• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A fluid sampling system (10) having an extraction conduit (14) adapted to direct the fluid from an inlet port of said conduit to at least one outlet port of said conduit. In this system, at least one outlet orifice is of substantially elliptical section (25).
    公开号:FR3014845A1
    申请号:FR1362684
    申请日:2013-12-16
    公开日:2015-06-19
    发明作者:Jackie Raymond Julien Prouteau；Pierrick Mouchoux
    申请人:SNECMA SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to a fluid sampling system comprising an extraction duct capable of directing the fluid from an inlet orifice of the duct to at least one outlet orifice thereof. Most often, the fluid sampling system further comprises a fluid collector capable of collecting fluid and directing it to the inlet orifice of the extraction duct. Such a system is usually fixed on the wall of an aircraft or more generally of a vehicle traveling at high speed. It then serves to cool some parts of the vehicle, including the engine.
    [0002] Indeed in vehicles, it is sometimes necessary to cool some organs that give off heat. This cooling can be carried out in particular by using the fluid in which the vehicle circulates, as heat transfer fluid, especially ambient air in the case of aircraft and for example aircraft.
    [0003] To collect the ambient air, a collector is used in a manner known per se which collects the fluid or air and directs it towards an orifice, called an inlet orifice. An extraction duct connected to this fluid inlet orifice then directs the fluid to an enclosure in which the vehicle part to be cooled is located. The fluid is then injected into this chamber via an outlet orifice of the extraction duct. In general, this duct is of square or rectangular section. It has been found that the flow of fluid in this conduit occurs at least in part strongly vortex. These vortices lead to high pressure drops; as a result, the cooling provided by the air sampling system may be insufficient, and / or it may become necessary to oversize the sampling system, which is detrimental to the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle. Therefore, an object of the invention is to provide a fluid sampling system of the type presented in the introduction, and for directing fluid on a portion of the vehicle so as to cause effective cooling thereof. This object is achieved by virtue of the fact that the duct comprises at least one outlet orifice of substantially elliptical section. In the following, this orifice is called the first outlet orifice.
    [0004] It has been found that among all the parameters that can be optimized in a fluid sampling system, the shape of the outlet orifice plays a specific and important role in the behavior of the fluid conveyed by the sampling system. .
    [0005] And it has been found in particular that an elliptical shape for certain orifices - and at least for the first outlet orifice - advantageously facilitates the uniform diffusion of the fluid flow, avoiding the formation of turbulence in the vicinity of the walls of the duct. . Indeed, the elliptical shape has no angles, in contrast to rectangular section conduits, whose angles form areas conducive to the formation of turbulence. In addition, advantageously, the elliptical shape of the section of one or more outlet orifices is not incompatible with a certain degree of flattening of the extraction duct (or of certain output branches thereof): the ratio between the large diameter and the small diameter of the ellipse indeed can be greater than 1.5, and even to 3. It can reach a value of 8. Thanks to this, the duct in the direction of the small diameter retains a rather small dimension, which limits the problems of space inside the vehicle wall on which is fixed the sampling system. For an outlet, the choice of a section of elliptical shape thus directs the fluid leaving this orifice to the part of the vehicle to cool quickly and with maximum efficiency. It thus makes it possible to effectively cool the part of the vehicle towards which the flow of outgoing fluid is directed. The collector may be a bailer as used on aircraft, and in particular a "flush" scoop, that is to say a scoop formed hollow and not protruding from the surface of the vehicle in which it is installed.
    [0006] In one embodiment, the conduit comprises a portion, called a transfer portion, a section of which has an area which is constant or grows progressively, in particular substantially linearly, as a function of the curvilinear abscissa on a neutral fiber of the duct. By "neutral fiber" is meant here the curve passing through the center of the different sections of the conduit, measured perpendicular to the (local) direction thereof.
    [0007] The section of the transfer portion is preferably increasing from upstream to downstream, with reference to the direction of fluid flow in the fluid sampling system. The transfer portion may in particular extend from the inlet orifice, that is to say that upstream it is directly connected to the fluid collector. Unlike the outlet, the transfer portion may have a substantially rectangular section. It has been found that it is especially the last portion downstream of the extraction duct which plays a determining role as to the properties of the jet directed on the part of the vehicle to be cooled. Moreover, in known fluid sampling systems, the conduit is generally of constant section. As a result, the jet of fluid directed at the portion of the vehicle to be cooled is a concentrated jet of relatively high velocity. This jet is therefore generally directed relatively brutally on the part or parts of the vehicle to be cooled, and such a jet has proven to be relatively inefficient in terms of cooling. To remedy this drawback, in one embodiment of the invention the duct comprises a diffuser: which extends upstream from a section of the duct called the transition section, of area At, to an outlet orifice, and whose section has an area (A) which increases convexly as a function of the curvilinear abscissa (x) on a neutral fiber of the duct, in the direction from upstream to downstream.
    [0008] The fact that the area A (x) of the diffuser section convexly increases means that the function A is a convex function. This form of the curve representative of the area of the diffuser section advantageously makes it possible to increase the cross section of the fluid flow in the duct and to reduce the pressure in the fluid flow. As a result, it makes it possible to distribute the flow of fresh air at the outlet in a homogeneous and not brutal manner on the part of the vehicle to be cooled. (In this document, a section of the duct is a section of the duct taken in a plane perpendicular to the neutral fiber thereof). Preferably, the diffuser begins or extends preferably on the upstream side from the transfer portion. Thus, the diffuser provides a smooth transition from the transfer portion to the outlet of the conduit.
    [0009] In one embodiment, the extraction duct has a plurality of outlet ports. In this case, a plurality of these and preferably all of them may be arranged with an elliptical section.
    [0010] In this case, moreover, a plurality of the outlet orifices may have a diffuser as defined above. This or these diffuser (s) may be arranged on downstream portions of the extraction duct with or without elliptical section outlet orifices. In the case where the extraction conduit has a single outlet, the sampling system according to the invention may preferably comprise one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in combination: The width of the duct may be substantially constant from the inlet to the transition section. It is preferably increasing. The width Lt of the transition section then preferably satisfies: Li .5 Lt 5 1.05 * Li, or only 0.95 * Li .5 Lt 5 1.05 * Li where Li is the width of the section of l inlet port. The area A of the duct section may be substantially constant, or preferably slightly increasing, from the inlet port to the transition section, i.e., to the diffuser. As a result, the area of the transition section can notably check: 1.03 Ai .5 At, where Ai is the area of the inlet port section and At is the area of the inlet section. transition. It can furthermore preferably check: At 1.09 Al In contrast, the area of the section of the duct necessarily increases (more or less rapidly) in the diffuser. The area 30 Ao of the outlet orifice section of the diffuser preferably satisfies: 1.1 * At 5 Ao It furthermore preferably satisfies: Ao _5 10 * At 35 Finally, the flared shape of the diffuser preferably has the following property: In any meridian plane, the opening angle formed between the two straight lines respectively passing on each side of the neutral fiber of the conduit by the external end points of the transition section and the orifice output of the diffuser, is between 25 ° and 90 °. The invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear better on reading the detailed description which follows, of embodiments shown by way of non-limiting examples. The description refers to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a sampling system according to the invention; Figure 2 is another schematic perspective view of the sampling system of Figure 1; Figure 3 is a schematic side view of the sampling system of Figure 1; FIG. 4 is a schematic view from above of the sampling system of FIG. 1; and Figure 5 shows a curve showing variations in the distance from the duct section boundary to the duct neutral fiber, as a function of the curvilinear abscissa along the duct.
    [0011] A fluid sampling system 10 according to the invention will be described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 5. The system 10 comprises a fluid collector or bailer 12 and a fluid extraction conduit 14. The collector or scoop 12 is attached to the inner surface of a wall 16. In the case presented, this wall is the wall of the nacelle of an aircraft engine. The scoop 12 is a flush scoop ("flush") of Naca form usual in aeronautics. It comprises an upstream fluid collection portion 18 and an air inlet port 20 whose section has an area A. The fluid collecting portion 18 has the shape of a groove of increasing width formed in the wall 16. On its downstream side (the opposite side to the direction of the arrow B), this groove 18 is delimited: - on the surface of the wall 16, by the wall 16 itself which forms a leading edge 21; below this leading edge 21, the groove opens on the inlet port 20 of the fluid extraction duct 14, by which it feeds it fluid. The scoop 12 is oriented on the upstream side in the direction B of advance of the engine in the air. Because of its shape, when the aircraft is in flight, it collects ambient air and directs it into the air inlet 20. The conduit 14 is disposed immediately downstream of the orifice 20. It receives the air collected by the scoop 12 and directs it inside the nacelle to a component to be cooled not shown.
    [0012] In a plane perpendicular to the direction of movement of the aircraft (X axis, Fig. 2), the air inlet orifice 20 has a rectangular section of area Ai, of height equal to about 20 mm. , and of width Li equal to about 70 mm in the example presented. Its height can be in a range of 10 to 50 mm, and its width in a range of 40 to 300 mm, for example. Conventionally the width of the air inlet orifice is equal to about four times the height thereof. The area of the section 20 is especially sized according to the air flow that we want to pass through this section. The conduit 14 has two parts: on the upstream side, a portion 22, said transfer portion; and downstream thereof, a diffusion portion or diffuser 24. The section of the conduit 14 at the upstream limit of the diffuser 24 is said transition section; it has a width Lt and an area At. In the case represented, the transition section is the downstream limit of the transfer portion 22. The variations of the area A of the section of the duct 14 are shown in FIG. FIG. 4. The area A is a function of the curvilinear abscissa X measured along the neutral fiber F of the duct 14. In this embodiment, following the fluid flow in the duct 14 from the upstream downstream, the abscissa X is traversed conventionally in the decreasing direction: the fluid passes first through the air inlet 20 whose section is at the abscissa Xi; it then passes through the transition section at the abscissa Xt, and is ejected from the air sampling system at the outlet of the diffuser 24, at the abscissa X = 0.
    [0013] Thus, the inequality X1> Xt> 0. 3014 845 7 The transfer portion 22 serves to transport the fluid collected by the scoop 12 from the air inlet port to the diffuser 24; it may possibly have a relatively large length. It may also include one or more bifurcations, i.e., portions at which the conduit, upstream to downstream, divides into two or more conduits. The area A of the section of the transfer portion 22 is generally relatively constant, and preferably slightly increasing from upstream to downstream. In the example presented, the area A is constant in the transfer portion 22, from the abscissa Xi to the abscissa Xt. The transfer portion 22 has a rectangular section. In the transfer portion 22, the area A of the duct increases linearly and very gradually from the area Ai of the inlet orifice and up to the area At of the transition section, which constitutes the exit downstream of the transfer portion. The area of the transition section is preferably in the range of 1.03 A; at 1.09 A. Moreover, the width Lt of the transition section is equal to that LI of the inlet port and thus: Lt = Li. From the transition section, the fluid enters the transition section. diffuser 24, situated immediately downstream of the transfer portion 22. In the diffuser 24, the area A of the section of the duct 14 increases convexly as a function of the curvilinear abscissa X. It therefore grows much faster only in the transfer portion 22. The diffuser 24 extends downstream from the transfer portion 22. It has a flared horn shape for diffusing the jet of fluid in a relatively large solid angle given the relatively small section of the extraction duct. The diffuser has a section that evolves from a rectangular upstream shape (i.e., the shape of the transition section) to the elliptical shape of the outlet port section 25. The diffuser area A, expressed as a function of the curvilinear abscissa on a neutral fiber of the duct, only increases from upstream to downstream, from the area At of the transition section to the area Ao of the section of the duct. outlet port. The area A (x) of the diffuser section is a convex function. The curve which represents it therefore has a rounded upward portion, on the right side of Figure 5 between the curvilinear abscissa Xt (abscissa of the transition section) and X. (abscissa of the outlet orifice). This rounded upward shape is distinguished from the straight (ie forming a straight segment) form of the linear curve portion which represents the transfer portion, between the abscissa. With the fact that the area increases convexly, in the diffuser 24, the increase of the section occurs more slowly upstream than downstream, whereby the pressure gradient remains constant along the channel, thus reducing the pressure losses of the order of 40% compared to a rectilinear-walled diffuser, and the opening angle f3 is defined as being, in a meridian plane, the angle formed between the two straight lines (D1 and D2, Fig.4) passing through the end points of the outer side of the transition section and the outlet orifice, respectively on either side of the neutral fiber of the conduit. whatever the meridian plane, in the diffuser 24 the opening angle (3 between the straight lines D1 and D2 remains between 25 ° and 90 °.
    [0014] Furthermore, the shape of the wall of the diffuser 24 is defined as follows. The distance in the direction perpendicular to the neutral fiber of the duct between the wall and the neutral fiber of the duct, as a function of the curvilinear abscissa 'x', is substantially governed by the following equation: Y 1 ld 3/0) [ In which: x denotes the curvilinear abscissa along the neutral fiber of the duct, and is equal to Id at the upstream section of the diffuser, and 0 at the outlet orifice; y denotes the radial distance, in the meridian plane considered, with respect to the neutral fiber; y1 and y1 denote the radial distance respectively at the transition section upstream of the diffuser (X = Xt) and at the outlet orifice of the diffuser (X = 0). At the transition section, the shape of the conduit 14 is arranged to provide tangency and curvature continuity between the walls of the transfer portion and those of the diffuser. The value y1 is chosen so that the area A. of the outlet orifice 25 remains in the preferential range between 1.1 k and 10 Δt. This allows the ejection flow to be unstuck. that is to say, is not strongly turbulent in the vicinity of the walls of the diffuser 24. Finally, the term "ejection angle" is the limit angle that the neutral fiber of the diffuser to the outlet orifice of the conduit by relative to the wall 15 on which is fixed the sampling system. Preferably, the ejection angle is low, especially less than 30 °. As a result, the neutral fiber F of the duct also forms a small angle with respect to the wall in which the sampling system is arranged. The bottom 13 of the scoop 12 conventionally has an angle close to 7 ° relative to the wall on which is fixed the sampling system. (Fig.3). Although in the example presented, the extraction duct 14 has only one outlet orifice, the present invention can be realized with an extraction duct 14 having one or more branches and consequently a plurality of orifices. Release. In the latter case, the relationship between the area of the outlet section and the area of the inlet section of the duct 14 applies to the sum of the areas of the different outlets (rather than the area of one or other of the different outlets). The area ko of the accumulated section 30 of the outlet orifices then preferably satisfies: As, 1.1 * A, and / or As, 5 * 10 * 35
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A fluid sampling system (10) comprising an extraction conduit (14) adapted to direct fluid from an inlet (20) of said conduit to at least one outlet port of said conduit; the system being characterized in that at least a first outlet orifice is of substantially elliptical section (25).
    [0002]
    2. System (10) fluid sampling according to claim 1, wherein the conduit (14) comprises a portion (22), said transfer portion, a section has an area (A) which is substantially constant or believes substantially linear manner as a function of the curvilinear abscissa (X) on a neutral fiber (F) of the duct.
    [0003]
    The fluid sampling system (10) of claim 2, wherein the transfer portion (22) extends from the inlet port (20).
    [0004]
    4. System (10) fluid sampling according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conduit comprises a diffuser (24): which extends upstream from a section of the conduit called transition section up to an outlet orifice, and a section of which has an area (A) which increases convexly as a function of the curvilinear abscissa (X) on a neutral fiber of the duct, in the direction from upstream to downstream.
    [0005]
    The fluid sampling system (10) according to claims 2 and 4, wherein the diffuser (24) begins on the upstream side from the transfer portion.
    [0006]
    The fluid sampling system (10) according to claim 4 or 5, in the case where the extraction duct (14) has a single outlet orifice, wherein a width Lt of the transition section satisfies: 0, 95 * Li Lt 5_ 1.05 * L; where LI is the width of the section of the inlet port. 3014 84 5 11
    [0007]
    The fluid sampling system (10) according to any one of claims 4 to 6, in the case where the extraction duct (14) has a single outlet orifice, in which an area At of the transition section verifies: 1.03A At and / or At 1.09Ai, where Ai is an area of the inlet port section.
    [0008]
    The fluid sampling system (10) according to any one of claims 4 to 7, wherein an area A of the diffuser outlet orifice section verifies: 1.1 * At 5_A and / or A. 5_10 * At, where At is an area of the transition section.
    [0009]
    9. A fluid sampling system (10) according to any one of claims 4 to 8, wherein in any meridian plane, the opening angle (n), formed between the two lines passing respectively on each side of the neutral fiber of the duct by the external end points of the transition section and the outlet orifice of the diffuser is between 25 ° and 90 °. 20
    [0010]
    The fluid sampling system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an area Aso of the accumulated section of said at least one exit orifice satisfies: A ,. 1,1 * A and / or As. 5_ 10 * 25 where A is an area of the section of the inlet port.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20150167552A1|2015-06-18|
    FR3014845B1|2017-09-01|
    US9976480B2|2018-05-22|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
    2015-12-01| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2015-12-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-12-05| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-11-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2018-02-09| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES, FR Effective date: 20170717 |
    2019-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2020-11-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    2021-11-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 9 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1362684A|FR3014845B1|2013-12-16|2013-12-16|FLUID SAMPLING SYSTEM|FR1362684A| FR3014845B1|2013-12-16|2013-12-16|FLUID SAMPLING SYSTEM|
    US14/566,916| US9976480B2|2013-12-16|2014-12-11|Fluid intake system|
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