• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for providing an elastic coating suitable for waterproofing by film forming on a solid surface, fabric or mesh. In the method, a dispersion comprising i) one or more adhesive and / or coagulating, mainly solid, aggregates, ii) one or more polymers, and iii) contacting one or more surfactants with the surface active agent coagulator. The invention also relates to a coating made by a method.
    公开号:FI20175894A1
    申请号:FI20175894
    申请日:2017-10-11
    公开日:2019-04-12
    发明作者:Vesa Koponen
    申请人:Build Care Oy；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR OBTAINING AN ELASTIC COATING AND
    ELASTIC COATING
    Engineering
    The present invention relates to elastic coatings, compositions for their preparation and their use. In particular, the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for providing a coating suitable for waterproofing. The invention also relates to an elastic coating according to the preamble of claim 16.
    State of the art
    Numerous coatings and coating methods are known, many of which are suitable for waterproofing. In commonly known methods, the surface to be dewatered must be dry, since moisture will prevent the coating from hardening or significantly reduce its adhesion. This makes it difficult, slower or even impossible to provide water insulation in outdoor areas.
    Most methods also involve the use of solvents and other substances considered to be harmful. The use of solvents is increasingly perceived as a safety and environmental problem, which has led to their use being restricted and avoided.
    Prior art CA 2205668, US 2013131228, CN 103525307, CN
    102965018, CN 103555203 and DE 2027606.
    Some water-based coatings are also known in the art. Such have been described e.g. EP 0 794 018 A2 and EP 1 544 268 A1.
    However, the weather-resistant properties of water-based solutions have proved to be deficient. peeling off coatings, cracking and cracking.
    General description of the invention
    It is an object of the present invention to reduce or even eliminate the above-mentioned problems which occur in the prior art.
    In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a method for producing novel types of elastic coatings.
    It is also an object of the invention to provide novel coatings.
    The invention is based on the finding that by adding a solid to a polymer dispersion comprising a polymer dispersed in water in the form of polymer particles, a polymer composition can be obtained in which the dispersed polymer particles are spaced at a suitable distance from each other.
    A suitable spacing for film formation is achieved, in particular, by the addition of a solid having an average particle size larger than the polymer particles capable of at least partially absorbing these polymer particles. This prevents uncontrolled caking of the dispersion, which is otherwise caused by polymer particles coming too close together. On the other hand, particles too far apart cannot form a coherent film, which is necessary to achieve a uniform coating.
    By bringing the components of the polymer composition close enough to one another, secondary bonds are formed between them to form a film of the dispersion.
    From the dispersion according to the invention, the polymer film can be obtained by shortening the distance between the polymer particles, for example by removing moisture between the particles, i.e. water. The liquid phase may be removed either actively (by raising the temperature or otherwise by drying) or typically passively, i.e. by allowing the liquid to evaporate or allowing it to be absorbed into the structures or a combination thereof.
    The solid and any solidifying aggregate form a three-dimensional structure within the resulting waterproofing membrane, which acts as a physical support structure and onto which polymer particles adhere.
    In this way, an elastic coating suitable for waterproofing can be formed on a solid surface, tissue or mesh.
    More specifically, the method according to the invention is characterized in what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.
    The elastic coating according to the invention, in turn, is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 16.
    The invention provides considerable advantages. Thus, the method of the invention achieves good adhesion of the waterproofing material to all surfaces, even if the surface is wet prior to coating.
    The dispersion used in the process of the invention comprises a liquid phase in which other components of the dispersion, such as polymer particles, are dispersed.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the process does not use organic solvents. The dispersion used in the process in this application is free of organic solvents and is very preferably based on water. The use of water as the liquid phase of the dispersion together with the non-toxic and safe use of other ingredients in the recipe allows the coating to be ecologically and poison free.
    Thus, the method is safe and comfortable to use, since the coating does not have to protect itself from the dangers of organic solvents, for example a gas mask. Coated spaces can also be used as soon as the coating dries without airing, and there are no health or explosion hazards due to solvent evaporation, even when coating small enclosed spaces. Thus, the use of solvent-free dispersion is remarkably safe.
    The resulting coating is based on a reinforced network structure of the dispersion based on chemical interactions between the components of the dispersion.
    The resulting polymer layer is already waterproof as a thin film, but can be made up to several centimeters in thickness if necessary.
    In addition, the gas tightness of the membrane can be further improved, if desired, by the addition of an initially soluble but solidifying absorbent material to the film forming step.
    Although the polymer film has good water and gas tightness, it has good breathability and water vapor permeability.
    Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be discussed in more detail.
    embodiments
    In one embodiment, an elastic coating suitable for waterproofing is produced by film formation on a solid, mesh or porous surface.
    The dispersion of the invention generally comprises
    (i) one or more solids, at least substantially in solid form, hereinafter also referred to as aggregates; (ii) one or more polymers; and (iii) one or more surfactants; and (iv) one or more coagulants.
    In addition to these, the dispersion also comprises a medium, i.e., a liquid, into which the disclosed ingredients are dispersed.
    In one embodiment, the present aqueous polyacrylate dispersion comprises
    a. a polymer dispersion having different particle sizes or having a wide, multimodal particle size distribution;
    b. a dispersed metal compound such as metal salt, metal oxide or metal sulfate, or metal ions; and
    c. polymer crosslinking components such as alumina, silica, or a combination thereof.
    In addition to these components a-c, the dispersion typically contains a dispersing agent such as a surfactant.
    By homogenizing the mixture, a homogenized, stable polymer dispersion is obtained.
    The polymer dispersion provides a polymeric layer, such as a coating or film. The polymer dispersion is applied to a support, such as a solid, mesh or porous support, and a film is formed from the dispersion by removing the liquid phase from the dispersion.
    In particular, the dispersions disclosed are capable of forming a reinforced molecular network film based on the chemical interactions of the network-forming components in the aforementioned embodiments i, ii and iv and a-c, respectively.
    Preferably, the surfactant in the dispersion is brought into contact with the coagulator only during coating. Preferably, the coagulator then has a hydrophobic moiety. This allows the dispersion of the polymer film to be crosslinked to the substrate just during coating.
    In a preferred embodiment, the hydrophobic moiety of the coagulator prevents crosslinking of the polymer from the dispersion until the dispersion is pressurized so that the hydrophobic moiety is no longer able to prevent precipitation.
    In another preferred embodiment, which may also be combined with the former, the hydrophobic ingredient prevents cross-linking of the polymer until the liquid phase of the dispersion, preferably water, is removed to such an extent that the hydrophobic component of the coagulator is no longer able to prevent crosslinking. The liquid phase can be removed, for example, by evaporation or by absorption of the liquid phase into materials surrounding the surface to be coated, such as surface-limiting surface materials.
    Thus, in one aspect, a dispersion of a dispersion polymeric film is obtained only when the particle distances of the dispersion are rendered favorable for film formation. This is preferably accomplished by removing the liquid from the dispersion.
    By "polymer dispersion" or "dispersion", as used herein, is meant a composition in which the polymer or polymers are present dispersed in a medium. The polymer dispersions also contain other dispersed, finely divided ingredients. Most preferably, all the dispersed ingredients have particle sizes of less than 10 micrometers, particularly less than 5 micrometers. In this context, the term "dispersion" also encompasses other compositions in which liquid or solid components are dispersed in the continuous phase.
    In a preferred embodiment, the dispersion provides a solid-containing polymeric mesh structure which is a viscoelastic elastomer, which can be demonstrated, for example, by a creep test. When the composition forms an elastic film, the network structure is formed by chemical bonds between the substances, preferably by weak chemical interactions such as ionic bonds, coordination bonds, dipole-dipole interactions or Van der Waals bonds.
    The composition may be ionomeric in nature.
    The present dispersion comprises one or more polymers. In particular, the dispersion comprises the polymer or polymers in dispersed form.
    In one embodiment, the dispersion contains at least two different polymers.
    In one embodiment, the dispersion contains a copolymer consisting of at least two different types of acrylate monomers.
    The liquid phase or dispersion medium of the dispersion is preferably formed by water. Particularly preferably, the dispersion is substantially free of volatile organic solvents. Thus, the proportion of water is at least 95%, preferably at least 97%, of the total volume of the liquid in the dispersion medium.
    In one embodiment, a dispersion containing two or more homo- or copolymers differing in polymer particle size is obtained by mixing two or more different and separate polymer dispersions.
    The polymer dispersions that can be mixed may differ in that they contain different polymers, differ in their monomer composition, or in their particle size distributions. The resulting dispersion may be a particle size distribution such as a multimodal distribution such as a bimodal distribution and comprise one or more, in particular two or more polymers.
    In the present context, the term "" multimodal "particle size distribution includes both a case in which a single polymer has a particle size distribution having multiple peaks and a case in which two polymers have particle size distributions with different peaks. A broad, single-peak distribution is also included in this concept.
    In one embodiment, the polymer dispersion has a particle size polydispersity index greater than 1.5, especially greater than 2.
    The polymer used in the dispersion preferably contains reactive groups such as carboxylic acid groups or, more generally, acrylic acid functionality or vinyl groups such as vinyl esters, which allow the resulting coating to adhere to various substrates. Proper selection of the polymer or polymers can influence the properties of the coating and tailor the coating to the various applications. Thus, the choice of polymers affects e.g. in the dispersion for interaction between polymers, for crosslinking, and for bonding with other added ingredients as the coating dries or cures, or when film formation occurs.
    The choice of polymer also determines other desired properties of the resulting coating, such as weather resistance, water impermeability, chemical resistance, and elasticity. Typically, the coating or film provided by the composition of the invention is highly weatherproof and chemically resistant and inert.
    According to one embodiment, a polymer dispersible in the aqueous phase is used. In one embodiment, at least one polymer of the dispersion is an acrylate polymer. Preferably, the dispersion comprises at least two polymers of different particle sizes which are acrylate polymers.
    "Acrylate polymer" as used herein refers to polymers and copolymers of acrylic acid or its esters. Thus, the term "" acrylate polymers "also includes acrylate copolymers. The acrylate polymers have a low glass point, typically up to + 6 ° C, especially about -36 ° C to ± 0 ° C, and have good adhesion properties.
    In one embodiment, the acrylate polymer or acrylate copolymer comprises one or more units of formula I, respectively
    HR 1
    I I
    -c-c - II 2
    H COOR 2
    n where
    RjjaR 2 independently represent hydrogen, a lower straight or branched chain alkyl, aryl and alkaryl, optionally substituted, and n is an integer of 10-10000, typically about 100-2500.
    The acid monomer of the acrylate polymer is typically acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, in addition to which butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and styrene or mixtures thereof may be used as comonomers. In addition to these, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and a mixture thereof may be used.
    Alternative Formula I secretions with Sten substituents can influence polymer dispersion formation, hydrophilicity, or hydrophobicity, respectively, glass transition temperature and chemical interactions when other components such as metal compounds are added.
    As an example of an aryl derivative, mention may be made of phenyl and of alkaryls styrene. Examples of suitable acrylate polymers include polymethyl acrylate and styrene-acrylic copolymer and mixtures thereof.
    The polymer may also be polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl alcohol, preferably in admixture with an acrylate polymer. The weight ratio of the acrylic polymer to one or more other polymers is preferably from 10: 90 to 99: 1, in particular from 20: 80 to 95: 5. Various copolymers are also possible.
    The polymer of the dispersion acts as an elastic matrix of the resulting coating or film, which is produced when the polymer is crosslinked. This is achieved when the interparticle liquid phase evaporates or otherwise the water is removed from the dispersion (for example, water can be absorbed into the substrate). The polymer component of the dispersion then forms a layer, preferably a continuous layer, through the film forming event.
    The polymers contained in the dispersion may differ in size with respect to the size of the dispersed polymer particles. In a particularly preferred embodiment, two or more polymers are used in the dispersion, of which at least one polymer has a significantly larger particle size than one or the other.
    In one embodiment, the first polymer having a particle size larger than the particle size of the second polymer preferably acts as a matrix for a polymer layer such as a coating or film and enhances the strength properties of the coating. The second polymer, which has a particle size smaller than the particle size of the first polymer, in turn seals the structure formed by the polymer layer by filling the voids between the larger particles. It also forms a film faster than a polymer with a larger particle size. Thus, the particle size distribution of the polymer can also influence the rate of coating formation.
    Because different polymers have different adhesive properties, their selection can influence the application range of the product produced by the process. The choice of polymers can also adjust the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the product for different applications.
    Typically, the particle size ratio of the first polymer contained in the dispersion to particles of the second polymer or second polymers, respectively, is at least
    1.25: 1, especially at least 1.5: 1 and most preferably about 2: 1 to 100: 1, typically about 2.5: 1 to 10: 1.
    In one embodiment, the first, larger sized polymer has a central particle size of about 0.25 to 1 µm, and the second, smaller size polymer has an average particle size of about 0.01 to 0.2 µm.
    In one embodiment, the first polymer comprises an acrylate polymer, in particular an acrylate copolymer having a polymer particle size of about 500 ± 50 nm, and the second polymer comprises an acrylate polymer, particularly an acrylate copolymer having a polymer particle size of about 100 ± 10 nm.
    The molar proportions of the first and second or the second polymers, respectively, in the mixture may be, for example, from 1: 100 to 100: 1, preferably from about 1:20 to .20: 1, e.g. from 1: 5 to 5: 1.
    "Polymer particle size" refers to a central particle size that can be determined, for example, by a light or electron microscope, light scattering (such as polygonal laser light scattering (based on MALLS), or a Coulter-based device).
    In one embodiment, the dispersion comprises a mixture formed by mixing two polymer dispersions having polymers of different large central particle sizes.
    In one embodiment, the polymer or polymers are acrylate polymers available or used as dispersions having a dry solids content of at least 30% by weight or at least 35% by weight. Typically, the acrylate polymer dispersions used have a solids content of up to about 85% by weight.
    In one embodiment, the first polymer is available or used as a dispersion having a dry solids content of about 50-70% by weight, for example about 55-65% by weight.
    In one embodiment, the second polymer is available or used as a dispersion having a dry solids content of about 30-50% by weight, for example about 35-45% by weight.
    In one embodiment, basic polymer dispersions are used. Such polymer dispersions are typically anionically stabilized. In this application, for example, the pH of the polymer dispersions is greater than about 7, in particular greater than about 8, preferably greater than about 9. Typically, however, the pH of the polymer dispersions is less than about 14.
    In one embodiment, acidic polymer dispersions are used. Such polymer dispersions are typically cationically stabilized. For example, in this application, the pH of the polymer dispersions is less than about 7, especially less than about 6.5, preferably less than about 6. Typically, however, the pH of the polymer dispersions is greater than about 1.
    In one embodiment wherein two or more feeder-polymer dispersions are used to prepare the polymer dispersion, both or all of the feeder-polymer dispersions are either anionically or cationically stabilized.
    The surfactant, i.e., the dispersant, is capable of holding the polymer in the liquid phase in a dispersed state during the preparation and storage of the composition.
    Such a dispersant is typically a monomeric or polymeric surfactant. The polymer dispersions are usually anionically stabilized but may also be cationically stabilized.
    Examples of surfactants include sodium lauryl sulfate and alkylbenzenesulfonic acid or sulfonate, such as sodium dodecyldiphenyl oxide disulfonate.
    The amount of surfactant is usually about 0.01 to 5% of the amount of polymer.
    In one embodiment, the surfactant is not added separately to the polymer dispersion, but the starting material for the dispersion is one or more polymer dispersions in which the polymer or polymers are dispersed in a medium, such as water, with an emulsifier. This medium also forms the dispersion medium of the dispersion to be prepared.
    As used herein, the term "bulking agent" refers to a material that is added to a polymer solution in a solid and preferably finely divided form, for example, as a powder, granules or particles. The aggregate may be partially or completely soluble in the liquid phase, i.e. the aqueous phase, but most of the aggregate may also be in solid form in the dispersion.
    The aggregate is usually an inorganic substance, preferably an oxide compound or a sulfate compound such as a metal or semi-metal oxide or sulfate, or a mixture thereof.
    The metals include aluminum, gallium and tin, as well as transition metals such as iron, copper, zinc, chromium, vanadium, nickel, titanium and zirconium. Of the semi-metals, silicon, germanium and antimony can be mentioned.
    It is also possible to use the corresponding hydroxide compounds which are insoluble in water or which are slightly soluble in water.
    At least a part of the aggregate particles have an average size of 0.01-0.2 µm, in particular about 0.02-0.15 µm. Preferably, at least 1% by weight of the aggregate, particularly about 2.5-50% by weight, consists of such particles.
    The aggregate may also contain a proportion of particles having a central particle size
    0.025 to 1 pm, especially about 0.1 to 0.75 μηι. Such particles usually comprise at least 50% by weight of the aggregate, in particular about 60-99% by weight.
    In one embodiment, the aggregate is included in the composition in an amount of from about 1% to about 25% by weight, in particular from about 5% to about 20% by weight, for example about 7.5% to about 16% by weight based on dry matter.
    The choice of particle size can influence the gas permeability, i.e. breathability, of the polymer layer formed from the dispersion. The larger number of pores formed between the larger particles as the material dries makes the layer more breathable.
    The aggregate may partially dissolve in the liquid phase of the dispersion, but during crosslinking, the aggregate typically changes back to a solid insoluble state. The state of the aggregate may be affected, for example, by a change in pH or pressure during the process.
    According to the invention, the dispersion may comprise one or more aggregates. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the aggregate contained in the dispersion comprises one or more iron or aluminum compounds or a combination thereof.
    The iron compound may be, for example, ferric, ferric or iron (II, III) oxide. These, especially the latter, impart adhesive properties to the crosslinkable polymer from the dispersion.
    The aluminum compound may be, for example, alumina or aluminum hydroxide, such as precipitated aluminum hydroxide.
    In one embodiment, the aggregate serves, after addition of the coagulator, in its water-insoluble form, either as such or after dissolution and subsequent re-precipitation, to act as an internal adhesive surface between the coagulated polymers, increasing the strength and toughness of the end product.
    In one embodiment, the solid aggregate particles in the dispersion act as dispersion precipitating cores to which the polymer particles adhere when the surfactant (ceases to be active) and / or when the interphase liquid phase evaporates.
    In one embodiment, the solid aggregate acts as an internal adhesive surface within the structure by filling the "" volumes "between the polymer particles, thereby acting as a shrinkage crack inhibitor in the finished coating, since its three-dimensional internal support structure reduces volume changes in the finished coating. The aggregate is thus able to act as an inhibitor of shrinkage cracking. In the application, the aggregate at the same time acts as a thickener and strength enhancer.
    In one embodiment, it has been found that increasing the density of the film formed by the dispersion can slow down the deterioration of concrete surfaces to be coated with it. Particularly, coating can slow down the carbonation of concrete. It is also possible to prevent or at least slow down the loss of strength of the concrete caused by the increase in porosity of the concrete, for example due to the washing of water-soluble concrete components.
    In one embodiment, a bulking agent is used which is at least partially soluble in the liquid phase of the dispersion. In this case, the dissolved part of the aggregate may act as an accelerator in the crosslinking reaction of the polymer particles and also as an adherence of the polymer particles. This is important for the interaction between polymer particles and aggregate particles.
    The aggregate generally improves the product properties of the coating or film to be formed from the dispersion, for example by slowing down the rusting of structures and surfaces protected by the coating or film, and the deterioration of concrete surfaces.
    In one embodiment, the reaction between the dissolved moiety of the aggregate and the surfactant may also prevent the dispersion surfactant or surfactants from re-solubilizing after the crosslinking event.
    In one embodiment, the aggregate contains iron or aluminum compounds or mixtures thereof, the solubilized portion of the aggregate typically comprising positively charged iron or aluminum ions or mixtures thereof. In particular, the dissolved moiety contains Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ or Al 3+ ions or mixtures thereof.
    In one embodiment, iron oxide (F6304) is used as the aggregate. This slows down the rusting of the steel surface protected, for example, by the dispersion coating or film.
    In one embodiment, the solute portion of the aggregate may form secondary bonds with oppositely charged sites on the dipoles of the polymer particles by electrostatic forces.
    The choice of aggregate or substances can suitably influence the properties of the dispersion, its rate of crosslinking, and the properties of the coating obtained.
    To promote film formation, a coagulant, or '' precipitating agent '' is used which provides a controlled crosslinking structure. According to one embodiment of the invention, the dispersion is formed into a film by removing moisture, i.e., allowing the dispersion applied as a layer to dry.
    The coagulator and the surfactant interact so that evaporation of the liquid phase of the dispersion upon drying of the coating results in a situation where the surfactant is no longer able to separate the polymer particles of the dispersion based on electrical repulsion forces and .
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the solidification of the dispersion and the crosslinking of the polymer are prevented by the hydrophobic component contained in the coagulator until the liquid phase of the dispersion, preferably water, is evaporated or similarly absorbed by the solid coating surface boundary materials.
    In one embodiment of the invention, the crosslinked structure is prevented from forming the dispersion by the hydrophobic component of the coagulator until the dispersion is pressurized to such an extent that the hydrophobic component is no longer able to prevent crosslinking. This can be achieved, for example, by spraying the dispersion by high pressure spraying.
    At higher pressures, the droplet size of the syringe decreases and air contact increases, which contributes to the removal of water.
    In the process of the invention, one or a mixture of several coagulants may be used in the dispersion. In particular, a solid finely divided coagulator or a mixture of two or more solid finely divided coagulators is used.
    According to one embodiment, the coagulant is a material containing silica, such as fumed silica. Silica can be used in hydrophilic form, hydrophobic form and a mixture thereof.
    In one embodiment, the coagulant, such as silica, is in a hydrophobic form (hereinafter also referred to as a "" hydrophobic moiety "). In this form, the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica have been replaced by hydrocarbon groups. An example of a hydrophobic ingredient is fumed silica treated with dimethyldichlorosilane.
    For example, the hydrophobic moiety is in colloidal form.
    The hydrophobic moiety can reduce or completely prevent crosslinking of the dispersion polymer and improve adhesion between the aggregate particles and the dispersion polymer particles during and after the crosslinking process.
    The hydrophobic moiety can also be used to adjust the rate of crosslinking, since the hydrophobic moiety of the coagulator can be used to separate the components involved in the crosslinking reaction until the required amount of liquid phase of the dispersion has evaporated or the dispersion pressure has changed
    Hydrophobic silica contributes to the dispersion of aggregate.
    Hydrophilic silica may also be fumed silica. Hydrophilic silica has hydroxyl groups on its surface and is typically water-absorbent. Hydrophilic silica also affects the pH of the composition.
    The weight ratio of hydrophobic to hydrophilic silica, respectively, is generally from 25: 1 to 1:25, in particular from about 10: 1 to 1:10, for example about 1: 8.
    The total amount of hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica as the precipitant is about 1-6% by weight based on the dry matter.
    Coagulators such as silica are typically finely divided. In one embodiment, the at least one coagulator has a central particle size of about 5-100 nm, preferably 10-25 nm.
    The amount of coagulator is typically about 0.01 to 10% by weight, for example 0.1 to 7.5% by weight, usually 1 to 5% by weight, based on the dry matter.
    The coagulator promotes the leakage of the resulting coating or film through thixotropic networking. Thanks to this feature, the method according to the invention can also be applied to vertical or downwardly facing surfaces, such as the inner surfaces of roofs. In addition, the coagulator typically adds new wet strength to the resulting coating or film.
    The hydrophobicity of the coagulator can also be used to control the drying rate of the resulting coating or film. The more hydrophobic ingredients in the coagulator, the faster the coating and film will dry. The hydrophobicity of the coagulator can also control the pore size of the coating and film. The pore size of the coating and film determines the breathability of the coating, i.e., the material comprising hydrophobic moieties prevents moisture from penetrating into the coating or film and the material to be coated therewith while attempting to remove any moisture from the coating material by repelling moisture on the coating or film.
    In one embodiment, the hydrophobic ingredient prevents solidification of the dispersion until the dispersion is pressurized such that the hydrophobic ingredient is no longer able to prevent crosslinking of the polymer.
    Coagulation of the dispersion is prevented, for example, by the hydrophobic component contained in the dispersion until the liquid phase of the dispersion, preferably water, has evaporated and / or absorbed into the solid coating surface boundary materials to such an extent that the hydrophobic component can no longer prevent crosslinking.
    Controlled coagulation and leakage of the coating can also be accomplished by the use of various acids such as oxalic, acetic or citric acid and various other thixotropic agents. They are present in amounts of about 0.1 to 10% by weight based on the dry matter. These materials can be used in place of or in combination with silica.
    The dispersion used in the process of the invention may also comprise various additives. Useful additives include e.g. various microspheres as filler and / or stiffness regulator; and aluminum cement and sand for added strength.
    Preparation of the composition
    The above compositions are prepared by adding a polymeric agent to the dispersion in which the polymer is dispersed in a suitable medium, such as water, under stirring. The addition can be done at room temperature.
    The polymer dispersion may be a dispersion formed by a single polymer or may be formed by mixing two or more polymer dispersions, the polymers of which differ in their mean particle size.
    Most preferably, the emulsifier is not added separately, but the polymer dispersion in which the polymer is dispersed with an emulator is used as starting material. However, it is possible to introduce an additional emulsifier into the dispersion.
    After the addition of the aggregate, coagulant or coagulants are added to the dispersion thus obtained with effective mixing.
    If necessary, the dry solids content of the composition may, after mixing, be adjusted to the level required by the application.
    During the addition of the aggregate and the precipitant, the pH of the composition is maintained above or correspondingly below the threshold pH at which the precipitation of the polymeric aggregate starts from the dispersion. The pH is determined by the emulsification of the polymer; the polymer dispersions used in the process are either anionically or cationically stabilized, as noted above.
    According to one embodiment, the pH of the dispersion is maintained at a value greater than 7 during the addition of the metal oxide particles and the precipitant when the polymers are anionically stabilized.
    In another embodiment, the pH of the dispersion is maintained at less than 6.5 when the polymers are cationically stabilized during the addition of the metal oxide particles and the precipitant.
    In one embodiment, the present polymer dispersion contains 100 parts by weight of the dispersed material (i.e., 100 parts by weight of the dry matter of the dispersion):
    - 70 to 90 parts by weight of an acrylate polymer,
    5-15 parts by weight of aggregate particles and
    0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a coagulator or coagulators.
    In addition, the dispersion contains, as a dispersion medium, a liquid such as water, the amount of which depends on the dry matter content.
    The polymer dispersion according to the present invention has very good shelf life. Typically, it has a shelf life of at least 10 hours, particularly at least 24 hours, preferably at least 7 days, preferably at least 30 days, for example 1.5-24 months.
    Coating
    If the polymer dispersion mixture is applied by high pressure spraying, the process preferably comprises at least the following steps:
    a) forming, in particular, an aqueous polymer dispersion mixture of at least two polymer dispersion particles of different particle sizes;
    b) adding to the polymer dispersion mixture formed in step a a mixture of solids comprising one or more iron or aluminum compounds or a mixture thereof and a coagulant or agents;
    c) homogenizing the polymer dispersion by mixing to obtain a coating liquid; and
    d) applying the coating liquid obtained in step b to the substrate.
    The product can be applied to a solid substrate, such as tissue or mesh, by high pressure spraying.
    Coating by high pressure spraying has many advantages. By spraying, large areas can be easily treated relatively quickly. For example, vertical or downward facing surfaces are also relatively easy to handle.
    Typically, the coating fluid is subjected to injection at a pressure of 100 to 600 bar, preferably 200 to 500 bar.
    According to one embodiment of the invention, the dispersion is applied by spreading on a solid support such as a tissue or netting. Preferably, the application comprises at least the following steps:
    a) forming an aqueous polymer dispersion mixture from at least two polymer dispersion particles of different particle sizes
    b) adding to the polymer dispersion mixture formed in step a a mixture of solids comprising one or more iron or aluminum compounds or combinations thereof and one or more coagulating (precipitating) substances; and
    c) applying the coating liquid obtained in step b to the surface to be coated by applying a coating.
    This method of application is particularly suitable for the treatment and coating of smaller surface areas.
    The polymer dispersions of the examples described below are anionically dispersed, but they can also be cationically dispersed, with neutralization by the corresponding base.
    During or after application, the dispersed polymer is solidified from the dispersion to form a coating by film forming. Typically, the coagulant used to crosslink the polymer of the dispersion provides controlled film formation of the dispersion. In this case, film formation occurs, for example, when the water is drained or especially during high pressure spraying - under the influence of pressure.
    The coating provided by the process of the invention is elastic, stretchable and flexible, and does not crack or crack. The coating retains its elasticity even at low temperatures.
    The coating provided by the process of the invention is also suitable for combining thermally expandable materials in various ways. The coating can be used for example to combine metal and wood.
    The coating generally has a thickness of from about 0.1 mm to about 50 mm, particularly from about 0.5 mm to about 25 mm.
    eXAMPLES
    Example 1
    Four compositions were prepared by the above process.
    In the process, a first alkaline acrylate copolymer dispersion having a polymer particle size of about 500 nm and a dry matter content of about 60 wt% (dispersion I) was mixed with a second alkaline acrylate copolymer dispersion having a polymer particle size of about 100 nm and a dry matter content of % (of dispersion II).
    Subsequently, fine, iron (II) -containing iron oxide and aluminum oxide were added gradually and with vigorous stirring. Finally, hydrophilic evaporated silica and hydrophobic evaporated silica were added in powder form and, if necessary, a quantity of water calculated to reach the desired dry matter level, and the resulting dispersion was homogenized.
    Tables 1-4 show the concentrations of the four different compositions
    table 1
    Polymer 1 64.4% Polymer 2 23.9% Iron Oxide 10.6% Hydrophobic silica 1.1% Dry matter content 60.8% Table 2Polymer 1 62.8% Polymer 2 15.5% Iron Oxide 19.2% Hydrophobic silica 2.5% Dry matter content 66.2%
    Table 3 Polymer 1 70.9% Polymer 2 15,6% Iron Oxide 11,2% Aluminum hydroxide 0.4% Hydrophobic silica 0.5% Hydrophilic silica 1.4% Dry matter content 62.9% Table 4
    Polymer 1
    67.8%
    Polymer 2 17.0%
    Iron oxide 10.2%
    Aluminum hydroxide 2.1%
    Hydrophobic silica 0.5% 5 Hydrophilic silica 2.5%
    Dry matter content 62.8%
    20175894 prh 11-10-2017
    Example 2
    Compositions 3 and 4 of Example 1 were applied over 13 mm thick gypsum boards 500 mm x 600 mm and on concrete slabs 300 mm x 300 mm respectively. The surface of the concrete slabs used in the tests was sandblasted.
    Similar applications were made by injection.
    Properties, methods of measurement, measurement results and certification criteria for wet room waterproofing and surface systems were determined from the samples VTT SERT R003.
    The measurement results showed that the product is waterproof and thus acts as a waterproofing material.
    The water-vapor resistance Z of the hand-applied product was 5.8 x 10 9 (m2 s Pa / kg) with an average layer thickness of 0.6 mm and that of a machine sprayed 5.3 x 109 (m2 s Pa / kg) with a layer thickness of 0.3 mm.
    The crack-bridging capacity of the hand-applied composition over the concrete was measured at room temperature at 10.3 mm.
    The elasticity, hardness and strength properties of the formed coating could be affected by changes in the amount of polymers, the ratio of the various polymers, the composition of the aggregate and the amount of coagulants.
    Industrial Applicability
    The coating method according to the invention is excellent for all directions due to its good adhesion and rapid solidification. Thus, the method can be used to coat both horizontal and vertical structures, even the inner surfaces of roofs.
    The present polymer-solid combination has very interesting properties. Thus, the film and coating formed therein have good breathability and water vapor permeability. Thanks to the good adhesion of the coating and film, it can also be adhered to wet or even wet surfaces. The coating and film also have good elasticity. Creep tests have shown that the material is a viscoelastic elastomer. Therefore, the coating and film will adapt, for example, to the surface of an uneven substrate.
    The coating provided by the method of the invention is well suited for moisture barrier, waterproofing and leak sealing of all types of structures. It can be used on various roofs, facades, balcony surfaces, asphalt surfaces; in pools and tanks; in baseboards and foundations; in bathrooms, saunas and other damp areas in industry and construction as well as in civil engineering, road and bridge construction. The roofs to be coated may be, for example, felt, sheet metal or mineralite. The method is also suitable for coating or sealing porous materials.
    The method is also suitable for coating or compacting mesh and fabric-like materials. For example, light ingots (Leea®), gypsum boards (Gyproc®), fibreboards, mineral wools such as glass or rock wool, filter fabrics or gauzes can preferably be coated with waterproofing according to the process of the invention. This enables the use of these materials in areas subject to moisture where it has previously been impossible or unfavorable due to the water absorption and porosity of the materials.
    The invention is not intended to be limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth above but, on the contrary, is intended to be broadly construed within the scope defined by the following claims.
    The following embodiments represent preferred solutions:
    1. An elastic coating based on an aqueous polymer dispersion which is a reinforced molecular mesh structure consisting of
    (a) a polymer dispersion having a multimodal particle size distribution
    b) dispersed metal compounds
    c) additives such as aluminum hydroxide or silica.
    The coating of embodiment 1, wherein the dispersion forms a film based on a reinforced mesh structure based on the chemical interactions between components a, b and c of embodiment 1 and the mesh structure thus formed.
    A method of providing an elastic coating of water dispersion from a polymer dispersion by film forming on a solid, mesh or porous substrate, wherein the dispersion comprising
    i) one or more aggregates at least substantially in solid form, ii) one or more polymers, iii) one or more surfactants, and iv) one or more coagulants, only after coating to contact the dispersion coagulator to form a polymer film on the support.
    A polymer dispersion comprising at least one polymer which is an acrylate polymer, preferably the dispersion contains at least two acrylate polymers or a copolymer consisting of at least two different types of acrylate monomers.
    The polymer dispersion of embodiment 4, comprising 100 parts by weight of the dispersed material:
    - 70 to 90 parts by weight of an acrylate polymer, in particular a mixture of two acrylic polymers,
    5 to 15 parts by weight of solids such as iron oxide, alumina or a mixture thereof, and
    20175894 prh 11-10-2017
    0.1 to 5 parts by weight of a coagulant such as silica, hydrophobic silica or a mixture thereof.
    A process for preparing a polymer dispersion, comprising:
    forming a mixture of polymer dispersions of the first and second polymer, wherein the first polymer comprises an acrylate polymer, in particular an acrylate copolymer having a polymer particle size of about 500 ± 50 nm, and a second polymer comprising an acrylate polymer,
    - to the mixture thus obtained is added, with stirring, an iron or aluminum compound or a mixture thereof, and silica or hydrophobic silica or a mixture thereof
    Reference adjustments
    Patent letter in alli mouth
    CA 2205668
    US 2013131228
    CN 103525307
    CN 102965018
    CN 103555203
    DE 2027606
    EP 0 794 018
    EP 1,544,268
    权利要求:
    Claims (16)
    [1]
    Claims:
    A method of providing an elastic coating of a polymer dispersion by means of film forming on a solid, mesh or porous substrate, suitable for waterproofing, characterized in that the coating comprises a dispersion comprising dispersed in a liquid phase
    v) one or more aggregates at least substantially in solid form; vi) one or more polymers; vii) one or more surfactants; and viii) one or more coagulants; .
    [2]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that a coagulant is used which contains a hydrophobic component, the crosslinking of the dispersion being prevented until the dispersion is pressurized to such an extent that the hydrophobic component can no longer block the crosslinking.
    [3]
    Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coating liquid is subjected to injection at a pressure of 100 to 600 bar, preferably 200 to 500 bar.
    [4]
    Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the crosslinking of the dispersion is prevented by the hydrophobic component contained in the dispersion until the liquid phase of the dispersion, preferably water, is evaporated or otherwise reduced during coating to such an extent that the hydrophobic component is
    [5]
    Process according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the dispersion is crosslinked with a coagulant.
    [6]
    Process according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coagulant contains hydrophobic silica.
    [7]
    Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the polymers of the dispersion is an acrylate polymer, preferably the dispersion contains at least two acrylate polymers.
    [8]
    Process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adhesive backbone (s) contained in the dispersion comprise an iron and / or aluminum compound or compounds, such as iron oxide, alumina or a mixture thereof.
    [9]
    A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion is applied to the surface to be coated, applied to the tissue or netting by applying
    a) forming an aqueous polymer dispersion mixture of at least two different polymer particle sizes;
    b) adding to the polymer dispersion mixture formed in step a a solids mixture comprising an iron and / or aluminum compound or compounds and a coagulant;
    c) homogenizing the polymer dispersion mixture thus obtained to obtain a coating liquid; and
    d) Applying the coating liquid obtained in step c to the surface to be coated by brushing.
    [10]
    Process according to Claim 9, characterized in that a coating liquid having a dry matter content of at least 55% by weight, preferably 6075% by weight, based on the weight of the liquid is prepared.
    [11]
    The process according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the polymer dispersion mixture is applied by high pressure spraying,
    a) forming an aqueous polymer dispersion mixture of at least two different polymer particle sizes;
    20175894 prh 11-10-2017
    b) adding to the polymer dispersion mixture formed in step a) a solids mixture comprising an iron and / or aluminum compound or compounds and a coagulant; and
    c) applying the coating liquid obtained in step b to the surface to be coated;
    5 for tissue or mesh by high pressure injection.
    [12]
    Process according to Claim 11 or 12, characterized in that a coating liquid having a dry substance content of about 50-75% by weight, preferably 55-70% by weight, for example about 58-65% by weight, is prepared.
    [13]
    The process according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the dispersion contains a first polymer having a first particle size and a second polymer having a second particle size, the ratio of the first and second particle sizes being from 2: 1 to 25: 1, preferably about 3: 1 to 10: 1.
    [14]
    Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is flanked by a material containing finely divided silica, in particular fumed silica.
    20
    [15]
    Process according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the process does not use organic solvents.
    [16]
    Elastic coating, characterized in that it is produced by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 15.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP1114008B1|2003-09-03|Compositions and methods to protect calcitic and/or siliceous surfaces
    AU5370899A|2000-04-03|Aqueous fluorinated polymer dispersions capable to protect asphaltic materials
    DE19921815A1|2000-11-16|Use of polysulfide-free preparations as an additive to building materials based on clay or clay
    JP2008285367A|2008-11-27|Coating film curing and reinforcing agent for mortar or concrete
    FI20175894A1|2019-04-12|Method for producing an elastic coating and elastic coating
    FI128151B|2019-11-15|Polymer dispersion and method for producing the same
    JP2004091728A|2004-03-25|Asphalt-based-waterproofing composition and method for providing waterproof asphalt construction
    KR101916821B1|2018-11-08|SBR modified acryl-urethane waterproof composition including water-soluble urethane polymer and preparation method thereof
    JP4664711B2|2011-04-06|Cement-based material coating curing agent and method for applying the coating curing agent
    JP3856065B2|2006-12-13|Protection method for concrete structures
    WO2010080718A1|2010-07-15|Asphalt prime coat
    JPH0641381A|1994-02-15|Resin composition
    DE19910602C1|2000-11-16|Quick-drying plaster or coating composition used as thick or thin layer on facades or heat-insulation composites contains a polymeric binder and an organic precipitating agent
    KR20110064553A|2011-06-15|Aqueous membrane curing composition for concrete surface
    US20190119453A1|2019-04-25|A process for preparing core-shell particles having a polymer core and a continuous silica shell, an aqueous polymer dispersion obtainable by said process, a redispersible polymer powder, and a composition comprising the redispersible polymer powder
    JP2021501248A|2021-01-14|Composites and their use
    KR20190077833A|2019-07-04|COATING COMPOSITION FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF Mg-CONTAINING GALVANIZED STEEL SHEET AND GOATED STEEL SHEET WITH THE SAME
    JP2864266B2|1999-03-03|How to apply Alfalt emulsion
    JP2738547B2|1998-04-08|Concrete deterioration prevention method
    CN113943550A|2022-01-18|Dust suppressant and application thereof
    JPH0794622B2|1995-10-11|Coating composition for forming uneven surface
    JPH0525432A|1993-02-02|Undercoating material for porous inorganic board
    JPH0749580B2|1995-05-31|Soil moistureproofing agent
    JPH05125294A|1993-05-21|Coating composition and coating agent for inorganic material
    JP2016141703A|2016-08-08|Coating undercoat agent of porous material
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    WO2019073121A1|2019-04-18|
    CA3076446A1|2019-04-18|
    AU2018348840A1|2020-05-28|
    FI128604B|2020-08-31|
    EP3694932A1|2020-08-19|
    US20210198515A1|2021-07-01|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US7235294B2|2004-02-17|2007-06-26|Bostik, Inc.|Cohesive coating for snack food packaging|
    CN102965018A|2012-11-30|2013-03-13|山东北方创信防水技术有限公司|Nano spraying quick-setting rubber asphalt waterproof coating for metro tunnels|
    CN103865392B|2014-02-28|2016-05-18|山东北方创信防水技术有限公司|The red spraying of SSE rapid hardening rubber asphalt waterproof coating|
    CN107083190B|2017-04-28|2019-06-18|江阴正邦化学品有限公司|A kind of aqueous uncured water-repellent paint|
    法律状态:
    2020-08-31| FG| Patent granted|Ref document number: 128604 Country of ref document: FI Kind code of ref document: B |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FI20175894A|FI128604B|2017-10-11|2017-10-11|Method for producing an elastic coating and elastic coating|FI20175894A| FI128604B|2017-10-11|2017-10-11|Method for producing an elastic coating and elastic coating|
    EP18814665.8A| EP3694932A1|2017-10-11|2018-10-11|Method of producing an elastic coating and an elastic coating|
    AU2018348840A| AU2018348840A1|2017-10-11|2018-10-11|Method of producing an elastic coating and an elastic coating|
    CA3076446A| CA3076446A1|2017-10-11|2018-10-11|Method of producing an elastic coating and an elastic coating|
    PCT/FI2018/050734| WO2019073121A1|2017-10-11|2018-10-11|Method of producing an elastic coating and an elastic coating|
    US16/754,780| US20210198515A1|2017-10-11|2018-10-11|Method of producing an elastic coating and an elastic coating|
    [返回顶部]