041] The present slip-slip coefficient test method measures the interaction of a diamond file (grain 120-140) against a surface of a test sample, in this case a fibrous structure and or a sanitary tissue product, at a pressure of about 32 g / in 2 (4.96 g / cm 2) as illustrated in FIGS. 13-15. The friction measurements are highly dependent on the accuracy of the surface properties sled material and, since each sled has no "standard" reference, the variation in surface properties from one sled to another is taken into account by testing a test sample with several sleds, depending on the equipment and procedure described below. Equipment and configuration A Thwing-Albert friction / detachment test instrument (14 W.
[0042] Collings Ave., West Berlin, NJ) (model 225-1) or equivalent if no longer available, equipped with data acquisition software and a calibrated 2000 gram load cell that moves horizontally across the platform. Attached to the load cell is a small metal accessory (defined here as "load cell arm") which has a small hole near its end, so that a sled string can be attached (for this process, however, no string will be used). In this load cell arm hole, insert a screw-on cap (3/4 inch (1.905 cm) # 8-32) by partially screwing it into the opening, so that it is rigid (not loose) and is vertically oriented, perpendicular to the load cell arm. After turning on the instrument, set the test speed of the instrument to 2 inches / min (5.08 cm / min), the test time to 10 seconds and wait for at least 5 minutes for the instrument to preheat before reset the load cell (without touching anything) and test. The load cell force data are collected at a rate of 52 points per second, indicated at plus or minus 0.1 grams of force. Press the "Return" button to move the cross member 201 to its starting position. A smooth-surfaced metal test platform 200, with dimensions of 5 inches by 4 inches by 3/4 inches of thickness (12.7 by 10.16 by 1.905 centimeters in thickness), is placed above the test instrument tray surface, on the left side of load cell 203, with one of its 4 inch by 3/4 inch sides facing the load cell 203, positioned 1.125 inch (2.8575 cm) from the far left end of the load cell arm 202, as shown in Figures 13 and 15. Sixteen test sleds 204 are required to perform this task. test (32 different sled surface faces). Each is manufactured using a wide-sided double sided diamond file 206 (25mm x 25mm, 120/140 grain, 1.2mm thick, part number McMaster-Carr 8142A14) with 2 flat metal washers 208 (approximately 11 / 16th of an inch (1.74625 cm) in outer diameter and approximately 11 / 32nd of an inch (0.8731 cm) in inner diameter). The combined weight of the diamond file 206 and the two washers 208 is 11.7 grams +/- 0.2 gram (choose different washers until the weight is in this range). Using a metal bonding adhesive (Loctite 430, or the like), adhere the 2 washers 208 to the c-shaped end 210 of the diamond file 206 (one on each side), aligned and positioned so that the opening 212 is large enough that the screw cap 214 fits easily, and to ensure that the total length of the sled 204 is approximately 3 inches (7.62 cm). Clean the 204 sled by dipping it, diamond face end 216 only, in an acetone bath, while gently brushing at the same time with a soft-bristled toothbrush, 3 to 6 times on each side of the diamond file 206 Remove acetone and dry by tapping each side with Kimwipe paper towel (do not rub the absorbent paper on the diamond surface as this may loosen pieces of paper towels on the sled surface). Wait at least 15 minutes before using sled 204 in a test. Label each side of the sled 204 (on the arm or washer, not on the diamond face) with a unique identifier (ie, the first sled is marked "la" on one side, and "lb" on his other side). When all 16 sleds 204 are created and marked, there are then 32 different diamond-faced surfaces available for testing, marked la and lb at 16a and 16b. These sleds 204 must be treated as fragile (especially diamond surfaces) and handled carefully; thus, they are stored in a pull box, or a similar protective container. Sample preparation If the test sample is an absorbent toilet paper, in the form of a perforated roll, then gently remove 8 sets of 2 connected roll sheets, touching only the corners (not the areas where the test sled will come into contact). If necessary, use scissors or another sample cutter. If the sample is in another form, cut 8 sets of samples approximately 8 inches (20.32 cm) in length in the machine direction, approximately 4 inches (10.16 cm) long in the cross direction, a thickness of one usable unit each. Make a note and / or a mark that differentiates between the front sides of each sample (for example, fabric side or canvas side, top or bottom, etc.). When the preparation of the sample is complete, there are 8 sheets prepared with an appropriate marking which differentiates one side of the other. These will be referred to hereafter as sheets 1 to 8, each with an upper side and a lower side. Performing the test Press the "Return" button to ensure that the cross member 201 is in its starting position. Without touching the test area of the sample, place Sheet No. 1 218 on the test platform 200, top side facing up, aligning one of the cross-sided edges of the sheet (ie ie the edge which is parallel to the cross direction) along the edge of the platform 218 closest to the load cell 202 (+/- 1 mm) This first test (traction), out of a total of 32 , will be in the direction of the machine direction on the upper side of the sheet 218. Place a brass ballast bar or equivalent 220 (1 inch (2.54 cm) in diameter, 3.75 inches (9.525 cm) long) on the sheet 218, near its center, aligned perpendicular to the draw direction of the sled, to prevent the sheet 218 from moving during the test. Place a "la" test sled 204 on the bolted cap head 214 (ie, the sled washer opening 212 on the bolted cap head 214, and the sled side is downwardly facing it. ) so that the surface of the diamond file 206 is flat and parallel on the surface of the sheet 218 and that the screw cap 214 touches the inner edge of the washers 208. Gently place a cylindrical brass weight of 20 grams (+ -0.01 gram) 222 above the sled 204, with its edge aligned and centered with respect to the rear end of the sled. Begin sled movement and data acquisition by pressing the 'Test' button on the instrument. The configuration of the test is shown in Figure 15. The computer collects the force data (grams) and, after approximately 10 seconds of test time, this first pull among the 32 test pulls of the overall test is completed. If the test pull has been correctly configured, the face of the diamond file 206 (25 mm square by 25 mm) remains in contact with the sheet 218 for the entire 10 second test time (i.e. does not protrude from the edge of the sheet 218 or the test platform 200). Similarly, if at any time during the test, sheet 218 moves, the test is invalid, and must be restarted on another unaffected part of sheet 218, using a brass ballast bar or equivalent 220 heavier to keep the sheet 218 down. If the sheet 218 is tearing or tearing, repeat the test on another unaffected part of the sheet 218 (or create a new sheet 218 from the sample). If it pulls again, replace the sled 204 with a different sled (giving it the same sled name as the one it replaced). These instructions apply to all 32 test drives.
[0043] For the second of the 32 test pulls (also a machine direction pull, but in the opposite direction on the sheet), first remove the 20 gram weight 222, the sled 204, and the brass ballast bar or 220 equivalent of the sheet 218. Press the "Return" button on the instrument to bring the cross 201 to its starting position. Rotate the sheet 218 by 180 ° (with the upper side still facing upwards), and return the ballast brass bar or equivalent 220 on the sheet 218 (in the same position as described above). Place the test sled "lb" 204 on the bolted cap head 214 (i.e., the sled washer opening 212 on the bolted cap head 214, and the sled side lb is facing the bottom) and the weight of 20 grams 222 on the sled 204, in the same manner as previously described. Press the "Test" button to collect the data for the second test pull. The third test pull will be in the direction of the cross direction. After removing the sled 204, the weights 220, 222, and returning the cross member 201, the sheet 218 is rotated 90 ° from its previous position (with the upper side still facing upwards), and positioned so that its edge in the machine direction is aligned with the edge of the test platform 200 (+ 1- 1 mm) Position the sheet 218 so that the sledge 204 does not touch any perforation, if any, or touch the zone where the ballast brass bar or equivalent 220 has stopped in the previous test drives. Place the ballast brass bar or equivalent 220 on the sheet 218 near its center, aligned perpendicular to the sled pulling direction m. Place the test sled "2a" 204 on the bolted head cap 214 (i.e., the sled washer opening 212 on the bolted head cap 214, and the sled side 2a is facing the bottom) and the weight of 20 grams 222 on the sled 204, in the same manner as previously described. Press the "Test" button to collect data for the third test pull. The fourth test pull will also be in the cross direction, but in the opposite direction and on the opposite half-section of the sheet 218. After removing the sled 204, the weights 220, 222, and returning the cross member 201, the sheet 218 is rotated 180 ° from its previous position (with the upper side still facing upwards), and positioned so that its edge in the machine direction is again aligned with the edge of the test platform 200 (+ 1- 1 mm) Position the sheet 218 so that the sled 204 does not touch any perforation, if any, or touch the area where the brass ballast bar or equivalent 220 has stopped in the tractions of previous test. Place the ballast brass bar or equivalent 220 on the sheet 218 near its center, aligned perpendicular to the sled pulling direction m. Place the test sled "2b" 204 on the bolted cap head 214 (i.e., the sled washer opening 212 on the bolted cap head 214, and the sled side 2b is facing the bottom) and the weight of 20 grams 222 on the sled 204, in the same manner as previously described. Press the "Test" button to collect the data for the fourth test pull. After the fourth test pull is complete, remove sled 204, weights 220, 222 and return crossbar 201 to the starting position. Sheet No. 1218 is discarded. The test tractions 5 to 8 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 2118 has its lower side now facing upwards, and the sleds 3a, 3b, 4a and 4b are used. Test tractions 9 to 12 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that sheet 3 has its upper side facing upwards, and sleds 5a, 5b, 6a and 6b are used. The test tractions 13 to 16 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 4 218 has its bottom side facing upwards, and the sleds 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b are used. The test tracks 17 to 20 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 218 has its upper side facing upwards, and the sleds 9a, 9b, 10a and 10b are used. The test tracks 21 to 24 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 2118 has its bottom side facing upwards, and the sleds 11a, 11b, 12a and 12b are used.
[0044] The test tracks 25 to 28 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 7 218 has its upper side facing upwards, and the sleds 13a, 13b, 14a and 14b are used. The test tracks 29 to 32 are executed in the same manner as 1 to 4, except that the sheet No. 8 218 has its bottom side facing upwards, and that the sleds 15a, 15b, 16a and 16b are used. Calculations and Results The collected force data (grams) are used to calculate the slip stick coefficient for each of the 32 test pulls, and subsequently the slip stick coefficient of the overall mean friction for the sample that is tested. In order to calculate the slip stick coefficient for each test pull, the following calculations are made. First, the standard deviation is calculated for force data centered on the 131st data point (which is 2.5 seconds after the start of the test) + 1- 26 data points (that is, the 53 data points that span the range from 2.0 to 3.0 seconds). This standard deviation calculation is repeated for each subsequent data point, and stopped after the 493th point (approximately 9.5 s). The numerical average of these 363 standard deviation values is then divided by the weight of the sled (31.7 g) and multiplied by 10,000 to generate the coefficient slip stick (friction grip) of the friction * 10,000 for each traction of test. This calculation is repeated for all 32 test drives. The numerical average of these 32 slip stick coefficient values of the 10,000 friction is the indicated value of the slip stick coefficient of the 10,000 friction for the sample. For the sake of simplicity, it is simply referred to as slip-stick coefficient (friction-slip), or more simply adhesion-slip, without unit (dimensionless), and is indicated at plus or minus 1.0. Aberrant values and noise It is not unusual, with this method described, to observe that about one of the 32 test tractions has force data with a harmonic wave of vibrations superimposed on it. For whatever reason, the pulled sled periodically enters a relatively high frequency oscillating "shake" mode, which can be seen in the force versus time graph. It has been found that the sine wave noise has a frequency of about 10 s-1 and an amplitude in the force range of 0.03 to 0.05 N (3 to 5 grams). This adds a systematic discrepancy to the actual slip-slip result for this test; thus, it is appropriate that this test pull be treated as an aberrant result, that the data be eliminated and replaced by a new test of the same scenario (for example, upper side in the cross direction) and same sled number (eg , 3a). To obtain an estimate of the overall measurement noise, "blank tests" were performed on the test instrument without any contact of the load cell (i.e., no sled). The average force obtained by these tests is zero gram, but the slip stick coefficient of the calculated friction was 66. Thus, it has been hypothesized that, for this instrument measuring system, this value represents this absolute lower limit for the coefficient slip stick (adhesion-slip) friction. The dimensions and values described here should not be understood as strictly limited to the exact numerical values quoted. Instead, unless otherwise indicated, each such dimension means both the quoted value and the functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension described as "40 mm" means "about 40 mm" The citation of any document is not an admission that it is a prior art compared to any invention described or claimed herein or that alone, or in any combination with any other reference or reference, it teaches, proposes or describes any such invention. Moreover, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in any other document, the meaning or definition attributed to that term in this document document will have to prevail. While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention. It is intended, therefore, to cover in the appended claims all such variations and modifications which belong to the scope of the present invention.

权利要求:
Claims (13)
[0001]
REVENDICATIONS1. A sanitary tissue product characterized in that it comprises at least one fibrous structure layer comprising a plurality of pulp fibers, manufactured such that the sanitary tissue product has a compressibility greater than 46 mils / (log (g / po 2)) as measured by the method of compressibility testing of the cell and a plate stiffness of less than 5.2 N * mm as measured by the plate rigidity test method.
[0002]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pulp fibers comprise wood pulp fibers.
[0003]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pulp fibers comprise fibers which are not wood pulp.
[0004]
A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanitary tissue product comprises an embossed free-form layer.
[0005]
A sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanitary tissue product comprises a fibrous structure layer with three-dimensional patterns.
[0006]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer comprises a layer of fibrous structure dried by air circulation.
[0007]
A sanitary tissue product according to claim 6, characterized in that the air-dried fibrous structure layer is a fibrous structure layer dried by creped air circulation.
[0008]
A sanitary tissue product according to claim 6, characterized in that the air-dried fibrous structure layer is a fibrous structure layer dried by uncreped air circulation.
[0009]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the three-dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer comprises a fabric-crimped fibrous structure layer.
[0010]
A sanitary tissue product according to claim 5, characterized in that the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer comprises a belt-crimped fibrous structure layer.
[0011]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanitary tissue product comprises a conventional fibrous structure layer in a wet press.
[0012]
A sanitary tissue product as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sanitary tissue product comprises a fibrous structure layer not impregnated with lotion.
[0013]
A method of making a sanitary tissue product according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process comprises the steps of a. contacting a patterned molding member with a fibrous structure comprising a plurality of paper pulp fibers such that a layer of fibrous structure having a plurality of fibers is formed; and B. fabricating a sanitary tissue product comprising the three dimensional patterned fibrous structure layer.

类似技术:

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公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题

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FR3015213A1|2015-06-26|

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FR3015212A1|2015-06-26|

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FR3015214A1|2015-06-26|

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FR3015215A1|2015-06-26|

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FR3015531A1|2015-06-26|

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FR2978972A1|2013-02-15|FIBROUS STRUCTURES

同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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US20160237625A1|2016-08-18|

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US20180051419A1|2018-02-22|

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US9322136B2|2016-04-26|

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US9909261B2|2018-03-06|

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US10697124B2|2020-06-30|

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US20190203422A1|2019-07-04|

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WO2015095431A1|2015-06-25|

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US10697126B2|2020-06-30|

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US20200362517A1|2020-11-19|

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US11015297B2|2021-05-25|

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US10697125B2|2020-06-30|

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US20150176220A1|2015-06-25|

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GB2535413A|2016-08-17|

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US20190194874A1|2019-06-27|

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DE112014005955T5|2016-09-22|

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US10351997B2|2019-07-16|

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US20190194873A1|2019-06-27|

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GB201610636D0|2016-08-03|

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MX2016008139A|2016-09-16|

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US20170226697A1|2017-08-10|

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US9670620B2|2017-06-06|

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CA2932638C|2021-06-08|

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CA2932638A1|2015-06-25|

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法律状态:
2015-11-24| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |

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2016-11-17| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |

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2018-09-28| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20180831 |

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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US201361918398P| true| 2013-12-19|2013-12-19|

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