• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The voltage source comprises two electrically conductive poles (101, 102) and an electrolyte (103) therebetween. Said electrolyte (103) is a mixture whose primary component is ash produced by a power plant or a waste incineration plant.
    公开号:FI20185261A1
    申请号:FI20185261
    申请日:2018-03-20
    公开日:2019-09-21
    发明作者:Juha Leppänen；Mirja Piispanen
    申请人:Kalustebetoni Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    VOLTAGE SOURCE WITH ASH IN THE ELECTROLYTIC AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE VOLTAGE SOURCE
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018
    ENGINEERING
    The present description relates to the recovery of industrial waste. In particular, the description relates to how the ash produced by a power plant or waste incineration plant can be utilized in the production and / or storage of electrical energy.
    BACKGROUND
    The ash produced by a power plant or waste incineration plant is a mixture of oxides of several different substances in concentrations that depend on what has been burned in the power plant or waste incineration plant. Fly ash and bottom ash are often discussed separately. Fly ash is very finely divided and, as the name implies, is separated from the 20 combustion gases produced by the combustion boiler, with which it is suspended from the combustion chamber to the combustion gas treatment unit. The bottom ash is collected on the basis of the combustion chamber.
    Ash is a major global waste problem because it is generated in large quantities and because it can contain, for example, heavy metals, which means that the ash cannot be applied as such to forests, for example, as a fertilizer. Fly ash is also difficult to handle due to its fineness, as it easily starts to dust and can thus cause exposure to 30 harmful fine particles.
    SUMMARY
    It is an object of the present invention to provide the use of ash in which it can be utilized easily and safely. It is also an object of the invention
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 presents a new way of generating and / or storing electricity.
    The objects of the invention are achieved by using the ash produced by a power plant or a waste incineration plant as an electrolyte in a voltage source which forms a primary or secondary battery and which can at the same time be part of the built environment.
    The voltage source according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of the appended independent voltage source 10 claim.
    The invention also relates to a method, which is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part 15 of the appended independent method claim.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.
    LIST OF FIGURES
    The invention and its embodiments will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 shows the principle of a simple voltage source, Figure 2 shows a test voltage source, Figure 3 shows a test voltage source, Figure 4 shows a test voltage source, Figure 5 shows a test voltage source, Figure 5 shows a test voltage source and Figure 6 shows a voltage source which is at the same time part of the built environment.
    In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the corresponding parts.
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    Figure 1 shows a voltage source with a first target 101 and a second target 102 and an electrolyte 103 between them. The locations 101 and 102 are made of a highly electrically conductive material such as metal or carbon. Electrolyte 103 is a mixture whose main component is ash produced by a power plant or waste incineration plant. By main component is meant that the proportion by weight of said ash in the electrolyte 103 is higher than the proportion of any other component used in its preparation.
    The ash used to make the electrolyte 103 may be fly ash, bottom ash, or a mixture thereof. An important finding for the invention is that the ash is rich in ionizable compounds, especially aluminum and silicon oxides. Together, the targets 101 and 102 and the electrolyte 103 form an electrical pair which, under certain conditions, can be used as either a primary battery or a secondary battery, i.e. a battery. These conditions are discussed in more detail below.
    The ash recovered from a power plant or waste incineration plant is as such dry and dusty, so it is advantageous to improve its suitability as an electrolyte by mixing water with, for example, ash. According to one embodiment, the electrolyte 103 is a paste, the main constituents of which are said ash and water. The amount of water to be mixed into the ash is not critical, so the amount of water can be chosen so that the workability of the resulting mixture is good. Studies in the invention have used as an example a mixture in which 6 grams of fly ash were mixed with 20 grams of water, but experiments show that the amount of water can vary, for example, between three and twelve grams per 20 grams of ash.
    Studies of the invention have found that due to a power plant or waste incineration law
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 the ash recovered from the toxin contains such large amounts of alumina and silicon oxides, it is possible to make it solidify into a solid relatively simply. According to one embodiment, the electrolyte 103 is a solid formed by reacting the aluminas and silicas contained in said ash with each other so that as a result of this reaction, the electrolyte has solidified. Such a reaction can be effected up to 10 times by stirring the water in the ash.
    However, it is very common for the ash recovered from a power plant or waste incineration plant to contain so much carbon that simply mixing water with it does not initiate the reaction described above. Carbon reacts more actively with aluminum than silicon, so it competes with silicon and significantly inhibits the curing reaction if the carbon content in the ash is too high. In studies of the invention, it has been found that the carbon content in the ash must not exceed about 1% by weight if a curing reaction is desired. Thus, according to one embodiment, the electrolyte 103 is a solid formed by reducing the carbon content of the ash produced by the power plant or waste incineration plant 25 and mixing water with the carbon-depleted ash thus obtained.
    It has further been found that the higher the proportion of silicon in the curing reaction described above, the more amorphous silicon is. The proportion of amorphous silicon in the ash contained in the ash depends on the combustion temperature. To put it a little simplistically, the higher the temperature in the combustion chamber of a power plant or waste incineration plant, the greater the proportion of silicon contained in the ash. In Ki35 coal combustion, the temperature is high and, as a result, the ash recovered from the coal-fired power plant is advantageous for the curing reaction. Provided
    20185261 prh.
    In addition to or instead of this, an additional activator can be added to the ash, which can be an acid or a base and which also makes the crystalline silicon sufficiently reactive for the electrolyte 103 to cure as a solid. In at least some embodiments, such an additional activator may be understood to mean an alkaline activator. Examples of temporal activators may be lye, hydroxides, e.g., sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), or all mixtures and combinations thereof. The alkaline activator may comprise or be an aqueous solution of a hydroxide. In at least some embodiments, the additional activator may be understood to mean sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3), potassium sulfate (K 2 SO 4), potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3), or all mixtures or combinations thereof.
    If the first target 101 and the second target 102 schematically shown in Fig. 1 are different materials, the resulting voltage source is the so-called i win a pair and it is arranged to work at least as a primary battery. The voltage generated between points 101 and 102 depends on the location of the target materials in the electrochemical voltage series of the metals. In the study of the invention 30, for example, aluminum as the material of the first site 101 and graphite chalk as the material of the second site 102 have been tested. In such a voltage source, the second target 102 is about 1.5 volts more positive than the first target 101. 35 In the study of the invention, it has been found that it is possible to charge a voltage source with different materials by connecting its targets
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 to a power supply whose voltage is greater than the spontaneous voltage generated electrochemically between the targets. In the study of the invention, two voltage sources were reserved, in each of which the first target 101 was aluminum. The second target 102 was either graphite chalk or steel. The magnitude of the charging voltage was 30 volts, whereby the value of the charging current was initially about 1 amp but decreased from it within a few minutes, stabilizing at a level slightly below 0.5 amps. Charging was continued for a few minutes, after which the charging power supply was disconnected and the voltage between the voltage source targets was measured. The voltage was immediately after the reservation of about 2.5 volts and another half days, about 2 volts.
    If the first target 101 and the second target 102 schematically shown in Fig. 1 are of the same material, no electrochemically spontaneous voltage is generated between the targets. Even then, however, the voltage source may be arranged to act as a secondary battery. In the study of the invention, a voltage source was charged at 30 volts, both targets of which were graphite chalk. The charge measurement results were comparable to the measurement results described above for voltage sources acting as a pri25 quantum battery.
    Figures 2, 3 and 4 show some small specimens prepared for the purposes of the study of the invention. In Figure 2, the voltage source is generally cylindrical in shape and has the electrolyte 103 positioned as a first target.
    101 inside a working aluminum tube. As a second target
    102, the operative rod-like graphite chalk is disposed concentrically in the aluminum tube so that the assembly is axially symmetrical with respect to the axis 201. The aluminum tube has an outer diameter of about 25 mm, a wall thickness of about 2 mm and a length of about 30 mm. The thickness of the graphite chalk is about 8 mm. The test piece shown in Figure 3 is different
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 from Figure 2 only with respect to its length. The measurements compared the voltage sources shown in Figures 2 and 3 and found that the voltage generated between the points 101 and 102 does not depend on the size of the voltage source but only on its materials. In the embodiment shown in Figure 4, the electrolyte 103 was placed in a cup made of electrically insulating paperboard, and graphite chalks as described above were used as targets 101 and 102.
    Figure 5 shows some steps in a method that can be used to make the voltage source described above. Preparatory step 501 involves the incineration of waste or other energy source in a power plant or waste incineration plant, resulting in ash 502. In step 503, the carbon content of the ash is examined. If it is higher than about 1% by weight, in step 504 the carbon content of the ash is reduced by a chemical, electrical and / or specific gravity method so that the carbon content of the ash is reduced to a value not exceeding one weight percent of the ash. The removed carbon 505 can be recovered and used to make the targets described in step 506.
    In step 510, water is added to the carbonized ash 507. It should be noted that decarbonization (step 504) may be performed before or after the addition of water, depending on the method used to decarbonize. Prior to this, the proportion of amorphous silicon in step 508 may have been analyzed, and if it has been found to be too small, the proportion of amorphous silicon may have been increased or additional activator may have been added to the ash in step 509. it is desired to maximize the compressive strength of the cured solid electrolyte, the weight ratio of SiCdiAUCh may range from about 10: 1 to about 1: 2.
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018
    Increasing the relative amount of binder can increase the compressive strength of the cured material obtained by the binder composition. On the other hand, increasing the relative amount of Al 2 Chin can increase the tensile strength and / or heat resistance of the cured material obtained by the binder composition 5. In a very suitable binder composition, the weight ratio of SiO 2: Al 2 O 3 may be, for example, in the range of about 5: 1 to about 1: 1 or about 4: 1 to about 2: 1.
    With this in mind, in the Melo method shown in Fig. 5, the ratio of the aluminum and silicon contents of the electrolyte can be analyzed in step 511. If it is found to be far from optimal, the method may include step 512 of adding silica and / or alumina from another source to the electrolyte. By such addition of silicon and / or alumina, the ratio of the aluminum and silicon contents of said electrolyte is brought closer to the ratio of one to three, expressed as a molar concentration. Steps 511 and 512, if used, may also be performed prior to the addition of water in step 510, for example, while analyzing the proportion of amorphous silicon in step 508.
    Step 513 describes inserting the targets into the electrolyte. The installation of the targets can be done much earlier per se, for example so that the targets are in place in the mold into which the electrolyte is poured after mixing the water (step 510). Figure 5 also shows step 514 in which the electrolyte cures and achieves the required structural strength. This step is not required in applications where the electrolyte does not need to cure.
    Water has no significance for the curing reaction other than initiating the reaction. Once the hydrogenation reaction has started, the water can be removed from the electrolyte, if necessary, for example by evaporation. Evaporation of water can be accelerated if necessary
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 by heating, for example by applying infrared or microwave radiation to the electrolyte or even by conducting an electric current through it, because the electrolyte conducts some electricity.
    In the sense of electrical connections, the voltage sources according to the above can be used like any other voltage sources, i.e. they can be combined into different parallel and series connections, whereby the desired current carrying capacity and output voltage are achieved.
    One special feature of ash recovered from a power plant or waste incineration plant compared to most other materials is its low cost. As ash has been found to be waste, its price can even be negative, ie the operator of a power plant 15 or incineration plant may be willing to pay the party receiving the ash, undertaking to dispose of it in accordance with waste legislation. The proportion of targets in the overall structure of the voltage source is small, and if necessary, the targets 20 can be made of carbon separated from the ash to make the carbon content of the ash low enough to effect a curing reaction.
    Due to the low raw material costs of the voltage source, the voltage source can be built very large and / or can be manufactured in very large quantities at a very low cost. This advantage balances the fact that the voltage source is not at the same level of performance as conventional batteries and accumulators. It is possible to build the voltage source up to 30 so large that it is also part of the built environment. Built environment means the set of all artificially created, fixed, physical structures designed to improve people's living standards, well-being and working conditions.
    Parts of the built environment such as the voltage source described above may form, for example
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018 buildings, parts of buildings, furniture, fences, railings, ramparts, towers, terraces, bridges, roads and works of environmental art.
    The voltage source can be or can be formed into an element, for example. The element can be, for example, a building element, such as a wall element, a hollow core element, a facade element, a column element or a beam element; or an infrastructure construction element, such as a road or street construction element, a bridge10 element, a handrail element, a retaining wall element, an edge beam, a tunnel element, a sleeper, a pier element, an agricultural element or a foundation element. The voltage source can also be or can be formed, for example, from a balcony, a road structure, a pedestal, a mine barrier, a foundation, a noise wall, a column, a tank, a courtyard slab or a cable tray.
    Utilizing the invention, it is possible to build, for example, the noise barrier 601 shown in Fig. 6, to which the noise barrier itself is charged by the current generated by the solar panels 602 attached to it; thus, the physical structure of the noise barrier can act as a battery for solar panels when voltage sources as described above are used as its components. In the representation of Figure 6, these parts may be, for example, horizontal elements 603 in which the embedded targets are connected to each other and to a suitable charge and discharge control circuit to achieve the desired electrical properties. The targets and the control circuit are not shown separately in Figure 6. The electrical energy stored in the noise barrier 30 can be conducted in the dark, for example to luminaires 604, which illuminate the same driveway that the noise barrier 601 separates from the settlement.
    The above embodiments of the invention are not limiting to the scope of the claims 35 set forth below, but the basic idea presented by them can be changed in many ways without departing from the scope of the claims. As an example 11, carbon can be not only removed from the ash but also added to it. Although the excessive presence of carbon in the ash is disadvantageous in those applications where it is desired to harden the electrolyte, it has no disadvantage but may, on the contrary, be useful if the electrolyte does not need to harden. Carbon can improve the electrical conductivity of the electrolyte, which may be a valid reason for increasing it. For the same purpose, other substances which affect the electrical conductivity, such as chlorides or other easily ionizable compounds, can be added to the electrolyte at different stages of the production process 10, if desired. One simple way to add chlorides to the electrolyte is to use seawater as water, which is added to the ash to form an electrolyte.
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    A voltage source having two electrically conductive targets (101, 102) and an electrolyte (103) therebetween, characterized in that said electrolyte
    5 (103) is a mixture whose main constituent is ash produced by a power plant or waste incineration plant.
    [2]
    A voltage source according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrolyte (103) is a paste whose main constituents are said ash and water.
    10
    [3]
    A voltage source according to claim 1, characterized in that said electrolyte (103) is a solid formed by reacting the aluminas and silicas contained in said ash with each other so that as a result of this reaction the electrolyte has solidified.
    [4]
    A voltage source according to claim 3, characterized in that said electrolyte (103) is a solid formed by reducing the output of a power plant or waste incineration plant.
    20 ash and mixing the resulting carbonized ash with water.
    [5]
    A voltage source according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that said electrolyte (103) contains at least one of the following:
    25 amorphous silicon added to the ash, an additional activator added to said ash.
    [6]
    Voltage source according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said points (101, 102) are of a different material, the voltage
    The node source is arranged to operate at least as a primary battery.
    20185261 prh 20 -03- 2018
    [7]
    Voltage source according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said targets (101, 102) are of the same material, the voltage source being arranged to act as a secondary battery, i.e.
    5 windows.
    [8]
    Voltage source according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is also part of the built environment (603).
    [9]
    Voltage source according to Claim 8, characterized in that it forms at least one of the following: building, part of a building, furniture, fence, railing, rampart, tower, terrace, bridge, road, environmental artwork, wall element, hollow core element, façade element, column element, beam element , 15 road or street building element, bridge element, handrail element, retaining wall element, edge beam, tunnel element, sleeper, pier element, agricultural element, foundation element, balcony, road structure, pedestal, mine barrier, foundation, noise barrier, noise barrier, pyl20
    [10]
    A method of manufacturing a voltage source, characterized in that an electrolyte (103) is formed between two sites (101, 102) by using a power plant or a waste incineration plant as its main component.
    25 ash produced by it (502).
    [11]
    A method according to claim 10, characterized in that water (510) is mixed with said ash.
    [12]
    A method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that carbon (504) is removed from said ash by a chemical, electrical and / or specific gravity method before or after the addition of water.
    [13]
    A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the carbon content of the ash is reduced to a value of at most one weight percent of the ash by removing the carbon (504).
    5
    [14]
    Method according to any one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that at least one of the following is added to said electrolyte: amorphous silicon, an additional activator.
    [15]
    Method 10 according to any one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that at least one of the following is added to said electrolyte: silica, alumina.
    [16]
    Process according to Claim 15, characterized in that the silica and / or alumina is used
    By adding (512) 15, the ratio of the aluminum to silicon contents of said electrolyte is brought closer to the ratio of one to three expressed as a molar concentration.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019180311A1|2019-09-26|
    EP3769354A1|2021-01-27|
    AU2019239818A1|2020-10-29|
    US20210119225A1|2021-04-22|
    FI128155B|2019-11-15|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    2019-02-01| PC| Transfer of assignment of patent|Owner name: BETOLAR OY |
    2019-11-15| FG| Patent granted|Ref document number: 128155 Country of ref document: FI Kind code of ref document: B |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20185261A|FI128155B|2018-03-20|2018-03-20|Voltage supply with an ash-containing electrolyte and method for manufacturing a voltage supply|FI20185261A| FI128155B|2018-03-20|2018-03-20|Voltage supply with an ash-containing electrolyte and method for manufacturing a voltage supply|
    AU2019239818A| AU2019239818A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing ash, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    EP19722659.0A| EP3769354A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing ash, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    US16/981,781| US20210119225A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing ash, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
    PCT/FI2019/050215| WO2019180311A1|2018-03-20|2019-03-13|Voltage source with an electrolyte containing ash, and method for manufacturing the voltage source|
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