• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly (110), comprising: providing a proton exchange membrane comprising a first electrode (111) and a second electrode (112); placing a first reinforcement (131) with a covering portion (133) superimposed on the periphery of the membrane, and with an extension portion (135) of polymeric material extending laterally beyond the membrane; placing a second reinforcement (132) with a covering portion (134) superimposed on the periphery of the membrane, and with an extension portion (136) of this second laterally extending reinforcement beyond the membrane and superimposed on the extension portion of the first reinforcement; - applying a laser beam (20) on the superposition of the extension parts so as to define an opening (40) through the extension parts and to weld the extension parts.
    公开号:FR3014247A1
    申请号:FR1361815
    申请日:2013-11-29
    公开日:2015-06-05
    发明作者:Remi Vincent；Julien Tard；Denis Tremblay
    申请人:Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA；Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The invention relates to proton exchange membranes (PEMs for Proton Exchange Membrane in English), used for example in fuel cells or electrolysers. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Dihydrogen is used as fuel for the fuel cell. The dihydrogen is oxidized and ionized on one electrode of the cell and the oxygen of the air is reduced on another electrode of the cell. The chemical reaction produces water at the cathode, with oxygen being reduced and reacting with the protons. The great advantage of the fuel cell is to avoid releases of atmospheric pollutants to the place of generation of electricity. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells, called PEM, have particularly advantageous compactness properties. Each cell comprises an electrolyte membrane allowing only the passage of protons and not the passage of electrons. The membrane comprises an anode on a first face and a cathode on a second face to form a membrane / electrode assembly called AME. At the anode, dihydrogen is ionized to produce protons crossing the membrane. The electrons produced by this reaction migrate to a flow plate and then pass through an electrical circuit external to the cell to form an electric current. The fuel cell may comprise several cells, separated by so-called bipolar plates. The AME is arranged between two bipolar plates. Bipolar plates may include channels and orifices to guide reagents and products to / from the MEA. The plates are also electrically conductive to form electron collectors generated at the anode. The fuel cell assembly processes, and in particular the AME manufacturing processes, have a decisive importance on fuel cell performance and service life. US2008 / 0105354 discloses such a membrane / electrode assembly method for a fuel cell. The membrane / electrode assembly formed comprises reinforcements. Each reinforcement surrounds the electrodes. The reinforcements are formed from polymeric films and strengthen the membrane / electrode assembly, for example at the gas 40 and coolant inlet. The reinforcements have flow channels of the different fluids placed next to the flow channels of the flow plates. The reinforcements facilitate the manipulation of the membrane / electrode assembly to prevent its deterioration. The reinforcements also limit the dimensional variations of the membrane as a function of temperature and humidity. In practice, the reinforcements are superimposed on the periphery of the electrodes, in order to limit the gas permeation phenomenon at the origin of a deterioration of the membrane / electrode assembly. According to this method, a first reinforcement is made by first forming an opening in the middle portion of a polymer film. The first reinforcement comprises a pressure-sensitive adhesive on one side. A membrane / electrode assembly is recovered and the opening of the first reinforcement is placed directly above a first electrode. The first reinforcement covers the periphery of this first electrode. A second reinforcement identical to the first is reported. We just put the opening of this second reinforcement at the base of the second electrode. This second reinforcement covers the periphery of the second electrode. Two polymer films thus sandwich the edge of the membrane. Each of the polymer films comprises pressure-sensitive adhesive. The adhesive of each film is brought into contact with the adhesive of the other film, with one side of the edge of the membrane, and with the edge of an electrode.
    [0002] Hot pressing is then performed so that the adhesive: -solidarizes the reinforcements to the membrane and the edge of the electrodes; -solidarizes the reinforcements between them. Flow channels are then provided at the periphery of the reinforcements to allow fluid flows.
    [0003] First and second gaseous diffusion layers are then positioned in contact with the first and second electrodes respectively. For many reasons, the edge of the membrane does not extend to the edge of the external reinforcements. Indeed, it is possible to use a smaller surface membrane to reduce its cost without affecting its effectiveness. It also limits the risk of pollution of the active area of the membrane by capillary coolant from the openings in the reinforcement. The coolant is frequently a mixture of water and glycol. The adhesive of the reinforcing films then serves not only to guarantee the fixing of these films but also to seal between the coolant flow channels and the edge of the membrane, and to seal the gas crossing the gas diffusion layers.
    [0004] Such a process has several disadvantages, both for a fuel cell and for an electrolyser. The choice of the adhesive is essential. In addition the manufacturing process is relatively complex and requires many steps, likely to lead to scrapping the membrane / electrode assembly. Furthermore, for a fuel cell, the gas diffusion layers may be poorly positioned relative to the openings of the reinforcements. A gaseous diffusion layer may possibly overlap a seal of a flow channel, leading to leaks. To overcome this problem, the distance between the flow channels and the gaseous diffusion layers is frequently increased, to the detriment of the power density of the fuel cell. There is therefore a need for a method of manufacturing a reinforced membrane / electrode assembly, solving one or more of these disadvantages. The invention thus relates to a method for manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly, comprising: providing a proton exchange membrane comprising a first electrode on a first face and a second electrode on a second face; placing a first reinforcement so that a covering portion of this first reinforcement is superimposed on the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and so that an extension portion of the first polymer material reinforcement extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane; placing a second reinforcement so that an overlap portion of this second reinforcement is superimposed on the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and so that an extension portion of this second reinforcement extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane and is superimposed on the extension portion of the first reinforcement; maintaining a contact between the extension portions of the first and second unsecured reinforcements, and applying a laser beam to the superposition of the extension parts so as to define an opening through the extension parts and in order to weld the extension parts at the edge of this opening. According to one variant, the extension parts held in contact are devoid of adhesive. According to another variant, said polymer materials are selected from PET, PTFE, FEP, ETFE, PVF. In another variant, the faces of the extension parts held in contact have a roughness of less than 1 μm. According to yet another variant, said reinforcements have a thickness of between 25 and 100 μm, preferably between 40 and 60 μm. According to one variant, the applied laser beam has a power of between 50 and 150 W. According to another variant, the applied laser beam has a focal length of between 4 and 6 mm. According to another variant, the focal point of the applied laser beam is positioned between 1 and 3 mm above the superposition of the extension portions of the reinforcements. According to a further variant, the manufacturing method further comprises steps of: placing a gaseous diffusion layer in contact with the first electrode through a median opening of the covering portion of the first reinforcement; determining the position of a border of the gas diffusion layer with respect to the first reinforcement; Determining a cutting position of an aperture according to the determined position for the border of the gas diffusion layer; the said application of the laser beam being implemented to make said opening at the determined cutting position. According to one variant, the determination of the position of the border is preceded by a step of securing the gas diffusion layer to said first electrode. According to another variant, the method further comprises a step of applying a laser beam to the superposition of the extension parts so as to cut a peripheral contour through the extension parts and weld the parts together. extension at the edge of this peripheral contour. Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: FIGS. 1 to 6 illustrate various stages of an example of a method of manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly according to the invention, in the particular case of an application to a fuel cell; FIG. 7 is a view from above of a membrane / electrode assembly at the end of these steps. The invention will subsequently be described in detail in an exemplary method of manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly of an assembly intended in particular for a fuel cell. The invention is of course equally applicable to a method of manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly intended for other applications, for example in an electrolyser. In FIG. 1, a membrane / electrode assembly 110 is provided. The membrane / electrode assembly 110 comprises, in a manner known per se: a proton exchange membrane 113 or a polymer electrolyte membrane; a first electrode 111 (for example of the anode) disposed on a first face of the electrolyte 113; a second electrode 112 (for example the cathode) disposed on a second face of the electrolyte 113. The membrane 113 forms a semipermeable membrane allowing proton conduction while being impermeable to the gases present in the cell. The membrane 113 also prevents the passage of electrons between the electrodes 111 and 112. In this example, the periphery of the membrane 113 extends beyond the electrodes 111 and 112. In this example, the electrodes 111 and 112 are previously attached to the membrane 113, for example by means of one or more hot pressing steps. In FIG. 2, a first reinforcement 131 is attached. The reinforcement 131 has a covering portion 133 and an extension portion 135. A median opening 137 is here provided in the covering portion 133. The reinforcement 131 is positioned so that the covering portion 133 is superimposed on the periphery of the the diaphragm 113 and so that the extension portion 135 extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane 113. The reinforcement 131 is here also positioned so that the electrode 111 is accessible through the opening 137. In this example, the reinforcement 131 is in contact with both the membrane 113 and the electrode 111. It can also be provided that the covering portion 133 is in contact only with the membrane 113 or with the electrode 111. In FIG. 3, a second reinforcement 132 is attached. The reinforcement 132 has a covering portion 134 and an extension portion 136. An opening 138 is here provided in the covering portion 134. The reinforcement 132 is positioned so that the covering portion 134 is superimposed on the floor. Text.doc the periphery of the membrane and so that the extension portion 136 extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane 113. The reinforcement 132 is here also positioned so that the electrode 112 is accessible to through the median opening 138. In addition, the extension portion 136 is superimposed on the extension portion 135 of the reinforcement 131. In this example, the reinforcement 132 is in contact with both the membrane and the electrode. 112. It is also possible for the covering portion 134 to be in contact only with the membrane or with the electrode 112.
    [0005] In this method of manufacturing the membrane / electrode assembly 110 for a fuel cell, it is also advantageous to report a gas diffusion layer 21 (and optionally a gas diffusion layer 22 in contact with the electrode 112 through the median opening 138) in contact with the electrode 111 through the median opening 137, as illustrated in FIG. 4. The gas diffusion layer 21 may be secured to the electrode 111, for example by a pressing step in FIG. hot. In the case of such a hot pressing, it is advantageously possible to secure the covering parts 133 and 135 to the membrane 113 and / or to the electrodes 111, 112 respectively. Advantageously, the position of the edge of the gaseous diffusion layer 21 is determined with respect to the reinforcements 131. For example, the position of one or more corners of the gaseous diffusion layer 21 can be determined, for example by means of a camera. A position measurement by a camera typically makes it possible to obtain a measurement accuracy of the order of 100 μm. A position is then determined by calculation with respect to the determined position of the gas diffusion layer 21, to which one or more openings must be made through the extension portions of the reinforcements 131 and 132. The position of one or more For example, openings may be defined with a given offset with respect to the edge of the gaseous diffusion layer 21. Advantageously, the position is also determined with respect to the determined position of the gaseous diffusion layer 21, to which a peripheral contour of reinforcements 131 and 132 must be realized.
    [0006] Advantageously, the position of the gas diffusion layers 21 and 22 can be taken into account in order to determine the position of the openings and / or the peripheral contour. Thus, it is possible to adapt the position of the openings and the peripheral contour of the reinforcements 131 and 132, so that the gas diffusion layers 40 will not overlap joints placed in contact with the reinforcements 131 and 132, even in the presence of positioning dispersions. This positioning makes it possible to limit the distance between an opening and a gaseous diffusion layer during the design phase. The power density density of the membrane / electrode assembly is thus increased. In the step illustrated in Figure 5, the extension portions 135 and 136 are still independent. The extension parts 135 and 136 are held in contact by any appropriate means, for example by pneumatic actuators. The extension parts 135 and 136 held in contact are advantageously free of adhesive. A laser beam 20 is applied by a cutting head 2 on the superposition of the extension parts 135 and 136. Simultaneously, the laser beam 20 proceeds to: -cutting an opening 40 through the superposition of the parts of the extension 135 and 136; and welding the extension portions 135 and 136 at the edge of the opening 40. Where appropriate, the opening 40 is cut at a determined position with respect to the position of the edge of the gas diffusion layer. and / or 22. One or more openings 40 may be defined, for example for a coolant flow, for a flow of a gaseous reactant (or a liquid to be electrolyzed for an electrolyzer), or for the passage of centering elements with respect to a stack of membrane / electrode assemblies. Such a method can significantly reduce the number of steps in the manufacturing process to secure the reinforcements 131 and 132 and to obtain a seal at the edge of the openings 40. Moreover, this method makes it possible to dispense with the use of adhesive to mutually reinforce the reinforcements 131 and 132 and seal the edges of the apertures 40. The absence of adhesive makes it possible to reduce the manufacturing cost of the membrane / electrode assembly 110 and also allows to avoid applying solvents of an adhesive on the reinforcements 131 and 132. Moreover, unlike the case of the use of an adhesive, the production of the openings 40 in such a process does not weaken the bonding between the reinforcements 131 and 132, and the joining of the reinforcements 131 and 132 does not alter the geometry of the openings 40 with a possible overflow of adhesive. Furthermore, it may be noted that the greater the number of openings 40, the greater the mechanical strength of the connection between the reinforcements 131 and 132 is important. In the step illustrated in FIG. 6, the extension portions 135 and 136 are still held in contact. The laser beam 20 is applied by the head of ICG10893 EN Depot Text.doc cutout 2 on the superposition of the extension parts 135 and 136. Simultaneously, the laser beam 20 proceeds: -to the cutting of a peripheral contour 140 through the superposition of extension portions 135 and 136; and at welding the extension portions 135 and 136 at the edge of the peripheral contour 140. Thus, a seal is obtained over the entire peripheral contour 140 of the reinforcements 131 and 132 during the step of cutting this peripheral contour 140.
    [0007] Where appropriate, the peripheral contour 140 is cut at a predetermined position with respect to the position of the border of the gas diffusion layer 21 and / or 22. FIG. 7 is a top view of an example of a membrane assembly / electrodes 110 at the end of the cutting of the peripheral contour 140.
    [0008] In the example, the peripheral contour 140 is provided posteriorly to the opening 40. However, it can also be envisaged that the peripheral contour 140 is made prior to the production of one or more openings 40.
    [0009] The reinforcements 131 and 132 reinforce the membrane / electrode assembly, particularly at the gas and cooling liquid inlets, materialized by openings 40. The reinforcements 131 and 132 also facilitate the handling of the membrane / electrode assembly 110 when assembling a stack of a fuel cell. The reinforcements 131 and 132 also limit the dimensional variations of the membrane 113 as a function of temperature and humidity. The welded extension portions 135 and 136 limit the gas permeation phenomenon causing deterioration of the membrane / electrode assembly. Indeed, the openings 40 are formed in the extension portions 135 and 136 and not through the membrane 113. The extension parts 135 and 136 are made of polymer material 35 to allow cutting and welding by the beam 20. Advantageously, the polymer materials are chosen from PET, PTFE, FEP, ETFE, PVF (whose trade name is Tedlar). The reinforcement 131 and / or the reinforcement 132 can of course be made in one piece of the same material.
    [0010] The reinforcements 131 and 132 used advantageously have the following properties: a thickness between 20 and 100 μm, preferably between 40 and 60 μm, and preferably 50 μm. Tests have shown that such thicknesses are particularly suitable for promoting cutting and welding by the laser beam 20; a roughness less than 3 μm, preferably less than 1 μm. Tests have shown that such a roughness favored welding around the openings 40 made. A laser beam with a power of between 50 and 150 W, and preferably equal to 100 W is particularly advantageous for performing the cutting / welding steps at the edges of the openings 40 and / or the peripheral contour 140. concentration of the laser beam 20 is advantageously placed at a distance between 6 and 8 mm from the superposition of the extension portions 135 and 136, while maintaining the same focal length of the beam, so that the cutting area of the beam is widened. The focal length of the beam may for example be between 4 and 6mm. Such a distance between the concentration lens and the superposition of the extension portions 135 and 136 is greater than the distance usually used for cutting a polymer film, which is usually equal to the focal length of the laser beam 20. Advantageously, the focal point of the laser beam 20 is positioned between 1 and 3 mm above the superposition of the extension portions 135 and 136. It is also possible to use the following inequality: 1.2 * Df <Dl <1, 5 * Df, with Df the focal length of the laser beam 20 and Dl the distance between the concentration lens and the superposition. Such parameters favor the welding of the extension portions 135 and 136 at the cutting edge. ICG10893 EN Depot Text.doc
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method of manufacturing a membrane / electrode assembly (110), comprising: providing a proton exchange membrane having a first electrode (111) on a first face and a second electrode (112) on a second face; placing a first reinforcement (131) so that a covering portion (133) of this first reinforcement is superimposed on the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and so that an extension portion (135) ) of the first polymeric material reinforcement extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane; placing a second reinforcement (132) so that a covering portion (134) of this second reinforcement is superimposed on the periphery of the proton exchange membrane, and so that an extension portion (136) ) of this second reinforcement extends laterally beyond the proton exchange membrane and is superimposed on the extension portion of the first reinforcement; -maintaining a contact between the extension portions (134, 136) of the first and second unsecured reinforcements, and applying a laser beam (20) to the superposition of the extension portions so as to define an opening (40) through the extension parts and so as to weld the extension parts at the edge of this opening.
    [0002]
    The manufacturing method according to claim 1, wherein the extension portions (134,136) held in contact are free of adhesive.
    [0003]
    3. The manufacturing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said polymeric materials are selected from PET, PTFE, FEP, ETFE, PVF.
    [0004]
    4. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the faces of the extension parts (134,136) maintained in contact have a roughness of less than 1 .mu.m. 35
    [0005]
    5. Manufacturing process according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein said reinforcements (131,132) have a thickness of between 25 and 100 pm, preferably between 40 and 60 pm. 40
    [0006]
    6. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam (20) applied has a power between 50 and 150 W. ICG10893 EN Depot Text.doc
    [0007]
    7. Manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the laser beam (20) applied has a focal length of between 4 to 6 mm.
    [0008]
    8. Manufacturing method according to claim 7, wherein the focal point of the laser beam (20) applied is positioned between 1 and 3 mm above the superposition of the extension portions (134,136) of the reinforcements.
    [0009]
    The manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising steps of: placing a gas diffusion layer (21) in contact with the first electrode (111) through a central opening (137); ) the covering portion (133) of the first reinforcement (131); determining the position of a border of the gas diffusion layer (21) with respect to the first reinforcement (131); determining a cutting position of an opening as a function of the determined position for the edge of the gas diffusion layer (21); the said application of the laser beam (20) being implemented to make said opening (40) at the determined cutting position.
    [0010]
    10. Manufacturing method according to claim 9, wherein the determination of the position of the edge is preceded by a step of securing the gas diffusion layer (21) to said first electrode (111).
    [0011]
    The manufacturing method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a step of applying a laser beam (20) to the superposition of the extension portions so as to cut a peripheral contour (140) across the extension parts and so as to weld the extension parts at the edge of this peripheral contour. ICG10893 EN Depot Text.doc
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    法律状态:
    2015-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2016-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2017-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
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