• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a chamber arrangement for a carbon production retort to treat a mass of bio-origin in an oxygen-free state. The arrangement comprises several arranged and elongated treatment chambers (1) with moving devices (2) for moving the mass to be treated as a successive process through the chambers from the top down, while a hot gas surrounding and heating the chambers flows in the fire chambers (3). the opposite direction from the bottom up. In accordance with the invention, the treatment chambers (1) are paired in association with a scrap conveyor (2) which goes around them to move the pulp from the first end of a treatment chamber to the other end and down to the second treatment chamber and along and through this and down to the next steps. . In addition, the fire chambers (3) are arranged alternately on top of each other with the treatment chambers and in turn are joined at their ends to each other to form a continuous rising fire channel between the treatment chambers.
    公开号:FI20175575A1
    申请号:FI20175575
    申请日:2017-06-19
    公开日:2018-12-20
    发明作者:Taisto Raussi
    申请人:Taisto Raussi；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    CHARGE PRODUCTION CORTIC CHAMBER
    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a chamber arrangement of a continuous carbon production retort for handling various biological pulps.
    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    A retort is an oven in which wood or other organic pulp is slowly heated to about 500 ° C in an oxygen-free space. Traditionally, the main product has been coal and by-products of various liquids and gases such as distillate and tar. Conventional retorts are batch retorts, that is, the retort chamber is filled with the mass to be treated and heated as long as fluid is removed from it or when a certain temperature dependent on the mass to be treated is reached. The result is a carbon and tar distillate solution which can be purified to various purities by various separation methods.
    The resulting liquid product contains about 25-30% water and several hundred different compounds, and consists of small molecule compounds, complex high molecular weight lignin material and anhydrous sugars. The amount of acids is typically 4-7% of the liquid. The main groups of compounds are acids, alcohols, aldehydes and terpenes. However, in recent years, several applications have been found for more subdivided distillates: plant protection products, biocides, snails, deer and mole repellents, wood preservatives and dyes, metal coatings and lubricants and skin conditioners. In addition to traditional industrial applications, coal from the process also has many uses. Larger pieces of carbon are suitable for barbecue charcoal, smaller crumb is an effective soil conditioner for farmland, and fine carbon forms an essential part of various filters when it comes to removing various unwanted components from air and gas streams.
    Various continuous retorts are also known in which biomass is transported in a continuous stream under hot conditions so that it gasses at different temperatures at different temperatures and ultimately leaves relatively pure carbon. Such a structure is disclosed, for example, in US 4,501,644 and WO 2012/032223. The solutions presented present a problem of uneven quality of the resulting carbon. The pulps to be treated rotate or protrude into the chambers as thick layers of pulp, with part of the pulp always adhering to hot fires and part of the pulp in the middle of the pulp stream. As a result, this often results in an incompletely charred pulp, which is unacceptable, particularly in various filter structures.
    PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION
    The object of the invention is to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art. In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide a novel retort chamber arrangement which enables a continuous carbon production process with stable and uniform temperatures and other conditions so as to result in a pure and perfectly carbonized carbon mass. Further, the purpose of the smooth process is to produce distillates which are as pure as possible, which, even as such, are ready to be marketed as acceptable products.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    The chamber arrangement of the carbon production retort according to the invention is intended for the treatment of organic mass in anoxic state. The arrangement includes a plurality of overlapping and elongated treatment chambers having transfer means for transferring the pulp to be treated through the chambers in a sequential process from top to bottom while the hot gas partially encircling and heating the treatment chambers flows in the opposite direction from the bottom. According to the invention, the treatment chambers are coupled in pairs with a rotating bump conveyor to transfer the pulp from one end of one treatment chamber to the other end and down to and through the second treatment chamber to the next step. Further, the fire chambers are arranged alternately on top of the treatment chambers and connected alternately at their ends to form a continuous rising duct between the treatment chambers. Thus, in the structure of the invention, one bump conveyor rotates continuously in the same direction, moving the pulp first in the upper processing chamber in one direction and then in the lower processing chamber in the opposite direction. The pulp is then transferred to the next bump conveyor and the corresponding two treatment chambers. Further, there are always corresponding horizontal fire chambers between each of the treatment chambers, i.e. vertically alternating with the horizontal treatment chambers.
    Preferably, in the treatment chamber pair, the first end of the upper treatment chamber, i.e. the upstream end of the pulp stream, includes a feed space for feeding pulp to the treatment chamber. Likewise, preferably, in the treatment chamber pair, the lower end of the lower treatment chamber includes an outlet to direct the pulp out of the treatment chamber to the next treatment chamber or out of the process. These said spaces are one and the same closed chamber structure with the treatment chambers, so that the pulp to be treated is in a closed anoxic state throughout the treatment time.
    In order to obtain a continuous flow of gas through and through the process, the beginning of the lowest combustion chamber is connected to the combustion chamber so that the hot gases from fuel combustion are conducted to the combustion chamber. Further, the end of the last fire chamber is connected to an exhaust flue to direct cooled flue gases out of the process. In this way, hot gases flow and rise in succession through the furnace chambers while cooling, while heating the biomass flowing in the treatment chambers in the opposite direction. Preferably, the fire chambers are one more than the treatment chambers, wherein the biomass is heated both above and below each treatment chamber. As the carbonaceous mass circulating in the treatment chambers is charred, different distillates may be separated from it at different temperatures, preferably at least one treatment chamber having an outlet to extract these gases from the process. When the outlet is positioned in the correct temperature range, the outlet produces gas that can be burned to produce the heat required by the process. In this way, the process itself generates its own energy and only the start-up requires external heating energy, such as chips in the combustion chamber.
    Preferably, not all distillates separating from the pulp at different temperatures are gaseous incinerated, but at least one treatment chamber and suitably more are provided with a tap to extract a particular distillate, such as acetic acid, and to condense it into a liquid.
    The carbon extracted from the process also requires intensive cooling. At the end of the process, its temperature is in the order of 500 ° C and must be brought to below 100 ° C so that it does not ignite when exposed to oxygen in the air. The heat generated by cooling can be recovered and utilized for various applications known per se, so that they are not described in detail herein.
    Preferably, the treatment chambers are flat in height, with the height of the collar conveyor substantially equal to the height of the treatment chamber. The wide, shallow and long treatment chambers, and the fire chambers substantially equal in width and length, form an overlapping chamber stack where the height of the treatment chambers and the fire chambers are not necessarily the same. What is essential is the wide, planar structure, where the mass moves in a wide, thin, even layer, carried by bumps. In this way the carbonization takes place evenly and a homogeneous carbon mass is obtained irrespective of its particle size.
    Preferably, the chain tension of the bump conveyor is suitably loose, so that upon returning, the bumps do not hang in the air, but rub the bottom of both treatment chambers, i.e. in both directions. In this way, the operation of the bump conveyor is identical in both directions and the pulp moves at a constant rate through the entire process, i.e. through all the treatment chambers. This ensures uniform and perfect charring of the pulp.
    By way of example, orders of magnitude in which the treatment chamber has a height of the order of 5 to 20 cm, for example about 10 cm and a width of the order of 1 to 4 m, for example about 2 to 3 m. the process produces about 1-2 m3 of carbon per hour and 1-2 m3 of acetic acid per day.
    The chamber arrangement according to the invention provides a very compact and dense structure in which heat is efficiently transferred from the hot flue gases to the pulp, the treatment chambers and the fire chambers alternating so that the bottom of the treatment chamber always forms the fire chamber lid and the fire chamber bottom. The tight construction and sufficient heat insulation as the outer sheath ensure that the various chambers are effectively connected to each other. Thus, the thermal equilibrium of the process is stable and easy to control based on the measurement data provided by thermometers installed at appropriate locations by controlling the pulp feed rate to the process and the speed of the collision conveyors.
    Preferably, the fire chamber is structured in such a way that a large number of intermediate supports are arranged between its lid and the bottom, by which the bottom and the lid are connected, such as welded, into a rigid assembly. Despite the fact that, despite the large and variable temperature differences, the fireboxes remain accurately dimensioned, the dimensions of the treatment chambers also remain constant and the sheets cannot bend and buckle even at large temperature fluctuations. This ensures a relatively tight fit of the collapsible conveyor bumps in the treatment chambers, while keeping the treatment chamber heights constant.
    The chamber arrangement of the invention ensures that the pulp to be treated is transferred from one chamber to another and from one end of each chamber to another during the treatment process under conditions where all pulp particles undergo exactly the same treatment process at the same temperatures and same treatment times. By adjusting sufficient temperatures and sufficient processing times, this results in high quality and homogeneous bio-carbon.
    In the retort according to the invention, it is essential for its use and for the homogeneity of the products obtained that the properties remain sufficiently constant in the various chambers. Therefore, preferably, each chamber includes a heat measuring arrangement, one or more heat sensors, or the like. Measured temperature data and retort control arrangement can then be used to adjust torch power and pulp rotation speed, i.e., conveyor power. When the chambers are kept at a constant temperature, the gasification also remains constant, i.e. only certain substances in a given chamber gasify and thus the gas discharged from that chamber and the distillate obtained therefrom remain unchanged.
    The treatment chamber first in the retort in the direction of the flow of the pulp may be a drying chamber in which the temperature is kept so low that the pulp merely dries, i.e. dehydrates. This way only water vapor is removed from the chamber and no more valuable distillates to be recovered.
    In principle, the retort according to the invention could have any number of successive treatment chambers, but in practice, 4-10 consecutive chambers with different step-up temperature levels have been found to handle sufficiently different organic masses and sufficient separation of different end products.
    In one embodiment of the invention, a single condenser, for example a condenser combined with a flue gas outlet, includes heat transfer means for utilizing the heat from the condenser in the pre-treatment of the biological mass. Here, the pulp may be pre-dried and / or preheated before being fed to the first chamber of the retort. This way the waste heat otherwise wasted from the process is recovered and the pulp is drier and more uniform.
    The carbon and distillates entering the various condensers are relatively hot, so the heat amounts they process are so significant that they are worth recovering. Therefore, preferably, the condensers are provided with means for recovering heat as steam, hot water or hot air and for utilization outside the retort. The utilization rate can always vary depending on the energy needs of the retort environment and the vicinity. The waste heat can be utilized, for example, as steam, hot water, hot water, hot air, or to steam the turbine to generate electricity.
    Most preferably, the retort according to the invention employs a relatively fine-grained wood chips that are evenly charred. Further, the bump conveyors in the chambers mix the pulp as it is moved forward, whereby the pulp remains homogeneous and only certain constituents are gassed uniformly at certain stages, i.e. the pulp is heated uniformly throughout the process.
    BENEFITS OF THE INVENTION
    The retort of the invention has significant advantages over the prior art. The retort according to the invention allows for a continuous process whereby separate and time consuming heating steps and cooling steps are omitted. This significantly increases production capacity. According to the invention, the pulp treatment is obtained in a highly uniform and adjustable manner so that the various constituents of the substance which gasify from the pulp can be recovered, if desired. Only by adjusting the temperatures in different chambers and arranging the desired temperature ranges in different chambers can the composition of the distillate obtained from a particular chamber be predetermined as desired. The number of different distillates to be recovered can be easily limited by switching the desired number of chambers in series. The process control is simply based on the measured temperatures by controlling the pulp feed rate and burner power. Generally, only one temperature measurement / chamber is sufficient, but for more accurate monitoring of the resulting distillates and their quality, temperatures can be measured at several locations within the same chamber.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, which schematically shows a carbon production retort chamber arrangement according to the invention.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The figure schematically shows a chamber arrangement for a coal production retort according to the invention and some of its other components. In the chamber arrangement, the eight treatment chambers 1 are interconnected as follows. The treatment chamber is formed by a relatively long, wide, planar structure that is horizontal and has a relatively small height relative to width and length. All of the treatment chambers are superimposed so that there are always at each interval and at the top and bottom the corresponding plate-shaped fire chambers 3. The treatment chambers 1 are connected in pairs by a common bump conveyor 2 so that the bump conveyor travels upstream and downstream. Transverse struts 10 are attached to the collar conveyor transfer chains. The tension of the chains is selected so loose that in both directions the collars rub the bottom of the respective treatment chamber and thereby move the mass to be treated at the bottom of the processing chamber.
    At the beginning of the first treatment chamber is a hopper 12 with pulp feeders for feeding the organic pulp to be treated to the process. Through the feed space 4, the pulp flows to the beginning of the first treatment chamber 1, from where it is moved by the bump conveyor through the first treatment chamber and the second treatment chamber to the outlet space 5 at the end of the second treatment chamber. This happens four times.
    Above and below each treatment chamber 1 are planar and hollow fire chambers 3. The lowest fire chamber 3a communicates at its first end with a combustion chamber 6 where combustible material can be burned to provide the desired hot gas flow to the fire chambers 3. The other end of the fire chamber 3a is connected by and in a corresponding manner, all the fire chambers are interconnected to provide a circulating hot flue gas flow between the treatment chambers. Finally, at the end of the last or upper chamber, the flue gases are led into the exhaust flue 7.
    As the biomass travels in the treatment chambers back and forth, hot flue gases travel in adjacent ducts back and forth, so that the heat acting on the mass rises steadily throughout the process. The large hot surfaces and the thin layers of pulp that rotate in front of the bumps heat up uniformly and thoroughly, thereby removing various distillates, gases and gassed liquids in the various treatment chambers.
    Some of the gases are highly flammable and can be used as a process heat source. Thus, an outlet 8 is provided from at least one of the treatment chambers 1a, from which the gases are led directly to the combustion chamber 6 for combustion. This way, the process does not require external energy after start-up. Other distillates may also be separated from the biomass to be treated before complete carbonization. Thus, at least one treatment chamber Ib is provided with a tap 9 from which hot gas can be introduced into a suitable condenser arrangement 14 where the gas is cooled and condensed into and out of the process. For example, significant amounts of acetic acid can be obtained from the process in this way.
    After the last treatment chamber, the fully charred biocarbon is extremely hot, about 500 ° C, so that it cannot be exposed to air and oxygen. Therefore, the bio-carbon is led to a cooling arrangement 15 where the bio-carbon is cooled by suitable heat exchangers and, for example, water jets, so that it can be discharged into the open air for final cooling. The alternating fire chambers and the treatment chamber are flat structures, i.e. their heights are constant. At suitably selected heights of the cams 10 used in this manner, it is guaranteed that the mass moves in a steady stream of rotation in front of the cams along the hot fire surfaces. The treatment chambers cannot have any intermediate supports because the cavities pass through the entire area. Therefore, preferably, as described in the middle chamber of the lowest treatment chamber, there are a plurality of intermediate supports 11 within the fire chamber 3, which engage the fire chamber lid and bottom to form a rigid assembly. This guarantees the dimensional stability of the fireplace chambers 3 even at high temperature variations. Since the lid of the furnace always forms the bottom of the upper chamber and the bottom of the furnace always forms the lid of the chamber, the aforementioned rigid structure of the furnaces also ensures a stable measuring depth of the chamber. This allows the bumps of the bump conveyors to always move freely along the treatment chambers, even though they are quite accurately dimensioned according to the height of the treatment chambers.
    The invention has been described above by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, but various embodiments of the invention are possible within the scope of the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    A coal production retort chamber arrangement for treating organic pulp in an anoxic state comprising a plurality of overlapping and elongated treatment chambers (1) having transfer means (2) for sequentially transferring the treated mass through the chambers from top to bottom while the hot gas surrounding the chambers 3) in the opposite direction from the bottom up, characterized in that the treatment chambers (1) are connected in pairs by a rotating collar conveyor (2) for transferring mass from one end of one treatment chamber to the other end and down to and through the second treatment chamber; that the fire chambers (3) are arranged alternately on top of the treatment chambers and connected alternately at their ends to form a continuous rising duct between the treatment chambers.
    [2]
    A chamber arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the treatment chamber pair, the first end of the upper treatment chamber comprises a supply space (4) for feeding the pulp into the treatment chamber.
    [3]
    A chamber arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the treatment chamber pair, the lower end of the lower treatment chamber comprises an outlet space (5) for directing the pulp out of the treatment chamber to the next treatment chamber or out of the process.
    [4]
    A chamber arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lower end of the lowest fire chamber (3a) is connected to the combustion chamber (6) for introducing hot gases generated therein into the combustion chambers (3).
    [5]
    A chamber arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the end of the last fire chamber is connected to an exhaust flue (7) to direct the cooled flue gases out of the process.
    [6]
    A chamber arrangement according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one treatment chamber (1a) comprises an outlet (8) for extracting gases from the process and for generating the heat required by the process by burning the gas.
    [7]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one treatment chamber (ib) comprises a tap (9) for removing a certain distillate, such as acetic acid, from the process and cooling it.
    [8]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the treatment chambers (1) are of flat height, the height of the cavity (10) of the collision conveyor (2) being substantially equal to the height of the treatment chamber.
    [9]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the chain tension of the bump conveyor (2) is arranged such that the bumps (10) rub the bottom of both treatment chambers, that is, when traveling in both directions.
    [10]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the treatment chamber (1) has a height of the order of 5 to 20 cm, for example about 10 cm and a width of the order of 1 to 4 m, e.g. m.
    [11]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the treatment chambers (1) and the fire chambers (3) alternate such that the bottom of the treatment chamber always forms the fire chamber lid and the fire chamber bottom the treatment chamber lid, whereby the chambers are effectively connected.
    [12]
    Chamber arrangement according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a large number of spacers (11) are provided between the lid and the bottom of the fire chamber (3), by which the bottom and lid are joined rigidly to prevent the plates from buckling.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3642304A1|2020-04-29|
    WO2018234630A1|2018-12-27|
    EP3642304A4|2021-03-10|
    FI128847B|2021-01-29|
    CN110770323A|2020-02-07|
    FI20175575A|2018-12-20|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US1604253A|1925-02-14|1926-10-26|Clarence E Barnhart|Oil-shale retort|
    GB358450A|1930-01-07|1931-10-05|Charles Honnay|Improvements in and relating to coking furnaces|
    GB505151A|1938-08-12|1939-05-05|V H A Syndicate Ltd|Process of and apparatus for the low temperature distillation of coal, lignite, shale or similar solid carbonaceous fuels|
    US4501644A|1982-09-28|1985-02-26|Thomas Delbert D|Apparatus for the selective retorting of carbonaceous materials|
    UA79097C2|2004-04-22|2007-05-25|Eko Teknolodzhy Hrupp Res And|Reflux stepwise method for organic waste utilization and reflux plant for pyrolysis|
    JP2011079890A|2009-10-05|2011-04-21|Nippon Sharyo Seizo Kaisha Ltd|Multi-stage screw carbonization furnace|
    FI20100305A0|2010-09-08|2010-09-08|Juha Huttunen|Method and equipment for processing of bio-raw material|
    法律状态:
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