• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The object of the invention is a method of treating freight goods to move a freight unit (1) inside a freight space • txune (k) or away from it by means of auxiliary means of transport. The cargo space (k) is loaded by using an auxiliary device (2) which is pushed with the transport means in the cargo space, after which the auxiliary device (2) is pulled away from below the goods unit and a support device (1, 3) located below it. The cargo space is relieved by pushing the auxiliary device (2) with the transport means by means of a control device (4) arranged at a leading edge of the auxiliary end (II) of the auxiliary unit (1) located in the cargo space, and then by pulling the auxiliary device and the one on the same. existing freight unit away from the cargo space. In the relief of the cargo space, an auxiliary device (2) is used, the control device (4) comprising a pushing plate (4a) lowered by its tip, by means of which the auxiliary device is pushed under the freight unit (k) under the cargo unit and the supporting device existing below it (1,3), to pull the auxiliary device and the goods unit on the same unit with its support device (2,1,3) away from the cargo space. The object of the invention, on the other hand, is also a device operating according to the method.
    公开号:FI20175483A1
    申请号:FI20175483
    申请日:2017-05-30
    公开日:2018-12-01
    发明作者:Esa-Tapio Seppälä
    申请人:Seppaelae Esa Tapio；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Method and equipment for handling cargo
    The invention relates to a method and apparatus for handling cargo in accordance with the preamble of the independent claims which apply thereto.
    For example, the loading and unloading of containers is commonly referred to as so-called. fork lift. In this case, especially when packing timber in a container, it is generally in the interest of getting the container packed as full as possible. For this reason, the size of the bundles is usually dimensioned to fit as narrowly as possible into the container. They are then lifted with a forklift first to the mouth of the container and then pushed along the bottom of the container to the rear of the container. After this, the next bundle of timber, etc., is inserted after the previous bundle of timber until the container is full. This type of loading, for example, has the disadvantage that the timber in particular at the bottom of each bundle suffers significantly when the bundle is pushed along the bottom of the container. Similarly, when unloading timber bundles from a container, they must be pulled out along the bottom of the container out of the container, whereby, depending on the point of towing, the timber material is otherwise damaged.
    This type of procedure is thus quite disadvantageous, in particular because of the great losses it causes, but also because it requires a very high degree of force in moving the bundles of timber along the bottom of the container.
    On the other hand, in particular, US patents 4,355,940 and 5,054,987 are previously known to utilize auxiliary power packing / unloading equipment, both of which are characterized by providing a fixed track conveyor in connection with the loading dock, the rolls of which are rotated by the drive equipment. can be moved inside the container behind the track conveyor. A disadvantage of this type of solution is that it requires, first of all, permanent space arrangements with fully rigid mechanisms and loading dock structures. In addition, such types of equipment are quite complex, requiring constant maintenance and maintenance, and are therefore not advantageous for use in uncovered areas.
    Also, such types of equipment do not provide a significant advantage over conventional forklift loading in that the goods brought into the container mouth have to be subsequently transported to the container by sliding along the bottom of the container. Therefore, such hardware solutions do not provide significant benefits, particularly in terms of minimizing the loss problems caused to the goods being loaded / unloaded.
    Further, the solutions disclosed in DE 32 46 347 and DE 36 08206 are based, in particular, from a methodological point of view, on loading a container using an auxiliary device which pushes the bundle of cargo under the auxiliary device into the container. In practice, the above solutions are mainly applicable to loading a container by removing the auxiliary device from the container after loading the bundle imported therefrom, the first application being that the container doors are closed and the auxiliary device is pulled under the bundle. In the latter solution, the corresponding event is accomplished by a conveyor technology integrated in the auxiliary device, such as the belt conveyor principle, by using it to cause the bundle of goods on top of the auxiliary to move towards the rear wall of the container.
    Neither of the above solutions is efficient enough, even for the container loading described above, since, firstly, both solutions have an auxiliary height of their own which disproportionately reduces the effective interior space of the container, especially in view of current logistics requirements. This also causes the problem that when the bundle is lowered from the auxiliary device it drops too high, causing the load to be damaged at least at the lower part. For this reason, such solutions are not suitable at all for, for example, container transport of timber. On the other hand, such solutions still have the basic problem of container transport that it is difficult to dismantle the container when the bundles are fixed against the floor of the container. Container unloading therefore has to be carried out in accordance with conventional procedures, the problem of which has already been explained above.
    In principle, it is, of course, also possible to utilize both of the above solutions by leaving the auxiliary device permanently inside the container during transport, whereby the container can be disassembled by means of the auxiliary device. This solution, as discussed above, firstly has the problem that the effective internal volume of the container remains too small. The main disadvantage, however, is that such an arrangement requires the use of container-specific auxiliaries, which makes the purchase and maintenance of such a system disproportionately expensive. Thus, the only advantage in this context is that the container can be unloaded by means of an auxiliary device.
    Further, FI 108789 discloses an improved method and apparatus for loading and / or unloading a container in relation to the prior art. in the method, one or more bundles of goods at a time are moved to or from the container, e.g. Thereafter, the auxiliary device is pulled against the substrate by its associated motion means and, on the other hand, by its sliding arrangement, such as a roller plane, a webbing and / or a similar device, supported by its supporting surface.
    At the front edge of the auxiliary device body of the above-mentioned publication there is provided a removably mounted platform such as a drill or the like to leave the bundle loaded at least from its container opening end over the platform above the platform, in particular to facilitate unloading by pulling the bundle of goods on top of the auxiliary device out of the container. For the purpose described above, a fixed wedge-shaped blade is provided at the front edge of the unloading body of the auxiliary body, which facilitates driving the auxiliary device under the cargo unit, after which the auxiliary unit and its cargo unit can be withdrawn from the container.
    The above solution has brought about a significant improvement over time, but its use is limited at present, since the handling of goods has largely shifted to bundles of goods assembled with support systems below which the above method is unsuitable.
    The purpose of the method and apparatus of the present invention is to provide a decisive improvement on the above problems and thus to substantially improve the state of the art. To accomplish this purpose, the method and apparatus of the invention are essentially characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing parts of the independent claims which apply thereto.
    The main advantages of the method and apparatus according to the invention are the simplicity and efficiency of both the related hardware solutions and their use, which, on the other hand, enables the operation of the conveyor used therein with significantly less force. In addition, the invention makes it possible to provide, for example, the optimal packing density of containers and to further minimize the damage caused by loading and / or unloading both on the goods being transported and, of course, also on the bottom of the container. The blade pivotally pivotable on the unloading end of the auxiliary device according to the invention, pressed against its base, allows the auxiliary device to be driven in a substantially horizontal direction (or e.g. in a slope corresponding to a container ramp) after the cargo unit on the cargo platform the consignment can be pulled out of the cargo space. In this way, it is possible to move or remove a container unit associated with platform height firstly without the need for, for example, fitting the auxiliary device (to provide its buttplate under the unit and its support arrangement) and on the other hand. no need to "drag" along the platform. In this context, the support surface of the auxiliary device further preferably has a movement arrangement, such as a sliding surface and / or e.g. a chain or roll arrangement, by which the auxiliary device is first retractable under the load pushed into the container and retractable under the removable load from the cargo space by pulling auxiliary equipment eg with a forklift.
    Thus, the method and apparatus of the invention make it possible to significantly improve and facilitate e.g. loading and / or unloading timber in container transport, firstly by maximizing e.g. use of container space and secondly by minimizing handling damage, while minimizing the power of the working machine. on removal from, or loading on, the cargo hold.
    Other preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims.
    In the following description, the invention is illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an exemplary side elevation of a preferred embodiment of the method and apparatus of the invention, Figures 2a and 2b illustrate exemplary side views of an auxiliary device Figures 4a and 4b show a top view and a side view of an embodiment of the invention in connection with a prior art auxiliary device, Figure 5 is a perspective view of a preferred auxiliary device suitable for the invention, and Figures 6a and 6b are specific perspective views. an auxiliary device to that shown in Figure 5.
    The invention firstly relates to a method for handling cargo, in which one or more cargo units 1 at a time are moved into or out of the cargo space k by an auxiliary power vehicle, such as a forklift truck, forklift or the like, which: 2 by pushing the auxiliary device and its load unit 2b on its support surface 2b with carrier arrangement 3 into a cargo space, then the auxiliary device 2 is pulled by the conveyor against the support device by moving the movement elements 2c such as wheels, rollers and / or 2b, supported by the movement arrangement 2d, such as a roller plane, a belt mat and / or the like, away from the cargo unit and underneath the arrangement 1.3, and - on the other hand, the cargo space is unloaded by pushing the auxiliary device 2 II organized than the front edge of the guide arrangement 4, as the wedge-shaped butt-pad or the like to be boosted by a cargo compartment of less than one goods unit and then pulling the auxiliary device and overlying cargo unit out of the cargo compartment.
    2a and 2b in particular, a cargo space is used to unload the auxiliary device 2, whose guide arrangement 4 comprises a pusher plate 4a pressed against its base against which the auxiliary device is pushed under the cargo unit k and its support under arrangement 1,3, to retrieve cargo unit 2,1,3 from the cargo hold. Thanks to the invention, it is possible to perform the auxiliary device continuously in a substantially horizontal position.
    Particularly when operating with auxiliary devices with a fixed blade, the auxiliary device must be tilted to push its blade under the item to be processed. However, this may not be possible with the interior of the container, for example when unloading a load of goods at the bottom of the container or when the lifting fork of the means of transport touches the auxiliary device when tilting the container. In addition, the transport vehicle used in such an operation is required to be particularly powerful due to the lifting and tilting movements of the auxiliary device.
    The tilting motion w of the blade plate 4a shown in Fig. 1 extends below the base plane y of the auxiliary device, which is a prerequisite for operating the auxiliary device e.g. on a gently sloping ramp.
    As a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, particularly with reference to Fig. 1, the auxiliary device 2 is used for deflecting the cargo space k, the control arrangement 4 comprising a blade disc 4 which is pivotally pivoting on the front edge of the auxiliary body 2a
    A further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, with particular reference to Fig. 2b, is a load-bearing arrangement 3 having a wedge-top V corresponding to the wedge-shape V of the arrangement 4 under the cargo unit 1 to unload the cargo compartment k under the cargo unit 1. support for pushing under the 1.3.
    The invention also relates, on the one hand, to an apparatus for the purpose as described above, wherein the apparatus comprises an auxiliary device 2 for loading a cargo space k, such as a container or the like, and a cargo unit 1 with its supporting surface 2b on its support surface 2 subsequently pulled by the transport means against the auxiliary device by moving the movement members 2c thereof, such as wheels, rollers and / or the like, and a movement arrangement 2d such as a roll plane, belt and / or the like on its support surface 2b , 3 below. On the other hand, when unloading a cargo space, the auxiliary device 2 can be pushed by a conveying device under a guide arrangement 4, such as a wedge-shaped blade or the like, facilitated by the cargo unit 1 on its front end, and subsequently withdrawn from the cargo space. 2a and 2b, a pushing plate 4a is pressed against its base to allow the auxiliary device to be pushed under the cargo unit k under the cargo unit and the support bracket 1.3 underneath it, the auxiliary device and the cargo unit 2.1 on the support , 3 to withdraw from the cargo space by using an auxiliary device in the aforementioned operation continuously in a substantially horizontal position.
    As a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, with particular reference to Fig. 1, the control arrangement 4 of the associated auxiliary device 2 comprises a blade 4a which is pivotally wound on the body 2a and pivoting against the base with a horizontal pivot axis w.
    A further preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, particularly with reference to Fig. 2b, comprises a support arrangement 3 having a bevelled surface V substantially corresponding to the wedge shape V of the guide plate 4a under the cargo unit 1 to apply an upwardly lifting force component F thereon. when pushed under.
    Further, as a preferred embodiment of the apparatus, with particular reference to Figures 1, 2a and 2b, its control arrangement 4 comprises a movement arrangement 4aal above the blade plate 4a, such as one or more parallel and / or sequential roller, chain, belt mat arrangements and / or the like. In a further preferred embodiment, the control arrangement 4 comprises a sliding surface arrangement 4a2 on the upper surface of the blade plate 4a, which further preferably with reference to Figure 1 further comprises a plastic, reinforced plastic thread, removably attached to the upper surface of the blade plate 4a. , composite or similar materials, or the like. material coated component.
    It is also possible to utilize a sliding surface arrangement of the type described above, e.g., plastic, reinforced plastic, ceramic, composite material or the like, on the support surface 2b of the auxiliary device, e.g. , or in addition to it.
    With particular reference to the auxiliary device embodiment 2 shown in Fig. 5, one or more, preferably four parallel endless chains 2dl on the support surface 2b, which are movable by means of folding wheels at the ends of the support surface, are utilized therein. The chains are further preferably arranged to be immovable lockable and / or lowered below the upper surface of the support surface 2b.
    Further, with reference to the auxiliary device 2 shown in Figs. 6a and 6b, in particular with respect to the embodiment according to Fig. 5, it has an auxiliary body 2A disposed at opposite end I of its dismounting end II, further having pivotable wheels / rollers 2A1 and openings 2A2 In addition to that. the subframe is preferably provided with an opening 2A3 to enable the wheels / rollers to be pivoted by a pivoting arm coupled to the transport means.
    Em. the chain arrangement 2dl in the embodiments is still possible to be provided by mechanical, pressure medium, electric and / or internal combustion engine driven power transmission means (not shown in the drawings) to remove the load on the auxiliary support surface 2b by moving it along the support surface 2
    As a further preferred embodiment, with particular reference to Fig. 3, the auxiliary actuator members 2c comprise at least two successive roller arrangements or, e.g., an elongated track arrangement tmv at the unloading head II of the auxiliary body 2a, eliminating the need for a separate overpass ramp the auxiliary devices are continuously carried by the actuating members as it passes the aforementioned intermediate space.
    In addition, the auxiliary device also preferably comprises mechanical and / or auxiliary power actuating means for positioning the blade on its tip in a detached position from the base, and / or replaceable wear pads at the tip of the blade, e.g.
    It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described or described above, but can be modified within the scope of the basic idea of the invention as required. Thus, firstly, it is clear that when constructing auxiliary devices of substantially narrower container width of the type described above, the construction can be implemented e.g. with two-part frame beam constructions, etc. It is of course also possible to use more inconsistent roller solutions instead of the above roll types. -these rings, belt mats, etc., both as a moving member of the auxiliary device and on the support surface and / or the blade of the auxiliary device.
    Of course, it is obvious that the aforementioned type of auxiliary device can also be fitted with the most suitable coupling means for use with other types of conveyors, e.g., also utilizing the actuators located in the middle of the auxiliary device, etc. It is obviously possible to vary the constructions described the same procedure and equipment may also be used for loading and / or loading other types of cargo space such as trailer loading, etc.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
    A method for handling cargo in which one or more cargo units (1) are moved into or out of the cargo space (k) at a time by an auxiliary power vehicle such as a forklift truck, forklift truck or the like, which: loading using the auxiliary device ((2), the auxiliary device and its load unit (2b) having its supporting surface (2b) being pushed by the transport means into the cargo space, then the auxiliary device (2) is pulled by the transport means against the base 2c), such as wheels, rollers and / or the like, and a movement arrangement (2d) arranged on its support surface (2b), such as a roll plane, a beltless and / or the like, removed from under the article unit and below the support arrangement (1,3). , and - on the other hand, the cargo space is discharged by pushing the auxiliary device (2) with the conveying means by the auxiliary body (2a) a guide arrangement (4) arranged at the leading edge of the unloading head (II), such as a wedge-shaped blade or the like, facilitated under and then by pulling the auxiliary device and its cargo unit (1) out of the cargo space, characterized in that 2), wherein the guide arrangement (4) comprises a pusher plate (4a) pressed against its base to push the auxiliary device under the cargo unit (k) on the base of the cargo compartment (k) and below the support unit (1,3); 2,1,3) to pull out of the cargo space.
    [2]
    Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, when unloading the cargo space (k), an auxiliary device (2) is used, the control arrangement (4) of which is pivotally pivoted on the front edge of the auxiliary body (2a) against the gravitationally pressing blade plate (4a).
    [3]
    Method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, when unloading the cargo space (k), a support arrangement (3) having an inclined surface (V) substantially uplifting the wedge surface (V) of the control arrangement (4) for applying the force component (F) to the blade plate when pushing the blade plate under the load unit and underneath the support arrangement (1,3).
    [4]
    Apparatus for handling cargo intended for moving one or more cargo units (1) at a time to or from the cargo space (k) by means of an auxiliary transport device, such as a forklift truck, forklift truck or the like, comprising: for loading a cargo space (k), such as a container or the like, the auxiliary device (2) and the cargo unit (1) having a supporting arrangement (3) on its support surface (1) can be pushed into the cargo space by a transport means; by means of movement means (2c) such as wheels, rollers and / or the like (2d) arranged on its support surface (2b), such as a roll plane, a belt and / or the like, away from the article and the supporting arrangement underneath it. (1,3) from below, and - on the other hand, when unloading the cargo space, the auxiliary device is pushed by a means of transport a guide arrangement (4) arranged at the front edge of the auxiliary body (2a), such as a wedge-shaped blade or the like, assisted by a cargo unit (1) in the cargo space and subsequently retractable from the cargo space by the cargo unit (1) the guide arrangement (4) of the auxiliary device (2) comprises a pusher plate (4a) pressed against its base to allow the auxiliary device to be pushed under the carrier unit of the cargo space (k) and underneath the arrangement (1,3) with arrangements for withdrawing the cargo unit (2,1,3) from the cargo space.
    [5]
    Apparatus according to Claim 4, characterized in that the control arrangement (4) of the associated auxiliary device (2) comprises a blade disc (4a) pivotally pivoting on the front edge of the auxiliary body (2a) with respect to the horizontal axis of rotation (x) ).
    [6]
    Apparatus according to Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises, under the goods unit (1), a support arrangement (3) having an upwardly lifting force component (F) having a bevelled surface (V) substantially corresponding to the wedge shape (V) of the guide plate (4). to align it with the blade when pushing the blade under the cargo unit and underneath the support arrangement (1,3).
    [7]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the control arrangement (4) comprises a movement arrangement (4a1) above the blade plate (4a), such as one or more parallel and / or sequential roller, chain, belt mat and / or .
    [8]
    Apparatus according to one of the preceding claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the guide arrangement (4) comprises a sliding surface arrangement (4a2) on the upper surface of the blade plate (4a).
    [9]
    Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the sliding surface arrangement (4a2) comprises a plastic, reinforced plastic, ceramic, composite or similar material removably attached to the upper surface of the butt plate (4a), such as by screw fastening or the like. material coated surface part.
    [10]
    Apparatus according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the movement means (2c) comprise at least two successive roller arrangements or an elongated track arrangement at the discharge end (II) of the auxiliary body (2a).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FI128536B|2020-07-31|
    引用文献:
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    法律状态:
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