• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A generator (10) comprising a rotor (50), at least one magnet (51) arranged to rotate about a rotation axis (X) of the rotor (50) in response to the rotation of the rotor (50), an inductance coil unit (60) comprising at least one inductance coil (61) at an area of an influence of the moving magnet (51) for inducing electromotive force in response to the movement of the magnet (51) relative to the inductance coil (61), and at least one flow channel unit (40) for conveying a fluid flow to the rotor (50) for operating the rotor (50).
    公开号:FI20196030A1
    申请号:FI20196030
    申请日:2019-11-28
    公开日:2021-05-29
    发明作者:Jarmo Järvinen；Reijo Waldén
    申请人:Rwj Motors Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    GENERATOR
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a generator for generating electrical energy.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION A generator or an electric generator is an electric machine that converts mechanical kinetic energy or motion energy to electric current.
    A generator comprises a rotor, a number of magnetic elements or mag- nets and a number of inductance coils. The magnetic element and the inductance coils may be arranged in the generator in different ways but the basic principle of — the operation of the generator is that at least one of the at least one magnetic ele- ment and the at least one inductance coil are rotated relative to each other whereby electromotive force, i.e. voltage, is induced in the at least one inductance coil in re- sponse to the rotation of the at least one inductance coil in the magnetic field pro- vided by the at least one magnetic element when the rotor rotates. The voltage in- duced in the at least one inductance coil causes the electric current in response for connecting the at least one inductance coil to a closed electric circuit.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a novel generator.
    The invention is characterized by the features of the independent claim.
    The invention is based on the idea of using a fluid flow to directly oper- ate a rotor of a generator, the rotor being arranged to rotate relative to the flow channel unit in a floating bearing manner.
    An advantage of the invention is a high coefficient of the efficiency of the > generator because of converting the kinetic energy of the fluid flow straight to a N 25 rotational movement of the rotor in the generator with minimal losses of energy due to very low coefficient of friction of the solution.
    2 Some embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the dependent I claims.
    a 3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 3 30 In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by > means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which Figure 1a shows schematically a side view of a generator;
    Figure 1b shows schematically a top view of the generator of Figure 1a; Figure 1c shows schematically a cross sectional side view of the gener- ator of Figures 1a and 1b along the line A - A in Figure 1b; Figure 1d shows schematically a cross-sectional top view of the gener- ator of Figures 1a and 1b along the line B — B in Figure 1a; Figure 2a shows schematically a side view of a power generating unit of the generator of Figures 1a to 1d; Figure 2b shows schematically the power generating unit of Figure 2a as seen obliquely from above; Figure 2c shows schematically a top view of the power generating unit of Figures 2a and 2b; Figure 2d shows schematically a bottom view of the power generating unit of Figures 2a and 2b; Figure 3a shows schematically a bottom view of the flow channel unit of the power generating unit of Figures 2a to 2d; Figure 3b shows schematically a side view of the flow channel unit of Figure 3a; Figure 3c shows schematically a cross-sectional side view of the flow channel unit of Figures 3a and 3b along the line C - C in Figure 3a; Figure 3d shows schematically the flow channel unit of Figures 3a to 3c as seen obliquely from above; Figure 4a shows schematically a top view of the rotor of the power gen- erating unit of Figures 2a to 2d; Figure 4b shows schematically the rotor of Figure 4a as seen obliquely from above; > Figure 4c shows schematically a cross-sectional side view of the rotor D of Figures 4a and 4b along the line D - D in Figure 4a; and = Figure 4d shows schematically a side view of the rotor of Figures 4a to o 4c. N 30 For the sake of clarity, the figures show some embodiments of the in- E vention in a simplified manner. Like reference numerals identify like elements in o the figures. 2
    O DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION N Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a generator 10, Figure 1b is a sche- matic top view of the generator 10 of Figure 1a, Figure 1c is a schematic cross sectional side view of the generator 10 of Figures 1a and 1b along the line A - Ain Figure 1b and Figure 1d is a schematic cross-sectional top view of the generator 10 of Figures 1a and 1b along the line B - B in Figure 1a. Figures 1a to 1d disclose only one possible embodiment of the generator 10, other embodiments of the generator 10, however, being possible according to the disclosed solution. It is notified herein that any possible term referring to a “top” of the generator 10 or any part thereof, a “bottom” of the generator 10 or any part thereof and a “side” of the generator 10 or any part thereof refers only to the position or attitude of the generator 10 or any part thereof in the attached drawings. The actual position of the generator 10 in use may be selected freely.
    The generator 10 has an axial direction X and in the axial direction X a first end 10a and a second end 10b. The axial direction X denotes also a centre axis of the generator 10. A radial direction R of the generator 10 is a direction substan- tially transverse to the axial direction X. The generator 10 comprises a frame 20 and a power generating unit 30 supported to the frame 20. The power generating unit 30 is intended to convert a kinetic energy of at least one fluid flow supplied into the generator 10 to the electric energy.
    The frame 20 has an axial direction that substantially coincides with the axial direction X of the generator 10. Therefore, the axial direction of the frame 20 and a centre axis of the frame 20 may also be denoted with the reference sign X.
    The frame 20 comprises a first end plate 21 at the first end 10a of the generator 10 and a second end plate 22 at the second end 10b of the generator 10, the second end plate 22 thus being at a distance from the first end plate 21 in the axial direc- tion X of generator 10. The first end plate 21 provides a first end 20a of the frame 20thatin the embodiment of the generator 10 in the Figures provides the first end > 10a of the generator 10, and the second end plate 22 provides a second end 20b of D the frame 20 that in the embodiment of the generator 10 in the Figures provides = the second end 10b of the generator 10.
    o The frame 20 further comprises a number of support rods 23, in the N 30 embodiment of the Figures altogether four supportrods 23, running substantially E parallel to the axial direction X between the first end plate 21 and the second end o plate 22. The supportrods 23 fastens the first end plate 21 and the second end plate 3 22 to each other such thata space 24 for accommodating the power generating unit 2 30 is provided by the first end plate 21, the second end plate 22 and the support N 35 rods23. Figure 2a is a schematic side view of the power generating unit 30 of the generator 10 in Figures 1a to 1d, Figure 2b shows schematically the power gener- ating unit 30 of Figure 2a as seen obliquely from above; Figure 2c is a schematic top view of the power generating unit 30 of Figures 2a and 2b and Figure 2d is a schematic bottom view of the power generating unit 30 of Figures 2a and 2b.
    The power generating unit 30 has an axial direction that substantially coincides with the axial direction X of the generator 10. Therefore, the axial direc- tion of the power generating unit 30 and a centre axis of the power generating unit 30 may also be denoted with the reference sign X. The power generating unit 30 has, in the axial direction X thereof, a first end 30a facing towards the first end 10a of the generator 10 and a second end 30b facing towards the second end 10b of the generator 10. A radial direction R of the power generating unit 30 is a direction substantially transverse to the axial direction X.
    The power generating unit 30 has a stationary flow channel unit 40, a rotatable rotor 50 provided with a number of magnets 51 and a stationary induct- ance coil unit 60 provided with a number of inductance coils 61, the flow channel unit 40, the rotor 50 and the inductance coil unit 60 being arranged substantially consecutively to each other in the axial direction X of the power generating unit 30, and wherein the rotor 50 is, in the embodiment of the Figures, arranged at least partly around the flow channel unit 40. Other embodiments, wherein the rotor 50 is notat least partly arranged around the flow channel unit 40 are, however, possi- ble. The flow channel unit 40 is arranged to convey at least one fluid flow to the rotor for causing the rotor 50 to operate, i.e. to rotate. In response to a rotation of the rotor 50, the at least one magnet 51 arranged to the rotor 50 also rotates along at least one respective circumferential path about the centre axis X of the power generating unit 30. The rotation of the at least one magnet 51 along with the rotat- > ing rotor 50 is arranged to provide a magnetic field rotating in respect of the in- D ductance coils 61 in the stationary inductance coil unit 60, thus causing electromo- = tive force, i.e. voltage, being induced in the inductance coils 61. o The power generating unit 30 is fastened to the first end plate 21 of the N 30 frame 20 of the generator 10 by fastening bolts 25 (e.g. Figure 1c) inserted into E respective fastening openings 41 in the flow channel unit 40 (e.g. Figures 1c, 2d and o 3c). Other fastening means may also be provided. The flow channel unit 40 is thus 3 fixed to the frame 20 of the generator 10 such that the flow channel unit 40 is sta- 2 tionary. The inductance coil unit 60 is supported to the second end plate 22 of the N 35 frame 20 such that the inductance coil unit 60 is stationary. The rotor 50, that is arranged to be operated in response to fluid flow flowing to the rotor 50, is thus the only rotating part in the power generating unit 30. The power generating unit 30 thus consists of three main parts, i.e. the flow channel unit 40, the rotor 50 and the inductance coil unit 60, of which parts two parts, i.e. the flow channel unit 40 and the inductance coil 60, are stationary and only one part, i.e. the rotor 50, is a 5 rotating part.
    The construction of the flow channel unit 40, the rotor 50 and the inductance coil unit 60 and the operation of the power generating unit 30 are dis- closed in more detail next.
    Figure 3a is a schematic bottom view of the flow channel unit 40 of the power generating unit 30 of Figures 2a to 2d, Figure 3b is a schematic side view of the flow channel unit 40 of Figure 3a, Figure 3c is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the flow channel unit 40 of Figures 3a and 3b along the line C - C in Figure 3a and Figure 3d shows schematically the flow channel unit 40 of Figures 3a to 3c as seen obliquely from above.
    The flow channel unit 40 has an axial direction that substantially coincides with the axial direction X of the generator 10 and of the — power generating unit 30. Therefore, the axial direction of the flow channel unit 40 and a centre axis of the flow channel unit 40 may also be denoted with the reference sign X.
    A radial direction R of the flow channel unit 40 is a direction substantially transverse to the axial direction X.
    The flow channel unit 40 has, in the axial direction X thereof, a first end 40a intended to face towards the first end 10a of the generator 10 or the first end plate 21 of the frame 20 of the generator 10, the first end 40a of the flow channel unit 40 providing the first end 30a of the power generating unit 30. Furthermore, the flow channel unit 40 has, in the axial direction X thereof a second end 40b in- tended to face towards the second end 30a of the power generating unit 30 or to- wards the rotor 50. > At the second end 40b of the flow channel unit 40 there is a chamber 42 D having a shape of a truncated cone extending towards the first end 40a of the flow = channel unit 40, a first end 42a of the chamber 42 having a smaller diameter and o being directed towards the first end 40a of the flow channel unit 40 and a second N 30 = end 42b of the chamber 42 having a larger diameter and being directed towards E the second end 40b of the flow channel unit 40 or towards the rotor 50. The first o end 42a of the chamber 42 is a substantially planar circular plate the centre of 3 which substantially coincides with the centre axis X of the flow channel unit 40. The 2 second end 42b of the chamber 42 is substantially open circle facing towards the N 35 second end 40b of the flow channel unit 40, i.e. towards the rotor 50, a centre of the second end 42b of the chamber 42 substantially coinciding with the centre axis
    X of the flow channel unit 40.
    The flow channel unit 40 comprises a channel system intended to direct at least one fluid flow received by the flow channel unit 40 towards the rotor 50 to operate the rotor 50. The channel system of the flow channel unit 40 of Figures 3a to 3d comprises substantially at the first end 40a of the flow channel unit 40 atleast one first inlet flow channel 43 and at least one second inlet flow channel 45 that is, in the radial direction R of the flow channel unit 40, farther away from a centre of the flow channel unit 40 than the at least one first inlet flow channel 43. The at least one first inlet flow channel 43 and the at least one second inlet flow channel 45 are intended to receive into the flow channel unit 40 at least one fluid flow for operat- ing the rotor 50. In the embodiment of the Figures there is one first inlet flow chan- nel 43 and six pieces of second inlet channels 45 arranged to surround the first inlet flow channel 43.
    The channel system of the flow channel unit 40 comprises a set of first — sub-channels 44 (e.g. Figures 3a, 3c, 3d) extending from the first inlet flow channel 43 up to the chamber 42, each first sub-channel 44 having an inlet opening 44a at the first inlet flow channel 43 and an outlet opening 44b at the first end 42a of the chamber 42, the outlet opening 44b extending through the plate providing the first end 42a of the chamber 42. The number of the first sub-channels 44 in the embod- iment of the Figures is seven but this number may vary from one to more depend- ing on for example the size or nominal power of the power generating unit 30. The fluid flow provided through the first sub-channels 44 is intended to provide a small gap G1 or clearance between the flow channel unit 40 and the rotor 50 in order to allow the rotor 50 to float in the fluid flow and to rotate substantially freely, i.e. almost friction-free or at very low total efficient of the friction, relative to the flow > channel unit 40 as explained in more detail later. D The channel system of the flow channel unit 40 further comprises a set = of second sub-channels 46 (e.g. Figures 1d, 3b, 3c, 3d) extending from the second o inlet flow channels 45 up to the outer circumference of the flow channel unit 40 N 30 substantially at the second end 40b of the flow channel unit 40, each second sub- E channel 46 having an inlet opening 46a at the second inlet flow channel 45 and an o outlet opening 46b at the outer circumference of the flow channel unit 40 substan- 3 tially at the second end 40b of the flow channel unit 40, in the axial direction X of 2 the flow channel unit 40, at a position of the flow channel unit 40 to be surrounded N 35 by the rotor 50. In the embodiment of the Figures the second sub-channels 46 are thus arranged to extend in at least partly radial direction R such that the outlet openings 46b of the second sub-channels 46 are arranged at an outer periphery of the flow channel unit 40, at the position of the rotor 50, in the axial direction X of the flow channel unit 40. The number of the second sub-channels 46 in the embodiment of the Figures is six, corresponding to the number of the second inlet flow channels 45, but this number may vary from one to more depending on for example the size or nominal power of the power generating unit 30. The fluid flow provided through the second sub-channels 46 is intended to cause the rotor 50 to rotate around its rotation axis, i.e. around the centre axis X of the rotor 50.
    Figures 3a to 3d and the description above disclose only one possible embodiment of the flow channel unit 40, other embodiments of the flow channel unit 40, however, being possible.
    Figure 4a is a schematic top view of the rotor 50 of the power generating unit 30 of Figures 2a to 2d, Figure 4b shows schematically the rotor 50 of Figure 4a as seen obliquely from above, Figure 4c is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the rotor 50 of Figures 4a and 4b along the line D - D in Figure 4a, and Figure 4d shows schematically a side view of the rotor 50 of Figures 4a to 4c. The rotor 50 has an axial direction that substantially coincides with the axial direction X of the generator 10 and of the power generating unit 30. Therefore, the axial direction of therotor 50 and a centre axis of the rotor 50, providing a fictitious rotating axis of the rotor 50, may also be denoted with the reference sign X. A radial direction R of the rotor 50 is a direction substantially transverse to the axial direction X.
    The rotor 50 has, in the axial direction X thereof, a first end plate 52 forming a first end 50a of the rotor 50, the first end 50a of the rotor 50 facing to- wards the first end 30a of the power generating unit 30 and the second end 40a of > the flow channel unit 40. Furthermore, the rotor 50 has, in the axial direction X D thereof, a second end plate 53 facing towards the second end 30b of the power = generating unit 30 or towards the inductance coil unit 60. o The first end plate 52 of the rotor 50 comprises an opening 54 ata cen- N 30 —treareaofthefirstend plate 52. The second end plate 53 of the rotor 50 comprises, E at a centre area of the second end plate 53, an extension 55 internal in the rotor 50 o and having a shape of a truncated cone extending from the second end plate 53, i.e. 3 from the second end 50b of the rotor 50, towards the opening 54 in the first end 2 plate 52, i.e. towards the first end 50a of the rotor 50. The extension 55 has a first N 35 end 55a with a smaller diameter and being directed towards the flow channel unit 40 and a second end 55b with larger diameter and being directed away from the flow channel unit 40, i.e. towards the second end of the rotor 50 or the inductance coil unit 60.
    The first end 55a of the extension 55 is a substantially planar, circular, solid plate the centre of which substantially coincides with the centre axis X of the rotor 50. The second end 55b of the extension 55 is substantially closed part of the second end plate 53 of the rotor 50, a centre of the second end 55b of the extension 55 substantially coinciding with the centre axis X of the rotor 50.
    The shape and dimensions of the extension 55 in the rotor 50 is ar- ranged such that it provides a counterpart with the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit40, whereby the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit 40 is able to atleast partly receive or accommodate the extension 55 in the rotor 50. The first end 55a of the extension 55 in the rotor 50 provides a counterpart surface for the first end 42a of the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit 40. Around the extension 55 in the rotor 50 there is an open space 56 which is intended to receive or accommodate the up- — per part of the outer circumference of the flow channel unit 40 when the power generating unit 30 is assembled.
    The rotor 50 further comprises a number of wings 57 (e.g. Figures 1d, 4b) providing a wing ring 58, the wing ring 58 thus being provided by a number of wings 57 following to each other at a distance from each other in the circumferen- tial direction of the rotor 50. The wing ring 58 has an inner circumference 58a be- ing substantially defined by an outer circumference of the open space 56 surround- ing the extension 55, and an outer circumference 58b being substantially defined by an outer circumference of the rotor 50. The wings 57 are arranged to extend in the axial direction of the rotor 50 from the first end plate 52 up to the second end plate 53 and in a radial direction of the rotor 50, i.e. in the direction that is substan- > tially transverse to the axial direction X of the rotor 50, in a curved manner from D the inner circumference 58a of the wing ring 58 towards the outer circumference = 58b of the wingring 58. o The neighbouring wings 57 in the circumferential direction of the wing N 30 ring 58 define therebetween a number of rotor flow channels 59 extending from E the direction of the inner circumference 58a of the wingring 58 towards the outer o circumference 58b of the wing ring 58 in a curved manner. Each flow channel 59 3 has an inlet opening 59a substantially at the inner circumference 58a of the wing 2 ring 58 and an outlet opening 59b substantially at the outer circumference 58b of N 35 the wing ring 58. The number of the rotor flow channels 59 in the embodiment of the Figures is eight but may vary depending on for example the size or nominal power of the power generating unit 30.
    At the second end plate 53 of the rotor 50, at the second end 55b of the extension 55 there is a magnet fastening frame 51’ provided with a number of mag- nets 51. In the embodiment of Figures there are altogether four magnets 51 but this number may vary from one to more depending on for example the size or nominal power of the power generating unit 30. The magnets 51 could also be arranged straight to the second end plate 53 of the rotor 50 but using the magnet fastening frame 51’ a set of magnets 51 may be changed easily.
    Figures 4a to 4d and the description above disclose only one possible embodiment of the rotor 50, other embodiments of the rotor 50, however, being possible, for example in view of the wing construction thereof.
    Referring back to Figures 2a to 2d, the inductance coil unit 60 has an axial direction that substantially coincides with the axial direction X of the genera- tor 10. Therefore, the axial direction of the inductance coil unit 60 and a centre axis of the inductance coil unit 60 may also be denoted with the reference sign X. The inductance coil unit 60 has, in the axial direction X thereof, a first end 60a facing towards the second end 50b of the rotor 50 and a second end 60b facing towards the second end 10b of the generator 10, i.e. towards the second end plate 22 of the frame 20 of the generator 10. The second end 60b of the inductance coil unit 60 thus corresponds to the second end 30b of the power generating unit 30. A radial direction R of the inductance coil unit 60 is a direction substantially transverse to the axial direction X.
    The inductance coil unit 60 has a frame 62 to be supported to the second end plate 22 of the frame 20 of the generator 10. The frame 62 of the inductance coil unit 60 comprises a number of support rods 63 extending towards the first end > 60a of the inductance coil unit 60, i.e. towards the second end 50b of the rotor 50 D in the assembled power generation unit 30. The supportrods 63 provide support = elements that support the inductance coils 61 such that the inductance coils 61 re- o main stationary in the inductance coil unit 60. The inductance coils 61 are arranged N 30 atthe supportrods 63 in such a way that the inductance coils 61 are at an area of E an influence of the magnets 51 rotating with the rotor 50 but at a small distance o apart from the magnets 51 in the rotor 50 such that the magnets 51 are allowed to 3 freely rotate relative to the stationary inductance coils 61. In other words, there is 2 a small gap G2 or clearance between the inductance coils 61 and the magnets 51. N 35 Inresponse to the magnets 51 rotating relative to the inductance coils 61 electro- motive force, i.e. voltage, is induced in the inductance coils 61.
    When the electrical power outputs are connected to provide closed electric circuit (not shown for the sake of clarity), the voltage induced in the induct- ance coils 61 provides the electric current output from the generator 10. The num- ber of the inductance coils 61 in the embodiment of the Figures is three but this number may vary from one to more depending on for example the size or nominal power of the power generating unit 30. Figures and the description above disclose only one possible embodi- ment of the inductance coil unit 60, other embodiments of the inductance coil unit 60, however, being possible.
    The generator 10 and the power generating unit 30 thereof of the Fig- ures may be assembled, in the position shown in the Figures, as follows.
    The rotor 50 is set on top of the flow channel unit 40 such that the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit 40 receives the extension 55 in the rotor 50, and the first end 42a of the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit 40 and the first end 55a of the extension 55intherotor 50 set substantially opposite to each other.
    The rotor 50 is therefore arranged at least partly around the second end 40a of the flow channel unit 40 such that the inlet openings 59a of the rotor flow channels 59 coincide in the axial direc- tion X of the power generating unit 30 with the outlet openings 46b of the second sub-channels 46 in the flow channel unit 40. Thereafter the flow channel unit 40 together with the rotor 50 is fastened to the first end plate 21 of the frame 20 of the generator 10 for example by fastening bolts 25, and the support rods 23 are also fastened to the first end plate 21 of the frame 20. The assembly may be contin- ued by fastening the inductance coil unit 60 to the second end plate 22 of the frame 20 of the generator 10 and thereafter by fastening the inductance coil unit 60 with — the second end plate 22 of the frame 20 to the supportrods 23 such that a small > gap G2 (Figure 1c) is left in the axial direction X of the power generating unit 30 D between the magnets 51 in therotor 50 and the inductance coils 61 in the induct- = ance coil unit 60. Other assembling orders are, however, possible. o The operation of the generator 10 of the Figures is as follows.
    N 30 The fluid flow, shown schematically in Figure 1c with arrows denoted E with reference sign F, is conveyed into the flow channel unit 40 at the first end 40a o of the flow channel unit 40 through an opening in the first end plate 21 of the frame 3 20 indicated schematically with broken lines.
    In the flow channel unit 40 a portion 2 of the fluid flow F will flow into the first sub-channels 44 through the inlet openings N 35 44a of the first sub-channels 44 and further through the first sub-channels 44 into the chamber 42 through the outlet openings 44b of the first sub-channels 44. The portion of the fluid flow flowing through the first sub-channels 44 into the chamber 42, as shown schematically in Figure 1c with an arrow denoted with the reference sign F44, is arranged to provide in the chamber 42 a pressure effect between the first end 42a of the chamber 42 in the flow channel unit 40 and the first end 55a of the extension 55 in the rotor 50. This pressure effect causes the rotor 50 in the axial direction X to move a little bit or a small distance away from the flow channel unit 40 such thata small gap G1, the position of which is denoted schematically in Figure 1c with an arrow G1, will appear between the flow channel unit 40 and the rotor
    50.
    In the flow channel unit 40 a portion of the fluid flow F will flow into the second sub-channels 46 through the inlet openings 46a, and through the second sub-channels 46 and the outlet openings 46b thereof tangentially further into the rotor flow channels 59 in the rotor 50 through the inlet openings 59a of the rotor flow channels 59, as shown schematically in Figure 1c with an arrow denoted with — thereference sign F46. Furthermore the fluid flow F46 flows through the rotor flow channels 59 and the outlet openings 59b of the rotor flow channels 59 out of the rotor 50, in a substantially radial direction R of the rotor, causing the rotor 50 to rotate due to the interaction between the pressure of the fluid flow F46 and the wings 57 in the rotor 50. The positioning of the outlet openings 46b of the second — sub-channels 46 on the outer circumference of the flow channel unit 40 and the number of the second sub-channels 46 in the flow channel unit 40 and the number of the rotor flow channels 59 is selected such that even if in the power generating unit 30 the number of the second sub-channels 46 in the flow channel unit 40 and the number of the rotor flow channels 59 may deviate from each other, there is — always, during the operation of the power generating unit 30, at least some second > sub-channels 46 in the flow channel unit 40 that are in flow contact with at least D some rotor flow channels 59 in the rotor 50, thus providing a constant operation = of the rotor 50. o In the power generating unit 30 disclosed above the same fluid flow is N 30 utilized both to provide the pressure effect between the flow channel unit 40 and E rotor 50 causing the rotor 50 to remain, i.e. to float, at a small distance from the o flow channel unit 40 in the axial direction X of the power generating unit 30, as well 3 as to rotate the rotor 50. The pressure effect between the flow channel unit 40 and 2 rotor 50 causing the rotor 50 to remain, i.e. to float, at a small distance from the N 35 flow channel unit 40 in the axial direction X of the power generating unit 30 de- creases friction between the flow channel unit 40 and the rotor 50, allowing the rotor 40 to rotate substantially or almost friction-free, i.e. at very low total coeffi- cient of friction, about the flow channel unit 40. This solution thus provides a so- called floating bearing solution in the generator 10. This increases the coefficient of the efficiency in respect of traditional bearing solutions utilized in prior art gen- — erators, the operation and construction being, however, simple.
    When the rotor 50 rotates, the magnets 51 rotate in response to the ro- tation of the rotor 50, the magnets 51 thereby rotating relative to the inductance coils 61 and causing electromotive force, i.e. voltage, being induced in the induct- ance coils 61. When the electrical power outputs for the inductance coils 61 are connected to provide closed electric circuit (not shown for the sake of clarity), the voltage, induced in the inductance coils 61 provides the electric current output from the generator 10.
    According to an embodiment the inductance coil unit 61 may be equipped with a servo motor arrangement comprising at least one servomotor so — as to control the size of the gap G2 between the magnets 51 and the inductance coils 61, and thereby indirectly also to control the size of the gap G1 between the flow control unit 40 and the rotor 50, based on the electromagnetic forces affecting between the magnets 51 and the inductance coils 61 when the power generating unit 30 is operating. Additionally, or alternatively, the size of the gap G1 between — the flow control unit 40 and the rotor 50 may take place by controlling the fluid rate and/or pressure intended to cause the rotor 50 to float. Figure 1a, for example, discloses schematically control means 26, 27 intended to control the fluid rates and/or pressures of the fluid flows causing the rotor to float and rotate. The control of the size of the gap G2 between the magnets 51 and the inductance coils 61, and — thereby indirectly also to control the size of the gap G1 between the flow control > unit 40 and the rotor 50, or vice versa, and other possible controls applied in the D generator, may take place by computer-aided means.
    = The fluid flow F may for example be, but not limited to, an air flow, a o steam flow, an exhaust gas flow or liguid flow with a sufficient pressure, or a pres- N 30 — surized flow of atleast one of the air flow, the steam flow, the exhaust gas flow and E liguid flow. The fluid flow F may thus also be a mixture of at least one of the air o flow, the steam flow, the exhaust gas flow and liguid flow. The fluid flow F may take 3 place gaseous, supercritical or heterogeneous fluid phase. In the case of the fluid 2 flow F being the air flow, the air flow may be an air flow due to a wind, whereby the N 35 generator 10 may be utilized in the wind turbines, for example. The air flow may also be a pressurized air flow in an industrial pressurized air system, for example.
    In the case of the fluid flow F being the steam flow, the steam flow may originate from an engine or a system generating the steam flow. In the case of the fluid flow F being the exhaust gas flow, the exhaust gas flow may originate from an engine or a system generating the exhaust gas. In the case of the fluid flow F not having a — pressure high enough for properly operating the power generating unit 30, a pres- sure increasing arrangement, comprising for example a number of adjustable jet nozzles, for increasing the pressure of the fluid flow F may be arranged at the inlet of the flow channel unit 40. A typical pressure of the fluid flow F to be supplied into the generator 10 may for example be, but not limited to, 8 to 15 bars.
    A nominal power of the generator 10 disclosed may vary for example between 1 kW and 1 MW. A typical rotation speed of the rotor 50 may for example be, but not limited to, 3000 - 10000 rpm.
    In the embodiment disclosed above, the same fluid flow in same fluid phase is used both to cause the rotor to float as well as to rotate the rotor. However, — the fluid flows causing the rotor to float and to rotate may be different fluid flows in same fluid phase or in different fluid phases or same fluid flow in different fluid phases. Furthermore, in the embodiment disclosed above, the supply directions of the fluid flows causing the rotor to float and to rotate the rotor are same but the supply directions of the fluid flows causing the rotor to float and to rotate the rotor may also be different.
    Furthermore, in the embodiment disclosed above, the rotor does not comprise any specific rotor shaft but the rotor could also comprise a shaft, which may also be hollow in order to provide at least one flow channel and/or which may take part in centralization of the rotor in the power generating unit.
    Furthermore, in the embodiment disclosed above, the generator com- > prises only one rotor, one flow channel unit and one induction coil unit. However, O the number of rotors, flow channel units and induction coil units in the generator = may vary. Additionally, for example, the size of the rotors in a generator comprising o at least two rotors may vary in for example in order to provide an optimized size N 30 in viewofthe nominal power of the generator. The generator may thus comprise a E rotor system comprising at least two rotors. o It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology 3 advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The inven- 2 tion and its embodiments are not limited to the examples described above but may N 35 vary within the scope of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1] 1. A generator (10) comprising at least one rotor (50), at least one magnet (51) arranged to rotate about a rotation axis (X) of therotor (50) in response to the rotation of the rotor (50), atleast one inductance coil unit (60) comprising at least one inductance coil (61) atan area of an influence of the moving magnet (51) for inducing electro- motive force in response to the movement of the magnet (51) relative to the in- ductance coil (61), and at least one flow channel unit (40) for conveying a fluid flow to the rotor (50) for operating the rotor (50), wherein the rotor (50) is arranged to rotate rela- tive to the flow channel unit (40) in a floating bearing manner.
    [2] 2. A generator as claimed in claim 1, characterized in thatthe at least one magnet (51) is arranged at the rotor (50).
    [3] 3. A generator as claimedinclaimlor2,characterized in that the flow channel unit (40), the rotor (50) and the inductance coil unit (60) have a common axial direction (X) and that the flow channel unit (40), the rotor (50) and the inductance coil unit (60) are arranged in the axial direction (X) substantially successively to each other.
    [4] 4. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, char - acterized in that the rotor (50) is arranged to rest on the flow channel unit (40) when the generator (10) is not in use, and to float relative to the flow channel unit (40) when the generator (10) is in operation.
    [5] 5. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, char - acterized in that the flow channel unit (40) comprises at least one channel o (44) for conveying at least one fluid flow between the flow channel unit (40) and > the rotor (50) to create a pressure effect between the flow channel unit (40) and — the rotor (50) to push, in the axial direction (X) of the flow channel unit (40) and o the rotor (50), the rotor (50) away from the flow channel unit (40) such that a gap N 30 —(G1)isarrangedbetween the flow channel unit (40) and the rotor (50) for allowing E the rotor (50) to rotate relative to the flow channel unit (40) substantially friction- 3 free, and that 3 the flow channel unit (40) comprises at least one (46) for conveying at 5 least one fluid flow to the rotor (50) for rotating the rotor (50). N 35
    [6] 6. A generator as claimed in claim 5, characterized in thatthe flow channel unit (40) comprises at least one first inlet flow channel (43) and at least one second inlet flow channel (45), the at least one first inlet flow channel (43) being arranged to convey a fluid flow to the at least one channel (44) convey- ing at least one fluid flow to create the pressure effect between the flow channel unit (40) and the rotor (50) and the at least one second inlet flow channel (45) being arranged to convey a fluid flow to the atleast one (46) conveying at least one fluid flow to the rotor (50) for rotating the rotor (50).
    [7] 7. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, char - acterized in that the rotor (50) is arranged to at least partly surround the flow channel unit (40).
    [8] 8. A generator as claimed in claim 7, characterized in thatthe flow channel unit (40) comprises, in the axial direction (X) thereof, a first end (40a) and a second end (40b) and that the rotor (50) comprises, in the axial direction (X) thereof, a first end (50a) facing towards the flow channel unit (40) and a second end (50b) facing away from the flow channel unit (40), and that at the first end (50a) of the rotor (50) there is an opening (54) arranged to receive the second end (40b) of the flow channel unit (40) so as to arrange the rotor (50) to partly surround the flow channel unit (40) at the second end (40b) of the flow channel unit (40) in the axial direction (X) of the flow channel unit (40) and the rotor (50).
    [9] 9. A generator as claimed in claim 8, characterized in thatthe flow channel unit (40) comprises a chamber (42) being open towards the rotor (50) and the rotor (50) comprises at the opening (54) an extension (55) extending from the second end (50b) of the rotor (50) towards the opening (54), the chamber (42) in the flow channel unit (40) arranged to at least partly accommodate the ex- — tension (55) in the rotor (55) when the extension (55) is inserted into the chamber > (42). O
    [10] 10. A generator as claimed in claim 9, characterized in thatthe = chamber (42) in the flow channelunit (40) comprises a first end (42a) and a second o end (42b) and the extension (55) in the rotor (50) comprises a first end (50a) and N 30 a second end (50b) and that the first end (42a) of the chamber (42) and the first E end (55a) of the extension (55) are arranged to face to each other when the exten- o sion (55) is inserted into the chamber (42) and that 3 the at least one channel (44) conveying at least one fluid flow to create 2 a pressure effect between the flow channel unit (40) and the rotor (50) is arranged N 35 to convey the at least one fluid flow portion between the first end (42a) of the chamber (42) and the first end (55a) of the extension (55) through at least one outlet opening (44a) of the atleast one channel (44) arranged at the first end (42a) of the chamber (42).
    [11] 11. A generator as claimed in any one of preceding claims 7 to 10, characterized in thatthe atleast one channel (46) conveying at least one fluid flow to the rotor (50) for rotating the rotor (50) is arranged to extend in the flow channel unit (40) in at least partly radial direction (R) such that an outlet opening (46b) of the channel (46) is arranged at an outer periphery of the flow channel unit (40) at the position of the rotor (50), in an axial direction (X) of the flow channel unit (40).
    [12] 12. A generator as claimed in any one of preceding claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the at least one rotor (50) comprises a number of rotor flow channels (59) extending in at least partly radial direction (R) of the rotor (50), the fluid flow flowing through the rotor flow channels (59) for rotating the rotor (50).
    [13] 13. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, char - acterized in that the fluid flow is a flow of at least one of air, steam, exhaust gas and liquid.
    [14] 14. A generator as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, char - acterized in thatthe fluid is in gaseous, supercritical or heterogeneous fluid — phase.
    o
    O
    N o
    N
    I a a
    O
    O
    O
    O
    O
    O
    N
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI129201B|2021-09-15|
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